CIRRICULUM VITAE TONY M. ALLEN State Geotechnical Engineer Washington State Dept. of Transportation State Materials Lab, Olympia, WA Home: (360) 357-3814 TandTAllen@outlook.com Work: (360) 709-5450 Allent@wsdot.wa.gov Work, Cell Phone: (360) 481-1114 EDUCATION Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR: BS in Civil Engineering, 1980 Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR: MS in Geotechnical Engineering, 1983 PROFESSIONAL REGISTRATION AND ASSOCIATIONS Registered Professional Engineer, Civil Engineering, State of Washington, #25339, since

July, 1988 American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) – member International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE) - member North American Geosynthetics Society (NAGS) - member International Geosynthetics Society (IGS) - member Tau Beta Pi, Alpha Chapter, Oregon (Engineering Honor Society) - life member AWARDS

R. M. Quigley Award, 2015, Canadian Geotechnical Society, for the paper “Performance of an 11 m High Block-Faced Geogrid Wall Designed Using the K-Stiffness Method” published in the Canadian Geotechnical Journal.

ASTM D35 Committee David L. Suits Award, 2015, for significant career contributions and leadership in the development and improvement of geosynthetic test standards and evaluation protocols, including the evaluation of geosynthetic reinforcement.

Geosynthetic Materials Association (GMA) Friend of the Industry Award, 2015, for significant contributions to the improvement of the geosynthetics industry, including the development of ground breaking geosynthetic manufacturer audit program.

Geotextiles and Geomembranes Best Paper Award, 2011, an official journal for the International Geosynthetics Society, for the paper “Analysis of installation damage tests for LRFD calibration of reinforced soil structures.”

Georisk Journal Best Paper Award, 2011, a journal devoted to the Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards, for the paper “Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) Calibration for Steel Grid Reinforced Soil Walls.”

IGS Award, 2010, International Geosynthetics Society, presented in Guaruja, Brazil (for the development of a new reinforced soil wall design method – K-Stiffness Method)

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Casimir Gzowski Medal, 2009, Canadian Society for Civil Engineering, for the paper “Calibration Concepts for Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) of Reinforced Soil Walls” published in the Canadian Geotechnical Journal. Canada’s oldest engineering medal.

R. M. Quigley Award, 2007, Canadian Geotechnical Society, for the paper “The influence of facing rigidity on the performance of two geosynthetic reinforced soil retaining walls” published in the Canadian Geotechnical Journal.

Geotextiles and Geomembranes Best Paper Award, 2005, an official journal for the International Geosynthetics Society, for the paper “Reinforcement Loads in Geosynthetic Walls and the case for a New Working Stress Design Method, 2002-2004 Mercer Lecture.”

R. M. Quigley Award (honourable mention – 1st runner up), 2004, Canadian Geotechnical Society, for the paper “A New Working Stress Method for Prediction of Reinforcement Loads in Geosynthetic Walls” published in the Canadian Geotechnical Journal.

Casimir Gzowski Medal (honourable mention – 1st runner up), 2004, Canadian Society for Civil Engineering, for the paper “A New Working Stress Method for Prediction of Reinforcement Loads in Geosynthetic Walls” published in the Canadian Geotechnical Journal.

IGS Award, 2002, International Geosynthetics Society, presented in Nice, France (for work in the determination of long-term strength of geosynthetics)

Governor’s Award for Organizational Learning and Growth, 2003, Deschutes Parkway Reconstruction Team

Best Technical Presentation, 2005 Northwest Geotechnical Workshop, Jackson, WY (for the presentation “Design and Performance of Two Block Faced Geogrid Walls Up to 36 ft High”)

Best Technical Presentation, 1998 Northwest Geotechnical Workshop, Park City, UT (for the presentation “LRFD Foundation Design Implementation”)

Mr. Northwest Geotech, 1995 Northwest Geotechnical Workshop, Portland, OR (for sustained long-term service and contribution to the geotechnical profession with regard to the FHWA Region 8 and 10 states)

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE Overview of Positions Held Mr. Allen has served as the WSDOT State Geotechnical Engineer since 1993 and has been a geotechnical engineer with WSDOT since 1983. In his role as the State Geotechnical Engineer, he is responsible to develop and carry out the WSDOT geotechnical engineering program statewide, including, for example, design and construction of: foundations for bridges, buried structures, marine terminals, and other structures, retaining walls, cuts and fills in soil and rock, landslide, debris flow and rockfall stabilization, including emergency response, geotechnical features that address transportation facility runoff (e.g., infiltration facilities)

and environmental mitigation needs, and geotechnical materials assessment (e,g., soil and rock, as well as specialized materials

including geosynthetics and lightweight fill materials).

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He manages up to approximately 60 staff including geotechnical engineers, engineering geologists, field exploration crews, laboratory technicians, and administrative staff to accomplish this work, as well as multiple geotechnical consultant and drilling contracts to manage workload peaks. On occasion he acts as the project manager for specific projects. However, in most cases he provides overall geotechnical program management, and functions as the principal in charge for all WSDOT geotechnical designs, including development of contract documents for both design-bid-build and design-build projects, and construction support. As such, he provides final technical review of all geotechnical reports produced for WSDOT to insure that accurate and cost effective designs are produced, as well as guiding and mentoring design staff as they develop their project geotechnical designs. As the State Geotechnical Engineer, he is the statewide geotechnical policy maker for the agency. For all intents and purposes, he has final authority regarding all geotechnical decisions statewide in the department. Most of those policies are documented in the WSDOT Geotechnical Design Manual, for which Mr. Allen has functioned as the lead writer. He also participates at the national level in organizations such as the AASHTO Subcommittee on Bridges and Structures, the National Transportation Product Evaluation Panel (NTPEP), and the Highway Innovative Technology Evaluation Center (HITEC), to influence and develop national geotechnical design policy so that national policy can be well integrated with state policy. He also interfaces with contractor associations and other industry groups to insure a cooperative relationship between WSDOT and industry regarding the implementation of geotechnical policies. Prior to becoming the State Geotechnical Engineer (1983 to 1993), Mr. Allen had various roles within the WSDOT Geotechnical Office ranging from staff geotechnical engineer to Chief Foundation Engineer. In those roles, he provided geotechnical design, construction support, and project management for a number of geotechnical projects. Prior to coming to work for WSDOT (i.e., 1978 to 1983), Mr. Allen worked briefly (several months) for a geotechnical consultant (Willamette Geotechnical, Corvallis, OR) as a geotechnical designer and foundation construction inspector, as a research assistant at Oregon State University conducting research on dynamic properties of frozen soil and geosynthetics, and doing logging road construction and basic surveying during the summers. Professional Experience– Example Projects This section provides summaries of examples of projects in which Mr. Allen had major involvement in the geotechnical design (as the lead designer) and/or engineering management of the project. Project: SR-90, SR-5 to Third Lake Washington Floating Bridge, Seattle, WA, 1984–1991

Scope of Project – widening of several miles of I-90 from SR-5 to Lake Washington, including several interchanges, major cuts supported by walls, preload fills and temporary walls (at the time, the tallest welded wire and geosynthetic walls in the world), cut-and-cover tunnels and lidded structures, tunnel fan rooms, a floating bridge, and landslide remediation, accomplished through multiple, overlapping construction projects.

Role/responsibility – geotechnical project manager, providing geotechnical consultant oversight and review of consultant designs, providing geotechnical design for portions of

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the project, providing geotechnical inspection/construction support and geotechnical design when design revisions during construction became necessary, and providing geotechnical construction claims support.

Geotechnical skills developed/used – This was an extremely complex and diverse project. Examples of geotechnical skills developed/used include development and implementation of subsurface investigation and testing plans, development of complex stratigraphy and ground water models with consideration to site geologic history, evaluation of geotechnical instrumentation measurements such as piezometers, inclinometers, settlement measurement devices, earth pressure cells, and strain gauges, implementation of the Observational Method, geotechnical back-analysis, pile load testing and analysis, preload design to mitigate settlement, ground improvement design, design of all types of walls and shoring systems, applied geotechnical research to develop project design parameters and procedures (e.g., the long-term tieback test program in clay), foundation design, geosynthetic design, geotechnical construction inspection and testing, wave equation analysis, landslide analysis and mitigation, design in stiff fissured clays, assessment of geotechnical construction claim validity, etc.

Project: SR-167, SR-161 to 6th St., Auburn, roadway/embankment widening to 4 lanes, 1985/1986

Scope of Project – Widening of 6 miles of highway embankments, including interchange ramps, over very soft silts, clays, and peats.

Role/responsibility – geotechnical project manager and primary geotechnical designer Geotechnical skills developed/used – development and implementation of field

investigation and testing plans, integration of site history and site geological information with subsurface data to characterize subsurface conditions, embankment settlement and stability analysis, calculation of soil strength gain with time under embankment loading, embankment settlement and stability mitigation, and geosynthetic reinforcement design

Project: SR-409, Puget Island Bridge Design and Construction, 1986 Scope of Project – Located in coastal southwest Washington, consisted of a 1500 ft long

bridge in which all but the main spans over the Columbia River were replaced. Role/responsibility – geotechnical project manager and primary geotechnical designer,

including administration of a consultant contract for Dutch Cone testing Geotechnical skills developed/used – development and implementation of site

investigation and lab testing plans, use of Dutch Cone data for design, seismic design including liquefaction analysis and mitigation, pile foundation design, pile load test development, pile drivability analysis, use of pile driving analyzer (PDA), development of driving criteria using wave equation, PDA and CAPWAP data/analysis, geotechnical construction support, assessment of geotechnical construction claim validity

Project: SR-304, Bremerton Ferry Terminal, Dock and Trestle Reconstruction, 1988 Scope of Project – Pile foundation support for dock and trestle structures, and a bulkhead

wall Role/Responsibility – geotechnical project manager and primary geotechnical designer Geotechnical skills developed/used – precast concrete pile foundation design, predrilling

design, pile drivability analysis, and bulkhead (soldier pile) design, as applied to marine facilities

Project: SR-405, South Renton Interchange to Sunset Blvd, 1990 Scope of Project – Included the widening or replacement of 6 bridges, and the

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construction of 23 retaining walls, one of which was a tiered wall that retained a major cut made to straighten the Renton S-Curves, over a 1.5 mile length of freeway.

Role/Responsibility – geotechnical project manager and primary geotechnical designer, including administration of a consultant contract for a pipeline design through the tiered wall

Geotechnical skills developed/used – development and implementation of subsurface investigation and testing plans, development of complex stratigraphy and ground water models with consideration to site geologic history, soil nail wall design, bridge foundation design, seismic design, reinforced soil wall design, including a temporary 46 ft high geosynthetic wall with complex geometry needed for stage construction of a bridge, settlement analysis, slope stability, and geotechnical construction support

Project: SR-405, NE 8th to Northup, 1991 Scope of Project – Included a number of bridges and retaining walls within and

approaching the SR-405/SR-520 interchange, both on SR-405 and SR-520, as well as roadway fills

Role/Responsibility – geotechnical project manager, including administration of a consultant contract. Designs were completed by Mr. Allen, his engineering staff, and a consultant.

Geotechnical skills developed/used – geotechnical field and laboratory investigation planning and implementation, geotechnical design review, geotechnical staff mentoring, foundation design, seismic design, wall design, including some of WSDOT’s earliest geogrid modular block faced walls, settlement analysis and mitigation, slope stability, and geotechnical construction support.

Project: SR-90, Bellevue Transit Access SSL Flyover Ramp, 1992 Scope of Project – Consists of a 3,000 ft long bridge connecting southbound SR-405

traffic to westbound SR-90, and included a wall supported approach fill at one end Role/Responsibility – geotechnical project manager and primary geotechnical designer Geotechnical skills developed/used – geotechnical field and laboratory investigation

planning and implementation, characterization and analysis of peat, deep foundation design with unique non-standard features to address the weakness of the peat and lack of lateral foundation resistance, artesian conditions in the bearing layer, and difficulty in getting pile penetration in the very dense bearing layer, seismic design and liquefaction analysis and mitigation, and geotechnical construction support

Project: Olympia, Deschutes Parkway Earthquake Repair, Sept. 2001 Scope of Project – The state Department of General Administration managed/maintained

Deschutes Parkway, which provides secondary access to the state capitol, was severely damaged due to liquefaction and lateral spreading due to the 2001 Nisqually earthquake. The scope of the project was to repair/replace the damaged sections of roadway.

Role/Responsibility – geotechnical project manager and primary geotechnical designer, as well as geotechnical design review of analyses conducted by engineering staff, and coordination with the University of Washington for special shear strength testing

Geotechnical skills developed/used – geotechnical forensic analyses to assess nature and cause of roadway and bridge damage, development and implementation of field investigation and testing plans, use of Dutch cone/piezocone data for liquefaction assessment, assessment of geotechnical instrumentation data (piezometers and inclinometers), liquefaction and lateral spreading analysis, ground improvement design,

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geosynthetic reinforcement design, providing geotechnical expertise at public meetings, meetings with legislators, and interviews with the press (newspaper and television), and providing geotechnical construction support

Project: SR-500, Thurston Way I/C, Vancouver, WA, 2002 Scope of Project – WSDOT’s first design-build project. The project consisted of an

interchange, including a bridge overcrossing structure. Role/Responsibility – geotechnical project manager and principal in charge, using

geotechnical staff to develop the geotechnical concept design, taking the lead in developing the geotechnical portions of the RFP and other geotechnical documents for the contract, participating in proposal and Alternative Technical Concept (ATC) review, and managing the geotechnical aspects of the contract after award

Geotechnical skills developed/used – application of geotechnical engineering to design-build contracting, development of geotechnical contract specifications, and handling liquefaction mitigation in a design-build environment

Project: SR-18, Maple Valley to Issaquah-Hobart Rd., 2003 to 2006 Scope of Project – This project, located NE of Auburn and SE of Seattle in the Cascade

foothills, consisted of numerous walls, several bridges, earthwork, and several infiltration ponds.

Role/Responsibility – geotechnical project manager and principal in charge. Designs were completed by in-house geotechnical staff. However, Mr. Allen conducted all the geotechnical design of two geogrid reinforced concrete block faced walls, Walls C and D, using a new, less conservative design procedure

Geotechnical skills developed/used – geotechnical design review, geotechnical staff mentoring, reinforced soil wall design, instrumentation planning and monitoring for the two geogrid block faced walls (including strain gauges and extensometers to monitor strains in the geogrid reinforcement), using the observational method to assess the adequacy of the wall designs, implementation of a new reinforced soil wall design method developed by Mr. Allen and a professor in Canada, Dr. Richard Bathurst, analysis of the monitoring results, and geotechnical construction support

TECHNICAL COMMITTEES (PRESENT)

Member, International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE), Technical Committee TC205, Limit States Design, (US representative) 2012 to present.

Member’s Representative, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Bridge Subcommittee, Technical Committee T-15 (Foundations and Walls), 1997 to present and T-3 (Seismic Design), 2014 to present. Served as Vice-Chairman AASHTO Bridge Technical Committee T-15 on Foundations and Walls, 2003 to 2015, and chairman AASHTO Bridge Technical Committee T-15 on Foundations and Walls, 2015 to present. Also member of T-3.

Special Note: Mr. Allen has been the lead writer or a major contributor of most of the current geotechnical design specifications (specifically, foundations and walls) contained within the AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, and the

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AASHTO Guide Specifications for LRFD Seismic Bridge Design produced by the AASHTO Bridge Subcommittee.

Chairman, AASHTO National Transportation Product Evaluation Panel (NTPEP) Technical Committee on Geosynthetics, 2005 to 2016, and just member to present.

Special Note: Mr. Allen started and developed the NTPEP Geosynthetic Reinforcement evaluation program under the auspices of the NTPEP Geosynthetics Technical Committee based on WSDOT Standard Practice T925 (Mr. Allen is sole author of T925). This Standard Practice is being used worldwide as the protocol of choice for evaluating geosynthetic reinforcement. T925 has been converted to an AASHTO standard Practice (R069).

Member, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Materials Subcommittee, Technical Committee 4e (geosynthetics), 2014 to present.

Special Note: Mr. Allen was active as a friend of the committee, participating on committee task forces, since 1993. During that time, Mr. Allen helped to develop AASHTO M288 (specifications for geotextiles in highway applications – 1993-1996), a committee report on the use of geosynthetics in pavement base reinforcement applications (1999-2000), as well as the development of updates to AASHTO M288. Beginning in 2009, Mr. Allen also took the lead in converting WSDOT T925 (protocol for evaluating geosynthetic reinforcement long-term strength) to an AASHTO standard Practice (R069). Mr. Allen was appointed to be a member of this technical committee due to his pivotal national role in the development of geosynthetics testing and evaluation protocols.

Chairman, Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) for Pooled Fund Study SPR-03(072), “Strength and Deformation Analysis of Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) Walls at Working Loads and Failure”, including 12 state Transportation Department, 2 industry organization, and 3 Canadian government research funding study partners with a total funding commitment of over $2,500,000, 1991 to present.

Special Note: Mr. Allen has functioned as co-PI for much of the research produced through this pooled fund project.

Member, Technical Evaluation Panel for Earth Retaining Systems, Highway Innovative Technology Evaluation Center (HITEC), American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1997 to present.

Member, Committee on Geosynthetics, AFS70 (formerly A2K07), Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, 1991 to present.

Member, Steering Committee for the Northwest Geotechnical Workshop, 1991 to present. TECHNICAL COMMITTEES (PAST) Member, Committee on Foundations of Bridges and Other Structures, AFS30 (formerly

A2K03), Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, 2004 to 2010. Member, project panel for NCHRP 12-55 on LRFD Calibration of Earth Loads, 2000 to

2008.

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Member, project panel for NCHRP 20-07, Task 186 on Updating the Calibration Report for the AASHTO LRFD Code, 2005 to 2007.

Member, project panel for NCHRP 20-07, Task 88 on LRFD Calibration of Retaining Walls, 1998-1999.

Chairman, Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) for National Pooled Fund Study HPR-2(155), “Durability of Geosynthetics for Highway Applications”, including multiple state Transportation Department, industry organization, and Federal Highway Administration study partners with a total funding commitment of over $1,500,000, 1991 to 1999.

Co-Chairman, Subcommittee on Geosynthetic Durability, A2K07(1), Transportation Research Board (TRB), National Research Council, 1991 to 1997.

Member, USA Mirror Committee to CEN 288 WG9 on Soil Reinforcement (CEN is a European standards committee), 1998 to 2000.

Member, Geotechnical Engineering Scanning Tour to Canada and Europe on Innovative Contracting, Load and Resistance Factor Design, and Geotechnical Innovations, FHWA, 1999.

Member, Technical Working Group (TWG), FHWA Demonstration Project 103 on Soil Nail Wall Design and Construction, 1995 to 1996.

PUBLICATIONS - Scholarly Journals

1. Allen, T.M. and Bathurst, R.J., 1994, "Characterization of Geosynthetic Load-Strain Behavior after Installation Damage", Geosynthetics International, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 181-199.

2. Allen, T. M., and Bathurst, R. J., 1996, “Combined Allowable Strength Reduction Factor for Geosynthetic Creep and Installation Damage,” Geosynthetics International, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 407-439.

3. Allen, T.M. and Bathurst, R.J., 2002, Observed Long-Term Performance of Geosynthetic Walls, and Implications for Design, Geosynthetics International, Vol. 9, Nos. 5-6, pp. 567-606.

4. Allen, T.M. and Bathurst, R.J., 2002, Soil Reinforcement Loads in Geosynthetic Walls at Working Stress Conditions, Geosynthetics International, Vol. 9, Nos. 5-6, pp. 525-566.

5. Allen, T.M., Bathurst, R.J., and Berg, R.R., 2002, Global Level of Safety and Performance of Geosynthetic Walls: An Historical Perspective, Geosynthetics International, Vol. 9, Nos. 5-6, pp. 395-450.

6. Allen, T.M., Bathurst, R.J., Holtz, R.D., Walters, D.L. and Lee, W.F., 2003. “A New Working Stress Method for Prediction of Reinforcement Loads in Geosynthetic Walls”, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 40, No. 5, pp. 976-994.

7. Allen, T.M., Bathurst, R.J., Lee, W. F., Holtz, R.D., and Walters, D.L., 2004, “A New Method for Prediction of Loads in Steel Reinforced Walls”, ASCE Journal of Geotechnical and Geo-environmental Engineering, Vol. 130, No. 11, pp. 1109-1120.

8. Allen, T.M., and Bathurst, R.J., 2013, “Design and Performance of a 6.3 m High Block-Faced Geogrid Wall Designed Using the K-Stiffness Method”, ASCE Journal of Geotechnical and Geo-environmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001013, 12 pp.

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9. Allen, T. M., and Bathurst, R. J., 2014, “Design and Performance of a 11 m High Block-Faced Geogrid Wall Designed Using the K-Stiffness Method,” Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 51, dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2013-0261, pp. 16-29.

10. Allen, T.M., and Bathurst, R.J., 2015, “Improved Simplified Method for Prediction of Loads in Reinforced Soil Walls,” ASCE Journal of Geotechnical and Geo-environmental Engineering, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001355, 14 pp.

11. Allen, T.M. and Bathurst, R.J. 2016. Closure to "Improved Simplified Method for Prediction of Loads in Reinforced Soil Walls" by Tony M. Allen and Richard J. Bathurst. ASCE Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering (http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001549), 07016019.

12. Bathurst, R.J., Allen, T.M., and Nowak, A.S., 2008, “Calibration Concepts for Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) of Reinforced Soil Walls,” Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 45, pp. 1377-1392.

13. Bathurst, R.J., Allen, T. and Walters, D., 2005, “Reinforcement Loads in Geosynthetic Walls and the Case for a New Working Stress Design Method, 2002-2004 Mercer Lecture,” Geotextiles and Geomembranes, Vol. 23, pp. 287-322.

14. Bathurst, R.J., Allen, T.M., and Walters, D.L., 2002, Short-Term Strain and Deformation Behavior of Geosynthetic Walls at Working Stress Conditions, Geosynthetics International, Vol. 9, Nos. 5-6, pp. 451-482.

15. Bathurst, R.J., Nernheim, A., and Allen, T.M. 2009. “Predicted loads in steel reinforced soil walls using the AASHTO Simplified Method,” ASCE Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol. 135, No. 2, pp. 177-184.

16. Bathurst, R.J., Nernheim, A., and Allen, T.M. 2011. Discussion of "Predicted loads in steel reinforced soil walls using the AASHTO Simplified Method,” ASCE Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, pp. 1305-1310.

17. Bathurst, R.J., Nernheim, A. and Allen, T.M. 2008. “Comparison of measured and predicted loads using the Coherent Gravity Method for steel soil walls.” Ground Improvement, Vol. 161, No. 3, 113-120.

18. Bathurst, R.J., Nernheim, A., Walters, D.L., Allen, T.M., Burgess, P., and Saunders, D.D., 2009, “Influence of reinforcement stiffness and compaction on the performance of four geosynthetic-reinforced soil walls,” Geosynthetics International, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 43-59.

19. Bathurst, R.J., Vlachopoulos, N., Walters, D.L., Burgess, P.G. and Allen, T.M. 2006. “The influence of facing rigidity on the performance of two geosynthetic reinforced soil retaining walls,” Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 43, pp. 1225-1237.

20. Bathurst, R.J., Vlachopoulos, N., Walters, D.L., Burgess, P.G. and Allen, T.M. 2007, Reply to the Discussions on “The influence of facing rigidity on the performance of two geosynthetic reinforced soil retaining walls,” Vol. 44, pp. 1484-1490.

21. Bathurst, R. J., Miyata, Y., Nernheim, A., and Allen, T. M., 2008, “Refinement of K-stiffness Method for geosynthetic reinforced soil walls,” Geosynthetics International, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 269-295.

22. Bathurst, R.J., Huang, B., and Allen, T.M., 2011, “Analysis of installation damage tests for LRFD calibration of reinforced soil structures,” Geotextiles and Geomembranes, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 323-334.

23. Bathurst, R.J., Huang, B., and Allen, T.M., 2012, “Interpretation of laboratory creep testing for reliability-based analysis and load and resistance factor design (LRFD) calibration,” Geosynthetics International, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 39-53.

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24. Bathurst, R.J., Huang, B., and Allen, T.M., 2012, “LRFD Calibration of the Ultimate Pullout Limit State for Geogrid Reinforced Soil Retaining Walls,” ASCE International Journal of Geomechanics, Vol. 12, No.4, pp. 399-413.

25. Bathurst, R.J., Huang, B., and Allen, T.M., 2010, Load and resistance factor design (LRFD) calibration for steel grid reinforced soil walls, GeoRisk, Vol. 5, N’s 3-4, pp. 218-228.

26. Huang, B., Bathurst, R.J., Hatami, K., and Allen, T.M., 2010, “Influence of Toe Restraint on Reinforced Soil Segmental Walls,” Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 47, No. 8, pp. 885-904.

27. Huang, B., Bathurst, R.J., and Allen, T.M. (2012). “Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) Calibration for Steel Strip Reinforced Walls,” ASCE Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol. 138, No. 8, pp. 922-933.

28. Miyata, Y., Bathurst, R. J., and Allen, T.M., 2014, “Reliability Analysis of Geogrid Creep Data in Japan,” Soils and Foundations, Vol. 54, pp. 608-620, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2014.06.004.

29. Stuedlein, A. W., Allen, T. M., Holtz, R. D., and Christopher, B. R., 2012, “Assessment of Reinforcement Strains in very Tall Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls,” ASCE Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000586, Vol. 138, No. 3, pp. 345-356.

30. Stuedlein, A. W., Allen, T. M., Holtz, R. D., and Christopher, B. R., 2012, Reply to the Discussions on “Assessment of Reinforcement Strains in very Tall Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls,” DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000586, Vol. 138, No. 3, pp. 1833-1835.

31. Walters, D.L., Allen, T.M., and Bathurst, R.J., 2002, Conversion of Geosynthetic Strain to Load using Reinforcement Stiffness, Geosynthetics International, Vol. 9, Nos. 5-6, pp. 483-523.

32. Yu, Y., Bathurst, R.J., Allen, T.M. and Nelson, R. 2016. “Physical and numerical modelling of a geogrid reinforced incremental concrete panel retaining wall,” Canadian Geotechnical Journal (http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2016-0207).

33. Yan, Y., Bathurst, R.J., and Allen, T.M., 2016, “Numerical Modeling of Geogrid Reinforced Modular Block Retaining Walls,” ASCE Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001438. 13 pp.

PUBLICATIONS - Invited Papers

1. Allen, T. M., and Holtz, R. D., 1991, “Design of Retaining Walls Reinforced with Geosynthetics,” ASCE Geotechnical Engineering Congress, Vol. II, Geotechnical Special Publication No. 27, Boulder, CO, pp. 970-987.

2. Allen, T. M., Christopher, B.R., and Holtz, R.D., 1992, "Performance of a 12.6 m High Geotextile Wall in Seattle, Washington", Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil Retaining Walls, J. T. H. Wu (editor), Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 81-100.

3. Allen T. M., 1993, “Issues Regarding the design and Specification of Segmental Block-Faced Geosynthetic Walls,” Transportation Research Record 1414, Washington, DC, pp. 6-11.

4. Allen, T. M., 1997, “Current Code Versus Reality,” Mechanically Stabilized Backfill, J. T. H. Wu, ed., Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 335-340.

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5. Allen, T. M., 1997, “Viscoelastic Behavior of Geosynthetics in MSB Systems,” Mechanically Stabilized Backfill, J. T. H. Wu, ed., Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 401-406.

6. Allen, T. M., 2000, “Geosynthetic Reinforcement Quality Assurance – A Regulator’s Point of View,” Textextile Conference, Atlanta, GA, 7 pp.

7. Allen, T. M., 2006, Development and Implementation of Geotechnical Seismic Design Policy at WSDOT, US-Japan Bridge Engineering Workshop, Seattle, WA., October 23-25, 2006, 11 pp.

8. Allen, T. M, and Bathurst, R. J., 2009, “Reliability of Geosynthetic Wall Designs and Factors Influencing Wall Performance,” 4th International GSI-Taiwan Geosynthetics Conference, Pingtung, Taiwan, pp. 95-123.

9. Allen, T.M., and Bathurst, R.J., 2013. “Comparison of working stress and limit equilibrium behavior of reinforced soil walls,” Sound Geotechnical Research to Practice, Stuedlein, A.W. and Christopher, B.R., ed’s., ASCE Geotechnical Special Publication 230, pp. 499-513.

10. Allen, T.M., 2013, "AASHTO Geotechnical Design Specification Development in the USA," Modern Geotechnical Design Codes of Practice – Implementation, Application, and Development, P. Arnold, G. Fenton, M. Hicks, T. Schweckendiek, and B. Simpson, ed's, IOS Press, Amsterdam, pp. 243-260.

11. Allen, T. M., 2013, “2010 Maule Chile Earthquake Wall Performance and Its Application to Improvement of the AASHTO LRFD Seismic Wall Design Specifications, Proceedings of the 29th US-Japan Bridge Engineering Workshop, Tsukuba, Japan, October 23-25, 2006, PWRI Technical Report No. 4279, pp. 249-262.

12. Allen, Tony, 2014, “Reinforced Soil Wall Design Code Implementation in the United States,” The Bridge and Structural Engineer, Special Issue: Reinforced Soil Walls – Design & Construction, Journal of the Indian National Group of the International Association for Bridge & Structural Engineering (IABSE), Vol. 44, No. 3, pp. 26-37.

13. Bathurst, R.J., Allen, T.M. and Huang B. 2010. Invited panel paper, Current issues for the internal stability design of geosynthetic reinforced soil. 9th International Geosynthetics Conference, Guaruja, Brazil, 23-27 May, pp. 533-546.

14. Bathurst, R.J., Walters, D.L., Vlachopoulos, N., and Burgess, G. P., and Allen, T. M., 1999, “Recent Full Scale Testing of Geosynthetic Reinforced Segmental Retaining Walls,” Invited keynote paper, Proceedings of the 3rd Brazilian Symposium on Geosynthetics/1st South American Symposium on Geosynthetics, Geossinteticos ’99, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Vol. 2, pp. 21-35.

15. Bathurst, R.J., Walters, D., Vlachopoulos, N., Burgess, P. and Allen, T.M., 2000, “Full Scale Testing of Geosynthetic Reinforced Walls”, Invited keynote paper, ASCE Special Publication No. 103, Advances in Transportation and Geoenvironmental Systems using Geosynthetics, Proceedings of Geo-Denver 2000, 5-8 August 2000, Denver, Colorado, pp. 201-217.

16. Bathurst, R.J., Walters, D.L., Hatami. K. and Allen. T.M., Full-scale performance testing and numerical modelling of reinforced soil retaining walls, Special plenary lecture: International Symposium on Earth Reinforcement, IS Kyushu 2001, Fukuoka, Japan, 14 November 2001, Vol. 2, pp. 777-799.

17. Bathurst, R.J, Walters, D.L., Hatami, K., Saunders, D.D., Vlachopoulos, N., Burgess, G.P. and Allen, T.M., 2002, “Performance testing and numerical modelling of reinforced soil

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retaining walls,” 7th International Geosynthetics Conference, Nice, France, Vol. 1, pp. 217-220.

18. Bathurst, R.J., Allen, T. and Walters, D., 2003/2004. “Reinforcement Loads in Geosynthetic Walls and the Case for a New Working Stress Design Method, Invited Keynote Paper – Mercer Lecture,” 56CGS/NAGS Conference, Winnipeg, Manitoba, 29 September – 1 October 2003, Vol. 1, pp. 56-72. Third European Geosynthetics Conference, Munich, Germany, 1-4 March, 2004, Vol 1. pp. 19-31. GeoAsia 2004, Seoul Korea, 21-23 June 2004. pp. 3-25.

19. Bathurst, R. J., Allen, T.M., Miyata, Y., and Huang, B., 2013, "Lessons Learned from LRFD Calibration of Reinforced Soil Wall Structures," Modern Geotechnical Design Codes of Practice – Implementation, Application, and Development, P. Arnold, G. Fenton, M. Hicks, T. Schweckendiek, and B. Simpson, ed's, IOS Press, Amsterdam, pp. 261-276.

20. Bathurst, R. J., Miyata, Y., and Allen, T.M., 2010, “Invited Keynote Paper, Facing Displacements in Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil Walls,” Earth Retention Conference 3 (ER2010), ASCE Geo-Institute Bellevue, WA, pp. 442-459.

21. Bathurst, R.J., Allen, T.M., Miyata, Y. and Huang, B. 2013. “LRFD calibration of metallic reinforced soil walls.” ASCE Geotechnical Special Publication No. 229, Foundation Engineering in the Face of Uncertainty Honoring Fred H. Kulhawy, pp. 585-601.

PUBLICATIONS - Peer Reviewed Conference Papers

1. Allen, T., Vinson, T. S., and Bell, J. R., 1982, “Tensile Strength and Creep Behavior of Geotextiles in Cold Regions Applications,” Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Geotextiles, Las Vegas, NV, pp. 775-780.

2. Allen, T.M., Harrison, T.L., Strada, J. R., and Kilian, A. P., 1990, “Use of Stone columns to Support I-90 Cut and Cover Tunnel,” Deep Foundation Improvements: Design, Construction, and Testing, ASTM STP 1089, Robert C. Bachus, Ed., American Society for testing and Materials, Philadelphia, pp. 1-15.

3. Allen, T. M., 1991, "Determination of Long-Term Strength of Geosynthetics: a State-of-the-Art Review", Proceedings of Geosynthetics '91, Atlanta, GA, USA, Vol. 1, pp. 351-379.

4. Allen T. M. and Kilian, A. P., 1993, “Use of Wood Fiber and Geotextile Reinforcement to Build Embankment Across Soft Ground,” Transportation Research Record 1422, Washington, DC, pp. 46-54.

5. Allen, T.M. and Bathurst, R.J., 2006, “Design and performance of an 11-m high block-faced geogrid wall,” Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Geosynthetics, Yokohama, Japan, pp. 953-956.

6. Allen, T.M., 2007, “Development of a New Pile Driving Formula and Its Calibration for Load and Resistance Factor Design,” Transportation Research Record 2004, Washington, DC, pp. 20-27.

7. Bathurst, R.J., Allen, T.M. and Nowak, 2005, “A. Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) Calibration for Pullout of Steel Reinforced Soil Walls,” 58th Canadian Geotechnical Conference, Quebec City, Saskatoon, 8 pp.

8. Bathurst, R.J., Burgess, P., Tétreault, M. and Allen, T., 1999, Modèles à échelle grandeur nature de massifs reinforcés a parements cellulaires au CMR, Rencontres '99, Bourdeaux, France, pp. 237-242.

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9. Bathurst, R.J., Miyata, Y. and Allen, T.M. 2007. Recent Developments in the K-Stiffness Method for Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil Walls, IS-Kyushu 2007, Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan, 6 p.

10. Bathurst, R.J., Walters, D.L., Hatami, K., Saunders, D.D., Vlachopoulos, N., and Burgess, G. P., and Allen, T. M., 2002, “Performance Testing and Numerical Modeling of Reinforced Soil Retaining Walls,” Geosynthetics – 7th ICG, Nice, France, pp. 217-220.

11. Bathurst, R.J., Walters, D., Vlachopoulos, N., Burgess, P., and Allen, T.M., 2000, “Full Scale Testing of Geosynthetic Reinforced Walls,” ASCE Special Publication, Proceedings of GeoDenver2000, Denver, Colorado, 17 pp.

12. Bathurst, R.J., Huang, B. and Allen, T. 2009. Limit States Design Concepts for Reinforced Soil Walls in North America, 2nd International Symposium on Geotechnical Safety and Risk, Gifu, Japan, pp. 103-109.

13. Bathurst, R.J., Huang, B.Q. and Allen, T.M., 2011. “LRFD Calibration of Steel Reinforced Soil Walls,” Geofrontiers 2011, Dallas, TX, USA, pp. 3429-3438.

14. Bathurst, R.J., Nernheim, A. and Allen, T.M. 2009. “Influence of geosynthetic stiffness on reinforced soil walls,” 17th ICSMGE, Alexandria, Egypt, Vol 5, pp. 3473-3477.

15. Bathurst, R.J., Nernheim, A., and Allen, T.M., 2011, “Influence on Reinforcement Stiffness on Reinforced Soil Walls,” Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, M. Hanza et al. (eds), doi:10.3233/978-1-60750-031-5-3473, pp. 3473-

16. Bell, J. R., Allen, T. and Vinson, T. S., 1983, “Properties of Geotextiles in Cold Regions Applications,” Fourth International Conference on Permafrost, Fairbanks, AK, pp. 1-6.

17. Berg, R. R., Allen, T. M., and Bell, J. R., 1998, “Design Procedures for Reinforced Soil Walls - A Historical Perspective,” Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Geosynthetics, Atlanta, GA, Vol. 2, pp. 491-496.

18. Christopher, B. R., Holtz, R. D., and Allen, T. M., 1990, “Instrumentation for a 12.6 m High Geotextile Reinforced Wall,” International Reinforced Soil Conference, Glasgow, pp. 73-78.

19. Cotton, D. M., Kilian, A. P., and Allen T., 1987, “Westbound Embankment Preload on Rainier Avenue, Seattle, Washington,” Transportation Research Record 1119, Washington, DC, pp. 61-75.

20. Hatami, K., Bathurst, R.J., and Allen, T., 2003, “A Calibrated FLAC Model for Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil Modular Block Walls at End of Construction,” FLAC and Numerical Modeling in Geomechanics, Proceedings of the 3rd International FLAC Symposium, Sudbury, Ontario, (in press).

21. Hatami, K., Bathurst, R.J., El-Emam, M. and Allen, T.M., 2004, “Numerical Models for Reinforced Soil Walls,” Canadian Young Geotechnical Engineers and Geoscientists Conference, Manoir St-Castin, Québec City, Québec, Canada, 6 pp.

22. Holtz, R. D., Allen, T. M., and Christopher, B. R., 1991, “Displacement of a 12.6 m High Geotextile Reinforced Wall,” Proceedings Tenth European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Florence, pp. 725-728.

23. Lee, W. F., Holtz, R. D., and Allen, T. M., 1999, “Full Scale Reinforced Geosynthetic Retaining Walls: A Numerical Parametric Study,” Proceedings of Geosynthetics ’99 Conference, Boston, MA, pp. 935-948.

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24. Metcalfe, R. C., Holtz, R. D., and Allen T.M., 1995, “Field Investigations to Evaluate the Long-Term Separation and Drainage Performance of Geotextile Separators,” Proceedings of Geosynthetics ’95 Conference, Nashville, TN, pp. 951-962.

25. Saunders, D.D., Walters, D.L., Bathurst, R.J. and Allen, T.M., 2001, “The Influence of Reinforcement Stiffness on the Performance of Full-scale Reinforced Soil Segmental Retaining Walls,” 54th Canadian Geotechnical Conference, Calgary, Alberta, pp. 696-704.

26. Stuedlein, A.W., Allen, T.M., 2010, Holtz, R.D., and Christopher, B.R., “Factors Affecting the Development of MSE Wall Reinforcement Strain,” Earth Retention Conference 3 (ER2010), ASCE Geo-Institute Bellevue, WA, pp. 502-511.

27. Tsai, W.-S., Savage, B. M., Holtz, R. D., Christopher, B. R., and Allen, T. M., 1993, “Evaluation of Geotextile As Separators in a Full Scale Road Test,” Proceedings of Geosynthetics ’93 Conference, Vancouver, BC, pp. 35-48.

28. Walters, D.L., Hatami, K., Bathurst, R.J., Vlachopoulos, N., Saunders, D., Burgess, G.P. and Allen, T.M., 2000, “Full Scale Testing and Modelling of Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil Retaining Walls,” 53rd Canadian Geotechnical Conference, Montreal, Quebec, pp. 1107-1114.

29. Yen, P.W., Chen, G.D., Buckle, I., Allen, T., Alzamora, D., Ger, J., and Arias, J.G., 2011, “Bridge Performance During the 2010 M8.8 Chile Earthquake,” American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Structures Congress, Las Vegas, NV, pp. 1649-1659, http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41171(401)144.

PUBLICATIONS - Peer Reviewed Special Publications and Standards

1. AASHTO, 2015, Standard Practice for Determination of Long-Term Strength for Geosynthetic Reinforcement, Standard Practice R 69-15, 46 pp (this standard practice is based on T925 and T. Allen was the sole writer of the document on behalf of AASHTO Technical Committee 4e).

2. Allen, T. M., 2005, Development of Geotechnical Resistance Factors and Downdrag Load Factors for LRFD Foundation Strength Limit State Design, Publication No. FHWA-NHI-05-052, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC, 41 pp.

3. Allen, T.M., Nowak, A.S. and Bathurst, R.J., 2005, Calibration to Determine Load and Resistance Factors for Geotechnical and Structural Design, Transportation Research Board Circular E-C079, Washington, DC, 93 p.

4. WSDOT, 2005, Determination of Long-Term Strength of Geosynthetics, WSDOT Standard Practice T925, State Materials Laboratory, Tumwater, WA (T. Allen was sole writer of document).

PUBLICATIONS - Published Research Reports

1. Allen, T. M., 1983, Properties of Geotextiles in Cold Regions Applications, Transportation Research Report 83-6, Oregon State University.

2. Allen, T. M., and Elias, V., 1996, Durability of Geosynthetics for Highway Applications - Interim Report, FHWA-RD-95-016, Washington, D.C.

3. Allen, T. M., and Bathurst, R. J., 2001, Application of the K0-Stiffness Method to Reinforced Soil Wall Limit States Design, Washington State Department of Transportation, Report WA-RD 528.1, 108 pp.

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4. Allen, T. M., and Bathurst, R. J., 2001, Prediction of Soil Reinforcement Loads in Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) Walls, Washington State Department of Transportation, Report WA-RD 522.1, 353 pp.

5. Allen, T. M., Christopher, B. R., Elias, V., and DiMaggio, J. D., 2001, Development of the Simplified Method for Internal Stability Design of Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) Walls, WSDOT Research Report WA-RD 513.1, 96 pp.

6. Allen, T. M., and Bathurst, R. J., 2003, Prediction of Soil Reinforcement Loads in Reinforced Soil Walls (Revised), Washington State Department of Transportation, Report WA-RD 522.2, 363 pp.

7. Allen, T. M., 2005, Development of the WSDOT Pile Driving Formula and Its Calibration for Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD), WA-RD 610.1, Washington State Transportation Center (TRAC), Seattle, WA, 45 pp.

8. DiMaggio, J., Saad, T., Allen, T., Christopher, B., DiMillio, A., Goble, G., Passe, P., Shike, T., and Person, G., 1999, Geotechnical Engineering Practices in Canada and Europe, Report No. FHWA-PL-99-013, Washington, DC, 74 pp.

9. Baker, T.E., Allen, T.M., Jenkins, D.V., Mooney, D.T., Pierce, L.M., Christie, R.A., and Weston, J.T., 2003, Evaluation of the Use of Scrap Tires in Transportation Related Applications in the State of Washington, Report to the Legislature as Required by SHB 2308, WSDOT, Olympia, WA, 268 pp, http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/biz/mats/Draft%20Final%20Report%20Version%205.pdf.

PUBLICATIONS – Contributions to Other Works

1. AASHTO, 1992, M288, Standard Specification for Geotextile Specification for Highway Applications.

2. AASHTO, 2002, Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Seventeenth Edition, Washington, D.C., USA, Section 5 on Retaining Wall Design Specifications (lead writer for section).

3. AASHTO, 2007, AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, with 2009 Interims, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Fourth Edition, Washington, D.C., USA, Sections 3 and 11 on Retaining Wall Design Specifications and Section 10 on Foundations (lead writer for sections).

4. AASHTO, 2009, AASHTO Guide Specifications for LRFD Seismic Bridge Design, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, First Edition, Washington D.C., USA, Sections 3 (shaking hazard and site effects) and 6.8 (foundation analysis and liquefaction design).

5. Allen, T., Bell, J. R., and Christopher, B., 1987, Insights to Geotextiles, Course Notes, Columbia Section American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), Richland, WA.

6. Elias, V., and Christopher, B. R., 1997, Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls and Reinforced Soil Slopes Design and Construction Guidelines, Federal Highway Administration, No. FHWA-SA-96-071 (T. Allen contributed Appendix A “Determination of Pullout Resistance factors”, Appendix B “Determination of Creep Strength Reduction Factor”, Appendix D “Typical Dimensions of Steel Reinforcements”, and also made significant contributions to much of the rest of the manual, including many of the figures).

7. ISO/TC221/SC, 2006, Guidelines to the Determination of Long-term Strength of Geosynthetics for Soil Reinforcement, Technical Report ISO/TR 20432, 32 pp (T. Allen was lead co-writer with Dr. J. Greenwood).

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8. Washington State Department of Ecology (WSDOE), 2001, Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington, Publication No’s. 99-11 through 99-15, Olympia, WA, USA (T. Allen co-authored sections and BMP’s on infiltration design).

9. WSDOT, 1998, Chapter 1130 “Retaining Walls and Steep Reinforced Slopes,” Design Manual, Olympia, WA, pp. 1130-1 to 1130-30 (T. Allen was lead writer).

10. WSDOT, 1998, Chapter 530, “Geosynthetics,” Design Manual, Olympia, WA, pp. 530-1 to 530-24 (T. Allen was lead writer).

11. WSDOT, 2004, Highway Runoff Manual, Publication Number M31-16 (T. Allen co-authored section on infiltration design).

12. WSDOT, 2013. Geotechnical Design Manual M46-03.09, Olympia, WA, USA (T. Allen was lead writer; first published in 2005).

Invited Lectures/Training – Examples 1 Day Short Course: Insights to Geotextiles, T. M. Allen, J R. Bell, and B. R. Christopher, 1987,

American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), Columbia Section, Richland, Washington, USA. Purpose: provide training to local engineers on designing and specifying geotextiles for civil engineering applications.

2 Hour Guest Lecture/Short Course: Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) Basics for Foundations, T. M. Allen, 2008, Oregon State University (OSU), Corvallis, OR, USA. Purpose: provide training to the OSU geotechnical engineering graduate students in LRFD as applied to foundations; included test at the end of the course.

1 Hour Invited Lecture: Reliability of Geosynthetic Wall Designs and Factors Influencing Wall Performance, T. M. Allen, 2009, 4th International GSI-Taiwan Geosynthetics Conference, Pingtung, Taiwan. Purpose: expose Taiwanese engineers to the application of LRFD and reliability theory to reinforced soil structures.

1 Hour Invited Lectures: Application of LRFD to Foundation Design in the USA, T. M. Allen, 2013, Japanese Geotechnical Society, Tokyo, Japan and PWRI, Tokyo, Japan. Purpose: help Japanese geotechnical engineers and national code writers understand how the USA developed and applied load and resistance factor (LRFD) design concepts to geotechnical design, to assist them in their own development of LRFD for their national design code.

3 Day Short Course: Introduction to Retaining Walls, T.M. Allen and M.A Frye, 2015, WSDOT, Olympia, WA: Purpose: To Introduce engineers to the types, applications, and design of retaining walls.

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Appendix: Additional Example Projects Project: SR-2, BNRR Bridge Overcrossing, near Gold Bar, WA, 1983

Scope of project – Bridge replacement with approach fills over deep lacustrine deposit Role/responsibility – lead geotechnical designer Geotechnical skills developed/used – subsurface characterization, long-term settlement

prediction, wick drain design, spread footing and friction pile foundation design, pile drivability analysis, geotechnical support during construction, assessment of changed conditions claim validity (claim was not successful)

Project: SR-304, Bremerton Ferry Terminal and Toll Booth Facilities Remediation, 1984 Scope of Project – Geotechnical examination of building and toll booth deformation Role/responsibility – lead geotechnical engineer Geotechnical skills developed/used – forensic investigation, analysis of historical data

and its effect on subsurface conditions, preliminary geotechnical assessment and development of conceptual solutions and additional investigation needs

Project: SR-109 Spur, West Hoquiam Connection, 1986 Scope of Project – A redesign of a 40 ft high geosynthetic reinforced wood fiber fill over

very soft organic soils at the beginning of construction upon discovery by WSDOT that the embankment was under-designed

Role/responsibility – lead geotechnical designer Geotechnical skills developed/used – settlement prediction, prediction of soil strength

gain with time under embankment loading, light weight fill design, geosynthetic reinforcement design, monitoring of geotechnical instrumentation to measure embankment performance, geotechnical support during construction

Project: SR-705, SR-5 to 21st Street Tacoma Spur, 1986 Scope of Project – This project included several structures used to support a new freeway

spur from SR-5 to downtown Tacoma Role/Responsibility – Provided the geotechnical project support during construction for

the pile driving and the development of the pile driving criteria Geotechnical skills developed/used – use of wave equation, pile load test results, PDA,

and CAPWAP to develop pile driving criteria for the foundations, and recognition of not well known pile hammer issues and their effect on the driving criteria (e.g., effect of pile batter and hammer preignition)

Project: SR-2, Peone Creek MSE Wall Emergency Repair, 1990 Scope of Project – emergency assessment and repair of VSL reinforced soil wall

piping/erosion failure Role/Responsibility – geotechnical project manager and primary geotechnical designer Geotechnical skills developed/used – forensic investigation, geotechnical repair solutions

that would preserve geotechnical properties of wall backfill lost, drainage design Project: Vashon Island and Seattle Ferry Terminals, 1991

Scope of Project – foundation design of the tower structures at both terminals Role/Responsibility – geotechnical project manager and primary geotechnical designer Geotechnical skills developed/used – design of large diameter open ended pipe piles in

difficult driving conditions, pile drivability analysis, and pile driving criteria development Project: SR-167, 32nd Street Interchange Fills, 1993

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Scope of Project – This project was a continuation of the SR-167, SR-161 to 6th St., Auburn, roadway/embankment widening to 4 lanes project completed a few years earlier.

Role/Responsibility – geotechnical project manager and primary geotechnical designer Geotechnical skills developed/used – development and implementation of field

investigation and testing plans, integration of site history and site geological information with subsurface data to characterize subsurface conditions, embankment settlement and stability analysis, calculation of soil strength gain with time under embankment loading, embankment settlement and stability, use of light weight fill and/or ground improvement to mitigate settlement and stability problems, and liquefaction analysis and mitigation at the bridge abutments

Project: SR-12, Naches River Bridge Replacement, 1996 Scope of Project – This project consists of an emergency bridge foundation and approach

fill design to replace the existing bridge that collapsed during a severe flood Role/Responsibility – geotechnical project manager and primary geotechnical designer Geotechnical skills developed/used – drilled shaft and footing design, approach fill

design, assessment of extreme shaft installation problems due to the clean, gravelly, bouldery nature of subsoil, and geotechnical construction support