talk for #fogm15: challenges and opportunities in microbiome studies and the rise of citizen...
TRANSCRIPT
-
Challenges and Opportunities in Microbiome Studies
and the Rise of Citizen Microbiology
FOGM15
Jonathan A. Eisen @phylogenomics
University of California, Davis
-
0
350
700
1050
1400
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
Pubmed Microbiome Hits
The Rise of the Microbiome
http://microBE.net microBEnet
microbiology of the Built Environment
Network
Aquarium Microbiome Project
Food Microbiome
DogMouth
Drosophila
Corn
Sea Grass
Rice
Human Intestinal Transplants
Helicobacter pylori microbiome
-
Culture Independent DNA Sequencing
DNA DNADNA
Taxa Characters B1 ACTGCACCTATCGTTCG B2 ACTCCACCTATCGTTCG E1 ACTCCAGCTATCGATCG E2 ACTCCAGGTATCGATCG A1 ACCCCAGCTCTCGCTCG A2 ACCCCAGCTCTGGCTCG New1 ACCCCAGCTCTGCCTCG New2 AGGGGAGCTCTGCCTCG
-
Challenge 1: ComplexityMicrobial Diversity
Intraspecific Diversity Fragmented Data
HUMANMICROBIOME
YOUR BODY: HUMAN AND MICROBES
Learn more about your microbiomeAmerican Academy of Microbiology:
http://bit.ly/HumanMicrobiome
fungal
bacterial
human
WHOS THERE?
A human body is actually onlyabout 25% human cells. Therest is many thousands ofspecies of bacteria and othermicrobes.
Cells in thehuman body:
WHERE ARE THEY? WHAT ARE THEY DOING?
Wherever the human body is exposed tothe outside world, there is a microbialcommunity.
skinGI tractlungsmouth
Our microbiome helps us extract energyand nutrients from the food we eat,
and crowds out or inhibits pathogens.
HOW DO WE GET OUR MICROBIOME?BIRTH:A newborn gets itsmicrobes from:
BREAST MILK:Breast milk has been fine-tuned over millions ofyears to provide:
ENVIRONMENT:For the rest of the babys life, itwill continuously encounter newmicrobes from: soil and water
people, pets, plants
new and diverse foods
nutrients, vitamins, and antibodies diverse microbes to populate the babys gut
its mothers birth canal skin of its mother and other care- givers
WHAT IS THE MICROBIOME? WAIT ... WHATS A MICROBE?The human body is home totrillions of microbes. Thecommunity of microbesliving in intimate associationwith our bodies, and the genesthey contain, make up thehuman microbiome.
A microbe is a microscopic organism - thisincludes viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
Not all microbes make us sick - the microbes inand on our bodies play many essential roles.
2.5lb
2.5 LBS = WEIGHTof the microbiome
3 PINTS = VOLUMEof the microbiome
Viruses outnumber bacteriaby about 5:1.
5 1:99%Microbes contribute an extra
2,000,000 genes to the 20,000 genehuman genome.
urogenitaltract
HUMANMICROBIOME
YOUR BODY: HUMAN AND MICROBES
Learn more about your microbiomeAmerican Academy of Microbiology:
http://bit.ly/HumanMicrobiome
fungal
bacterial
human
WHOS THERE?
A human body is actually onlyabout 25% human cells. Therest is many thousands ofspecies of bacteria and othermicrobes.
Cells in thehuman body:
WHERE ARE THEY? WHAT ARE THEY DOING?
Wherever the human body is exposed tothe outside world, there is a microbialcommunity.
skinGI tractlungsmouth
Our microbiome helps us extract energyand nutrients from the food we eat,
and crowds out or inhibits pathogens.
HOW DO WE GET OUR MICROBIOME?BIRTH:A newborn gets itsmicrobes from:
BREAST MILK:Breast milk has been fine-tuned over millions ofyears to provide:
ENVIRONMENT:For the rest of the babys life, itwill continuously encounter newmicrobes from: soil and water
people, pets, plants
new and diverse foods
nutrients, vitamins, and antibodies diverse microbes to populate the babys gut
its mothers birth canal skin of its mother and other care- givers
WHAT IS THE MICROBIOME? WAIT ... WHATS A MICROBE?The human body is home totrillions of microbes. Thecommunity of microbesliving in intimate associationwith our bodies, and the genesthey contain, make up thehuman microbiome.
A microbe is a microscopic organism - thisincludes viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
Not all microbes make us sick - the microbes inand on our bodies play many essential roles.
2.5lb
2.5 LBS = WEIGHTof the microbiome
3 PINTS = VOLUMEof the microbiome
Viruses outnumber bacteriaby about 5:1.
5 1:99%Microbes contribute an extra
2,000,000 genes to the 20,000 genehuman genome.
urogenitaltract
Host VariationHUMAN
MICROBIOME
YOUR BODY: HUMAN AND MICROBES
Learn more about your microbiomeAmerican Academy of Microbiology:
http://bit.ly/HumanMicrobiome
fungal
bacterial
human
WHOS THERE?
A human body is actually onlyabout 25% human cells. Therest is many thousands ofspecies of bacteria and othermicrobes.
Cells in thehuman body:
WHERE ARE THEY? WHAT ARE THEY DOING?
Wherever the human body is exposed tothe outside world, there is a microbialcommunity.
skinGI tractlungsmouth
Our microbiome helps us extract energyand nutrients from the food we eat,
and crowds out or inhibits pathogens.
HOW DO WE GET OUR MICROBIOME?BIRTH:A newborn gets itsmicrobes from:
BREAST MILK:Breast milk has been fine-tuned over millions ofyears to provide:
ENVIRONMENT:For the rest of the babys life, itwill continuously encounter newmicrobes from: soil and water
people, pets, plants
new and diverse foods
nutrients, vitamins, and antibodies diverse microbes to populate the babys gut
its mothers birth canal skin of its mother and other care- givers
WHAT IS THE MICROBIOME? WAIT ... WHATS A MICROBE?The human body is home totrillions of microbes. Thecommunity of microbesliving in intimate associationwith our bodies, and the genesthey contain, make up thehuman microbiome.
A microbe is a microscopic organism - thisincludes viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
Not all microbes make us sick - the microbes inand on our bodies play many essential roles.
2.5lb
2.5 LBS = WEIGHTof the microbiome
3 PINTS = VOLUMEof the microbiome
Viruses outnumber bacteriaby about 5:1.
5 1:99%Microbes contribute an extra
2,000,000 genes to the 20,000 genehuman genome.
urogenitaltract
HUMANMICROBIOME
YOUR BODY: HUMAN AND MICROBES
Learn more about your microbiomeAmerican Academy of Microbiology:
http://bit.ly/HumanMicrobiome
fungal
bacterial
human
WHOS THERE?
A human body is actually onlyabout 25% human cells. Therest is many thousands ofspecies of bacteria and othermicrobes.
Cells in thehuman body:
WHERE ARE THEY? WHAT ARE THEY DOING?
Wherever the human body is exposed tothe outside world, there is a microbialcommunity.
skinGI tractlungsmouth
Our microbiome helps us extract energyand nutrients from the food we eat,
and crowds out or inhibits pathogens.
HOW DO WE GET OUR MICROBIOME?BIRTH:A newborn gets itsmicrobes from:
BREAST MILK:Breast milk has been fine-tuned over millions ofyears to provide:
ENVIRONMENT:For the rest of the babys life, itwill continuously encounter newmicrobes from: soil and water
people, pets, plants
new and diverse foods
nutrients, vitamins, and antibodies diverse microbes to populate the babys gut
its mothers birth canal skin of its mother and other care- givers
WHAT IS THE MICROBIOME? WAIT ... WHATS A MICROBE?The human body is home totrillions of microbes. Thecommunity of microbesliving in intimate associationwith our bodies, and the genesthey contain, make up thehuman microbiome.
A microbe is a microscopic organism - thisincludes viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
Not all microbes make us sick - the microbes inand on our bodies play many essential roles.
2.5lb
2.5 LBS = WEIGHTof the microbiome
3 PINTS = VOLUMEof the microbiome
Viruses outnumber bacteriaby about 5:1.
5 1:99%Microbes contribute an extra
2,000,000 genes to the 20,000 genehuman genome.
urogenitaltract
HUMANMICROBIOME
YOUR BODY: HUMAN AND MICROBES
Learn more about your microbiomeAmerican Academy of Microbiology:
http://bit.ly/HumanMicrobiome
fungal
bacterial
human
WHOS THERE?
A human body is actually onlyabout 25% human cells. Therest is many thousands ofspecies of bacteria and othermicrobes.
Cells in thehuman body:
WHERE ARE THEY? WHAT ARE THEY DOING?
Wherever the human body is exposed tothe outside world, there is a microbialcommunity.
skinGI tractlungsmouth
Our microbiome helps us extract energyand nutrients from the food we eat,
and crowds out or inhibits pathogens.
HOW DO WE GET OUR MICROBIOME?BIRTH:A newborn gets itsmicrobes from:
BREAST MILK:Breast milk has been fine-tuned over millions ofyears to provide:
ENVIRONMENT:For the rest of the babys life, itwill continuously encounter newmicrobes from: soil and water
people, pets, plants
new and diverse foods
nutrients, vitamins, and antibodies diverse microbes to populate the babys gut
its mothers birth canal skin of its mother and other care- givers
WHAT IS THE MICROBIOME? WAIT ... WHATS A MICROBE?The human body is home totrillions of microbes. Thecommunity of microbesliving in intimate associationwith our bodies, and the genesthey contain, make up thehuman microbiome.
A microbe is a microscopic organism - thisincludes viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
Not all microbes make us sick - the microbes inand on our bodies play many essential roles.
2.5lb
2.5 LBS = WEIGHTof the microbiome
3 PINTS = VOLUMEof the microbiome
Viruses outnumber bacteriaby about 5:1.
5 1:99%Microbes contribute an extra
2,000,000 genes to the 20,000 genehuman genome.
urogenitaltract
HUMANMICROBIOME
YOUR BODY: HUMAN AND MICROBES
Learn more about your microbiomeAmerican Academy of Microbiology:
http://bit.ly/HumanMicrobiome
fungal
bacterial
human
WHOS THERE?
A human body is actually onlyabout 25% human cells. Therest is many thousands ofspecies of bacteria and othermicrobes.
Cells in thehuman body:
WHERE ARE THEY? WHAT ARE THEY DOING?
Wherever the human body is exposed tothe outside world, there is a microbialcommunity.
skinGI tractlungsmouth
Our microbiome helps us extract energyand nutrients from the food we eat,
and crowds out or inhibits pathogens.
HOW DO WE GET OUR MICROBIOME?BIRTH:A newborn gets itsmicrobes from:
BREAST MILK:Breast milk has been fine-tuned over millions ofyears to provide:
ENVIRONMENT:For the rest of the babys life, itwill continuously encounter newmicrobes from: soil and water
people, pets, plants
new and diverse foods
nutrients, vitamins, and antibodies diverse microbes to populate the babys gut
its mothers birth canal skin of its mother and other care- givers
WHAT IS THE MICROBIOME? WAIT ... WHATS A MICROBE?The human body is home totrillions of microbes. Thecommunity of microbesliving in intimate associationwith our bodies, and the genesthey contain, make up thehuman microbiome.
A microbe is a microscopic organism - thisincludes viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
Not all microbes make us sick - the microbes inand on our bodies play many essential roles.
2.5lb
2.5 LBS = WEIGHTof the microbiome
3 PINTS = VOLUMEof the microbiome
Viruses outnumber bacteriaby about 5:1.
5 1:99%Microbes contribute an extra
2,000,000 genes to the 20,000 genehuman genome.
urogenitaltract
HUMANMICROBIOME
YOUR BODY: HUMAN AND MICROBES
Learn more about your microbiomeAmerican Academy of Microbiology:
http://bit.ly/HumanMicrobiome
fungal
bacterial
human
WHOS THERE?
A human body is actually onlyabout 25% human cells. Therest is many thousands ofspecies of bacteria and othermicrobes.
Cells in thehuman body:
WHERE ARE THEY? WHAT ARE THEY DOING?
Wherever the human body is exposed tothe outside world, there is a microbialcommunity.
skinGI tractlungsmouth
Our microbiome helps us extract energyand nutrients from the food we eat,
and crowds out or inhibits pathogens.
HOW DO WE GET OUR MICROBIOME?BIRTH:A newborn gets itsmicrobes from:
BREAST MILK:Breast milk has been fine-tuned over millions ofyears to provide:
ENVIRONMENT:For the rest of the babys life, itwill continuously encounter newmicrobes from: soil and water
people, pets, plants
new and diverse foods
nutrients, vitamins, and antibodies diverse microbes to populate the babys gut
its mothers birth canal skin of its mother and other care- givers
WHAT IS THE MICROBIOME? WAIT ... WHATS A MICROBE?The human body is home totrillions of microbes. Thecommunity of microbesliving in intimate associationwith our bodies, and the genesthey contain, make up thehuman microbiome.
A microbe is a microscopic organism - thisincludes viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
Not all microbes make us sick - the microbes inand on our bodies play many essential roles.
2.5lb
2.5 LBS = WEIGHTof the microbiome
3 PINTS = VOLUMEof the microbiome
Viruses outnumber bacteriaby about 5:1.
5 1:99%Microbes contribute an extra
2,000,000 genes to the 20,000 genehuman genome.
urogenitaltract
HUMANMICROBIOME
YOUR BODY: HUMAN AND MICROBES
Learn more about your microbiomeAmerican Academy of Microbiology:
http://bit.ly/HumanMicrobiome
fungal
bacterial
human
WHOS THERE?
A human body is actually onlyabout 25% human cells. Therest is many thousands ofspecies of bacteria and othermicrobes.
Cells in thehuman body:
WHERE ARE THEY? WHAT ARE THEY DOING?
Wherever the human body is exposed tothe outside world, there is a microbialcommunity.
skinGI tractlungsmouth
Our microbiome helps us extract energyand nutrients from the food we eat,
and crowds out or inhibits pathogens.
HOW DO WE GET OUR MICROBIOME?BIRTH:A newborn gets itsmicrobes from:
BREAST MILK:Breast milk has been fine-tuned over millions ofyears to provide:
ENVIRONMENT:For the rest of the babys life, itwill continuously encounter newmicrobes from: soil and water
people, pets, plants
new and diverse foods
nutrients, vitamins, and antibodies diverse microbes to populate the babys gut
its mothers birth canal skin of its mother and other care- givers
WHAT IS THE MICROBIOME? WAIT ... WHATS A MICROBE?The human body is home totrillions of microbes. Thecommunity of microbesliving in intimate associationwith our bodies, and the genesthey contain, make up thehuman microbiome.
A microbe is a microscopic organism - thisincludes viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
Not all microbes make us sick - the microbes inand on our bodies play many essential roles.
2.5lb
2.5 LBS = WEIGHTof the microbiome
3 PINTS = VOLUMEof the microbiome
Viruses outnumber bacteriaby about 5:1.
5 1:99%Microbes contribute an extra
2,000,000 genes to the 20,000 genehuman genome.
urogenitaltract
HUMANMICROBIOME
YOUR BODY: HUMAN AND MICROBES
Learn more about your microbiomeAmerican Academy of Microbiology:
http://bit.ly/HumanMicrobiome
fungal
bacterial
human
WHOS THERE?
A human body is actually onlyabout 25% human cells. Therest is many thousands ofspecies of bacteria and othermicrobes.
Cells in thehuman body:
WHERE ARE THEY? WHAT ARE THEY DOING?
Wherever the human body is exposed tothe outside world, there is a microbialcommunity.
skinGI tractlungsmouth
Our microbiome helps us extract energyand nutrients from the food we eat,
and crowds out or inhibits pathogens.
HOW DO WE GET OUR MICROBIOME?BIRTH:A newborn gets itsmicrobes from:
BREAST MILK:Breast milk has been fine-tuned over millions ofyears to provide:
ENVIRONMENT:For the rest of the babys life, itwill continuously encounter newmicrobes from: soil and water
people, pets, plants
new and diverse foods
nutrients, vitamins, and antibodies diverse microbes to populate the babys gut
its mothers birth canal skin of its mother and other care- givers
WHAT IS THE MICROBIOME? WAIT ... WHATS A MICROBE?The human body is home totrillions of microbes. Thecommunity of microbesliving in intimate associationwith our bodies, and the genesthey contain, make up thehuman microbiome.
A microbe is a microscopic organism - thisincludes viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
Not all microbes make us sick - the microbes inand on our bodies play many essential roles.
2.5lb
2.5 LBS = WEIGHTof the microbiome
3 PINTS = VOLUMEof the microbiome
Viruses outnumber bacteriaby about 5:1.
5 1:99%Microbes contribute an extra
2,000,000 genes to the 20,000 genehuman genome.
urogenitaltract
HUMANMICROBIOME
YOUR BODY: HUMAN AND MICROBES
Learn more about your microbiomeAmerican Academy of Microbiology:
http://bit.ly/HumanMicrobiome
fungal
bacterial
human
WHOS THERE?
A human body is actually onlyabout 25% human cells. Therest is many thousands ofspecies of bacteria and othermicrobes.
Cells in thehuman body:
WHERE ARE THEY? WHAT ARE THEY DOING?
Wherever the human body is exposed tothe outside world, there is a microbialcommunity.
skinGI tractlungsmouth
Our microbiome helps us extract energyand nutrients from the food we eat,
and crowds out or inhibits pathogens.
HOW DO WE GET OUR MICROBIOME?BIRTH:A newborn gets itsmicrobes from:
BREAST MILK:Breast milk has been fine-tuned over millions ofyears to provide:
ENVIRONMENT:For the rest of the babys life, itwill continuously encounter newmicrobes from: soil and water
people, pets, plants
new and diverse foods
nutrients, vitamins, and antibodies diverse microbes to populate the babys gut
its mothers birth canal skin of its mother and other care- givers
WHAT IS THE MICROBIOME? WAIT ... WHATS A MICROBE?The human body is home totrillions of microbes. Thecommunity of microbesliving in intimate associationwith our bodies, and the genesthey contain, make up thehuman microbiome.
A microbe is a microscopic organism - thisincludes viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
Not all microbes make us sick - the microbes inand on our bodies play many essential roles.
2.5lb
2.5 LBS = WEIGHTof the microbiome
3 PINTS = VOLUMEof the microbiome
Viruses outnumber bacteriaby about 5:1.
5 1:99%Microbes contribute an extra
2,000,000 genes to the 20,000 genehuman genome.
urogenitaltract
HUMANMICROBIOME
YOUR BODY: HUMAN AND MICROBES
Learn more about your microbiomeAmerican Academy of Microbiology:
http://bit.ly/HumanMicrobiome
fungal
bacterial
human
WHOS THERE?
A human body is actually onlyabout 25% human cells. Therest is many thousands ofspecies of bacteria and othermicrobes.
Cells in thehuman body:
WHERE ARE THEY? WHAT ARE THEY DOING?
Wherever the human body is exposed tothe outside world, there is a microbialcommunity.
skinGI tractlungsmouth
Our microbiome helps us extract energyand nutrients from the food we eat,
and crowds out or inhibits pathogens.
HOW DO WE GET OUR MICROBIOME?BIRTH:A newborn gets itsmicrobes from:
BREAST MILK:Breast milk has been fine-tuned over millions ofyears to provide:
ENVIRONMENT:For the rest of the babys life, itwill continuously encounter newmicrobes from: soil and water
people, pets, plants
new and diverse foods
nutrients, vitamins, and antibodies diverse microbes to populate the babys gut
its mothers birth canal skin of its mother and other care- givers
WHAT IS THE MICROBIOME? WAIT ... WHATS A MICROBE?The human body is home totrillions of microbes. Thecommunity of microbesliving in intimate associationwith our bodies, and the genesthey contain, make up thehuman microbiome.
A microbe is a microscopic organism - thisincludes viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
Not all microbes make us sick - the microbes inand on our bodies play many essential roles.
2.5lb
2.5 LBS = WEIGHTof the microbiome
3 PINTS = VOLUMEof the microbiome
Viruses outnumber bacteriaby about 5:1.
5 1:99%Microbes contribute an extra
2,000,000 genes to the 20,000 genehuman genome.
urogenitaltract
HUMANMICROBIOME
YOUR BODY: HUMAN AND MICROBES
Learn more about your microbiomeAmerican Academy of Microbiology:
http://bit.ly/HumanMicrobiome
fungal
bacterial
human
WHOS THERE?
A human body is actually onlyabout 25% human cells. Therest is many thousands ofspecies of bacteria and othermicrobes.
Cells in thehuman body:
WHERE ARE THEY? WHAT ARE THEY DOING?
Wherever the human body is exposed tothe outside world, there is a microbialcommunity.
skinGI tractlungsmouth
Our microbiome helps us extract energyand nutrients from the food we eat,
and crowds out or inhibits pathogens.
HOW DO WE GET OUR MICROBIOME?BIRTH:A newborn gets itsmicrobes from:
BREAST MILK:Breast milk has been fine-tuned over millions ofyears to provide:
ENVIRONMENT:For the rest of the babys life, itwill continuously encounter newmicrobes from: soil and water
people, pets, plants
new and diverse foods
nutrients, vitamins, and antibodies diverse microbes to populate the babys gut
its mothers birth canal skin of its mother and other care- givers
WHAT IS THE MICROBIOME? WAIT ... WHATS A MICROBE?The human body is home totrillions of microbes. Thecommunity of microbesliving in intimate associationwith our bodies, and the genesthey contain, make up thehuman microbiome.
A microbe is a microscopic organism - thisincludes viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
Not all microbes make us sick - the microbes inand on our bodies play many essential roles.
2.5lb
2.5 LBS = WEIGHTof the microbiome
3 PINTS = VOLUMEof the microbiome
Viruses outnumber bacteriaby about 5:1.
5 1:99%Microbes contribute an extra
2,000,000 genes to the 20,000 genehuman genome.
urogenitaltract
HUMANMICROBIOME
YOUR BODY: HUMAN AND MICROBES
Learn more about your microbiomeAmerican Academy of Microbiology:
http://bit.ly/HumanMicrobiome
fungal
bacterial
human
WHOS THERE?
A human body is actually onlyabout 25% human cells. Therest is many thousands ofspecies of bacteria and othermicrobes.
Cells in thehuman body:
WHERE ARE THEY? WHAT ARE THEY DOING?
Wherever the human body is exposed tothe outside world, there is a microbialcommunity.
skinGI tractlungsmouth
Our microbiome helps us extract energyand nutrients from the food we eat,
and crowds out or inhibits pathogens.
HOW DO WE GET OUR MICROBIOME?BIRTH:A newborn gets itsmicrobes from:
BREAST MILK:Breast milk has been fine-tuned over millions ofyears to provide:
ENVIRONMENT:For the rest of the babys life, itwill continuously encounter newmicrobes from: soil and water
people, pets, plants
new and diverse foods
nutrients, vitamins, and antibodies diverse microbes to populate the babys gut
its mothers birth canal skin of its mother and other care- givers
WHAT IS THE MICROBIOME? WAIT ... WHATS A MICROBE?The human body is home totrillions of microbes. Thecommunity of microbesliving in intimate associationwith our bodies, and the genesthey contain, make up thehuman microbiome.
A microbe is a microscopic organism - thisincludes viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
Not all microbes make us sick - the microbes inand on our bodies play many essential roles.
2.5lb
2.5 LBS = WEIGHTof the microbiome
3 PINTS = VOLUMEof the microbiome
Viruses outnumber bacteriaby about 5:1.
5 1:99%Microbes contribute an extra
2,000,000 genes to the 20,000 genehuman genome.
urogenitaltract
HUMANMICROBIOME
YOUR BODY: HUMAN AND MICROBES
Learn more about your microbiomeAmerican Academy of Microbiology:
http://bit.ly/HumanMicrobiome
fungal
bacterial
human
WHOS THERE?
A human body is actually onlyabout 25% human cells. Therest is many thousands ofspecies of bacteria and othermicrobes.
Cells in thehuman body:
WHERE ARE THEY? WHAT ARE THEY DOING?
Wherever the human body is exposed tothe outside world, there is a microbialcommunity.
skinGI tractlungsmouth
Our microbiome helps us extract energyand nutrients from the food we eat,
and crowds out or inhibits pathogens.
HOW DO WE GET OUR MICROBIOME?BIRTH:A newborn gets itsmicrobes from:
BREAST MILK:Breast milk has been fine-tuned over millions ofyears to provide:
ENVIRONMENT:For the rest of the babys life, itwill continuously encounter newmicrobes from: soil and water
people, pets, plants
new and diverse foods
nutrients, vitamins, and antibodies diverse microbes to populate the babys gut
its mothers birth canal skin of its mother and other care- givers
WHAT IS THE MICROBIOME? WAIT ... WHATS A MICROBE?The human body is home totrillions of microbes. Thecommunity of microbesliving in intimate associationwith our bodies, and the genesthey contain, make up thehuman microbiome.
A microbe is a microscopic organism - thisincludes viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
Not all microbes make us sick - the microbes inand on our bodies play many essential roles.
2.5lb
2.5 LBS = WEIGHTof the microbiome
3 PINTS = VOLUMEof the microbiome
Viruses outnumber bacteriaby about 5:1.
5 1:99%Microbes contribute an extra
2,000,000 genes to the 20,000 genehuman genome.
urogenitaltract
HUMANMICROBIOME
YOUR BODY: HUMAN AND MICROBES
Learn more about your microbiomeAmerican Academy of Microbiology:
http://bit.ly/HumanMicrobiome
fungal
bacterial
human
WHOS THERE?
A human body is actually onlyabout 25% human cells. Therest is many thousands ofspecies of bacteria and othermicrobes.
Cells in thehuman body:
WHERE ARE THEY? WHAT ARE THEY DOING?
Wherever the human body is exposed tothe outside world, there is a microbialcommunity.
skinGI tractlungsmouth
Our microbiome helps us extract energyand nutrients from the food we eat,
and crowds out or inhibits pathogens.
HOW DO WE GET OUR MICROBIOME?BIRTH:A newborn gets itsmicrobes from:
BREAST MILK:Breast milk has been fine-tuned over millions ofyears to provide:
ENVIRONMENT:For the rest of the babys life, itwill continuously encounter newmicrobes from: soil and water
people, pets, plants
new and diverse foods
nutrients, vitamins, and antibodies diverse microbes to populate the babys gut
its mothers birth canal skin of its mother and other care- givers
WHAT IS THE MICROBIOME? WAIT ... WHATS A MICROBE?The human body is home totrillions of microbes. Thecommunity of microbesliving in intimate associationwith our bodies, and the genesthey contain, make up thehuman microbiome.
A microbe is a microscopic organism - thisincludes viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
Not all microbes make us sick - the microbes inand on our bodies play many essential roles.
2.5lb
2.5 LBS = WEIGHTof the microbiome
3 PINTS = VOLUMEof the microbiome
Viruses outnumber bacteriaby about 5:1.
5 1:99%Microbes contribute an extra
2,000,000 genes to the 20,000 genehuman genome.
urogenitaltract
HUMANMICROBIOME
YOUR BODY: HUMAN AND MICROBES
Learn more about your microbiomeAmerican Academy of Microbiology:
http://bit.ly/HumanMicrobiome
fungal
bacterial
human
WHOS THERE?
A human body is actually onlyabout 25% human cells. Therest is many thousands ofspecies of bacteria and othermicrobes.
Cells in thehuman body:
WHERE ARE THEY? WHAT ARE THEY DOING?
Wherever the human body is exposed tothe outside world, there is a microbialcommunity.
skinGI tractlungsmouth
Our microbiome helps us extract energyand nutrients from the food we eat,
and crowds out or inhibits pathogens.
HOW DO WE GET OUR MICROBIOME?BIRTH:A newborn gets itsmicrobes from:
BREAST MILK:Breast milk has been fine-tuned over millions ofyears to provide:
ENVIRONMENT:For the rest of the babys life, itwill continuously encounter newmicrobes from: soil and water
people, pets, plants
new and diverse foods
nutrients, vitamins, and antibodies diverse microbes to populate the babys gut
its mothers birth canal skin of its mother and other care- givers
WHAT IS THE MICROBIOME? WAIT ... WHATS A MICROBE?The human body is home totrillions of microbes. Thecommunity of microbesliving in intimate associationwith our bodies, and the genesthey contain, make up thehuman microbiome.
A microbe is a microscopic organism - thisincludes viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
Not all microbes make us sick - the microbes inand on our bodies play many essential roles.
2.5lb
2.5 LBS = WEIGHTof the microbiome
3 PINTS = VOLUMEof the microbiome
Viruses outnumber bacteriaby about 5:1.
5 1:99%Microbes contribute an extra
2,000,000 genes to the 20,000 genehuman genome.
urogenitaltract
HUMANMICROBIOME
YOUR BODY: HUMAN AND MICROBES
Learn more about your microbiomeAmerican Academy of Microbiology:
http://bit.ly/HumanMicrobiome
fungal
bacterial
human
WHOS THERE?
A human body is actually onlyabout 25% human cells. Therest is many thousands ofspecies of bacteria and othermicrobes.
Cells in thehuman body:
WHERE ARE THEY? WHAT ARE THEY DOING?
Wherever the human body is exposed tothe outside world, there is a microbialcommunity.
skinGI tractlungsmouth
Our microbiome helps us extract energyand nutrients from the food we eat,
and crowds out or inhibits pathogens.
HOW DO WE GET OUR MICROBIOME?BIRTH:A newborn gets itsmicrobes from:
BREAST MILK:Breast milk has been fine-tuned over millions ofyears to provide:
ENVIRONMENT:For the rest of the babys life, itwill continuously encounter newmicrobes from: soil and water
people, pets, plants
new and diverse foods
nutrients, vitamins, and antibodies diverse microbes to populate the babys gut
its mothers birth canal skin of its mother and other care- givers
WHAT IS THE MICROBIOME? WAIT ... WHATS A MICROBE?The human body is home totrillions of microbes. Thecommunity of microbesliving in intimate associationwith our bodies, and the genesthey contain, make up thehuman microbiome.
A microbe is a microscopic organism - thisincludes viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
Not all microbes make us sick - the microbes inand on our bodies play many essential roles.
2.5lb
2.5 LBS = WEIGHTof the microbiome
3 PINTS = VOLUMEof the microbiome
Viruses outnumber bacteriaby about 5:1.
5 1:99%Microbes contribute an extra
2,000,000 genes to the 20,000 genehuman genome.
urogenitaltract
HUMANMICROBIOME
YOUR BODY: HUMAN AND MICROBES
Learn more about your microbiomeAmerican Academy of Microbiology:
http://bit.ly/HumanMicrobiome
fungal
bacterial
human
WHOS THERE?
A human body is actually onlyabout 25% human cells. Therest is many thousands ofspecies of bacteria and othermicrobes.
Cells in thehuman body:
WHERE ARE THEY? WHAT ARE THEY DOING?
Wherever the human body is exposed tothe outside world, there is a microbialcommunity.
skinGI tractlungsmouth
Our microbiome helps us extract energyand nutrients from the food we eat,
and crowds out or inhibits pathogens.
HOW DO WE GET OUR MICROBIOME?BIRTH:A newborn gets itsmicrobes from:
BREAST MILK:Breast milk has been fine-tuned over millions ofyears to provide:
ENVIRONMENT:For the rest of the babys life, itwill continuously encounter newmicrobes from: soil and water
people, pets, plants
new and diverse foods
nutrients, vitamins, and antibodies diverse microbes to populate the babys gut
its mothers birth canal skin of its mother and other care- givers
WHAT IS THE MICROBIOME? WAIT ... WHATS A MICROBE?The human body is home totrillions of microbes. Thecommunity of microbesliving in intimate associationwith our bodies, and the genesthey contain, make up thehuman microbiome.
A microbe is a microscopic organism - thisincludes viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
Not all microbes make us sick - the microbes inand on our bodies play many essential roles.
2.5lb
2.5 LBS = WEIGHTof the microbiome
3 PINTS = VOLUMEof the microbiome
Viruses outnumber bacteriaby about 5:1.
5 1:99%Microbes contribute an extra
2,000,000 genes to the 20,000 genehuman genome.
urogenitaltract
HUMANMICROBIOME
YOUR BODY: HUMAN AND MICROBES
Learn more about your microbiomeAmerican Academy of Microbiology:
http://bit.ly/HumanMicrobiome
fungal
bacterial
human
WHOS THERE?
A human body is actually onlyabout 25% human cells. Therest is many thousands ofspecies of bacteria and othermicrobes.
Cells in thehuman body:
WHERE ARE THEY? WHAT ARE THEY DOING?
Wherever the human body is exposed tothe outside world, there is a microbialcommunity.
skinGI tractlungsmouth
Our microbiome helps us extract energyand nutrients from the food we eat,
and crowds out or inhibits pathogens.
HOW DO WE GET OUR MICROBIOME?BIRTH:A newborn gets itsmicrobes from:
BREAST MILK:Breast milk has been fine-tuned over millions ofyears to provide:
ENVIRONMENT:For the rest of the babys life, itwill continuously encounter newmicrobes from: soil and water
people, pets, plants
new and diverse foods
nutrients, vitamins, and antibodies diverse microbes to populate the babys gut
its mothers birth canal skin of its mother and other care- givers
WHAT IS THE MICROBIOME? WAIT ... WHATS A MICROBE?The human body is home totrillions of microbes. Thecommunity of microbesliving in intimate associationwith our bodies, and the genesthey contain, make up thehuman microbiome.
A microbe is a microscopic organism - thisincludes viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
Not all microbes make us sick - the microbes inand on our bodies play many essential roles.
2.5lb
2.5 LBS = WEIGHTof the microbiome
3 PINTS = VOLUMEof the microbiome
Viruses outnumber bacteriaby about 5:1.
5 1:99%Microbes contribute an extra
2,000,000 genes to the 20,000 genehuman genome.
urogenitaltract
HUMANMICROBIOME
YOUR BODY: HUMAN AND MICROBES
Learn more about your microbiomeAmerican Academy of Microbiology:
http://bit.ly/HumanMicrobiome
fungal
bacterial
human
WHOS THERE?
A human body is actually onlyabout 25% human cells. Therest is many thousands ofspecies of bacteria and othermicrobes.
Cells in thehuman body:
WHERE ARE THEY? WHAT ARE THEY DOING?
Wherever the human body is exposed tothe outside world, there is a microbialcommunity.
skinGI tractlungsmouth
Our microbiome helps us extract energyand nutrients from the food we eat,
and crowds out or inhibits pathogens.
HOW DO WE GET OUR MICROBIOME?BIRTH:A newborn gets itsmicrobes from:
BREAST MILK:Breast milk has been fine-tuned over millions ofyears to provide:
ENVIRONMENT:For the rest of the babys life, itwill continuously encounter newmicrobes from: soil and water
people, pets, plants
new and diverse foods
nutrients, vitamins, and antibodies diverse microbes to populate the babys gut
its mothers birth canal skin of its mother and other care- givers
WHAT IS THE MICROBIOME? WAIT ... WHATS A MICROBE?The human body is home totrillions of microbes. Thecommunity of microbesliving in intimate associationwith our bodies, and the genesthey contain, make up thehuman microbiome.
A microbe is a microscopic organism - thisincludes viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
Not all microbes make us sick - the microbes inand on our bodies play many essential roles.
2.5lb
2.5 LBS = WEIGHTof the microbiome
3 PINTS = VOLUMEof the microbiome
Viruses outnumber bacteriaby about 5:1.
5 1:99%Microbes contribute an extra
2,000,000 genes to the 20,000 genehuman genome.
urogenitaltract
HUMANMICROBIOME
YOUR BODY: HUMAN AND MICROBES
Learn more about your microbiomeAmerican Academy of Microbiology:
http://bit.ly/HumanMicrobiome
fungal
bacterial
human
WHOS THERE?
A human body is actually onlyabout 25% human cells. Therest is many thousands ofspecies of bacteria and othermicrobes.
Cells in thehuman body:
WHERE ARE THEY? WHAT ARE THEY DOING?
Wherever the human body is exposed tothe outside world, there is a microbialcommunity.
skinGI tractlungsmouth
Our microbiome helps us extract energyand nutrients from the food we eat,
and crowds out or inhibits pathogens.
HOW DO WE GET OUR MICROBIOME?BIRTH:A newborn gets itsmicrobes from:
BREAST MILK:Breast milk has been fine-tuned over millions ofyears to provide:
ENVIRONMENT:For the rest of the babys life, itwill continuously encounter newmicrobes from: soil and water
people, pets, plants
new and diverse foods
nutrients, vitamins, and antibodies diverse microbes to populate the babys gut
its mothers birth canal skin of its mother and other care- givers
WHAT IS THE MICROBIOME? WAIT ... WHATS A MICROBE?The human body is home totrillions of microbes. Thecommunity of microbesliving in intimate associationwith our bodies, and the genesthey contain, make up thehuman microbiome.
A microbe is a microscopic organism - thisincludes viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
Not all microbes make us sick - the microbes inand on our bodies play many essential roles.
2.5lb
2.5 LBS = WEIGHTof the microbiome
3 PINTS = VOLUMEof the microbiome
Viruses outnumber bacteriaby about 5:1.
5 1:99%Microbes contribute an extra
2,000,000 genes to the 20,000 genehuman genome.
urogenitaltract
HUMANMICROBIOME
YOUR BODY: HUMAN AND MICROBES
Learn more about your microbiomeAmerican Academy of Microbiology:
http://bit.ly/HumanMicrobiome
fungal
bacterial
human
WHOS THERE?
A human body is actually onlyabout 25% human cells. Therest is many thousands ofspecies of bacteria and othermicrobes.
Cells in thehuman body:
WHERE ARE THEY? WHAT ARE THEY DOING?
Wherever the human body is exposed tothe outside world, there is a microbialcommunity.
skinGI tractlungsmouth
Our microbiome helps us extract energyand nutrients from the food we eat,
and crowds out or inhibits pathogens.
HOW DO WE GET OUR MICROBIOME?BIRTH:A newborn gets itsmicrobes from:
BREAST MILK:Breast milk has been fine-tuned over millions ofyears to provide:
ENVIRONMENT:For the rest of the babys life, itwill continuously encounter newmicrobes from: soil and water
people, pets, plants
new and diverse foods
nutrients, vitamins, and antibodies diverse microbes to populate the babys gut
its mothers birth canal skin of its mother and other care- givers
WHAT IS THE MICROBIOME? WAIT ... WHATS A MICROBE?The human body is home totrillions of microbes. Thecommunity of microbesliving in intimate associationwith our bodies, and the genesthey contain, make up thehuman microbiome.
A microbe is a microscopic organism - thisincludes viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
Not all microbes make us sick - the microbes inand on our bodies play many essential roles.
2.5lb
2.5 LBS = WEIGHTof the microbiome
3 PINTS = VOLUMEof the microbiome
Viruses outnumber bacteriaby about 5:1.
5 1:99%Microbes contribute an extra
2,000,000 genes to the 20,000 genehuman genome.
urogenitaltract
HUMANMICROBIOME
YOUR BODY: HUMAN AND MICROBES
Learn more about your microbiomeAmerican Academy of Microbiology:
http://bit.ly/HumanMicrobiome
fungal
bacterial
human
WHOS THERE?
A human body is actually onlyabout 25% human cells. Therest is many thousands ofspecies of bacteria and othermicrobes.
Cells in thehuman body:
WHERE ARE THEY? WHAT ARE THEY DOING?
Wherever the human body is exposed tothe outside world, there is a microbialcommunity.
skinGI tractlungsmouth
Our microbiome helps us extract energyand nutrients from the food we eat,
and crowds out or inhibits pathogens.
HOW DO WE GET OUR MICROBIOME?BIRTH:A newborn gets itsmicrobes from:
BREAST MILK:Breast milk has been fine-tuned over millions ofyears to provide:
ENVIRONMENT:For the rest of the babys life, itwill continuously encounter newmicrobes from: soil and water
people, pets, plants
new and diverse foods
nutrients, vitamins, and antibodies diverse microbes to populate the babys gut
its mothers birth canal skin of its mother and other care- givers
WHAT IS THE MICROBIOME? WAIT ... WHATS A MICROBE?The human body is home totrillions of microbes. Thecommunity of microbesliving in intimate associationwith our bodies, and the genesthey contain, make up thehuman microbiome.
A microbe is a microscopic organism - thisincludes viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
Not all microbes make us sick - the microbes inand on our bodies play many essential roles.
2.5lb
2.5 LBS = WEIGHTof the microbiome
3 PINTS = VOLUMEof the microbiome
Viruses outnumber bacteriaby about 5:1.
5 1:99%Microbes contribute an extra
2,000,000 genes to the 20,000 genehuman genome.
urogenitaltract
HUMANMICROBIOME
YOUR BODY: HUMAN AND MICROBES
Learn more about your microbiomeAmerican Academy of Microbiology:
http://bit.ly/HumanMicrobiome
fungal
bacterial
human
WHOS THERE?
A human body is actually onlyabout 25% human cells. Therest is many thousands ofspecies of bacteria and othermicrobes.
Cells in thehuman body:
WHERE ARE THEY? WHAT ARE THEY DOING?
Wherever the human body is exposed tothe outside world, there is a microbialcommunity.
skinGI tractlungsmouth
Our microbiome helps us extract energyand nutrients from the food we eat,
and crowds out or inhibits pathogens.
HOW DO WE GET OUR MICROBIOME?BIRTH:A newborn gets itsmicrobes from:
BREAST MILK:Breast milk has been fine-tuned over millions ofyears to provide:
ENVIRONMENT:For the rest of the babys life, itwill continuously encounter newmicrobes from: soil and water
people, pets, plants
new and diverse foods
nutrients, vitamins, and antibodies diverse microbes to populate the babys gut
its mothers birth canal skin of its mother and other care- givers
WHAT IS THE MICROBIOME? WAIT ... WHATS A MICROBE?The human body is home totrillions of microbes. Thecommunity of microbesliving in intimate associationwith our bodies, and the genesthey contain, make up thehuman microbiome.
A microbe is a microscopic organism - thisincludes viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
Not all microbes make us sick - the microbes inand on our bodies play many essential roles.
2.5lb
2.5 LBS = WEIGHTof the microbiome
3 PINTS = VOLUMEof the microbiome
Viruses outnumber bacteriaby about 5:1.
5 1:99%Microbes contribute an extra
2,000,000 genes to the 20,000 genehuman genome.
urogenitaltract
HUMANMICROBIOME
YOUR BODY: HUMAN AND MICROBES
Learn more about your microbiomeAmerican Academy of Microbiology:
http://bit.ly/HumanMicrobiome
fungal
bacterial
human
WHOS THERE?
A human body is actually onlyabout 25% human cells. Therest is many thousands ofspecies of bacteria and othermicrobes.
Cells in thehuman body:
WHERE ARE THEY? WHAT ARE THEY DOING?
Wherever the human body is exposed tothe outside world, there is a microbialcommunity.
skinGI tractlungsmouth
Our microbiome helps us extract energyand nutrients from the food we eat,
and crowds out or inhibits pathogens.
HOW DO WE GET OUR MICROBIOME?BIRTH:A newborn gets itsmicrobes from:
BREAST MILK:Breast milk has been fine-tuned over millions ofyears to provide:
ENVIRONMENT:For the rest of the babys life, itwill continuously encounter newmicrobes from: soil and water
people, pets, plants
new and diverse foods
nutrients, vitamins, and antibodies diverse microbes to populate the babys gut
its mothers birth canal skin of its mother and other care- givers
WHAT IS THE MICROBIOME? WAIT ... WHATS A MICROBE?The human body is home totrillions of microbes. Thecommunity of microbesliving in intimate associationwith our bodies, and the genesthey contain, make up thehuman microbiome.
A microbe is a microscopic organism - thisincludes viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
Not all microbes make us sick - the microbes inand on our bodies play many essential roles.
2.5lb
2.5 LBS = WEIGHTof the microbiome
3 PINTS = VOLUMEof the microbiome
Viruses outnumber bacteriaby about 5:1.
5 1:99%Microbes contribute an extra
2,000,000 genes to the 20,000 genehuman genome.
urogenitaltract
HUMANMICROBIOME
YOUR BODY: HUMAN AND MICROBES
Learn more about your microbiomeAmerican Academy of Microbiology:
http://bit.ly/HumanMicrobiome
fungal
bacterial
human
WHOS THERE?
A human body is actually onlyabout 25% human cells. Therest is many thousands ofspecies of bacteria and othermicrobes.
Cells in thehuman body:
WHERE ARE THEY? WHAT ARE THEY DOING?
Wherever the human body is exposed tothe outside world, there is a microbialcommunity.
skinGI tractlungsmouth
Our microbiome helps us extract energyand nutrients from the food we eat,
and crowds out or inhibits pathogens.
HOW DO WE GET OUR MICROBIOME?BIRTH:A newborn gets itsmicrobes from:
BREAST MILK:Breast milk has been fine-tuned over millions ofyears to provide:
ENVIRONMENT:For the rest of the babys life, itwill continuously encounter newmicrobes from: soil and water
people, pets, plants
new and diverse foods
nutrients, vitamins, and antibodies diverse microbes to populate the babys gut
its mothers birth canal skin of its mother and other care- givers
WHAT IS THE MICROBIOME? WAIT ... WHATS A MICROBE?The human body is home totrillions of microbes. Thecommunity of microbesliving in intimate associationwith our bodies, and the genesthey contain, make up thehuman microbiome.
A microbe is a microscopic organism - thisincludes viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
Not all microbes make us sick - the microbes inand on our bodies play many essential roles.
2.5lb
2.5 LBS = WEIGHTof the microbiome
3 PINTS = VOLUMEof the microbiome
Viruses outnumber bacteriaby about 5:1.
5 1:99%Microbes contribute an extra
2,000,000 genes to the 20,000 genehuman genome.
urogenitaltract
http://bit.ly/HumanMicrobiome
Genetic Diversity
-
Challenge 1: ComplexityHUMAN
MICROBIOME
YOUR BODY: HUMAN AND MICROBES
Learn more about your microbiomeAmerican Academy of Microbiology:
http://bit.ly/HumanMicrobiome
fungal
bacterial
human
WHOS THERE?
A human body is actually onlyabout 25% human cells. Therest is many thousands ofspecies of bacteria and othermicrobes.
Cells in thehuman body:
WHERE ARE THEY? WHAT ARE THEY DOING?
Wherever the human body is exposed tothe outside world, there is a microbialcommunity.
skinGI tractlungsmouth
Our microbiome helps us extract energyand nutrients from the food we eat,
and crowds out or inhibits pathogens.
HOW DO WE GET OUR MICROBIOME?BIRTH:A newborn gets itsmicrobes from:
BREAST MILK:Breast milk has been fine-tuned over millions ofyears to provide:
ENVIRONMENT:For the rest of the babys life, itwill continuously encounter newmicrobes from: soil and water
people, pets, plants
new and diverse foods
nutrients, vitamins, and antibodies diverse microbes to populate the babys gut
its mothers birth canal skin of its mother and other care- givers
WHAT IS THE MICROBIOME? WAIT ... WHATS A MICROBE?The human body is home totrillions of microbes. Thecommunity of microbesliving in intimate associationwith our bodies, and the genesthey contain, make up thehuman microbiome.
A microbe is a microscopic organism - thisincludes viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
Not all microbes make us sick - the microbes inand on our bodies play many essential roles.
2.5lb
2.5 LBS = WEIGHTof the microbiome
3 PINTS = VOLUMEof the microbiome
Viruses outnumber bacteriaby about 5:1.
5 1:99%Microbes contribute an extra
2,000,000 genes to the 20,000 genehuman genome.
urogenitaltract
HUMANMICROBIOME
YOUR BODY: HUMAN AND MICROBES
Learn more about your microbiomeAmerican Academy of Microbiology:
http://bit.ly/HumanMicrobiome
fungal
bacterial
human
WHOS THERE?
A human body is actually onlyabout 25% human cells. Therest is many thousands ofspecies of bacteria and othermicrobes.
Cells in thehuman body:
WHERE ARE THEY? WHAT ARE THEY DOING?
Wherever the human body is exposed tothe outside world, there is a microbialcommunity.
skinGI tractlungsmouth
Our microbiome helps us extract energyand nutrients from the food we eat,
and crowds out or inhibits pathogens.
HOW DO WE GET OUR MICROBIOME?BIRTH:A newborn gets itsmicrobes from:
BREAST MILK:Breast milk has been fine-tuned over millions ofyears to provide:
ENVIRONMENT:For the rest of the babys life, itwill continuously encounter newmicrobes from: soil and water
people, pets, plants
new and diverse foods
nutrients, vitamins, and antibodies diverse microbes to populate the babys gut
its mothers birth canal skin of its mother and other care- givers
WHAT IS THE MICROBIOME? WAIT ... WHATS A MICROBE?The human body is home totrillions of microbes. Thecommunity of microbesliving in intimate associationwith our bodies, and the genesthey contain, make up thehuman microbiome.
A microbe is a microscopic organism - thisincludes viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
Not all microbes make us sick - the microbes inand on our bodies play many essential roles.
2.5lb
2.5 LBS = WEIGHTof the microbiome
3 PINTS = VOLUMEof the microbiome
Viruses outnumber bacteriaby about 5:1.
5 1:99%Microbes contribute an extra
2,000,000 genes to the 20,000 genehuman genome.
urogenitaltract
Host VariationHUMAN
MICROBIOME
YOUR BODY: HUMAN AND MICROBES
Learn more about your microbiomeAmerican Academy of Microbiology:
http://bit.ly/HumanMicrobiome
fungal
bacterial
human
WHOS THERE?
A human body is actually onlyabout 25% human cells. Therest is many thousands ofspecies of bacteria and othermicrobes.
Cells in thehuman body:
WHERE ARE THEY? WHAT ARE THEY DOING?
Wherever the human body is exposed tothe outside world, there is a microbialcommunity.
skinGI tractlungsmouth
Our microbiome helps us extract energyand nutrients from the food we eat,
and crowds out or inhibits pathogens.
HOW DO WE GET OUR MICROBIOME?BIRTH:A newborn gets itsmicrobes from:
BREAST MILK:Breast milk has been fine-tuned over millions ofyears to provide:
ENVIRONMENT:For the rest of the babys life, itwill continuously encounter newmicrobes from: soil and water
people, pets, plants
new and diverse foods
nutrients, vitamins, and antibodies diverse microbes to populate the babys gut
its mothers birth canal skin of its mother and other care- givers
WHAT IS THE MICROBIOME? WAIT ... WHATS A MICROBE?The human body is home totrillions of microbes. Thecommunity of microbesliving in intimate associationwith our bodies, and the genesthey contain, make up thehuman microbiome.
A microbe is a microscopic organism - thisincludes viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
Not all microbes make us sick - the microbes inand on our bodies play many essential roles.
2.5lb
2.5 LBS = WEIGHTof the microbiome
3 PINTS = VOLUMEof the microbiome
Viruses outnumber bacteriaby about 5:1.
5 1:99%Microbes contribute an extra
2,000,000 genes to the 20,000 genehuman genome.
urogenitaltract
HUMANMICROBIOME
YOUR BODY: HUMAN AND MICROBES
Learn more about your microbiomeAmerican Academy of Microbiology:
http://bit.ly/HumanMicrobiome
fungal
bacterial
human
WHOS THERE?
A human body is actually onlyabout 25% human cells. Therest is many thousands ofspecies of bacteria and othermicrobes.
Cells in thehuman body:
WHERE ARE THEY? WHAT ARE THEY DOING?
Wherever the human body is exposed tothe outside world, there is a microbialcommunity.
skinGI tractlungsmouth
Our microbiome helps us extract energyand nutrients from the food we eat,
and crowds out or inhibits pathogens.
HOW DO WE GET OUR MICROBIOME?BIRTH:A newborn gets itsmicrobes from:
BREAST MILK:Breast milk has been fine-tuned over millions ofyears to provide:
ENVIRONMENT:For the rest of the babys life, itwill continuously encounter newmicrobes from: soil and water
people, pets, plants
new and diverse foods
nutrients, vitamins, and antibodies diverse microbes to populate the babys gut
its mothers birth canal skin of its mother and other care- givers
WHAT IS THE MICROBIOME? WAIT ... WHATS A MICROBE?The human body is home totrillions of microbes. Thecommunity of microbesliving in intimate associationwith our bodies, and the genesthey contain, make up thehuman microbiome.
A microbe is a microscopic organism - thisincludes viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
Not all microbes make us sick - the microbes inand on our bodies play many essential roles.
2.5lb
2.5 LBS = WEIGHTof the microbiome
3 PINTS = VOLUMEof the microbiome
Viruses outnumber bacteriaby about 5:1.
5 1:99%Microbes contribute an extra
2,000,000 genes to the 20,000 genehuman genome.
urogenitaltract
HUMANMICROBIOME
YOUR BODY: HUMAN AND MICROBES
Learn more about your microbiomeAmerican Academy of Microbiology:
http://bit.ly/HumanMicrobiome
fungal
bacterial
human
WHOS THERE?
A human body is actually onlyabout 25% human cells. Therest is many thousands ofspecies of bacteria and othermicrobes.
Cells in thehuman body:
WHERE ARE THEY? WHAT ARE THEY DOING?
Wherever the human body is exposed tothe outside world, there is a microbialcommunity.
skinGI tractlungsmouth
Our microbiome helps us extract energyand nutrients from the food we eat,
and crowds out or inhibits pathogens.
HOW DO WE GET OUR MICROBIOME?BIRTH:A newborn gets itsmicrobes from:
BREAST MILK:Breast milk has been fine-tuned over millions ofyears to provide:
ENVIRONMENT:For the rest of the babys life, itwill continuously encounter newmicrobes from: soil and water
people, pets, plants
new and diverse foods
nutrients, vitamins, and antibodies diverse microbes to populate the babys gut
its mothers birth canal skin of its mother and other care- givers
WHAT IS THE MICROBIOME? WAIT ... WHATS A MICROBE?The human body is home totrillions of microbes. Thecommunity of microbesliving in intimate associationwith our bodies, and the genesthey contain, make up thehuman microbiome.
A microbe is a microscopic organism - thisincludes viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
Not all microbes make us sick - the microbes inand on our bodies play many essential roles.
2.5lb
2.5 LBS = WEIGHTof the microbiome
3 PINTS = VOLUMEof the microbiome
Viruses outnumber bacteriaby about 5:1.
5 1:99%Microbes contribute an extra
2,000,000 genes to the 20,000 genehuman genome.
urogenitaltract
HUMANMICROBIOME
YOUR BODY: HUMAN AND MICROBES
Learn more about your microbiomeAmerican Academy of Microbiology:
http://bit.ly/HumanMicrobiome
fungal
bacterial
human
WHOS THERE?
A human body is actually onlyabout 25% human cells. Therest is many thousands ofspecies of bacteria and othermicrobes.
Cells in thehuman body:
WHERE ARE THEY? WHAT ARE THEY DOING?
Wherever the human body is exposed tothe outside world, there is a microbialcommunity.
skinGI tractlungsmouth
Our microbiome helps us extract energyand nutrients from the food we eat,
and crowds out or inhibits pathogens.
HOW DO WE GET OUR MICROBIOME?BIRTH:A newborn gets itsmicrobes from:
BREAST MILK:Breast milk has been fine-tuned over millions ofyears to provide:
ENVIRONMENT:For the rest of the babys life, itwill continuously encounter newmicrobes from: soil and water
people, pets, plants
new and diverse foods
nutrients, vitamins, and antibodies diverse microbes to populate the babys gut
its mothers birth canal skin of its mother and other care- givers
WHAT IS THE MICROBIOME? WAIT ... WHATS A MICROBE?The human body is home totrillions of microbes. Thecommunity of microbesliving in intimate associationwith our bodies, and the genesthey contain, make up thehuman microbiome.
A microbe is a microscopic organism - thisincludes viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
Not all microbes make us sick - the microbes inand on our bodies play many essential roles.
2.5lb
2.5 LBS = WEIGHTof the microbiome
3 PINTS = VOLUMEof the microbiome
Viruses outnumber bacteriaby about 5:1.
5 1:99%Microbes contribute an extra
2,000,000 genes to the 20,000 genehuman genome.
urogenitaltract
HUMANMICROBIOME
YOUR BODY: HUMAN AND MICROBES
Learn more about your microbiomeAmerican Academy of Microbiology:
http://bit.ly/HumanMicrobiome
fungal
bacterial
human
WHOS THERE?
A human body is actually onlyabout 25% human cells. Therest is many thousands ofspecies of bacteria and othermicrobes.
Cells in thehuman body:
WHERE ARE THEY? WHAT ARE THEY DOING?
Wherever the human body is exposed tothe outside world, there is a microbialcommunity.
skinGI tractlungsmouth
Our microbiome helps us extract energyand nutrients from the food we eat,
and crowds out or inhibits pathogens.
HOW DO WE GET OUR MICROBIOME?BIRTH:A newborn gets itsmicrobes from:
BREAST MILK:Breast milk has been fine-tuned over millions ofyears to provide:
ENVIRONMENT:For the rest of the babys life, itwill continuously encounter newmicrobes from: soil and water
people, pets, plants
new and diverse foods
nutrients, vitamins, and antibodies diverse microbes to populate the babys gut
its mothers birth canal skin of its mother and other care- givers
WHAT IS THE MICROBIOME? WAIT ... WHATS A MICROBE?The human body is home totrillions of microbes. Thecommunity of microbesliving in intimate associationwith our bodies, and the genesthey contain, make up thehuman microbiome.
A microbe is a microscopic organism - thisincludes viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
Not all microbes make us sick - the microbes inand on our bodies play many essential roles.
2.5lb
2.5 LBS = WEIGHTof the microbiome
3 PINTS = VOLUMEof the microbiome
Viruses outnumber bacteriaby about 5:1.
5 1:99%Microbes contribute an extra
2,000,000 genes to the 20,000 genehuman genome.
urogenitaltract
HUMANMICROBIOME
YOUR BODY: HUMAN AND MICROBES
Learn more about your microbiomeAmerican Academy of Microbiology:
http://bit.ly/HumanMicrobiome
fungal
bacterial
human
WHOS THERE?
A human body is actually onlyabout 25% human cells. Therest is many thousands ofspecies of bacteria and othermicrobes.
Cells in thehuman body:
WHERE ARE THEY? WHAT ARE THEY DOING?
Wherever the human body is exposed tothe outside world, there is a microbialcommunity.
skinGI tractlungsmouth
Our microbiome helps us extract energyand nutrients from the food we eat,
and crowds out or inhibits pathogens.
HOW DO WE GET OUR MICROBIOME?BIRTH:A newborn gets itsmicrobes from:
BREAST MILK:Breast milk has been fine-tuned over millions ofyears to provide:
ENVIRONMENT:For the rest of the babys life, itwill continuously encounter newmicrobes from: soil and water
people, pets, plants
new and diverse foods
nutrients, vitamins, and antibodies diverse microbes to populate the babys gut
its mothers birth canal skin of its mother and other care- givers
WHAT IS THE MICROBIOME? WAIT ... WHATS A MICROBE?The human body is home totrillions of microbes. Thecommunity of microbesliving in intimate associationwith our bodies, and the genesthey contain, make up thehuman microbiome.
A microbe is a microscopic organism - thisincludes viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
Not all microbes make us sick - the microbes inand on our bodies play many essential roles.
2.5lb
2.5 LBS = WEIGHTof the microbiome
3 PINTS = VOLUMEof the microbiome
Viruses outnumber bacteriaby about 5:1.
5 1:99%Microbes contribute an extra
2,000,000 genes to the 20,000 genehuman genome.
urogenitaltract
HUMANMICROBIOME
YOUR BODY: HUMAN AND MICROBES
Learn more about your microbiomeAmerican Academy of Microbiology:
http://bit.ly/HumanMicrobiome
fungal
bacterial
human
WHOS THERE?
A human body is actually onlyabout 25% human cells. Therest is many thousands ofspecies of bacteria and othermicrobes.
Cells in thehuman body:
WHERE ARE THEY? WHAT ARE THEY DOING?
Wherever the human body is exposed tothe outside world, there is a microbialcommunity.
skinGI tractlungsmouth
Our microbiome helps us extract energyand nutrients from the food we eat,
and crowds out or inhibits pathogens.
HOW DO WE GET OUR MICROBIOME?BIRTH:A newborn gets itsmicrobes from:
BREAST MILK:Breast milk has been fine-tuned over millions ofyears to provide:
ENVIRONMENT:For the rest of the babys life, itwill continuously encounter newmicrobes from: soil and water
people, pets, plants
new and diverse foods
nutrients, vitamins, and antibodies diverse microbes to populate the babys gut
its mothers birth canal skin of its mother and other care- givers
WHAT IS THE MICROBIOME? WAIT ... WHATS A MICROBE?The human body is home totrillions of microbes. Thecommunity of microbesliving in intimate associationwith our bodies, and the genesthey contain, make up thehuman microbiome.
A microbe is a microscopic organism - thisincludes viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
Not all microbes make us sick - the microbes inand on our bodies play many essential roles.
2.5lb
2.5 LBS = WEIGHTof the microbiome
3 PINTS = VOLUMEof the microbiome
Viruses outnumber bacteriaby about 5:1.
5 1:99%Microbes contribute an extra
2,000,000 genes to the 20,000 genehuman genome.
urogenitaltract
HUMANMICROBIOME
YOUR BODY: HUMAN AND MICROBES
Learn more about your microbiomeAmerican Academy of Microbiology:
http://bit.ly/HumanMicrobiome
fungal
bacterial
human
WHOS THERE?
A human body is actually onlyabout 25% human cells. Therest is many thousands ofspecies of bacteria and othermicrobes.
Cells in thehuman body:
WHERE ARE THEY? WHAT ARE THEY DOING?
Wherever the human body is exposed tothe outside world, there is a microbialcommunity.
skinGI tractlungsmouth
Our microbiome helps us extract energyand nutrients from the food we eat,
and crowds out or inhibits pathogens.
HOW DO WE GET OUR MICROBIOME?BIRTH:A newborn gets itsmicrobes from:
BREAST MILK:Breast milk has been fine-tuned over millions ofyears to provide:
ENVIRONMENT:For the rest of the babys life, itwill continuously encounter newmicrobes from: soil and water
people, pets, plants
new and diverse foods
nutrients, vitamins, and antibodies diverse microbes to populate the babys gut
its mothers birth canal skin of its mother and other care- givers
WHAT IS THE MICROBIOME? WAIT ... WHATS A MICROBE?The human body is home totrillions of microbes. Thecommunity of microbesliving in intimate associationwith our bodies, and the genesthey contain, make up thehuman microbiome.
A microbe is a microscopic organism - thisincludes viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
Not all microbes make us sick - the microbes inand on our bodies play many essential roles.
2.5lb
2.5 LBS = WEIGHTof the microbiome
3 PINTS = VOLUMEof the microbiome
Viruses outnumber bacteriaby about 5:1.
5 1:99%Microbes contribute an extra
2,000,000 genes to the 20,000 genehuman genome.
urogenitaltract
HUMANMICROBIOME
YOUR BODY: HUMAN AND MICROBES
Learn more about your microbiomeAmerican Academy of Microbiology:
http://bit.ly/HumanMicrobiome
fungal
bacterial
human
WHOS THERE?
A human body is actually onlyabout 25% human cells. Therest is many thousands ofspecies of bacteria and othermicrobes.
Cells in thehuman body:
WHERE ARE THEY? WHAT ARE THEY DOING?
Wherever the human body is exposed tothe outside world, there is a microbialcommunity.
skinGI tractlungsmouth
Our microbiome helps us extract energyand nutrients from the food we eat,
and crowds out or inhibits pathogens.
HOW DO WE GET OUR MICROBIOME?BIRTH:A newborn gets itsmicrobes from:
BREAST MILK:Breast milk has been fine-tuned over millions ofyears to provide:
ENVIRONMENT:For the rest of the babys life, itwill continuously encounter newmicrobes from: soil and water
people, pets, plants
new and diverse foods
nutrients, vitamins, and antibodies diverse microbes to populate the babys gut
its mothers birth canal skin of its mother and other care- givers
WHAT IS THE MICROBIOME? WAIT ... WHATS A MICROBE?The human body is home totrillions of microbes. Thecommunity of microbesliving in intimate associationwith our bodies, and the genesthey contain, make up thehuman microbiome.
A microbe is a microscopic organism - thisincludes viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
Not all microbes make us sick - the microbes inand on our bodies play many essential roles.
2.5lb
2.5 LBS = WEIGHTof the microbiome
3 PINTS = VOLUMEof the microbiome
Viruses outnumber bacteriaby about 5:1.
5 1:99%Microbes contribute an extra
2,000,000 genes to the 20,000 genehuman genome.
urogenitaltract
HUMANMICROBIOME
YOUR BODY: HUMAN AND MICROBES
Learn more about your microbiomeAmerican Academy of Microbiology:
http://bit.ly/HumanMicrobiome
fungal
bacterial
human
WHOS THERE?
A human body is actually onlyabout 25% human cells. Therest is many thousands ofspecies of bacteria and othermicrobes.
Cells in thehuman body:
WHERE ARE THEY? WHAT ARE THEY DOING?
Wherever the human body is exposed tothe outside world, there is a microbialcommunity.
skinGI tractlungsmouth
Our microbiome helps us extract energyand nutrients from the food we eat,
and crowds out or inhibits pathogens.
HOW DO WE GET OUR MICROBIOME?BIRTH:A newborn gets itsmicrobes from:
BREAST MILK:Breast milk has been fine-tuned over millions ofyears to provide:
ENVIRONMENT:For the rest of the babys life, itwill continuously encounter newmicrobes from: soil and water
people, pets, plants
new and diverse foods
nutrients, vitamins, and antibodies diverse microbes to populate the babys gut
its mothers birth canal skin of its mother and other care- givers
WHAT IS THE MICROBIOME? WAIT ... WHATS A MICROBE?The human body is home totrillions of microbes. Thecommunity of microbesliving in intimate associationwith our bodies, and the genesthey contain, make up thehuman microbiome.
A microbe is a microscopic organism - thisincludes viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
Not all microbes make us sick - the microbes inand on our bodies play many essential roles.
2.5lb
2.5 LBS = WEIGHTof the microbiome
3 PINTS = VOLUMEof the microbiome
Viruses outnumber bacteriaby about 5:1.
5 1:99%Microbes contribute an extra
2,000,000 genes to the 20,000 genehuman genome.
urogenitaltract
HUMANMICROBIOME
YOUR BODY: HUMAN AND MICROBES
Learn more about your microbiomeAmerican Academy of Microbiology:
http://bit.ly/HumanMicrobiome
fungal
bacterial
human
WHOS THERE?
A human body is actually onlyabout 25% human cells. Therest is many thousands ofspecies of bacteria and othermicrobes.
Cells in thehuman body:
WHERE ARE THEY? WHAT ARE THEY DOING?
Wherever the human body is exposed tothe outside world, there is a microbialcommunity.
skinGI tractlungsmouth
Our microbiome helps us extract energyand nutrients from the food we eat,
and crowds out or inhibits pathogens.
HOW DO WE GET OUR MICROBIOME?BIRTH:A newborn gets itsmicrobes from:
BREAST MILK:Breast milk has been fine-tuned over millions ofyears to provide:
ENVIRONMENT:For the rest of the babys life, itwill continuously encounter newmicrobes from: soil and water
people, pets, plants
new and diverse foods
nutrients, vitamins, and antibodies diverse microbes to populate the babys gut
its mothers birth canal skin of its mother and other care- givers
WHAT IS THE MICROBIOME? WAIT ... WHATS A MICROBE?The human body is home totrillions of microbes. Thecommunity of microbesliving in intimate associationwith our bodies, and the genesthey contain, make up thehuman microbiome.
A microbe is a microscopic organism - thisincludes viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
Not all microbes make us sick - the microbes inand on our bodies play many essential roles.
2.5lb
2.5 LBS = WEIGHTof the microbiome
3 PINTS = VOLUMEof the microbiome
Viruses outnumber bacteriaby about 5:1.
5 1:99%Microbes contribute an extra
2,000,000 genes to the 20,000 genehuman genome.
urogenitaltract
HUMANMICROBIOME
YOUR BODY: HUMAN AND MICROBES
Learn more about your microbiomeAmerican Academy of Microbiology:
http://bit.ly/HumanMicrobiome
fungal
bacterial
human
WHOS THERE?
A human body is actually onlyabout 25% human cells. Therest is many thousands ofspecies of bacteria and othermicrobes.
Cells in thehuman body:
WHERE ARE THEY? WHAT ARE THEY DOING?
Wherever the human body is exposed tothe outside world, there is a microbialcommunity.
skinGI tractlungsmouth
Our microbiome helps us extract energyand nutrients from the food we eat,
and crowds out or inhibits pathogens.
HOW DO WE GET OUR MICROBIOME?BIRTH:A newborn gets itsmicrobes from:
BREAST MILK:Breast milk has been fine-tuned over millions ofyears to provide:
ENVIRONMENT:For the rest of the babys life, itwill continuously encounter newmicrobes from: soil and water
people, pets, plants
new and diverse foods
nutrients, vitamins, and antibodies diverse microbes to populate the babys gut
its mothers birth canal skin of its mother and other care- givers
WHAT IS THE MICROBIOME? WAIT ... WHATS A MICROBE?The human body is home totrillions of microbes. Thecommunity of microbesliving in intimate associationwith our bodies, and the genesthey contain, make up thehuman microbiome.
A microbe is a microscopic organism - thisincludes viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
Not all microbes make us sick - the microbes inand on our bodies play many essential roles.
2.5lb
2.5 LBS = WEIGHTof the microbiome
3 PINTS = VOLUMEof the microbiome
Viruses outnumber bacteriaby about 5:1.
5 1:99%Microbes contribute an extra
2,000,000 genes to the 20,000 genehuman genome.
urogenitaltract
HUMANMICROBIOME
YOUR BODY: HUMAN AND MICROBES
Learn more about your microbiomeAmerican Academy of Microbiology:
http://bit.ly/HumanMicrobiome
fungal
bacterial
human
WHOS THERE?
A human body is actually onlyabout 25% human cells. Therest is many thousands ofspecies of bacteria and othermicrobes.
Cells in thehuman body:
WHERE ARE THEY? WHAT ARE THEY DOING?
Wherever the human body is exposed tothe outside world, there is a microbialcommunity.
skinGI tractlungsmouth
Our microbiome helps us extract energyand nutrients from the food we eat,
and crowds out or inhibits pathogens.
HOW DO WE GET OUR MICROBIOME?BIRTH:A newborn gets itsmicrobes from:
BREAST MILK:Breast milk has been fine-tuned over millions ofyears to provide:
ENVIRONMENT:For the rest of the babys life, itwill continuously encounter newmicrobes from: soil and water
people, pets, plants
new and diverse foods
nutrients, vitamins, and antibodies diverse microbes to populate the babys gut
its mothers birth canal skin of its mother and other care- givers
WHAT IS THE MICROBIOME? WAIT ... WHATS A MICROBE?The human body is home totrillions of microbes. Thecommunity of microbesliving in intimate associationwith our bodies, and the genesthey contain, make up thehuman microbiome.
A microbe is a microscopic organism - thisincludes viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
Not all microbes make us sick - the microbes inand on our bodies play many essential roles.
2.5lb
2.5 LBS = WEIGHTof the microbiome
3 PINTS = VOLUMEof the microbiome
Viruses outnumber bacteriaby about 5:1.
5 1:99%Microbes contribute an extra
2,000,000 genes to the 20,000 genehuman genome.
urogenitaltract
HUMANMICROBIOME
YOUR BODY: HUMAN AND MICROBES
Learn more about your microbiomeAmerican Academy of Microbiology:
http://bit.ly/HumanMicrobiome
fungal
bacterial
human
WHOS THERE?
A human body is actually onlyabout 25% human cells. Therest is many thousands ofspecies of bacteria and othermicrobes.
Cells in thehuman body:
WHERE ARE THEY? WHAT ARE THEY DOING?
Wherever the human body is exposed tothe outside world, there is a microbialcommunity.
skinGI tractlungsmouth
Our microbiome helps us extract energyand nutrients from the food we eat,
and crowds out or inhibits pathogens.
HOW DO WE GET OUR MICROBIOME?BIRTH:A newborn gets itsmicrobes from:
BREAST MILK:Breast milk has been fine-tuned over millions ofyears to provide:
ENVIRONMENT:For the rest of the babys life, itwill continuously encounter newmicrobes from: soil and water
people, pets, plants
new and diverse foods
nutrients, vitamins, and antibodies diverse microbes to populate the babys gut
its mothers birth canal skin of its mother and other care- givers
WHAT IS THE MICROBIOME? WAIT ... WHATS A MICROBE?The human body is home totrillions of microbes. Thecommunity of microbesliving in intimate associationwith our bodies, and the genesthey contain, make up thehuman microbiome.
A microbe is a microscopic organism - thisincludes viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
Not all microbes make us sick - the microbes inand on our bodies play many essential roles.
2.5lb
2.5 LBS = WEIGHTof the microbiome
3 PINTS = VOLUMEof the microbiome
Viruses outnumber bacteriaby about 5:1.
5 1:99%Microbes contribute an extra
2,000,000 genes to the 20,000 genehuman genome.
urogenitaltract
HUMANMICROBIOME
YOUR BODY: HUMAN AND MICROBES
Learn more about your microbiomeAmerican Academy of Microbiology:
http://bit.ly/HumanMicrobiome
fungal
bacterial
human
WHOS THERE?
A human body is actually onlyabout 25% human cells. Therest is many thousands ofspecies of bacteria and othermicrobes.
Cells in thehuman body:
WHERE ARE THEY? WHAT ARE THEY DOING?
Wherever the human body is exposed tothe outside world, there is a microbialcommunity.
skinGI tractlungsmouth
Our microbiome helps us extract energyand nutrients from the food we eat,
and crowds out or inhibits pathogens.
HOW DO WE GET OUR MICROBIOME?BIRTH:A newborn gets itsmicrobes from:
BREAST MILK:Breast milk has been fine-tuned over millions ofyears to provide:
ENVIRONMENT:For the rest of the babys life, itwill continuously encounter newmicrobes from: soil and water
people, pets, plants
new and diverse foods
nutrients, vitamins, and antibodies diverse microbes to populate the babys gut
its mothers birth canal skin of its mother and other care- givers
WHAT IS THE MICROBIOME? WAIT ... WHATS A MICROBE?The human body is home totrillions of microbes. Thecommunity of microbesliving in intimate associationwith our bodies, and the genesthey contain, make up thehuman microbiome.
A microbe is a microscopic organism - thisincludes viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
Not all microbes make us sick - the microbes inand on our bodies play many essential roles.
2.5lb
2.5 LBS = WEIGHTof the microbiome
3 PINTS = VOLUMEof the microbiome
Viruses outnumber bacteriaby about 5:1.
5 1:99%Microbes contribute an extra
2,000,000 genes to the 20,000 genehuman genome.
urogenitaltract
HUMANMICROBIOME
YOUR BODY: HUMAN AND MICROBES
Learn more about your microbiomeAmerican Academy of Microbiology:
http://bit.ly/HumanMicrobiome
fungal
bacterial
human
WHOS THERE?
A human body is actually onlyabout 25% human cells. Therest is many thousands ofspecies of bacteria and othermicrobes.
Cells in thehuman body:
WHERE ARE THEY? WHAT ARE THEY DOING?
Wherever the human body is exposed tothe outside world, there is a microbialcommunity.
skinGI tractlungsmouth
Our microbiome helps us extract energyand nutrients from the food we eat,
and crowds out or inhibits pathogens.
HOW DO WE GET OUR MICROBIOME?BIRTH:A newborn gets itsmicrobes from:
BREAST MILK:Breast milk has been fine-tuned over millions ofyears to provide:
ENVIRONMENT:For the rest of the babys life, itwill continuously encounter newmicrobes from: soil and water
people, pets, plants
new and diverse foods
nutrients, vitamins, and antibodies diverse microbes to populate the babys gut
its mothers birth canal skin of its mother and other care- givers
WHAT IS THE MICROBIOME? WAIT ... WHATS A MICROBE?The human body is home totrillions of microbes. Thecommunity of microbesliving in intimate associationwith our bodies, and the genesthey contain, make up thehuman microbiome.
A microbe is a microscopic organism - thisincludes viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
Not all microbes make us sick - the microbes inand on our bodies play many essential roles.
2.5lb
2.5 LBS = WEIGHTof the microbiome
3 PINTS = VOLUMEof the microbiome
Viruses outnumber bacteriaby about 5:1.
5 1:99%Microbes contribute an extra
2,000,000 genes to the 20,000 genehuman genome.
urogenitaltract
HUMANMICROBIOME
YOUR BODY: HUMAN AND MICROBES
Learn more about your microbiomeAmerican Academy of Microbiology:
http://bit.ly/HumanMicrobiome
fungal
bacterial
human
WHOS THERE?
A human body is actually onlyabout 25% human cells. Therest is many thousands ofspecies of bacteria and othermicrobes.
Cells in thehuman body:
WHERE ARE THEY? WHAT ARE THEY DOING?
Wherever the human body is exposed tothe outside world, there is a microbialcommunity.
skinGI tractlungsmouth
Our microbiome helps us extract energyand nutrients from the food we eat,
and crowds out or inhibits pathogens.
HOW DO WE GET OUR MICROBIOME?BIRTH:A newborn gets itsmicrobes from:
BREAST MILK:Breast milk has been fine-tuned over millions ofyears to provide:
ENVIRONMENT:For the rest of the babys life, itwill continuously encounter newmicrobes from: soil and water
people, pets, plants
new and diverse foods
nutrients, vitamins, and antibodies diverse microbes to populate the babys gut
its mothers birth canal skin of its mother and other care- givers
WHAT IS THE MICROBIOME? WAIT ... WHATS A MICROBE?The human body is home totrillions of microbes. Thecommunity of microbesliving in intimate associationwith our bodies, and the genesthey contain, make up thehuman microbiome.
A microbe is a microscopic organism - thisincludes viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
Not all microbes make us sick - the microbes inand on our bodies play many essential roles.
2.5lb
2.5 LBS = WEIGHTof the microbiome
3 PINTS = VOLUMEof the microbiome
Viruses outnumber bacteriaby about 5:1.
5 1:99%Microbes contribute an extra
2,000,000 genes to the 20,000 genehuman genome.
urogenitaltract
HUMANMICROBIOME
YOUR BODY: HUMAN AND MICROBES
Learn more about your microbiomeAmerican Academy of Microbiology:
http://bit.ly/HumanMicrobiome
fungal
bacterial
human
WHOS THERE?
A human body is actually onlyabout 25% human cells. Therest is many thousands ofspecies of bacteria and othermicrobes.
Cells in thehuman body:
WHERE ARE THEY? WHAT ARE THEY DOING?
Wherever the human body is exposed tothe outside world, there is a microbialcommunity.
skinGI tractlungsmouth
Our microbiome helps us extract energyand nutrients from the food we eat,
and crowds out or inhibits pathogens.
HOW DO WE GET OUR MICROBIOME?BIRTH:A newborn gets itsmicrobes from:
BREAST MILK:Breast milk has been fine-tuned over millions ofyears to provide:
ENVIRONMENT:For the rest of the babys life, itwill continuously encounter newmicrobes from: soil and water
people, pets, plants
new and diverse foods
nutrients, vitamins, and antibodies diverse microbes to populate the babys gut
its mothers birth canal skin of its mother and other care- givers
WHAT IS THE MICROBIOME? WAIT ... WHATS A MICROBE?The human body is home totrillions of microbes. Thecommunity of microbesliving in intimate associationwith our bodies, and the genesthey contain, make up thehuman microbiome.
A microbe is a microscopic organism - thisincludes viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
Not all microbes make us sick - the microbes inand on our bodies play many essential roles.
2.5lb
2.5 LBS = WEIGHTof the microbiome
3 PINTS = VOLUMEof the microbiome
Viruses outnumber bacteriaby about 5:1.
5 1:99%Microbes contribute an extra
2,000,000 genes to the 20,000 genehuman genome.
urogenitaltract
HUMANMICROBIOME
YOUR BODY: HUMAN AND MICROBES
Learn more about your microbiomeAmerican Academy of Microbiology:
http://bit.ly/HumanMicrobiome
fungal
bacterial
human
WHOS THERE?
A human body is actually onlyabout 25% human cells. Therest is many thousands ofspecies of bacteria and othermicrobes.
Cells in thehuman body:
WHERE ARE THEY? WHAT ARE THEY DOING?
Wherever the human body is exposed tothe outside world, there is a microbialcommunity.
skinGI tractlungsmouth
Our microbiome helps us extract energyand nutrients from the food we eat,
and crowds out or inhibits pathogens.
HOW DO WE GET OUR MICROBIOME?BIRTH:A newborn gets itsmicrobes from:
BREAST MILK: