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ASEAN GLASS CONFERENCE 2007ASEAN GLASS CONFERENCE 2007 FolieFolie 11 02.02. -- 05.05. OctoberOctober 20072007
TankTank furnacesfurnaces –– latestlatest technologytechnology
ASEAN GLASS CONFERENCE 2007ASEAN GLASS CONFERENCE 2007
Tank FurnacesTank Furnaces –– latest technologylatest technology
presented by Roland Wagenbauer / IWGpresented by Roland Wagenbauer / IWG
AseanAsean Glass Conference 2007 / ThailandGlass Conference 2007 / Thailand
ASEAN GLASS CONFERENCE 2007ASEAN GLASS CONFERENCE 2007 FolieFolie 22 02.02. -- 05.05. OctoberOctober 20072007
TankTank furnacesfurnaces –– latestlatest technologytechnologyContent of presentationContent of presentation
Content:
History of glass melting furnace building
Glass melting tank furnaces – today
Glass melting tank furnaces – tomorrow
ASEAN GLASS CONFERENCE 2007ASEAN GLASS CONFERENCE 2007 FolieFolie 33 02.02. -- 05.05. OctoberOctober 20072007
TankTank furnacesfurnaces –– latestlatest technologytechnologyHistoryHistory
ASEAN GLASS CONFERENCE 2007ASEAN GLASS CONFERENCE 2007 FolieFolie 44 02.02. -- 05.05. OctoberOctober 20072007
TankTank furnacesfurnaces –– latestlatest technologytechnologyHistoryHistory
The history of glass melting furnacebuilding can be divided in five mainhistoric eras:
ASEAN GLASS CONFERENCE 2007ASEAN GLASS CONFERENCE 2007 FolieFolie 55 02.02. -- 05.05. OctoberOctober 20072007
TankTank furnacesfurnaces –– latestlatest technologytechnologyHistoryHistory
Fritting and melting in pans on wood fires in pre-Christian times
1st era:
ASEAN GLASS CONFERENCE 2007ASEAN GLASS CONFERENCE 2007 FolieFolie 66 02.02. -- 05.05. OctoberOctober 20072007
TankTank furnacesfurnaces –– latestlatest technologytechnologyHistoryHistory
Glass melting pot furnaces fired with wood from the beginningof our time era until the 17th century
2nd era:
GlassGlass meltingmelting furnacefurnaceaccordingaccording to Agricolato Agricola
ASEAN GLASS CONFERENCE 2007ASEAN GLASS CONFERENCE 2007 FolieFolie 77 02.02. -- 05.05. OctoberOctober 20072007
TankTank furnacesfurnaces –– latestlatest technologytechnologyHistoryHistory
Glass melting furnaces withgrillage for operations withwood and also partly withhard coal (1600 – 1850)
3rd era:
BoetiusBoetius furnacefurnace –– withwith aa soso--calledcalled half gashalf gas firingfiring
ASEAN GLASS CONFERENCE 2007ASEAN GLASS CONFERENCE 2007 FolieFolie 88 02.02. -- 05.05. OctoberOctober 20072007
TankTank furnacesfurnaces –– latestlatest technologytechnologyHistoryHistory
Gas fired glass melting pot and tank furnaces, from 1860 untilaround 1960, with generator and gas coke oven
4th era:
Regenerative tank furnace according to Friedrich August SiemensRegenerative tank furnace according to Friedrich August Siemens
ASEAN GLASS CONFERENCE 2007ASEAN GLASS CONFERENCE 2007 FolieFolie 99 02.02. -- 05.05. OctoberOctober 20072007
TankTank furnacesfurnaces –– latestlatest technologytechnologyHistoryHistory
From 1920: first all-electric furnaces in Norway and Sweden
From 1950: introduction of the oil fired glass melting furnaces
From 1960: use of natural gas for glass melting furnaces
From 1990: use of oxygen as energy source for tank furnaces
5th era:
Continuous DevelopmentContinuous Development
Tank furnaces todayTank furnaces today
ASEAN GLASS CONFERENCE 2007ASEAN GLASS CONFERENCE 2007 FolieFolie 1010 02.02. -- 05.05. OctoberOctober 20072007
TankTank furnacesfurnaces –– latestlatest technologytechnologyTank furnaces todayTank furnaces today
Low energy consumption
Requirements on modern tank furnaces:
High flexibility in terms of pull rate
High glass quality
Low CO2- and NOx- emissions
Low operation / running costs
Long lifetime
ASEAN GLASS CONFERENCE 2007ASEAN GLASS CONFERENCE 2007 FolieFolie 1111 02.02. -- 05.05. OctoberOctober 20072007
TankTank furnacesfurnaces –– latestlatest technologytechnologyTank furnaces todayTank furnaces today
General Design
Oxy-Fuel Tank Furnace:
Unit Melter type
Heating System
Electric Boosting
Melting and refining part divided by air cooled barrier wall
High efficient oxy-fuel burnerIndividual burner control
Melting areaThermal barrier
ASEAN GLASS CONFERENCE 2007ASEAN GLASS CONFERENCE 2007 FolieFolie 1212 02.02. -- 05.05. OctoberOctober 20072007
TankTank furnacesfurnaces –– latestlatest technologytechnologyTankTank furnacesfurnaces todaytoday
Oxygen Bubbling
Oxy-Fuel Tank Furnace:
Draining units
permanent or periodically
direct or indirect heated
ASEAN GLASS CONFERENCE 2007ASEAN GLASS CONFERENCE 2007 FolieFolie 1313 02.02. -- 05.05. OctoberOctober 20072007
TankTank furnacesfurnaces –– latestlatest technologytechnologyTank furnaces todayTank furnaces today
General Design
All-Electric Tank Furnace:
Cold-Top with hexagonal shapeCold-Top with rectangular shape
Electrical Heating3 independent heating levelsTop-electrodesSide wall-electrodesBottom-electrodes (start-electrodes)Single phase-, two phase- or three phase transformer
ElectrodesTin-oxide electrodesMolybdenum electrodes
ASEAN GLASS CONFERENCE 2007ASEAN GLASS CONFERENCE 2007 FolieFolie 1414 02.02. -- 05.05. OctoberOctober 20072007
TankTank furnacesfurnaces –– latestlatest technologytechnologyTank furnaces todayTank furnaces today
All-Electric Tank Furnace:
Draining unitspermanent or periodicallydirect or indirect heated
Batch ChargingX-Y batch chargerRotating distributor
Advantages of this systemTemperature profile adjustableHigher flexibility concerning pull rateEasier changing of batch composition
ASEAN GLASS CONFERENCE 2007ASEAN GLASS CONFERENCE 2007 FolieFolie 1515 02.02. -- 05.05. OctoberOctober 20072007
TankTank furnacesfurnaces –– latestlatest technologytechnologyComparison: OxyComparison: Oxy--FuelFuel All ElectricAll Electric
Oxy-Fuel All ElectricSpecific energyconsumption[kWh/kg glass]
Both technologies in compare:
higher, but dependenton furnace size andbatch composition
lower, but dependenton furnace size andbatch composition
Specific energycosts [€/kg glass]
higher, but dependent onenergy prices [€/kWh]
lower, but dependent onenergy prices [€/kWh]
Investment costs(furnace + filter)
higher lower
Operation costs lower higher
CO2- and NOx higher lower
ASEAN GLASS CONFERENCE 2007ASEAN GLASS CONFERENCE 2007 FolieFolie 1616 02.02. -- 05.05. OctoberOctober 20072007
TankTank furnacesfurnaces –– latestlatest technologytechnologyComparison: OxyComparison: Oxy--FuelFuel All ElectricAll Electric
Oxy-Fuel All ElectricLife time 6 – 10 years, depending
on glass typemax. 4-6 years, dependingon glass type
Flexibility pull rate higher flexibility lower flexibility
Glass quality:higher
Increase of pull rate possible with electric boosting difficult
- flexible pull rate- constant pull rate lower
lowerhigher
Changing glass type much easier more difficult
Reconstruction time shorterlonger
Furnace control equal equal
+ other specificcriterias of customers …. ….
ASEAN GLASS CONFERENCE 2007ASEAN GLASS CONFERENCE 2007 FolieFolie 1717 02.02. -- 05.05. OctoberOctober 20072007
TankTank furnacesfurnaces –– latestlatest technologytechnologyTank furnaces todayTank furnaces today
General Design
Platinum Feeder System:
Platinum tube systemStirrer cell with stirrerDraining nozzleConnecting tubePlunger cell with stirrer-plungerOrifice or outflow nozzle
Stirrer CellReduction of cordsTemperature homogenization
Draining Nozzlepermanent or periodically
ASEAN GLASS CONFERENCE 2007ASEAN GLASS CONFERENCE 2007 FolieFolie 1818 02.02. -- 05.05. OctoberOctober 20072007
TankTank furnacesfurnaces –– latestlatest technologytechnologyTank furnaces todayTank furnaces today
Platinum Feeder System:
Plunger CellConditioning of glass temperatureReduction of cords and shear marks
Connecting tubeConditioning of glass temperature
Type of HeatingDirect heatingIndirect heating
Mixture of the different heating systems
Orifice/Outflow NozzleForming of Gobs
Inductive heating
ASEAN GLASS CONFERENCE 2007ASEAN GLASS CONFERENCE 2007 FolieFolie 1919 02.02. -- 05.05. OctoberOctober 20072007
TankTank furnacesfurnaces –– latestlatest technologytechnologyTank furnaces tomorrowTank furnaces tomorrow
Microwave – Technology in refining part
Technology of the future:
Iridium as new electrode-materials
New energy-sources ?
ASEAN GLASS CONFERENCE 2007ASEAN GLASS CONFERENCE 2007 FolieFolie 2020 02.02. -- 05.05. OctoberOctober 20072007
TankTank furnacesfurnaces –– latestlatest technologytechnology
IWG Ingenieurbüro Wagenbauer
Glasofenbau GmbH
Fürhaupten 35
94227 Zwiesel – Germany
Phone: +49 – 9922 – 8448-0
Fax: +49 – 9922 – 8448-21
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: www.iwg-online.com
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