tang & song china - mr. heusing's website · tang & song china chinese buddhist ......
TRANSCRIPT
Post Han • Period of disunity
• Decline of Confucian bureaucracy
• Buddhism enters & flourishes (why?)
Sui dynasty – return to dynastic
imperialism / exams
• Brief & violent – assassinations of both main
emperors
Tang dynasty (618-907 CE)
• Li Yuan secures frontiers
• extends empire into Tibet, Manchuria &
Vietnam – impact?
• Korea a tributary kingdom
• Importance of Buddhism leads to higher
status for women
• Chinese weapons
Civil Servant system
• Rulers restored Confucian imperial
bureaucracy
• Bureau of Censors evaluated all levels of
bureaucracy
• Examinations become more regular &
determine rank
• (examinations on Confucian works)
Tang Religious issues • Tang rulers patronized Mah. Buddhist
monasteries and Confucian schools
• Monasteries increased to 50,000!
• Monasteries untaxed; housed anyone
• Resented by Daoists & Confucians
• Later Emperor Wu began suppression of
Buddhism & recovery of lands
Developments of the Tang
• Grand Canal * Li Bo - poet
• Commercial shipping
• Early Junks
• Chang’an - Capital city of 2 million!
• State funded irrigation & canals
• Distribution of lands to peasants
• Better status for women
Tang decline • Disruptions in royal family
• Empress Wu
• Later Emperor’s concubine issue
• Confucian discontent with powerful women
• A failed rebellion – An Lushan
• Nomads…regional govts/warlords increase
Song Dynasty (960-1279) • Partial restoration of empire
• Civil servants (scholar-gentry) limited military
growth; Exams continued but easier
• Bureaucracy became larger & less efficient though
more open to lower classes
• Public welfare: clinics, retirement homes
• Postal service; theater
Song Developments
• Gunpowder
• Junks – more sophisticated
• Compasses for sea navigation
• Abacus
• Landscape painting at height
• Cartography/atlas
• Astronomical clock
• Paper banknotes (1st in the world)
Technology, science, and engineering
• Measuring distance and mechanical navigation
• Mathematics and cartography
• Movable type printing
• Hydraulic engineering
• Structural engineering and architecture
• Archaeology
• floating pontoon bridges
later Neo-Confucianism
• Hostile to outside ideas
• Tradition, social hierarchy, gender distinction
more rigid – Male dominance
• Women – restricted to household / no education
• footbinding emerges- esp. among upper class
Decline, re-centering & fall
• Military weakness
• Neighboring kingdoms demanded tribute
• Chancellor Wang attempts reforms: tax,
land, businesses
• Govt conflict/struggle
Rise of Jin Empire
((Jurchens/Manchurians)
• Conquered Liao
• Attacked Song, capt. Kaifeng (capital)
• Established “Beijing” as capital of Jin
• Fought Song; forced treaty
• Jin elite who moved into N. China became acculturated
Southern Song (1127-1279)
• Retreats below the Yangtze river because of the
expansion of the Jin
• Increase in shipbuilding & maritime trade /
permanent navy w/ catapults & gunpowder
bombs
• Eventually falls to the Mongols who conquer
the Jin, then the Song
Korea
• China – writing, Buddhism, Confucianism, wood
block printing, movable type
• Diff: writing system simplified to syllabic symbols
• Unified towards end of Tang
• Koryo family
• Friendly with Song because of fear of neighboring
states (Liao)
Vietnam
• Be sure you can explain…
–How did China impact Vietnam?
–How did Vietnam develop
differently?
Vietnam • Eastern part of southeast Asia: Annam & Champa (parts
developed with diff. influences)
• China Annam: Buddhism, Confucianism, rice
• Diff:
–Champa influenced by India & Malaysia through Indian
Ocean trade; contrib. “champa rice”
–Higher status for women – NO FOOTBINDING!
• Early – tribute of Tang; later: friendly with Song
Japan
• Archipelago; only 11% arable land!
• China: Buddhism (Zen), Confucianism,
government structure, building techniques;
Mandate of Heaven
• Diff:
–Ceremonial emperor (tenno)
–No walled cities
Feudalism in Japan
A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of
land, and military service.
Japan:
Shogun
Daimyo Daimyo
Samurai Samurai Samurai
Peasant Peasant Peasant Peasant
Land - Shoen
Land - Shoen
Protection
Loyalty
Loyalty
Food
Chivalry & Bushido
• What common values and expectations
did these 2 codes of conduct have?
• To whom did the codes apply?
• Why did the codes develop?
• 義 – Gi – Rectitude
• 勇 – Yū – Courage
• 仁 – Jin – Benevolence
• 礼 – Rei – Respect
• 誠 – Makoto or 信 - Shin– Honesty
• 名誉 – Meiyo – Honor, Glory
• 忠義 – Chū – Loyalty • Others that are sometimes added to these:
• 孝 - Kō - Filial piety
• 智 - Chi - Wisdom
• 悌 - Tei - Care for the aged
• -Translations from: Random House's Japanese-English, English-Japanese Dictionary
Influenced by
Confucianism