tang dynasty
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Tang Dynasty](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020123/5593ae2d1a28ab993f8b4719/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Tang Dynasty618 - 907
![Page 2: Tang Dynasty](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020123/5593ae2d1a28ab993f8b4719/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
China’s Golden Age
![Page 3: Tang Dynasty](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020123/5593ae2d1a28ab993f8b4719/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Historical Information
• We know more about the Tang Dynasty than the previous dynasties.
• More artifacts and writings survive from this time than the earlier ones.
![Page 4: Tang Dynasty](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020123/5593ae2d1a28ab993f8b4719/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Tang Dynasty](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020123/5593ae2d1a28ab993f8b4719/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Rice Growing & Technology
![Page 6: Tang Dynasty](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020123/5593ae2d1a28ab993f8b4719/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Gaozu (618 - 626) Li Yuan
• Li Yuan and his son, Li Shimin, fought to renew stability after the collapse of the Sui Dynasty and took power.
• Li Yuan became Emperor Gaozu.
• He spared the last if the Sui Dynasty heirs.
![Page 7: Tang Dynasty](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020123/5593ae2d1a28ab993f8b4719/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Government & Law under Gaozu
• Government - Four main departments
• Tang Code of 624 - over 500 articles of law
• Penalties based on crime and relation between the criminal and the offended person.
![Page 8: Tang Dynasty](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020123/5593ae2d1a28ab993f8b4719/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Taizong (626 - 649) Li Shimin
• Hardworking scholar• Many sons, many
plots• Lowered tax and labor
requirements for peasants, using a census.
• Land distribution program
![Page 9: Tang Dynasty](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020123/5593ae2d1a28ab993f8b4719/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
State Religion
• Taizong supported a renewal of Confucianism and founded the Bureau of Historiography.
• The imperial clan Li claimed descent from Laozi and supported Daoism.
• Taizong and others were patrons of Buddhism: Shaolin Monastery.
![Page 10: Tang Dynasty](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020123/5593ae2d1a28ab993f8b4719/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Taizong at War
• Armies combined aristocrats (cavalry) and peasants (infantry).
• 700,000 horses• Destroyed Eastern Turks• Made peace with Tibetans• Lost twice to Koreans• Extended Chinese power
far into Central Asia
![Page 11: Tang Dynasty](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020123/5593ae2d1a28ab993f8b4719/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Chang’anCapital of the Tang Empire
![Page 12: Tang Dynasty](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020123/5593ae2d1a28ab993f8b4719/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The Silk RouteTrade with the West
![Page 13: Tang Dynasty](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020123/5593ae2d1a28ab993f8b4719/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
New Religions & Diversity
![Page 14: Tang Dynasty](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020123/5593ae2d1a28ab993f8b4719/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Changing Fashions for Women
![Page 15: Tang Dynasty](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020123/5593ae2d1a28ab993f8b4719/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Polo Comes from Persia.
• Persia conquered by Muslim armies from western Asia, and Persian princes flee to the east.
• The game became a favorite of men and women at court.
![Page 16: Tang Dynasty](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020123/5593ae2d1a28ab993f8b4719/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The End of Taizong’s Life
• Taizong became vain and grand.• He had a newly built palace destroyed because it
was too hot for him.• He had to exile or execute several of his sons.
![Page 17: Tang Dynasty](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020123/5593ae2d1a28ab993f8b4719/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Emperor Gaozong (649 - 683)
• Inherited a stable, wealthy country
• Weak Ruler - young, dizzy spells, seizures
• Fell in love with Concubine Wu
![Page 18: Tang Dynasty](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020123/5593ae2d1a28ab993f8b4719/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Consort Wu
• Concubine Wu became Consort Wu.
• Supported and advised Gaozong
• Took the reins of power• Appointed her own
favorites to run the government
• 660 - Gaozong nearly paralyzed by a stroke.
![Page 19: Tang Dynasty](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020123/5593ae2d1a28ab993f8b4719/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
First Contacts with the new Muslim Empire in West Asia
![Page 20: Tang Dynasty](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020123/5593ae2d1a28ab993f8b4719/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Final Korean War - 668
• Koguryo• Paikche• Silla• Consort Wu planned
the final attack by land and sea and defeated the three Korean kingdoms.
![Page 21: Tang Dynasty](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020123/5593ae2d1a28ab993f8b4719/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The End of Emperor Gaozong
• Prince Li Hong exiled for treason, later killed.
• Gaozong’s official will demanded that all final decisions be made by Consort Wu.
• Rebellion against her government after his death - 12 branches of Li Family executed.
![Page 22: Tang Dynasty](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020123/5593ae2d1a28ab993f8b4719/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Emperors Zhongzong & Ruizong
• Emperor Zhongzong (684) was the son of Gaozong and Consort Wu.
• Appointed his father-in-law as chief minister
• Claimed he could do anything he wanted
• Imprisoned within the palace and replaced
• Ruled for 6 weeks total
• Emperor Ruizong (684 - 690) was the son of Gaozong and Consort Wu
• Stayed in his own rooms and took no part in government
• Finally, resigned and asked his mother to be empress!
![Page 23: Tang Dynasty](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020123/5593ae2d1a28ab993f8b4719/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Empress Wu Zetian
• The only woman to ever rule China as emperor• Beautiful, intelligent, politically perceptive, and brilliant• Ruled over a time of peace and prosperity• Ruthless with her enemies but generally benevolent• Saw herself as founding the New Zhou Dynasty
![Page 24: Tang Dynasty](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020123/5593ae2d1a28ab993f8b4719/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Images of Empress Wu in Popular Culture
![Page 25: Tang Dynasty](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020123/5593ae2d1a28ab993f8b4719/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Empress Wu & Chinese Society
• Sponsor of research about Chinese women and women in Chinese history
• Posthumously made her mother an empress
• Expanded government access for commoners
![Page 26: Tang Dynasty](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020123/5593ae2d1a28ab993f8b4719/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Empress Wu & Religion
• Named herself “Sage Mother,” the same as Laozi’s Mother
• Her followers discovered the Great Cloud Sutra - proclaimed her the Maitreya Buddha, savior of humanity
![Page 27: Tang Dynasty](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020123/5593ae2d1a28ab993f8b4719/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
The Fall of Empress Wu
• Court became decadent, corrupt, and fearful
• Wu’s supporters assassinated
• Wu abdicated and died a few months later.
• Her sons’ followers began a struggle for power.
![Page 28: Tang Dynasty](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020123/5593ae2d1a28ab993f8b4719/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Tang Dynasty](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020123/5593ae2d1a28ab993f8b4719/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Emperors Zhongzong & Ruizong(Again)
• Emperor Zhongzong (705 - 710) emerged from 21 years of imprisonment in the palace.
• His wife, Consort Wei, and her lover actually ran the government. They seized lands, jobs, and priesthoods.
• Zhongzong possibly poisoned.• Consort Wei wanted her
daughter to inherit the throne, but she placed his only son, Chongmai, on the throne, but his sister Princess Taiping and the army took over.
• Emperor Ruizong (710 - 712) took the throne on Princess Taiping’s orders.
• She then tried to replace his heir, Li Longji, so he abdicated.
• Li Longji took the throne as Emperor Xuanzong.
![Page 30: Tang Dynasty](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020123/5593ae2d1a28ab993f8b4719/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
The Legacy of Empress Wu
• “A hen cannot crow.”• Permanently changed
Chinese government, religion, court, but not women’s roles
• Her descendants ruled the empire for several more centuries.
![Page 31: Tang Dynasty](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020123/5593ae2d1a28ab993f8b4719/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
The Golden Age of the Tang Dynasty (710 - 755)
![Page 32: Tang Dynasty](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020123/5593ae2d1a28ab993f8b4719/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Emperor Xuanzong(712 - 756)
• China’s most popular emperor• Considered warm and kind• Poet, calligrapher, musician,
artist• Reformed government• Kept empress’ family and
eunuchs out of power
![Page 33: Tang Dynasty](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020123/5593ae2d1a28ab993f8b4719/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Economics & Religion
• Tax Reforms• Stable Currency based
on products like silver, grain, and silk
• Reliable census• Limitations on
Buddhism
![Page 34: Tang Dynasty](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020123/5593ae2d1a28ab993f8b4719/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
The Tang Army
• Armies restored and reformed• Increased autonomy and power
for local commanders• Xuanzong was not a warrior
emperor.• Defeated Tibetans• Long period of peace on
borders
![Page 35: Tang Dynasty](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020123/5593ae2d1a28ab993f8b4719/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Poetry of the Tang Dynasty
![Page 36: Tang Dynasty](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020123/5593ae2d1a28ab993f8b4719/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Tea Culture
![Page 37: Tang Dynasty](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020123/5593ae2d1a28ab993f8b4719/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Government Monopolies
![Page 38: Tang Dynasty](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020123/5593ae2d1a28ab993f8b4719/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Yang Guifei
• Xuanzong lost interest in governing.
• Followed magical ideas of Taoism and Buddhism
• Concubine Yang Guifei - witty, beautiful, musical
• Yang family grew in power.
![Page 39: Tang Dynasty](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020123/5593ae2d1a28ab993f8b4719/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Battle of Talas(751)
• Arab armies from the west defeated Chinese armies in what is now Kyrgyzstan.
• Arabs captured Chinese papermakers.• Arabs took control of the Salt Route.• Trouble increased all along the Chinese borders.
![Page 40: Tang Dynasty](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020123/5593ae2d1a28ab993f8b4719/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
An Lushan Rebellion(753 to 766)
• General An Lushan rebelled against his adoptive father, Xuanzong.
• Declared the Yan Dynasty• Death of Yang Guifei• Xuanzong abdicated.• Tibetans sacked Chang’an.• Luoyang fought over twice.• Population of China drops
almost 75% during the civil war.
![Page 41: Tang Dynasty](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020123/5593ae2d1a28ab993f8b4719/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Decline of the Tang Dynasty(706 - 907)
• Few emperors reigned more than a few years.• Army and officials retreated from all border areas.• Tibetans and Nan Chao invaded and raided repeatedly.• Officials and eunuchs competed for power.• Governors stayed in one place and gain local power.• Not much wealth coming to central government.
![Page 42: Tang Dynasty](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020123/5593ae2d1a28ab993f8b4719/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Later Emperors
• Government Struggles - Family Infighting
• The eunuchs often decided imperial succession.
• Persecutions of Buddhism
![Page 43: Tang Dynasty](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020123/5593ae2d1a28ab993f8b4719/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Peasant Uprisings (860 -907)
• Weak emperors• Overtaxed peasants• Government armed the
peasants against the rebels, but they tended to join the rebels.
![Page 44: Tang Dynasty](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020123/5593ae2d1a28ab993f8b4719/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Sack of Chang’an
• Emperor and court forced to flee to Sichuan.
• Able to return five years later• “Thorns and brambles filled the
city. Foxes and hares ran everywhere.”
• Governors fought over control of empire.