talk at rochester 3d symposium 4 december 2013
DESCRIPTION
Details of symposium: http://www.rochester.edu/College/humanities/projects/index.php?digitalarchaeology&symposia Related blog post: http://acrg.soton.ac.uk/blog/3612/TRANSCRIPT
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Contemporary Themes in 3D Archaeological Computing: Thoughts (mostly) from Portus, Italy
Graeme Earl
3D Digital Archaeology: Reconstruction, Analysis, and Conservation of Cultural
Heritage, University of Rochester, 4 December 2013
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Archaeology and “3D” Data
• Acquisition
• Integration
• Visualisation
• Iteration
Produced by BBC in collaboration with Portus Project
http://www.portusproject.org/blog/2012/11/rome-what-
lies-beneath/
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Portus Project
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http://binged.it/1cbBGOz
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Big questions: Scale and Character : Function : Chronology
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Big digital questions: Blending Digital and Physical : Integration : Simulation
Big Data/ Archiving Management : Communication
https://twitter.com/GCBeale
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Aquisition
• Photographic e.g. photometric stereo
• RTI – Reflectance Transformation Imaging
https://twitter.com/HemboPagi
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Aquisition
• E.g. mini dome; Giga-RTI
• Potential of light field e.g. Lytro?
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Aquisition
• E.g. multispectral (RTI)
http://soton.academia.edu/EleniKotoula
http://lbi.academia.edu/GeertVerhoeven
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Aquisition
• E.g. gigapixel survey and excavation photogrammetry
• E.g. crowd and cloud photogrammetry
http://gigapan.com/cms/create-make
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Aquisition
• E.g. drone and object photogrammetry
https://twitter.com/stephenjohnkay/
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Aquisition
• E.g. object photogrammetry
https://twitter.com/James_E_Miles http://www.portusproject.org/blog/2013/11/photogrammetry/
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Aquisition
• E.g. LiDAR
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Aquisition
• E.g. laser scanning
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https://twitter.com/James_E_Miles
Automated and semi-automated approaches for extracting key components
for finite element analysis ?
Automated and semi-automated methods for producing plans and
elevations ?
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Aquisition
• Lightweight scanning at Portus using Kinect
Kinect scanner developed as part of RCUK PATINA project https://twitter.com/jmknibbe
https://twitter.com/Peter__Wheeler
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Aquisition
• Micro Computed Tomography
X-ray source within the micro CT chamber at Southampton
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Aquisition
• Micro-CT
• e.g. Roman cremations
Voxel data derived from micro CT See: http://digitalhumanities.soton.ac.uk/projects/hoard-imaging
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Aquisition
• Micro-CT
• e.g. Roman cremations
A cremation urn containing nine coins, dating
from AD282, found in the Cotswolds.
This item in particular would take months to
excavate – with archaeologists needing to
carefully examine bone fragments and remains
to extract more information about its past.
Claudius II and Tetricus I coins
discovered solely virtually
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c. 18,000 Roman coins discovered in Bath under the floor
of a Roman building, dating to around AD270 and
concreted together in a large block weighing over 100
kilograms
Beau Street (Bath) hoard
http://blog.britishmuseum.org/category/conservation-
2/beau-street-hoard/
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Box vs bags ?
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Selby hoard
A small pot dating to the 2nd century found in the Selby area, East Riding of Yorkshire
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https://twitter.com/James_E_Miles
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Antoninus Pius (138 to 161) coin
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Marcus Aurelius (161 to 180) coin
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Material Analysis
https://twitter.com/gbjc105
http://www.staffordshirehoard.org.uk/staritems/petctoral-cross
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Challenges and potential
• Material analysis of CT finds data
• Automated classification e.g. bulk object imaging
• Use of CT methods in voxel analysis
• Potential of ultrasound research to inform geophysics
• Non-linear analyses of remote sensed 3d data
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Digital Simulation Agents: Access : Record: Structure: Probability: Fidelity
https://twitter.com/gbjc105
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https://twitter.com/James_E_Miles Funded by RCUK Parnassus Project
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Displacement contours and principal stresses – hypothesis one https://twitter.com/James_E_Miles
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Deflected shape and principal stresses – hypothesis three https://twitter.com/James_E_Miles
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Parameter Value Source
Building Width 60.1m Excavation, Geophysical, Standing
Remains
Narrow Nave Width
3.74m Excavation
Wide Nave Width 11.38m Excavation
Inter-pier Distance (N-S) 5.34m Excavation
Infilling wall width 0.58m Excavation
Pylon Buttress Length 0.20m Excavation
Pylon Buttress Width 1.06m Excavation
Brick Width (Arches) 0.4m Excavation, Structural Constraints
Brick Thickness 0.05m Excavation, Structural Constraints
Vault Height (Narrow Nave) If cross vaulted:
Wide nave width x 0.25
If barrel vaulted:
Narrow Nave Width x 0.5
Parallels, Structural Constraints
Vault Height (Wide Nave) If cross vaulted & depressed:
Inter-pier distance N-S x 0.5
Otherwise:
Wide nave width x 0.5
Parallels, Structural Constraints
https://twitter.com/MattJ_Harrison
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Parameter Value Source
Building Length 180-220m Excavation, Geophysical, Standing Remains
Pier Height 7-10m Excavation, Structural Constraints
Roof Offset 0.4-0.6m Parallels, Structural Constraints
Roof Pitch Angle 18-23° Parallels, Structural Constraints
Gutter Depth 0.5-0.7m Parallels, Structural Constraints
Gutter Width 0.4-0.6m Parallels
Corbelling Depth 0.3-0.5m Parallels
Corbel Height 0.28-0.32m Parallels
Corbel Width 0.18-0.22m Parallels
Inter-corbel Distance 0.5-1.0m Parallels
Tie beam thickness 0.30-0.40m Parallels, Structural Constraints
Primary Rafter Thickness 0.30-0.40m Parallels, Structural Constraints
Secondary Rafter Thickness 0.17-0.22m Parallels, Structural Constraints
Perlin Thickness 0.18-0.20m Parallels, Structural Constraints
Roof Planking Width 0.25-0.35m Parallels, Structural Constraints
Inter-truss Distance (roof) 2.00-4.00m Parallels, Structural Constraints
Inter-perlin Distance 0.90-1.10m Parallels, Structural Constraints
https://twitter.com/MattJ_Harrison
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Parameter Value Source
Foundation Slope 0.5 : 0
0.5: 9.16-10.83%
Parallels
Vaulting Presence 0.25: true
0.75: false
Structural Constraints, Excavation
Vaulting Type 0.499: Barrel Vault
0.499: Intersecting/Cross Vault
0.002: Depressed Cross Vault
Structural Constraints, Parallels
Roof Type If Barrel Vaulted:
0.69: Pitched (N-S)
0.25: Exposed Vaults
0.15: Pitched (E-W)
0.03: Flat Roof
If Cross Vaulted:
0.82: Pitched (N-S)
0.15: Pitched (E-W)
0.03: Flat Roof
If Not Vaulted:
0.97: Pitched (N-S)
0.03: Flat Roof
Artistic Sources, Structural Constraints, Parallels,
Roof of Narrow Naves 0.6: Separate roof
0.4: Roofed with adjacent nave
Structural Constraints
Waterspout Presence If Pitched N-S Roof:
0.99: true
0.01: false
Otherwise:
False
Artistic Sources, Parallels
Corbelled Roof 0.9: true
0.1: false
Artistic Sources, Parallels
Corbel Material 0.45: Brick
0.45: Moulded Brick
0.1: Travertine
Artistic Sources, Parallels, Excavation
Impost Corbelling 0.5: true
0.5: false
Artistic Sources, Parallels
Roof Tile Width 0.5: 1.0m
0.5: 0.4m
Structural Constraints, Parallels
https://twitter.com/MattJ_Harrison
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Generative Modelling
• GML http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generative_Modelling_Language
• Grass Hopper
• http://www.grasshopper3d.com/
• City Engine
• http://www.esri.com/software/cityengine
https://twitter.com/MattJ_Harrison explores these in CAA2012 proceedings
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Visibility and Accessibility
Earl, Graeme, Porcelli, Vito, Papadopoulos, Constantinos, Beale, Gareth, Harrison, Matthew, Pagi, Hembo and Keay,
Simon (2013) Formal and informal analysis of rendered space: the basilica Portuense. In, Bevan, Andrew and Lake,
Mark (eds.) Computational Approaches to Archaeological Spaces. Walnut Creek, US, Left Coast Press, 265-305..
UCL Depthmap
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Interim reconstruction by https://twitter.com/gbjc105
Development still ongoing of this model – see Portus Project website for updates
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Next steps? Predictive Rendering ? Believable representation of
light in a scene
Vs
Prediction of light interaction ?
http://soton.academia.edu/E
leniKotoula (left)
https://twitter.com/GCBeale (right)
https://twitter.com/Papad
opoulos_C (above)
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Next steps? Acoustic Rendering ?
https://twitter.com/CatrionaCooper
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Next steps? Integration
• Combining Lines, Surfaces, Point Clouds, Volumes and Voxels
• Access to raw data from within single interface
• Capture workflows
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Communicating Portus in 3D ?
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Portus Documentary
http://www.portusproject.org/blogs/2012/12/reconstructing-portus/
Exploring possibilities of “second screening” for future broadcast work
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Portus Tour
• AR ?
• Location ?
• Social ?
• Co-creation?
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Exhibitions and Outreach
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Virtual Fieldwork Project
Disability solutions identified:
• Panoramas, Video Panoramas and Panorama Tours
• Wearable cameras
Potential for social annotation of resources e.g. gigapan, photosynth; ongoing work by https://twitter.com/Peter__Wheeler
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@PortusMOOC • http://www.portusproject.org/education/portus-mooc/
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Thanks
@GraemeEarl
http://digitalhumanities.soton.ac.uk http://www.portusproject.org/education/portus-summer-field-school/ http://www.portusproject.org/education/portus-mooc/ http://www.ahrc.ac.uk/News-and-Events/Image-Gallery/Pages/Portus-Project.aspx Tweet archive from today #UoR3darch