Tajweed Rules

PREFACE

Assalamu alaikum. Alhamdu lillah, we have finally completed the first version of this work that provides you with charts on Rules of Tajweed. We

don’t claim to be an expert in this area but we have tried our best to develop this tajweed material by referring to few books. We believe that this material

would be useful to those who are teaching Tajweed. Also, this can be used as a reference material. In order to develop this material, we have referred to the

following books:

1. Moulana Muhammad Ibrahim Sahib Baaqavi, Hidayathus sidyan fi tajweedil Quran, Haadi Publishers, Chennai, India. [In Tamil]

2. Dr. Abdul-majid Khan, Tajwid: The art of recitation of the Holy Quran, Urdu Academy Sind, Karachi, Pakistan. [In English]

يدفن التجو ,عزت عبيد الدعاس .3 , Dar Ibn Hajam, Beirut, Lebanon. [In Arabic]

4. Umm Muhammad, A Brief Introduction to Tajweed, Abul-Qasim Publishing House, Jeddah. [In English]

We ask Allah to forgive our shortcomings and accept our efforts. Please provide us with suggestions and/or comments for further improvement. We

acknowledge the help of many brothers and sisters in the preparation of this document. May Allah reward them all, aameen.

Please remember us and our parents in your prayers.

Contact Email: mibuhari@yahoo.com

Contact Address:

M.I. Seyed Mohamed Buhari, 24-E, Mohideen Street, Kayalpatnam – 628 204. Tamil Nadu. INDIA.

1

أحكام التجويدRULES OF TAJWEED

أحكام الوقفRULES OFSTOPPING

عالمات الضبطPUNCTUATION

MARKS

الوقف واالبتداءSTOPPING AND

INITIATION

احلروف احلايفMOLAR

TONGUE

احلروف الشجريةPALATAL

CONSONANTS

احلرفان اللهويانUVULAR

CONSONANTS

احلروف احللقيةPHARYNGEAL

(THROAT)CONSONANTS

اخليشوم NASAL CAVITY

(NASALIZATION)

احلروف الشفويةLABIAL (LIP)

CONSONANTS

احلروف األسليةINTER-DENTAL

احلروف اللثويةALVEO-DENTAL

احلروف النطعيةDENTAL

CONSONANTS

احلروف الذلقيةALVEOLAR

CONSONANTS

خمارج احلروفPLACES OF ARTICULATION

أحكام املدRULES OF MADD

أحكام اإلدغامASSIMILATION

أحكام الراءRULES OF RAA

أحكام حرف الالمRULES OF LAAM

أحكام حرف امليم الساكنةRULES OF MEEM

SAKINAH

أحكام النون الساكنة والتنوينNOON SAKINAH AND

TANWEEN

أحكام امليم والنون املشددتنيMUSHADDAD NOON

AND MEEM

القلقلةQALQALAH

أحكام احلروفRULES OFLETTERS

2

أحكام احلروفTHE RULES OF LETTERS

أحكام املدRULES OF

MADD

أحكام اإلدغامRULES OF

ASSIMILATION

أحكام الراءRULES OF RAA

أحكام حرف الالمRULES OF

LAAM

أحكام امليم والنون املشددتنيRULES OF

MUSHADDAD NOONAND MEEM

أحكام حرف امليم الساكنةRULES OF MEEM

SAKINAH

القلقلةRULES OF

QALQALAH

أحكام النون الساكنة والتنوينRULES OF NOON

SAKINAH AND TANWEEN

املد االصليNATURAL MADD

املد الفرعيDERIVED MADD

املتماثلني IDENTICAL

LETTERS

املتجانسني SAME PLACE OFARTICULATION

املتقاربني CLOSE PLACE OFARTICULATION

اإلظهار الشفويITH-HAAR SHAFAWI

اإلدغام الشفويIDGHAAM SHAFAWI

اإلخفاء الشفويIKHFAA SHAFAWI

اإلظهارITH-HAAR

اإلدغامIDGHAAM

اإلخفاءIKHFAA

اإلقالبIQLAAB

الم لفظ اجلاللةLAAM JALALAH

الم التعريفLAAM TA'RIF

الم القمريةLAAM

QAMARIYYAH

الم الشمسيةLAAM

SHAMSIYYAH

الم الفعلLAAM OF

VERB

أحكام احلروفTHE RULES OF LETTERS [Contd ...]

3

WAYS TO START RECITINGSURAHS

PERMITTED WAYSTO RECITE

READ ذالبسملة , التعوAND السورة

SEPARATELY

READ ذالبسملة , التعوAND السورة JOINTLY

READ ذالبسملة , التعوJOINTLY AND السورة

SEPARATELY

READ ذالتعو SEPARATELY.THEN البسملة AND السورة

JOINTLY

WAYS OF RECITING SURAHSCONTINUOUSLY

PERMITTED WAYSTO RECITE

READ CURRENT السورة,السورة AND NEXT البسملة

SEPARATELY

READ CURRENT السورةSEPARETELY. THEN البسملةAND NEXT السورة JOINTLY

READ CURRENT السورة,السورة AND NEXT البسملة

JOINTLY

WAY NOTPERMITTED TO

RECITE

READ CURRENT السورة,JOINTLY AND البسملة

NEXT السورةSEPARATELY

4

غفور رحيم,من لدنك

ـ,ن ـ ـ

NOON SAKINAH OR TANWEEN

اإلدغامIDGHAAM

اإلقالبIQLAAB

اإلخفاءIKHFAA

اإلظهارITH-HAAR

(READ CLEARLY)

ء ه ح خ ع غ

مع غنة(With Stress)

ي و م ن

(Assimilation of oneletter into another)

ي ر م ل و ن

(CONVERT ب TO م)

ب

(USE NOSE)

ت ث ج د ذ ز س ش ص ض ط ظ فق ك

بدون غنة(Without Stress)

ر ل

أحكام النون الساكنة والتنوينRULES FOR READING CHARACTERS THAT APPEAR AFTER NOON SAKINAH OR

TANWEEN

إدغام تامOR إدغام ناقصإدغام كامل

نل أميوسينأون, ر قوم جتهلون, لن تفعلوا خبيرا بصيرا, من بعد

هزوا ولعب, من وال كنلد من ,محير رغفو

Exceptions in Idghaam:1. Idghaam does not apply in one word [يس and ن ]

2. Idghaam does not apply if there is sakata between the wordsوقيل من راق

3. If و OR ي appears in same word after ن , Read clearly (إظهار)دنيا قنوان

يم Oيس قرأن الحك والقلم وما يسطرون O ن وال

5

مMEEM SAKINAH

إدغام شفويIDGHAAM SHAFAWI

إخفاء شفويIKHFAA SHAFAWI

إظهار شفويITH-HAAR SHAFAWI

(READ CLEARLY)

OTHER LETTERSEXCEPT م& ب

مع غنة(With Stress)

م

(USE NOSE, WITHSTRESS)

ب

أحكام حرف امليم الساكنةRULES FOR READING CHARACTERS THAT APPEAR AFTER MEEM SAKINAH

رت ألم بهم مهبر منهم من كلم اهللا

أحكام امليم والنون املشددتنيRULES OF NOON AND MEEM

SHADDAH

READ ن AND م WITH STRESS,EVEN WHILE STOPPING

For Noon Shaddah: اسالنة واجلن ان, منج

For Meem Shaddah: ا , ثملم

6

RULES FOR READING QALQALAH CHARACTERS THAT APPEAR WITHSUKUN: READ WITH ECHO SOUND

القلقلةQALQALAH

قطب جد

صغرى[WEAK ECHO]

IF ANYONE OF THE QALQALAHCHARACTERS WITH SUKUN APPEARS

IN THE MIDDLE OF A WORD

كربى[STRONG ECHO]

IF ANYONE OF THE QALQALAHCHARACTERS WITH SUKUN

APPEARS AT THE END OF A WORDAND WHEN WE STOP AT IT

ارمقد ثاقمي

7

أحكام اإلدغامRULES OF IDGHAAM

إدغامIDGHAAM

IF SUKUN IS FOLLOWEDBY - OR - OR -

متماثلنيMUTAMAATHILAIN

متقاربنيMUTAQARIBAIN

متجانسنيMUTAJANISAIN

IF THE SUKUN LETTERAND THE NEXT LETTERARE SAME

IF THE SUKUN LETTERAND THE NEXT LETTERARE DIFFERENT BUTWITH SAME ORIGIN

IF THE SUKUN LETTERAND THE NEXT LETTERARE DIFFERENT BUTWITH CLOSE-BY ORIGIN

إذ ذهب مغاضبا بقل ر وإذ ظلم

Exceptions in Idhgaam:There will be no merger1. If both identical letters are with harakah

عهممبس بذه

2. If both letters are letters of Madd [ و and ي ]هادوا والنصارى

3. If there is a sakata between two identical letters لكه هاليم

If the letters of Madd are Leen letters [ي and وpreceeded by fathah], then there will be a complete

merger without nasalization

بما عصوكانوا is pronounced as بما عصوا وكانوا

8

أحكام الراءRULES FOR READING 'RAA' DUE TO CHARACTERS OR HARAKAH THAT APPEAR

ON OR BEFORE OR AFTER IT

أحكام الراءRULES OF 'RAA'

تفخيم STRONG

ترقيقSOFT

BOTH TYPESTRONG &

SOFT

1. RAA WITH FATHAH OR DHAMMAH OR FATHATAIN ORDHAMMATAIN [ ر ر ر ر ]2. SAME AS 1ST POINT BUT WITH SHADDAH [ ر ر ر ر ]3. RAA WITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE IS EITHERWITH DHAMMAH OR FATHAH [ ـ ر ,ـ ر ]4. RAA WITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE IS WITHSUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE THAT IS WITH FATHAHOR DHAMMAH [ ـ ـ ر ,ـ ـ ر ]5. RAA WITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE IS WITHTRUE KASRAH AND THE LETTER AFTER RAA IS ANYONE OFTHESE CHARACTERS (خ ص ض غ ط ظ ق) CALLED AS حروف اإلستعالء6. RAA WITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE IS WITHTEMPORARY KASRAH [ ار ]

1. RAA WITH KASRAH OR KASRATAIN [ ر, ر ]

2. SAME AS 1ST POINT BUT WITH SHADDAH [ ر ,ر ]

3. RAA WITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE IS WITHKASRAH [ ـ ر ]

4. RAA WITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE IS WITHSUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE THAT IS WITHKASRAH [ ـ ـ ر ]

5. RAA WITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE IS يWITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE THAT IS WITHFATHAH [ ر ـ ي ]6. THE WORD جمرها

PREFER SOFT -- فرق .1

PREFER SOFT -- القطر .2

PREFER STRONG -- مصر .3

برق , سر , ربنا

رسالع , رقة , القدضى , فرتار

دري, رجال

ذرر , انر, حجيخ

9

أحكام حرف الالمRULES FOR READING LAAM

الم لفظ اجلاللةLAAM IN THE WORD اهللا

تفخيم STRONG

ـ اهللا OR ـ اهللا

IF FATHAH OR DHAMMAHAPPEARS BEFORE اهللا

ترقيق SOFT

ـ اهللا

IF KASRAH APPEARSBEFORE اهللا

LAAM IN WORDSOTHER THAN اهللا

ترقيق SOFT

الم الشمسيةLAAM SHAMSIYYAH

LAAM IS NOTPRONOUNCED

ت ث د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ل نب ج ح خ ع غ ف ق ك م و ه ي ء

الم القمريةLAAM QAMARIYYAH

LAAM ISPRONOUNCED

أراد اهللا,رفعه اهللا الحمد هللا, بسم اهللا

ملهاوم ,كله

والطور البصير

الم التعريفLAAM TA'RIF

READING LAAM WITH OTHERCHARACTERS

الم الفعلLAAM OF VERB

Pronounced as إظهار , if atthe beginning or middle of

the verb

Pronounced as إدغام , iffollowed by raa or laam

فئتين التقتا

جعلنا, قلنا

هفعل رب is pronouncedas هفعرب

Exception: No Idghaam ifthere is sakata

كال بل ران

10

أحكام األلفRULES FOR READING ALIF

READING ALIF

تفخيمSTRONG

ترقيقSOFT

IF ANYONE OF THE حروف اإلستعالءCHARACTERS (خ ص ض غ ط ظ ق)

APPEAR BEFORE ALIF, READALIF STRONGLY

IF CHARACTERS OTHERTHAN حروف اإلستعالء

CHARACTERS APPEARBEFORE ALIF, READ ALIF

SOFTLY

عصى عسى

11

أحكام املدRULES FOR READING MADD CHARACTERS [1]

ـ و, ـ ي ,ـ ا

RULES OF MADD

مد اصليNATURAL MADD

مد فرعيDERIVED MADD

1. MADD SHOULD NOT BEFOLLOWED BY SUKUN [ ـ ]OR HAMZAH [ء]2. READ AS ONE ALIF3. OTHER NAMES: 'JAATI'OR 'TABAYI'

MADD SHOULD BEFOLLOWED BY SUKUN

[ء] OR HAMZAH [ ـ ]

مد متصلMADD MUTTASIL

مد منفصلMADD MUNFASIL

مد الزمMADD LAAZIM

مد عارضMADD AARIDH

1.MADD IS FOLLOWEDBY HAMZAH IN SAMEWORD2. READ AS 4 TO 5 ALIF3. OTHER NAME: 'MADDWAJIB'

1. MADD IS FOLLOWED BYHAMZAH IN DIFFERENTWORD2. READ AS 2 TO 4 ALIF3. OTHER NAME: 'MADDJAIZ'

1. MADD IS FOLLOWEDBY SUKUN ASLI [REALSUKUN]2. READ AS 3 TO 5 ALIF

1. MADD IS FOLLOWEDBY TEMPORARY SUKUN2. READ AS ANYONE OFTHREE TYPES [Refer nextpage]

اوتينا

شاء قالوا انها Contd ...

مد بدلMADD BADAL

مد عوضMADD IWADH

MADD LETTER ISPRECEEDED BY

HAMZAH

ALIF REPLACESFATHATAIN WHENONE STOPS ON IT

نإميان , آم , تياو أفواجا IS READ AS أفواجا

12

أحكام املدRULES FOR READING MADD CHARACTERS [2]

مد الزمMADD LAAZIM

مد عارضMADD AARIDH

READING IN ANYONE TYPE ISOUR CHOICE [BE CONSISTENT]

كلمى مثقلKALIMA MUTHAQQAL

كلمى خمففKALIMA MUKHAFFAF

حرىف مثقلHARFI MUTHAQQAL

حرىف خمففHARFI MUKHAFFAF

SHADDAH APPEARSAFTER مد IN ONE WORD

-مد

SUKUN APPEARSAFTER مد IN ONE WORD

-مد

SHADDAH APPEARS ON مدIN ONE CHARACTER

SUKUN APPEARS ON مدIN ONE CHARACTER

قصرQASR

READ AS ONE ALIF

توسط TAWASSUT

READ AS 2 OR 3 ALIF

طولTOOL

READ AS 5 ALIF

Exception: The word امل in سورة ال عمرانcan be read with or without مد

دابة الئن ONLY PLACE

طسم ص

CHANGE نوفلحم TO نوفلحم

13

أحكام حروف لنيRULES OF HURUF LEEN

حروف لنيHURUF LEEN

ـ و,ـ ي

مد لني الزمMADD LEEN

LAAZIM

1. HURUF LEEN IS FOLLOWEDBY TRUE SUKUN2. READ AS قصر OR توسط OR طول.BUT طول IS BETTER

مد لني عارضMADD LEEN

AARIDH

1. HURUF LEEN IS FOLLOWEDBY TEMPORARY SUKUN2. READ AS قصر OR توسط OR طول

نون قطينNOON QUTNI

IF SUKUN APPEARS AFTERTANWEEN, THEN:

1. CHANGE TANWEEN TO KASRAH2. ADD A NOON WITH KASRAH

BETWEEN THEM

Exception:1. IF WE STOP AT TANWEEN,THERE IS NO NOON QUTNI

2. IN سورة اإلخالص , STOPPING ISBETTER

ONLY TWO PLACESعسق,كهيعص

بيت, موت

ة ن الذيزلم

14

أحكام الصلةRULES OF SILAH

SILAH MEANS READING هELONGATEDLY LIKE مد

صلة بالياءSILAH BIL YAH

IF KASRAH COMESBEFORE ه , READ

LIKE ي OF مد

صلة بالواوSILAH BIL WAV

IF FATHAH ORDHAMMAH COMES

BEFORE ه , READ LIKE وOF مد

Exception: DHAMMAH APPEARS ON هINSTEAD OF KASRAH

انيهسوما أن IN SURAH كهف

فتح IN SURAH عليه اهللا

Exception: SUKUN APPEARSON ه INSTEAD OF KASRAH

أرجه IN SURAH أعراف فألقه IN SURAH منل

Exception: NO صلة BECAUSE THEYARE NOT ه BUT PART OF THE

WORD ITSELF

هود IN SURAH نفقه مؤمنون IN SURAH فواكهمرمي IN SURAH مل تنته

هعبه م

Exception: IF ي WITH SUKUN APPEARSBEFORE ه , READ ه WITH KASRAH

ONLY AND WITHOUT ELONGATION

فيه

BUT READ اانهه مفي WITHELONGATION

Exception: IFANYTHING EXCEPT يWITH SUKUN APPEARS BEFORE ه ,

READ ه WITH DHAMMAH

همن

GENERAL RULE: IF A LETTER WITH SUKUN APPEARS BEFORE ه, THEN WE WON'T READELONGATEDLY

Exception: DHAMMAH OFIS NOT LENGTHENED ه

لكم هضرا يوكرشإن توIN SURAH الزمر

Exception: IF مل APPEARSBEFORE فعل, THEN ي AT THE

END WILL BE REMOVED.SO, THERE IS NO

ELONGATION

مل ينته IS READ AS مل ينتهي

15

أحكام اهلمزةRULES OF HAMZAH

RULES OF HAMZAH

مهزة وصلHAMZAH WASL

مهزة قطعHAMZAH QATH

1. IF A WORD STARTS WITH SUKUN, WEADD A HAMZAH TO IT

2. THIS HAMZAH IS TEMPORARY HAMZAH3. IF THIS HAMZAH APPEARS BETWEEN

TWO WORDS, THEN IT WILL NOT BE READ

1. THIS HAMZAH IS PART OF THEWORD

2. IF THIS HAMZAH APPEARSBETWEEN TWO WORDS, IT WILL BE

READ

فاطلب مهتذرءان

IF فعل BEGINS WITH مهزة وصل ANDTHIRD LETTER OF THE WORD ISDHAMMAH, THEN DHAMMAH IS

GIVEN TO HAMZAH

IF فعل BEGINS WITH مهزة وصلAND THIRD LETTER OF THE

WORD IS FATHAH ORKASRAH, THEN KASRAH IS

GIVEN TO HAMZAH

IF THE WORD BEGINS WITHDEFINITE ARTICLE ال , THEN

FATHAH IS GIVEN TOHAMZAH

ظران is read as ظران حافت is read as حافت

املال is read as املال

الذي is read as الذي

IF اسم BEGINS WITHTHEN , مهزة وصل

KASRAH IS GIVENTO HAMZAH

فطاران ارتشان نن ابيتنات

اسم اثنين امراة ابنة

16

AMONG TWO WORDS, IF THEFIRST WORD ENDS WITHSUKUN AND THE SECOND

WORD STARTS WITH SUKUN

IF THE LETTER WITHSUKUN IN THE FIRST

WORD IS A MADDLETTER, THIS MADDLETTER IS REMOVED

دما الحقالوو

IF THE LETTER WITHSUKUN IN THE FIRST

WORD IS NOT A MADDLETTER, THEN READ مOR و WITH DHAMMAH

اشترو الضللة

IF THE LETTER WITHSUKUN IN THE FIRSTWORD IS ن FROM من[ZAR], READ THE ن

WITH FATHAH

من اهللا

IF THE LETTER WITH SUKUNIN THE FIRST WORD IS NOT

MADD AND NOT ن FROM من[ZAR], THEN READ THE

SUKUN LETTER WITHKASRAH

قم الليل

EXCEPTION:SHOULD سورة ال عمران IN امل اهللاBE READ WITH FATHAH

17

أحكام الوقفRULES OF STOPPING

RULES FOR ENDING ASENTENCE

CHANGE FATHAH ORDHAMMAH OR KASRAHOR DHAMMATAIN OR

KASRATAIN TO SUKUN

CHANGE FATHATAINTO ALIF CHANGE ة TO ه

NOTATIONS IN HOLYQURAN

MUST STOP

O or ه or م or طor سكة or وقفه

MUST NOTSTOP

ال

PREFERREDTO STOP

قف

PREFERREDNON-STOP

ز-ج or ز or ق orصل or صلى

STOP ANDNON-STOPARE SAME

ال] or ص or جabove O or ه]

1. STOP AT ONE :.AND NOT ATANOTHER :.2. DIFFERENTOPINION PERSISTSFOR فال

وقف منجل STOPPED AT جربيل عليه السالم .12. PREFER STOPPING ATوقف غفران3. PREFER NON-STOP ATوقف كفران

STOP نستعني AS نستعني

STOP محير بر من AS محير بر من

STOP ااحد AS ااحد STOP لوةالص AS لوهالص

OBSERVE ASPREVIOUSSYMBOL INTHE AAYAH

ك

GENERAL RULE:1. WE MUST STOP AT م . IF NOT, THEN THE MEANING WILL CHANGE.

2. FOR NOTATIONS OTHER THAN م: IF YOU ARE NOT ABLE TO READ CONTINUOUSLY,YOU CAN STOP AT ANY PLACE. BUT WHILE CONTINUING, WE SHOULD REPEAT ONE OR

TWO WORDS PRECEEDING THE PLACE AT WHICH WE STOPPED.

18

أحكام سكتة RULES OF SAKTA

SAKTA: STOP THE SOUND BUTDON'T BREAK THE BREATH

كهف IN SURAH عوجا

يس IN SURAH من مرقدنا

قيامة IN SURAH قيل من

تتفيف IN SURAH كال بل

ACCORDING TO SOMESCHOLARS

لكه هاليم IN SURAH احلاقة

GENERAL RULE: THERE IS NO SAKTAAT THE POINT OF STOPPING

19

خمارج احلروفTHE PLACES OF ARTICULATION

احلروف احلايفMOLAR

CONSONANT

ض

احلروف الشجريةPALATAL

CONSONANTS

ج ش ي

احلرفان اللهويانUVULAR

CONSONANTS

ك ق

احلروف الشفويةLABIAL (LIP)

CONSONANTS

ب ف م و

احلروف األسليةINTER-DENTALCONSONANTS

ز س ص

احلروف اللثويةALVEO-DENTAL

CONSONANTS

ث ذ ظ

احلروف النطعيةDENTAL

CONSONANTS

ت د ط

احلروف الذلقيةALVEOLAR

CONSONANTS

ل ر ن

احلروف احللقيةPHARYNGEAL

(THROAT)CONSONANTS

أدىن احللقLOWER THROAT

خ غ

وسط احللقMIDDLE THROAT

ح ع

أقصى احللقUPPER THROAT

ء ه

اخليشومNASAL CAVITY

(NASALIZATION)

م ن

جوف الفمORAL CAVITY

(VOWELS)

ا و ي

خمارج احلروفTHE PLACES OF ARTICULATION

20

21