“take care” to: process and protect them properly philip w. widel dvm technical services...
TRANSCRIPT
““Take Care”Take Care”To: To:
Process and Protect Them ProperlyProcess and Protect Them Properly
Philip W. Widel DVMPhilip W. Widel DVM
Technical Services VeterinarianTechnical Services Veterinarian
Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc.Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc.
Process and ProtectProcess and Protect
• Our goals should be to process in a manner to minimize tissue (carcass) damage while providing maximum protection from the products we use
To Understand Protection Is to To Understand Protection Is to Understand Immunity to Understand Immunity to
DiseaseDisease
• Immunity– Ability to protect against specific diseases by
producing antibodies and cellular immunity against those disease organisms
Protective LevelProtective Level
• A relative term.
• The level of immunity to protect will
depend upon the severity of the
challenge.
How Immunization OccursHow Immunization Occurs
• By natural exposure - disease
occurrence
• By vaccination with biological product
• By transfer of passive immunity in
colostrum or antiserum (temporary)
Objectives of VaccinationObjectives of Vaccination
• Individual protection, herd immunity and bio-security
• Reduce reproductive losses
• Improve performance
• Program participation - requirements to increase value and marketability
KEY DEFINITIONSKEY DEFINITIONS
• Vaccination – application of a vaccine
• Immunization
–the process of making immune
Effect of Increased ChallengeEffect of Increased Challenge
Time
Resistance
ChallengeLevels
Disease Symptoms
Effect of Declining ImmunityEffect of Declining Immunity
Time
Resistance
Challenge
LevelsDisease Symptoms
Goal of Vaccination ProgramGoal of Vaccination Program
Time
Resistance
ChallengeLevels
Increased Resistance ThroughProper Vaccination and Booster
Further ConsiderationsFurther Considerations
• Ability of Animal to Properly Respond to Vaccination:– Age and Maternal
Interference– Response Levels– Stress– Nutrition– Parasitism
• Vaccine considerations:
– Modified Live– Killed– Proper Booster
Vaccinations– Storage, Preparation
and Administration
Additive StressAdditive Stress
ImmunityImmunity
WeanWean
TransportTransport
DietDietChangeChange
ProcessProcess
WeatherWeather
ChallengeChallenge
Vaccine ConsiderationsVaccine Considerations
• Modified Live Viral Products
• Killed Viral Products
• Proper Boostering of Vaccinations
Types of Vaccines UsedTypes of Vaccines Used
• Killed or inactivated– Includes killed or inactivated viruses,
bacterins, and toxoids
Killed Virus Vaccine Killed Virus Vaccine AdvantagesAdvantages
• Safe in pregnant animals
• Labeled for use in calves nursing pregnant cows
• Handling considerations– No mixing – Stable
Killed Virus Vaccine Killed Virus Vaccine DisadvantagesDisadvantages
• Require an adjuvant• Injection site reactions• Less cell mediated immunity (cytototoxic T
cells)• Slower immune system response • Require multiple doses
– 1st dose = primes/sensitizes– 2nd dose = immunizes
• Hypersensitivity risk
Immune Response Following Immune Response Following Vaccination (KV)Vaccination (KV)
Time
InitialVaccination
Protective Level
Stimulation of Immunity with a Stimulation of Immunity with a Killed ProductKilled Product
Time
InitialVaccination
Booster
Protective Level
Immune Response Following Immune Response Following VaccinationVaccination
Time
InitialVaccination
Protective Level
Dose AdministeredMonths Later
The Need for BoostersThe Need for Boosters
• Most bacterins and clostridials also need to be properly boostered.
• Adjuvants can make a difference in the need to booster.
MLV Vaccine AdvantagesMLV Vaccine Advantages• Rapid, longer-lasting protection• Stimulate antibody and cell mediated
immunity• Stimulate interferon production• Stimulate immune response more similar to
natural infection• Less expensive• Less irritation - no adjuvant - smaller dose
MLV vaccinesMLV vaccines
• One dose starts initial immune system stimulation. Organism continues to grow (replicate) so that stimulation of the immune system is continued until a level of immunity is created that can overwhelm and destroy the organism.
MLV Vaccine DisadvantagesMLV Vaccine Disadvantages
• Immunosuppression (stress) -- BVD primarily
• Handling considerations– UV light, temperature, mixing, storage
• May revert to virulent state (rare!!!!)• Label precautions with pregnancy
Storage, Preparation and Storage, Preparation and AdministrationAdministration
• Follow label instructions.
• Avoid heat, freezing temperatures and sunlight.
• Avoid disinfectants with MLV products.
• Administer SQ or IM as labeled and in accordance with BQA principles.
Successful Immunization Successful Immunization RequiresRequires
• Health susceptible animal
• Proper administration
• Safe, viable and potent vaccine
NotNot• Whenever we can catch the cows
• After we finish harvest
• The next rainy day
• When the kids and the neighbors are available to help
CONSIDER AN ADULT COW CYCLE CONSIDER AN ADULT COW CYCLE 60 DAY BREEDING SEASON60 DAY BREEDING SEASON
Preg Check
NCBA recommends that all NCBA recommends that all injections whether injections whether subcutaneous or subcutaneous or
intramuscular be made in front intramuscular be made in front of the shoulder.of the shoulder.
Calf was slaughtered over a year after being vaccinated intramuscularly at branding time.
Study run by Colorado State University.
Subcutaneous Injection “Knots” Subcutaneous Injection “Knots” Should Not Be A Pricing IssueShould Not Be A Pricing Issue
• Are not a defect to the hide, carcass, or other salable product
• Are of no concern to the health and quality of the animal
• Indicates that the animal has been vaccinated, (a practice to be encouraged) and that the vaccination response has not been impeded
• And, SHOULD NOT be a point for pricing discount of the cattle
Subcutaneous Injection “Knots” Subcutaneous Injection “Knots” Should Not Be A Pricing IssueShould Not Be A Pricing Issue
The NCBA Beef Quality Assurance Task Force encourages all individuals buying feeder and/or finished cattle to make every effort to see that any such surface vaccine blemishes (knots) are NOT noted as a value discounting issue.
The The “Not My Problem” “Not My Problem” Syndrome Will Not Fix Syndrome Will Not Fix
the Injection-Site the Injection-Site Lesion ProblemLesion Problem
Every Cattleman, Veterinarian and Every Cattleman, Veterinarian and
Drug/ Vaccine ManufacturerDrug/ Vaccine Manufacturer
Has a ResponsibilityHas a Responsibility