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CompTIA® Network+®

Review GuideSecond Edition

CompTIA® Network+®

Review GuideSecond Edition

Bill Ferguson

Senior Acquisitions Editor: Jeff KellumDevelopment Editor: Alexa MurphyTechnical Editor: Quentin DocterProduction Editor: Eric CharbonneauCopy Editor: Kim WimpsettEditorial Manager: Pete GaughanProduction Manager: Tim TateVice President and Executive Group Publisher: Richard SwadleyVice President and Publisher: Neil EddeMedia Project Manager 1: Laura Moss-HollisterMedia Associate Producer: Doug KuhnMedia Quality Assurance: Shawn PatrickBook Designers: Judy Fung and Bill GibsonCompositor: Craig Woods, Happenstance Type-O-RamaProofreaders: Troy McMillan and Nancy BellIndexer: Ted LauxProject Coordinator, Cover: Katherine CrockerCover Designer: Ryan Sneed

Copyright © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana

Published simultaneously in Canada

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ISBN: 978-1-118-28225-0 (ebk)

ISBN: 978-1-118-28391-2 (ebk)

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sec-tions 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Pub-lisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600. Requests to the Publisher for per-mission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.

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For general information on our other products and services or to obtain technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the U.S. at (877) 762-2974, outside the U.S. at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002.

Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats and by print-on-demand. Not all content that is available in standard print versions of this book may appear or be packaged in all book formats. If you have purchased a version of this book that did not include media that is referenced by or accompanies a standard print version, you may request this media by visiting http://booksupport.wiley.com. For more information about Wiley products, visit us at www.wiley.com.

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TRADEMARKS: Wiley, the Wiley logo, and the Sybex logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates, in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. CompTIA and Network+ are registered trademarks of Computing Technology Industry Asso-ciation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. is not associ-ated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Dear Reader,

Thank you for choosing CompTIA Network+ Review Guide, Second Edition. This book is part of a family of premium-quality Sybex books, all of which are written by outstanding authors who combine practical experience with a gift for teaching.

Sybex was founded in 1976. More than 30 years later, we’re still committed to producing con-sistently exceptional books. With each of our titles, we’re working hard to set a new standard for the industry. From the paper we print on, to the authors we work with, our goal is to bring you the best books available.

I hope you see all that reflected in these pages. I’d be very interested to hear your comments and get your feedback on how we’re doing. Feel free to let me know what you think about this or any other Sybex book by sending me an email at nedde@wiley.com. If you think you’ve found a technical error in this book, please visit http://sybex.custhelp.com. Customer feed-back is critical to our efforts at Sybex.

Best regards,

Neil Edde Vice President and Publisher Sybex, an Imprint of Wiley

To my father, who in the 1980s told me to learn as much about computers as I

could and to buy and hold Microsoft stock. Unfortunately, I took only part of

his good advice. Seriously, his purchase of an IBM PC XT computer in 1983

has made all the difference in my life and in my IT career. Unfortunately, Dad

passed away on March 6, 2011, at the tender age of 73. I still think about him

every time I use a computer. Thanks, Dad, and may you rest in peace!

AcknowledgmentsFirst I’d like to thank Jeff Kellum for giving me the opportunity to write this important book. Several people have assisted me in many ways, so I’d like to acknowledge their con-tributions and offer my sincere appreciation. Specifically, I’d like to thank Quentin Docter, Eric Charbonneau, and Pete Gaughan for technical and developmental editing and support and for keeping me on track throughout the process. My thanks also goes to Alexa Murphy for keeping me on track and helping me put all the final, professional touches on the book. To the many people involved in this effort with whom I never worked with one-on-one—thanks! It takes a great team to put together a great book.

Finally, I’d like to acknowledge the encouragement and prayers of my family and friends and the students in my technical classes and Sunday school classes. In Him, all things are possible!

About the AuthorBill Ferguson—MCT, MCSE, MCP+I, CCSI, CCNA, A+, Network+, Server+, Security+, VCP4, VCI4—has been in the computer industry for more than 20 years. Originally in tech-nical sales and sales management with Sprint, Bill made his transition to Certified Technical Trainer in 1997 with ExecuTrain. Bill now runs his own company (Parallel Connections) as an independent contractor/author in Birmingham, Alabama, teaching classes for most of the national training companies and some regional training companies as well as inter-national classes and virtual (online) classes. In addition, Bill writes and produces technical training videos for Quickcert, VTC, and Palaestra Training Company. He has written video titles including A+, Network+, Windows 2000 Management, Windows XP Management, Windows MCDST, and Interconnecting Cisco Network Devices. In addition, he wrote the Microsoft Certified Desktop Support Technician (MCDST) Study Guide, the previous Network+ Review Guide, and the Network+ Fastpass books for Sybex/Wiley Press. Bill says, “My job is to understand the material so well that I can make it easier for my students to learn than it was for me to learn.”

Contents at a Glance

Introduction xxi

Chapter 1 Domain 1 Network Technologies 1

Chapter 2 Domain 2 Network Installation and Configuration 57

Chapter 3 Network Media and Topologies 85

Chapter 4 Network Management 135

Chapter 5 Domain 5 Network Security 173

Appendix A Answers to Review Questions 213

Appendix B About the Additional Study Tools 221

Index 225

ContentsIntroduction xxi

Chapter 1 Domain 1 Network Technologies 1

1.1 Compare the layers of the OSI and TCP/IP models 7OSI model 7TCP/IP model 8Exam Essentials 10

1.2 Classify how applications, devices, and protocols relate to the OSI model layers 10

MAC addresses 10IP Addresses 11EUI-64 11Frames 11Packets 11Switch 12Router 13Multilayer Switch 13Hub 13Encryption devices 14Cable 14NIC 14Bridge 15Exam Essentials 15

1.3 Explain the purpose and properties of IP addressing 15Classes of addresses 16Classless (CIDR) 18IPv4 vs. IPv6 (formatting) 19MAC address format 21Subnetting 22Multicast vs. unicast vs. broadcast 26APIPA 26Exam Essentials 27

1.4 Explain the purpose and properties of routing and switching 27

EIGRP 28OSPF 28RIP 28Link state vs. distance vector vs. hybrid 29Static vs. dynamic 29Routing metrics 30

ContentsWhat Is Network+ Certification?

shooting methodology

xiv Contents

Next hop 30Spanning Tree Protocol 31VLAN (802.1q) 31Port mirroring 32Broadcast domain vs. collision domain 32IGP vs. EGP 33Routing tables 33Convergence (steady state) 34Exam Essentials 34

1.5 Identify common TCP and UDP default ports 35Exam Essentials 36

1.6 Explain the function of common networking protocols 36Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) 41File Transfer Protocol (FTP) 41User Datagram Protocol (UDP) 41TCP/IP suite 42Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) 42Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) 42Domain Name System (DNS) 42Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) 43Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) 43Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) 43Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) 44Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) 44Secure Shell (SSH) 44Post Office Protocol Version 3 (POP3) 44Network Time Protocol (NTP) 45Internet Message Access Protocol version 4 (IMAPv4) 45Telnet 45Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) 45Simple Network Management Protocol 2/3 (SNMP 2/3) 46Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) 46Internet Group Multicast Protocol (IGMP) 46Transport Layer Security (TLS) 47Exam Essentials 47

1.7 Summarize DNS concepts and its components 47DNS servers 47DNS records 47Dynamic DNS 48Exam Essentials 48

1.8 Given a scenario, implement the following network troubleshooting methodology 48

Identify the problem 49Establish a theory of probable cause 49

Contents xv

Test the theory to determine cause 50Establish a plan of action to resolve the problem

and identify potential effects 50Implement the solution or escalate as necessary 50Verify full system functionality and if applicable

implement preventive measures 51Document findings, actions, and outcomes 51Exam Essentials 51

1.9 Identify virtual network components 51Virtual Switches 52Virtual Desktops 52Virtual Servers 52Virtual PBX 53Onsite vs. Offsite 53Network as a Service (NaaS) 53Exam Essentials 54

Review Questions 55

Chapter 2 Domain 2 Network Installation and Configuration 57

2.1 Given a scenario, install and configure routers and switches 60Routing tables 60NAT 61PAT 61VLAN (trunking) 63Managed vs. unmanaged 63Interface configurations 63PoE 65Traffic filtering 65Diagnostics 65VTP configuration 65QoS 66Port mirroring 66Exam Essentials 66

2.2 Given a scenario, install and configure a wireless network 67WAP placement 67Antenna types 67Interference 67Frequencies 68Channels 68SSID (enable/disable) 68Wireless standards and Compatibility 69Exam Essentials 69

xvi Contents

2.3 Explain the purpose and properties of DHCP 70Static vs. dynamic IP addressing 70Reservations 71Scopes 71Leases 72Options (DNS servers, suffixes) 72Exam Essentials 72

2.4 Given a scenario, troubleshoot common wireless problems 73Interference 73Signal strength 73Configurations 74Incompatibilities 74Incorrect channel 74Latency 74Encryption type 75Bounce 75SSID mismatch 75Incorrect switch placement 75Exam Essentials 76

2.5 Given a scenario, troubleshoot common router and switch problems 76

Switching loop 76Bad cables/improper cable types 77Port configuration 77VLAN assignment 77Mismatched MTU/MTU black hole 77Power failure 78Bad/missing routes 78Bad modules (SFPs, GBICs) 78Wrong subnet mask 78Wrong gateway 78Duplicate IP address 79Wrong DNS 79Exam Essentials 80

2.6 Given a set of requirements plan and implement a basic SOHO network 80

List of requirements 80Cable length 81Device types/requirements 81Environment limitations 81Equipment limitations 81Compatibility requirements 82Exam Essentials 82

Review Questions 83

Contents xvii

Chapter 3 Network Media and Topologies 85

3.1 Categorize standard media types and associated properties 90Fiber 90Copper 91Plenum vs. non-plenum 95Media converters 96Distance limitations and speed limitations 97Broadband over powerline 98Exam Essentials 98

3.2 Categorize standard connector types on network media 99Fiber 99Copper 101Exam Essentials 105

3.3 Compare and contrast different wireless standards 106802.11 a/b/g/n standards 106Exam Essentials 108

3.4 Categorize WAN technology types and properties 108Types 108Properties 116Exam Essentials 118

3.5 Describe different network topologies 118Exam Essentials 123

3.6 Given a scenario, troubleshoot common physical connectivity problems 124

Exam Essentials 1263.7 Compare and contrast different LAN technologies 126

Exam Essentials 1293.8 Identify components of wiring distribution 130

Exam Essentials 132Review Questions 133

Chapter 4 Network Management 135

4.1 Explain the purpose and features of various network appliances 138

Load balancer 138Proxy server 139Content filter 139VPN Concentrator 140Exam Essentials 140

4.2 Given a scenario, use the appropriate hardware tools to troubleshoot connectivity issues 140

Cable tester 140Cable certifier 141

xviii Contents

Crimper 141Butt set 142Toner probe 142Punch down tool 143Protocol analyzer 144Loop back plug 144TDR 144OTDR 145Multimeter 145Environmental monitor 146Exam Essentials 146

4.3 Given a scenario, use the appropriate software tools to troubleshoot connectivity issues 147

Protocol analyzer 147Throughput testers 147Connectivity software 148Ping 148Tracert/traceroute 148Dig 150Ipconfig/ifconfig 150Nslookup 151Arp 152Nbtstat 154Netstat 155Route 156Exam Essentials 158

4.4 Given a scenario, use the appropriate network monitoring resource to analyze traffic 158

SNMP 159SNMPv2 159SNMPv3 159Syslog 160System logs, History logs, and General logs 160Traffic analysis 160Network sniffer 161Exam Essentials 161

4.5 Describe the purpose of configuration management documentation 162

Wire schemes 162Network maps 163Documentation 163Cable management 163Asset management 164

Contents xix

Baselines 164Change management 164Exam Essentials 165

4.6 Explain different methods and rationales for network performance optimization 165

Methods 165Reasons 167Exam Essentials 169

Review Questions 170

Chapter 5 Domain 5 Network Security 173

5.1 Given a scenario, implement appropriate wireless security measures 177

Encryption Protocols 177MAC address filtering 179Device placement 179Signal strength 179Exam Essentials 180

5.2 Explain the methods of network access security 180ACL 180Tunneling and encryption 182Remote Access 184Exam Essentials 187

5.3 Explain the methods of user authentication 188PKI 188Kerberos 189AAA 190Network access control 191CHAP 191MS-CHAP 192EAP 192Two-factor authentication 192Multifactor authentication 193Single sign-on 193Exam Essentials 193

5.4 Explain common threats, vulnerabilities, and mitigation techniques 194

Wireless 195Attacks 197Mitigation techniques 200Exam Essentials 201

5.5 Given a scenario, install and configure a basic firewall 201Types 202Port Security 202

xx Contents

Stateful inspection vs. packet filtering 203Firewall rules 203NAT/PAT 204DMZ 204Exam Essentials 205

5.6 Categorize different types of network security appliances and methods 205

IDS and IPS 206Vulnerability scanners 207Methods 208Exam Essentials 208

Review Questions 210

Appendix A Answers to Review Questions 213

Chapter 1: Domain 1 Network Technologies 214Chapter 2: Domain 2 Network Installation and Configuration 215Chapter 3: Network Media and Topologies 216Chapter 4: Network Management 217Chapter 5: Domain 5 Network Security 219

Appendix B About the Additional Study Tools 221

Additional Study Tools 222Sybex Test Engine 222Electronic Flashcards 222PDF of Glossary of Terms 222Adobe Reader 222

System Requirements 223Using the Study Tools 223Troubleshooting 223

Customer Care 224

Index 225

IntroductionThe Computer Technology Industry Association (CompTIA) developed the Network+ certification to provide an industry-wide means of certifying the competency of computer service technicians in the basics of computer networking. The Network+ certification is granted to those individuals who have attained a level of knowledge and networking skills that show a basic competency with the networking needs of both personal and corporate computing environments.

CompTIA’s exam objectives are periodically updated to keep its exams applicable to the most recent technological developments. The foundational elements, however, remain con-stant even as higher-end technology advances. The Network+ objectives have recently been changed to a small degree to reflect the very latest changes in technology. At the time of this writing, this book is current for the 2011 (N10-005) objectives as stated by CompTIA (www.comptia.org).

What Is Network+ Certification?The Network+ certification offers an introductory step into the complex world of IT network-ing. You need to pass only a single exam to become Network+ certified. This is often the first step toward true networking knowledge and experience. By obtaining Network+ certification, you will be able to obtain more networking experience and gain an interest in networks in order to pursue more complex and in-depth network knowledge and certifications.

For the latest pricing on the exam and updates to the registration procedures, go to either www.vue.com or www.2test.com. You can register online for the exam. If you have further questions about the scope of the exam or related CompTIA programs, refer to the CompTIA website at www.comptia.org.

Is This Book for You?CompTIA Network+ Review Guide is designed to be a succinct, portable exam review guide that can be used either in conjunction with a more complete study program (such as Sybex’s CompTIA Network+ Study Guide, computer-based training courseware, or a classroom/lab environment) or as an exam review for those who don’t need more extensive test preparation. It isn’t my goal to give the answers away but rather to identify those topics on which you can expect to be tested and to provide sufficient coverage of these topics.

Perhaps you’ve been working with information technologies for many years. The thought of paying lots of money for a specialized IT exam preparation course probably doesn’t sound too appealing. What can they teach you that you don’t already know, right? Be careful, though. Many experienced network administrators have walked confidently into the test center only to

xxii Introduction

walk sheepishly out of it after failing an IT exam. After you’ve finished reading this book, you should have a clear idea of how your understanding of networking technologies matches up with the expectations of the Network+ test makers.

Perhaps you’re relatively new to the world of IT—drawn to it by the promise of challenging work at a higher salary? You’ve just waded through an 800-page study guide, or you’ve taken a class at a local training center. Lots of information to keep in your head, isn’t it? Well, by organizing this book according to CompTIA’s exam objectives and by breaking up the infor-mation into concise, manageable pieces, I’ve created what I think is the handiest exam review guide available. Throw it in your laptop bag and carry it to work with you or get a copy of it on Kindle. As you read the book, you’ll be able to identify quickly those areas you know best and those that require a more in-depth review.

The goal of the Review Guide series is to help Network+ candidates brush up on the subjects on which they can expect to be tested on the Network+ exam. For complete in-depth coverage of the technologies and topics involved, we recommend CompTIA Network+ Study Guide, from Sybex.

How Is This Book Organized?This book is organized according to the official objectives list prepared by CompTIA for the Network+ exam. The chapters correspond to the six major domains of objective and topic groupings. In fact, the exam is weighted across these six domains as follows:

NN Domain 1.0 Network Technologies (21 percent)

NN Domain 2.0 Network Installation and Configuration (23 percent)

NN Domain 3.0 Network Media and Topologies (17 percent)

NN Domain 4.0 Network Management (20 percent)

NN Domain 5.0 Network Security (19 percent)

Within each chapter, the top-level exam objective from each domain is addressed in turn. This discussion of each objective also contains an “Exam Essentials” section. Here you are given a short list of topics that you should explore fully before taking the test. Included in the “Exam Essentials” areas are notations on key pieces of information you should have taken out of CompTIA Network+ Study Guide.

At the end of each chapter you’ll find the “Review Questions” section. These questions are designed to help you gauge your mastery of the content in the chapter.

Additional Study ToolsWe’ve included several additional study tools available from the book’s companion site. These tools will help you retain vital exam content as well as prepare you to sit for the actual exams:

Introduction xxiii

Readers can get the additional study tools by visiting www.sybex.com/go/netplusrg 2e. Here, you will get instructions on how to download the files to your hard drive.

Test engine Using this custom test engine, you can identify weak areas up front and then develop a solid studying strategy using each of these robust testing features. Our thorough readme file will walk you through the quick, easy installation process.

Electronic flashcards You’ll find flashcards for on-the-go review. These are short questions and answers, just like the flashcards you probably used to study in school. You can answer them on your PC or download them onto a portable device for quick and convenient reviewing.

Glossary of Terms in PDF The Glossary of Terms in PDF (Adobe Acrobat) format can easily be read on any computer. If you have to travel and brush up on any key terms, you can do so with this useful resource.

Tips for Taking the Network+ ExamHere are some general tips for taking your exams successfully:

NN Bring two forms of ID with you. One must be a photo ID, such as a driver’s license. The other can be a major credit card or a passport. Both forms must include a signature.

NN Arrive early at the exam center so you can relax and review your study materials, particularly tables and lists of exam-related information.

NN Read the questions carefully. Don’t be tempted to jump to an early conclusion. Make sure you know exactly what the question is asking.

NN Don’t leave any unanswered questions. Unanswered questions give you no opportunity for guessing correctly and scoring more points.

NN There will be questions with multiple correct responses. When there is more than one correct answer, a message on the screen will prompt you to either “Choose two” or “Choose all that apply.” Be sure to read the messages displayed so you know how many correct answers you must choose.

NN Questions needing only a single correct answer will use radio buttons to select an answer, while those needing two or more answers will use checkboxes.

NN When answering multiple-choice questions you’re not sure about, use a process of elim-ination to get rid of the obviously incorrect answers first. Doing so will improve your odds if you need to make an educated guess.

NN On form-based tests (non-adaptive), because the hard questions will eat up the most time, save them for last. You can move forward and backward through the exam.

NN For the latest pricing on the exams and updates to the registration procedures, visit CompTIA’s website at www.comptia.org.

xxiv Introduction

How to Contact the PublisherSybex welcomes feedback on all of its titles. Visit the Sybex website at www.sybex.com for book updates and additional certification information. You’ll also find forms you can use to submit comments or suggestions regarding this or any other Sybex title.

The Exam ObjectivesThe following are the areas (referred to as domains, according to CompTIA) in which you must be proficient in order to pass the Network+ exam:

Domain 1.0 Network Technologies This domain illustrates the OSI model of communica-tion and how all the network devices and network protocols are organized based on this model. I will discuss the functions of common network protocols, ports, addressing tech-nologies, and addressing schemes. In addition, I will discuss routing and routing protocols used primarily with TCP/IP. Finally, I will discuss an emerging technology in regard to computers and switches: virtualization.

Domain 2.0 Network Installation and Configuration This domain includes the installa-tion and configuration of routers and switches in a wired network. I will discuss the instal-lation and configuration of wireless networks. I will also discuss troubleshooting wired and wireless networks. Finally, I will identify and discuss an emerging type of network, the SOHO network.

Domain 3.0 Network Media and Topologies This domain concerns the categoriza-tion of media types such as fiber and copper. It also touches on wireless standard and WAN technologies. In addition I will cover the basics of the logical and physical shapes of various networks and how the topology of the network affects the technologies used in the network. Finally, I will discuss common physical connectivity problems and their solutions.

Domain 4.0 Network Management In this domain, I will start by discussing the pur-pose and features of various network appliances. I will continue by discussing ways to troubleshoot connectivity issues in a network and the common hardware and software tools you can use. In addition, I will discuss methods used to monitor resources and analyze traffic. Finally, I will explain methods and rationales for network performance optimization.

Domain 5.0 Network Security This area includes recognizing and defending against common network threats. I will discuss the proper use of firewalls, IDS, VPN concentra-tors, and other network hardware and software that can help you combat network attacks. I will also discuss common authentication and encryption techniques used by network administrators for wired and wireless networks.

Introduction xxv

The Network+ Exam Objectives

At the beginning of each chapter, I have included a complete listing of the topics that will be covered in that chapter. These topic selections are developed straight from the test objectives listed on CompTIA’s website. These are provided for easy reference and to assure you that you are on track with learning the objectives. Note that exam objectives are subject to change at any time without prior notice and at CompTIA’s sole discre-tion. Please visit the Network+ Certification page of CompTIA’s website (http://certification.comptia.org/network/default.aspx) for the most current listing of exam objectives.

Domain 1.0 Network Technologies

1.1 Compare the layers of the OSI Model and the TCP/IP models.

NN OSI model:

NN Layer 1 – Physical

NN Layer 2 – Data Link

NN Layer 3 – Network

NN Layer 4 – Transport

NN Layer 5 – Session

NN Layer 6 – Presentation

NN Layer 7 – Application

NN TCP/IP model:

NN Network Interface layer

NN Internet layer

NN Transport layer

NN Application layer

1.2 Classify how applications, devices, and protocols relate to the OSI model layers.

NN MAC address

NN IP address

NN EUI-64

NN Frames

xxvi Introduction

NN Packets

NN Switch

NN Router

NN Multilayer switch

NN Hub

NN Encryption devices

NN Cable

NN NIC

NN Bridge

1.3 Explain the purpose and properties of IP addressing.

NN Classes of addresses:

NN A, B, C, and D

NN Public vs. private

NN Classless (CIDR)

NN IPv4 vs. IPv6 (formatting)

NN MAC address format

NN Subnetting

NN Multicast vs. unicast vs. broadcast

NN APIPA

1.4 Explain the purpose and properties of routing and switching.

NN EIGRP

NN OSPF

NN RIP

NN Link state vs. distance vector vs. hybrid

NN Static vs. dynamic

NN Routing metrics:

NN Hop counts

NN MTU, bandwidth

NN Costs

NN Latency

NN Next hop

NN Spanning-Tree Protocol

NN VLAN (802.1q)

Introduction xxvii

NN Port mirroring

NN Broadcast domain vs. collision domain

NN IGP vs. EGP

NN Routing tables

NN Convergence (steady state)

1.5 Identify common TCP and UDP default ports.

NN SMTP – 25

NN HTTP – 80

NN HTTPS – 443

NN FTP – 20, 21

NN TELNET – 23

NN IMAP – 143

NN RDP – 3389

NN SSH – 22

NN DNS – 53

NN DHCP – 67, 68

1.6 Explain the function of common networking protocols.

NN TCP

NN FTP

NN UDP

NN TCP/IP suite

NN DHCP

NN TFTP

NN DNS

NN HTTPS

NN HTTP

NN ARP

NN SIP (VoIP)

NN RTP (VoIP)

NN SSH

NN POP3

NN NTP

NN IMAP4