Take Note:Take Note:

Carl JungCarl Jung

Collective Collective UnconsciousUnconscious

ArchetypesArchetypes

Joseph CampbellJoseph Campbell

MonomythMonomyth

Hero’s Journey (HJ)Hero’s Journey (HJ)

3 Phases of HJ3 Phases of HJ

12 Steps of HJ12 Steps of HJ

additional Archetypes additional Archetypes specific to HJspecific to HJ

All these terms are All these terms are “testable” items for “testable” items for upcoming assessmentupcoming assessment

Carl JungCarl JungSwiss psychologist and Swiss psychologist and

psychiatristpsychiatrist –contemporary of –contemporary of Sigmund Freud—whose Sigmund Freud—whose study of study of

the human mind led him to the human mind led him to define define the the collective collective

unconsciousnessunconsciousness

Carl JungCarl JungSwiss psychologist and Swiss psychologist and

psychiatristpsychiatrist –contemporary of –contemporary of Sigmund Freud—whose Sigmund Freud—whose study of study of

the human mind led him to the human mind led him to define define the the collective collective

unconsciousnessunconsciousness

Just as the human body Just as the human body shows a shows a common anatomycommon anatomy over and above over and above all racial all racial differencesdifferences, so, too, the , so, too, the

human psyche possesses a human psyche possesses a common substratumcommon substratum

transcending all differences transcending all differences in in cultureculture and and

consciousnessconsciousness..

Just as the human body Just as the human body shows a shows a common anatomycommon anatomy over and above over and above all racial all racial differencesdifferences, so, too, the , so, too, the

human psyche possesses a human psyche possesses a common substratumcommon substratum

transcending all differences transcending all differences in in cultureculture and and

consciousnessconsciousness..

I have called this I have called this substratum the substratum the

collective collective unconsciousunconscious, … , … [which holds the [which holds the

mental record of mental record of common human common human

experiencesexperiences].].

I have called this I have called this substratum the substratum the

collective collective unconsciousunconscious, … , … [which holds the [which holds the

mental record of mental record of common human common human

experiencesexperiences].].

Just as everyone Just as everyone has two arms and has two arms and two legs, so too two legs, so too does everyone does everyone

share share

common common ideasideas for stories for stories and the characters and the characters who populate the who populate the

tales.tales.

ArchetypesArchetypesThe manifestation of the collective unconscious The manifestation of the collective unconscious ==

Characters, Symbols, Situations Characters, Symbols, Situations that reoccur in literature across time that reoccur in literature across time

and spaceand space

Joseph CampbellJoseph Campbell

Scholar and Scholar and mythologistmythologist

Studied Jung’s Studied Jung’s workwork

Established Established “monomyth” = “monomyth” = Hero’s JourneyHero’s Journey

Author of . . .Author of . . .

“ “ A hero ventures forth from the world of A hero ventures forth from the world of common day into a region of supernatural common day into a region of supernatural

wonder; fabulous forces are there wonder; fabulous forces are there encountered and a decisive victory is won; encountered and a decisive victory is won; the hero comes back from this mysterious the hero comes back from this mysterious

adventure with the power to bestow boons on adventure with the power to bestow boons on his fellow man.”his fellow man.”

Joseph CampbellJoseph CampbellThe Hero With a Thousand Faces, p. 30The Hero With a Thousand Faces, p. 30

The Hero with a Thousand The Hero with a Thousand FacesFaces

The book . . .The book . . .

–outlines the shared plot of outlines the shared plot of myths across culturesmyths across cultures

–highlights the archetypes highlights the archetypes

““Heroes on a Journey”Heroes on a Journey”Discovering whatDiscovering what

Harry Potter, Neo, Harry Potter, Neo,

Luke Skywalker, Luke Skywalker,

Frodo Baggins, Frodo Baggins,

and Perseus and Perseus

share.share.

The Hero’s JourneyThe Hero’s JourneyThe Quote: “All stories consist of a few common The Quote: “All stories consist of a few common structural elements found universally in myths, structural elements found universally in myths, fairy tales, dreams and movies". fairy tales, dreams and movies".

The Premise: Characters frequently pass through The Premise: Characters frequently pass through 12 stages as they transform into heroes.12 stages as they transform into heroes.

The Primary Source: The Primary Source: The Hero with a Thousand The Hero with a Thousand Faces Faces by Joseph Campbell and by Joseph Campbell andThe Writer’s The Writer’s JourneyJourney by Christopher Vogler by Christopher Vogler

The Application/Extension: Heroes live around us The Application/Extension: Heroes live around us and within us.and within us.

12 Steps 12 Steps make amake a Hero Hero

1.1. Ordinary WorldOrdinary World2.2. Call to AdventureCall to Adventure3.3. Refusal of CallRefusal of Call4.4. Meeting the Meeting the

MentorMentor5.5. Crossing the Crossing the

ThresholdThreshold6.6. Test, Allies, & Test, Allies, &

EnemiesEnemies

7. 7. Approach the Approach the Inmost CaveInmost Cave

8. 8. the Ordealthe Ordeal9. 9. RewardReward10. 10. Road BackRoad Back11. 11. ResurrectionResurrection12. 12. Return with ElixirReturn with Elixir

I. Departure/I. Departure/separationseparation

1.1. Ordinary WorldOrdinary World

2.2. Call to AdventureCall to Adventure

3.3. Refusal of CallRefusal of Call

4.4. Meeting the MentorMeeting the Mentor

II. II. descent/descent/Transformation/Transformation/initiationinitiation

55. Crossing the Threshold. Crossing the Threshold

66. Test, Allies, & Enemies. Test, Allies, & Enemies

7. 7. Approach the Inmost CaveApproach the Inmost Cave

8. 8. the Ordealthe Ordeal

9. 9. RewardReward

10. 10. Road BackRoad Back

III. Return/III. Return/revelationrevelation

11. 11. ResurrectionResurrection

12. 12. Return with ElixirReturn with Elixir

Audience Audience meets the Hero meets the Hero in the Ordinary in the Ordinary WorldWorld

Step 1Step 1

1. The Ordinary World1. The Ordinary World

The normal, ordinary, predictable world of The normal, ordinary, predictable world of the hero; everyday life.the hero; everyday life.

Could be a place of security, calm, peace, Could be a place of security, calm, peace, or a place of suffering, boredom, anguish.or a place of suffering, boredom, anguish.

(Often the hero’s birth or ancestry are (Often the hero’s birth or ancestry are mysterious or noble; there’s something mysterious or noble; there’s something extraordinaryextraordinary about this guy.) about this guy.)

The Ordinary WorldThe Ordinary World

Perseus grows up on quiet, little island.Perseus grows up on quiet, little island.Luke grows up on a quiet, little moisture farm.Luke grows up on a quiet, little moisture farm.Harry lives in a closet on Privet Drive.Harry lives in a closet on Privet Drive.Neo works in a mundane, dull office building.Neo works in a mundane, dull office building.Frodo lives a life of ease in the Shire.Frodo lives a life of ease in the Shire.

The Hero The Hero receives the Call receives the Call to Adventure, a to Adventure, a challenge, a challenge, a quest, or a quest, or a problem that problem that must be solvedmust be solved

Step 2Step 2

2. The Call to Adventure2. The Call to Adventure

A challenge, problem, temptation, earth-shattering A challenge, problem, temptation, earth-shattering revelation, or traumatic event.revelation, or traumatic event.

Internal—Internal—feeling of discontent, Hero is unsettled, something is missing, he doesn’t fit in

External--hExternal--hero receives a message, someone comes to get him, the phone rings, something is taken from him

The call [is] a … moment, of The call [is] a … moment, of spiritual passagespiritual passage, which, when , which, when complete, amounts to complete, amounts to a dying a dying

and birthand birth. The familiar life . The familiar life horizon has been outgrown; the horizon has been outgrown; the

old concepts, ideals, and old concepts, ideals, and emotional patterns emotional patterns no longer fitno longer fit; ;

the time for the the time for the passing of a passing of a thresholdthreshold is at hand. is at hand.

The call [is] a … moment, of The call [is] a … moment, of spiritual passagespiritual passage, which, when , which, when complete, amounts to complete, amounts to a dying a dying

and birthand birth. The familiar life . The familiar life horizon has been outgrown; the horizon has been outgrown; the

old concepts, ideals, and old concepts, ideals, and emotional patterns emotional patterns no longer fitno longer fit; ;

the time for the the time for the passing of a passing of a thresholdthreshold is at hand. is at hand.

Campbell says this about the Campbell says this about the call call to adventureto adventure::Campbell says this about the Campbell says this about the call call to adventureto adventure::

The Call To AdventureThe Call To AdventurePerseus is challenged to Perseus is challenged to kill Medusa by Polydectes.kill Medusa by Polydectes.

Artoo reveals part of Leia’s Artoo reveals part of Leia’s message to Luke; Ben message to Luke; Ben urges him to join the urges him to join the rebellion. rebellion.

Harry is invited to attend Harry is invited to attend Hogwart’s School.Hogwart’s School.

Neo is given a message to Neo is given a message to “follow the White Rabbit.”“follow the White Rabbit.”

Gandalf reveals the secrets Gandalf reveals the secrets of Bilbo’s ring to Frodo.of Bilbo’s ring to Frodo.

Hero expresses Hero expresses fear/unwillingness fear/unwillingness and is Reluctant and is Reluctant or Refuses the or Refuses the CallCall

Step 3Step 3

3. Refusal of the Call3. Refusal of the Call

The Reluctant Hero.The Reluctant Hero.

““I can’t,’ “Leave me out of it,” “Not me,” I can’t,’ “Leave me out of it,” “Not me,” “Not now.”“Not now.”

The character is reluctant, disbelieving, The character is reluctant, disbelieving, fearful.fearful.

Refusal of the CallRefusal of the Call

Perseus distresses over Perseus distresses over where to go and how to where to go and how to get there.get there.Owen plays on Luke’s Owen plays on Luke’s guilt to keep him on the guilt to keep him on the farm.farm.Uncle Vernon prevents Uncle Vernon prevents Harry from leaving.Harry from leaving.Neo resists accepting Neo resists accepting the truth about reality the truth about reality and his destiny.and his destiny.Frodo wishes someone Frodo wishes someone else would deal with the else would deal with the Ring, offers it to Gandalf.Ring, offers it to Gandalf.

A meeting with A meeting with Mentor provides Mentor provides encouragement, encouragement, wisdom or wisdom or magical gifts to magical gifts to push the Hero push the Hero past fear and past fear and doubtdoubt

Step 4Step 4

4. Meeting the Mentor4. Meeting the Mentor

aid from a protective figure

supernatural helper can take a wide variety of forms: wizard, old man, dwarf, crone, fairy godmother

commonly gives the hero a protective amulet or weapon for the journey

*talisman *magic weapon

Campbell says this about Campbell says this about supernatural aidsupernatural aid::Campbell says this about Campbell says this about supernatural aidsupernatural aid::

For those who have For those who have notnot refused the call, the refused the call, the first first encounterencounter … is with a … is with a

protective figureprotective figure … who … who provides the adventurer provides the adventurer with with amuletsamulets against the against the

dragon forcesdragon forces he is about he is about to pass.to pass.

Meeting the MentorMeeting the MentorAthena & Hermes aid Athena & Hermes aid Perseus.Perseus.

Merlin aids Arthur. Merlin aids Arthur.

Ben Kenobi aids Luke.Ben Kenobi aids Luke.

Dumbledore aids Harry.Dumbledore aids Harry.

Morpheus aids Neo.Morpheus aids Neo.

Gandalf aids FrodoGandalf aids Frodo

The character The character commits; he steps commits; he steps into the into the adventure, the adventure, the story begins; he story begins; he leaves the leaves the ordinary world and ordinary world and enters the special enters the special world.world.

Step 5Step 5

5. Crossing the First Threshold5. Crossing the First Threshold

Hero encounters the Hero encounters the Threshold GuardianThreshold Guardian– Blocks the path~ Hero is not readyBlocks the path~ Hero is not ready

OROR

--Points the way~ Hero enters the “Other” world--Points the way~ Hero enters the “Other” world

Once through—no turning backOnce through—no turning back

Campbell says this about the Campbell says this about the crossing of the first thresholdcrossing of the first threshold::Campbell says this about the Campbell says this about the crossing of the first thresholdcrossing of the first threshold::

The hero goes forward The hero goes forward in his adventure until he in his adventure until he

comes to … the comes to … the entrance zone of entrance zone of magnified power.magnified power.

Beyond … is Beyond … is darknessdarkness, , the the unknownunknown, and , and

dangerdanger..

Crossing the First ThresholdCrossing the First ThresholdPerseus dons the sandals, helmet, sword Perseus dons the sandals, helmet, sword and shield and leaves Sephiros to find and shield and leaves Sephiros to find Medusa. Medusa.

Luke leaves his farm (recently destroyed) Luke leaves his farm (recently destroyed) and Tatooine.and Tatooine.

Harry boards the Hogwart’s Express.Harry boards the Hogwart’s Express.

Neo chooses the red pill (not the blue one). Neo chooses the red pill (not the blue one).

Frodo leaves the Shire; volunteers to take Frodo leaves the Shire; volunteers to take the Ring to Mordor.the Ring to Mordor.

The hero The hero investigates the new investigates the new world, learns, meets world, learns, meets friends, encounters friends, encounters enemies, develops enemies, develops strength, courage, strength, courage, and other honorable and other honorable traits through tests traits through tests and trials.and trials.

Step 6Step 6

6. Tests, Allies & Enemies6. Tests, Allies & Enemies

various ARCHETYPES various ARCHETYPES aboundabound

– temptresstemptress– loyal companionloyal companion– white goddesswhite goddess– evil figure w/ god evil figure w/ god

heartheart– earth motherearth mother– shadowshadow– damsel in distressdamsel in distress

each successful test proves the Hero's ability and advances the journey toward its climax

Campbell says this about the Campbell says this about the road road of trialsof trials::Campbell says this about the Campbell says this about the road road of trialsof trials::

Once having Once having traversed the traversed the threshold, the threshold, the hero … must hero … must

survivesurvive a a succession of succession of

trialstrials..

Tests, Allies, and EnemiesTests, Allies, and Enemies

Perseus outsmarts the gray sisters.Perseus outsmarts the gray sisters.

Luke encounters rascals in the Mos Eisley cantina and Luke encounters rascals in the Mos Eisley cantina and trains with Ben aboard the Falcon.trains with Ben aboard the Falcon.

Harry meets friends and foes at Hogwart’s.Harry meets friends and foes at Hogwart’s.

Neo trains with Morpheus aboard the Nebuchanezzar.Neo trains with Morpheus aboard the Nebuchanezzar.

Frodo travels east, evading Ringwraiths, Orcs, and Frodo travels east, evading Ringwraiths, Orcs, and other bogies and baddies.other bogies and baddies.

Danger Danger approaches, approaches, caution is needed, caution is needed, tension builds: tension builds: clarity blurs clarity blurs between friend between friend and foe, duty and and foe, duty and desire, good and desire, good and evil.evil.

Step 7Step 7

7. Approach Inmost Cave7. Approach Inmost Cave

Belly of the WhaleBelly of the Whale– early obstacle that takes Hero to lowest, early obstacle that takes Hero to lowest,

darkest pointdarkest point– considers giving upconsiders giving up

Approach to the Innermost CaveApproach to the Innermost CavePerseus lands on Medusa’s isle.Perseus lands on Medusa’s isle.Luke enters the Death Star.Luke enters the Death Star.Harry enters the Forbidden Forest.Harry enters the Forbidden Forest.Neo re-enters the Matrix.Neo re-enters the Matrix.Frodo enters Shelob’s Lair.Frodo enters Shelob’s Lair.

All hope is lost;All hope is lost;

A time of darkness A time of darkness and uncertainty.and uncertainty.

Step 8Step 8

8. Supreme Ordeal8. Supreme Ordeal

also known as the Abyssalso known as the Abyss

the climax—will the hero survive?!the climax—will the hero survive?!

the big fight scenethe big fight scene

the toughest obstacle (internal/external)the toughest obstacle (internal/external)

The Supreme OrdealThe Supreme OrdealMedusa awakens!Medusa awakens!

Luke is trapped in the trash compactor.Luke is trapped in the trash compactor.

His scar burning, Harry collapses in His scar burning, Harry collapses in agony before Valdemort.agony before Valdemort.

Neo is betrayed by Cipher and Neo is betrayed by Cipher and “trapped” in the Matrix.“trapped” in the Matrix.

Frodo collapses having been betrayed Frodo collapses having been betrayed by Gollum and poisoned by Shelob.by Gollum and poisoned by Shelob.

The hero enjoys The hero enjoys the Reward of the Reward of having having confronted fear confronted fear and deathand death

Step 9Step 9

9. Reward: 9. Reward: Seizing the SwordSeizing the Sword

specific to Herospecific to Hero– may be great knowledge may be great knowledge – reconciliation with lover reconciliation with lover – tangible item (magical sword, Holy Grail)tangible item (magical sword, Holy Grail)

a moment to celebratea moment to celebrate

Reward: Seizing the SwordReward: Seizing the SwordPerseus slays Medusa.Perseus slays Medusa.Luke rescues Leia, finds the secret plans, Luke rescues Leia, finds the secret plans, and escapes from the Death Star.and escapes from the Death Star.Harry solves the puzzles surrounding the Harry solves the puzzles surrounding the Sorceror’s Stone.Sorceror’s Stone.Neo rescues Morpheus.Neo rescues Morpheus.Frodo destroys the Ring at Mt. Doom.Frodo destroys the Ring at Mt. Doom.

Oh no! The Oh no! The character got character got comfortable too comfortable too soon. Final - soon. Final - perhaps fatal - perhaps fatal - stumbling blocks stumbling blocks and obstacles arise and obstacles arise to challenge the to challenge the character.character.

Step 10Step 10

10. Road Back10. Road Back

Refusal of returnRefusal of return– doesn’t want to leavedoesn’t want to leave

Magic Flight/PursuitMagic Flight/Pursuit– chased outchased out– trying to escapetrying to escape

Rescue from WithoutRescue from Without– moment of hopelessnessmoment of hopelessness– rescuer steps inrescuer steps in

The Road BackThe Road BackThe Kraken The Kraken threatens threatens Andromeda’s life.Andromeda’s life.Darth Vader kills Darth Vader kills Ben Kenobi.Ben Kenobi.Ron is disabled, Ron is disabled, Hermione leaves… Hermione leaves… Harry confronts Harry confronts Voldemort alone.Voldemort alone.Neo tries to escape Neo tries to escape from Agent Smith from Agent Smith but is killed.but is killed.Frodo discovers the Frodo discovers the Shire is in ruins and Shire is in ruins and ruled by Saruman.ruled by Saruman.

Purifies, redeems, Purifies, redeems, and transforms and transforms the Hero on the the Hero on the Threshold homeThreshold home

Step 11Step 11

11. Resurrection11. Resurrection

Hero “reborn”… “transformed”Hero “reborn”… “transformed”

bigger…better… bigger…better… badderbadder

The second, ultimate, now-or-never, do-or-The second, ultimate, now-or-never, do-or-die confrontation; the character’s last die confrontation; the character’s last chance to overcome the odds.chance to overcome the odds.

ResurrectionResurrectionPerseus defeats the Kraken, saving Perseus defeats the Kraken, saving Andromeda.Andromeda.Luke destroys the Death Star.Luke destroys the Death Star.The magic of his scar protecting him, The magic of his scar protecting him, Harry defeats Valdemort and Harry defeats Valdemort and recovers the Sorceror’s Stone.recovers the Sorceror’s Stone.Neo, after being reborn with a kiss Neo, after being reborn with a kiss from Trinity, defeats Agent Smith.from Trinity, defeats Agent Smith.Frodo expels Saruman, liberating and Frodo expels Saruman, liberating and restoring the Shire.restoring the Shire.

Ahhh! Good Ahhh! Good triumphs over triumphs over evil, love saves evil, love saves the day, the hero the day, the hero returns home in returns home in triumph and all triumph and all live happily ever live happily ever after.after.

Step 12Step 12

12. Return with Elixir12. Return with Elixir

• Elixir = Boon (gift to share with others)Elixir = Boon (gift to share with others)• Purpose of journey– Purpose of journey–

• How will Hero’s return benefit How will Hero’s return benefit society?society?

Return with the ElixirReturn with the Elixir

Perseus worthy and tested leader.Perseus worthy and tested leader.Luke brings peace and security to land.Luke brings peace and security to land.Harry saves the day (for now).Harry saves the day (for now).Neo accepts and relishes his role as the Neo accepts and relishes his role as the Chosen One—leads with confidence. Chosen One—leads with confidence. Frodo protects the Shire.Frodo protects the Shire.

additionaladditional Terms Terms

Slay the DragonSlay the Dragon– defeat enemy; conquer fear; overcome obstacledefeat enemy; conquer fear; overcome obstacle

AtoneAtonementment– ““at one” at one” – internal turmoil calmedinternal turmoil calmed– peace with one’s self & other characterspeace with one’s self & other characters

ApotheosisApotheosis– elevated to god-like state/ worshiped elevated to god-like state/ worshiped

ResourcesResources

http://www.calvarydevoted.org/Public/studies/film/stages-of-the-hero.pdf

http://www.cerritos.edu/fquaas/resources/English102/HeroNotes.htm

Paul Reiff: Vernon Hills High SchoolPaul Reiff: Vernon Hills High School

Robin L. Simmons