tanta project designed by un-habitat, implemented by gopp, ministry of housing, infrastructure &...
TRANSCRIPT
TANTA
Project Designed by UN-HABITAT,Implemented By GOPP, Ministry Of Housing, Infrastructure & Urban
Development and Financed by Cities Alliance, UN-HABITAT & World Bank
UN-HABITATUnited Nations Human Settlements ProgrammeRegional Office for Africa and the Arab States
Rapid Urban Sector Profiling for Sustainability (RUSPS)
This report was prepared by the RUSPS team of Egypt elaborating on information collected through interviews with key urban actors in Menouf and a city consultation facilitated by the team members.This project and report were managed and supervised by Ali El Faramawy and important inputs were provided by Has-sanien Abouzeid, Abdelwahab Helmy, Moustafa Madbouly, Ghada Farouk Hassan, Heba Aboul Fadl, Mohab El Refaie, Doaa El Sherif, Alia El Mahdi, Anwar El Nakeeb and Mohamed Eid, with the assistance of Ahmed El Fay-oumy and Ahmed Samy.
Graphic editing by Mostafa Kamal Madbouly
The designation employed and the presentation of the material in the publication do not imply the impression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, terri-tory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries, or regarding its eco-nomic system or degree of development. The analysis, conclusions and recommendations of the report do not necessar-ily reflect the views of the United Nations Human Development Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT), the Govern-ing Council of UN-HABITAT or its Member States.
Excerpts from this publication may be reproduced without authorisation, on condition that the source is indicated.
© United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT), 2006 HS Number: N/A ISBN Number: N/AUnited Nations Human Settlements Programme Publications can be obtained from UN-HABITAT Regional and In-formation Offices or directly from:
United Nations Human Settlements ProgrammeP.O. Box 30030, GPO 00100 Nairobi, Kenya Fax: (25420) 762 4266/7 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.unhabitat.org
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TANTA PROFILE – EXECUTIVE SUMMARY……….......... TANTA PROFILE – INTRODUCTION……….......………. TANTA PROFILE – BACKGROUND……...........….…..… TANTA PROFILE – GOVERNANCE……………….....…
TANTA PROFILE – SLUMS & SHELTERS……..…….… TANTA PROFILE – GENDER AND HIV/AIDS…….…..…
TANTA PROFILE – ENVIRONMENT……………………… TANTA PROFILE – BASIC URBAN SERVICES…………
TANTA PROFILE – LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT …
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GOVERNANCE PROJECT PROPOSALS ….……….………. SLUMS & SHELTERS………………………….…...….……GENDER & HIV/AIDS……………………….…………….ENVIRONMENT…………………………………………….BASIC URBAN SERVICES……………….……….………..LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT………………….…..
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FOREWORD
As part of our drive to address this crisis, UN-HABITAT is working with the executive committee of the European Union (EU) and other partners to support sustainable development around the world. Given the urgent and diverse needs, the agency found it necessary to developing a tool for rapid assessment to guide immediate, mid and long term interventions. In 2004, UN-HABITAT’s Regional Office for Africa and Arab States took the initiative to develop the approach further for application in over 24 countries. This was achieved in collaboration with many departments within the agency The implementation of the RUSPS was supported by the governments of Italy, Belgium and Netherlands as well as Cities Allianace, WB and GTZ in Egypt.
The idea behind RUSPS is to help formulate urban poverty reduction policies at the local, national and regional levels through rapid, participatory, cross cutting, holistic and action oriented assessment of needs. RUSPS initially addressed four main themes governance, slums, gender and environment. It seeks to build a national profile and three city profiles.
In Egypt the RUSPS has been implemented in Alexandria and Suez and has extended to five other cities. Two sectors where added, namely economy and infrastructure and in Rosetta an
additional sector – Heritage - was further required. More importantly, the RUSPS has been
adapted to a variety of needs and served many national programmes and projects.
.
I wish to acknowledge the contribution of the team in Nairobi with the leadership of Dr.
Mohamed El-Sioufi, the efforts of Dr. Ali El-Faramawy, UN-HABITAT Programme Manager
in Egypt, and Dr. Hazem El-Koeidy, Chairman of the General Organization for Physical Planning.
Furthermore, I wish to thank the local team of experts implementing and adapting the RUSPS in Egypt, namely, Dr. Ghada Farouk, Dr. Mohab El-Refaei, Dr. Hebatallah Abou El-Fadl, Dr. Mostafa
Madbouly, Dr. Doaa El-Sherif, Dr. Hassanein Abou Zied, Dr. Abdel Waab Helmy, and Dr. Mohamed Eid as well as the many planners,
architects and engineers supporting the team.
I would like to wish the Ministry of Housing, Utilities and Urban Development and all who
have participated in and supported this initiative success in implementing the various programmes that were based on the RUSPS method. I am also
looking forward to supporting further efforts in the development of Egypt’s urban sector.
Anna K. Tibaijuka
Under–Secretary–General of the United Nations, and
Executive Director UN-HABITAT
Egyptian cities are confronted in the new
Millennium with problem of accommodating the
apparently rapid growing populations in cities and
providing them with tenure, infrastructure and
shelter while ensuring sustainability as well as
enhancing economic growth.
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Gender and HIV/AIDSBoth Tanta and Gharbia Governorate have witnessed
several initiatives and projects supporting gender issues: micro-credit for married women, training on gender issues, and donor-funded gender-related projects. In addition, the
HIV/AIDS programme has worked with Community Based Organizations "CBOs" since 1986. There is no policy for regularising informal female labour, which represents 50 percent of the total informal workforce. Women in slums
such as Tel El-Hadadeen and Ganabia suffer from violence and a higher crime rate. The governorate has established a
gender office within its organizational structure. Furthermore, other specialised bodies such as the National
Council for Women carry out gender-related projects.
EnvironmentThe city has a number of environmental problems. Solid waste disposal systems are insufficient due to the lack of desert hinterland for building a new solid waste plant. The city also suffers from the presence of several heavy industries and highly polluted workshops. The city still depends mainly on underground water for its water supply. The majority of water canals and drainages are heavily polluted due to direct sewage disposal. The city also suffers from air pollution, a result of heavy traffic and the burning of rice stalks and hazardous waste from hospitals and health care units.
Basic Urban ServicesThe local authority encourages the upgrading of informal
settlements and slums by providing the required infrastructure. In general, the city suffers from poor
quantity and quality of potable water, a result of water canals and drains being polluted by industrial waste and
sewage. There are many areas without a sewage system and water tanks above residential blocks are not maintained.
Within the last five years, the city has witnessed substantial improvement in the quality of roads, pavements, and street lighting. CBOs play an important role by providing urban
services to poor neighbourhoods.
Local Economic DevelopmentThe lack of desert hinterland has limited horizontal expansion. There is no industrial zone due to the scarcity of urban land. Accordingly, investors have been forced to implement their projects outside the city. This has had a major negative impact on job opportunities within the city. The city has several old hotels that do not abide by the recent codes and standards set by the Ministry of Tourism. All the current markets are informal and cause critical problems for vendors and the overall traffic system within the city.
IntroductionRapid Urban Sector Profiling for Sustainability (RUSPS) is an accelerated and action-oriented urban assessment of needs and capacity-building gaps at the city level. It is currently being implemented in well over 20 countries in Africa and the Arab states. RUSPS uses a structured approach where priority interventions are agreed upon through consultative processes. The RUSPS methodology consists of three phases: (1) a rapid participatory urban profiling at national level, focusing on governance, slums, gender and HIV/AIDS, environment, and proposed interventions (due to the local conditions, the World Bank and the Egyptian government added two issues of important local concern – local economic development and basic urban services); (2) detailed priority proposals; and (3) project implementation. RUSPS in Egypt encompasses a national profile, as well as profiles for Alexandria, Suez, El-Menya, Tanta, Baltim, Rosetta, and Menouf, each published as a separate report. This is the Tanta report and it constitutes a general background, a synthesis of the six themes – governance, slums, gender and HIV/AIDS, environment, local economic development, and basic urban services – as well as a list of priority project proposals.
BackgroundTanta is the capital city of Gharbia Governorate and is administratively divided into two districts, each consisting of seven sheikhas. The total population of the city is 424,000. Located in the south of the governorate, the city lies on both the Cairo-Alexandria agricultural road and the Cairo-Alexandria railway, 110 km from Cairo and 120 km from Alexandria. It is located in the heart of the delta midway between the Rashid and Damietta branches of the Nile River. To the north it borders Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate and Mansoura city, to the south Shabin El-Kom city, to the east Zakazik city, and to the west Damanhour Governorate. Thus, it is considered the link between Gharbia Governorate and Kafr El-Sheikh, Damietta, and Dakahlia Governorates. It also represents a transportation hub, not only for the delta, but also for greater Egypt, since all regional roads (connecting the cities of Damietta, Kafr El-Sheikh, Alexandria, Cairo, and Suez Canal, as well as the Sinai through Sharkia Governorate) meet at it. It has the largest railway station in Egypt, which plays a vital economic role, as it is considered a major link among cities and for transporting agricultural crops and other products. The city also has a touristic side thanks to the El-Baddawy shrine, which attracts two millions visitors during the annual festival held on El-Badawy's birthday. In addition, numerous visitors come to the shrine on a weekly basis. The area surrounding the shrine has to be expanded to be better utilised for religious tourism.
GovernanceThe local authority in Tanta faces several challenges. The lack of local financial resources, dependence on central governmental fiscal transfer, and a limited number of qualified personnel lead to poor quality services. However, the governorate currently has an active governor who is proactive and expresses a willingness to improve the city. In general, there is a lack of understanding among citizens and local authority officials of what urban governance truly stands for (e.g. transparency, decentralisation, and accountability).
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Slums and SheltersAccording to Central Authority for Public Mobilization And Statistics "CAPMAS" and the Ministry of Local Development, there are 47 slums and informal settlements in Gharbia Governorate, inhabited by 868,317 persons (74 percent of the total urban population). Accordingly, the governorate is among the top ten governorates with a “slum problem”. There is a data discrepancy concerning the slum population of Tanta. There are 9 slums and informal areas divided as follows: within the first district there are 3 slums located in the 3 sheikhas (Dawaween, Seiger, and Mahatta), with a total area of 242 feddans; within the second district, there are 6 slums located in 4 sheikhas (Emary, Malga’a, Quohafa, and Salakhana), with a total area of 283 feddans.
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The Rapid Urban Sector Profiling for Sustainability
Rapid Urban Sector Profiling for Sustainability (RUSPS) consists of an accelerated and action-oriented assessment of urban conditions, focusing on priority needs, capacity gaps, and existing institutional responses at local and national levels. The purpose of the study is to develop urban poverty reduction policies at local, national, and regional levels, through an assessment of needs and response mechanisms, and as a contribution to the wider-ranging implementation of the Millennium Development Goals. The study is based on analysis of existing data and a series of interviews with all relevant urban stakeholders, including local authority and government institutions, civil society, the private sector, development partners, academics, and others. This consultation typically results in a collective agreement on priorities and their development into proposed capacity-building and other projects, all aimed at urban poverty reduction. RUSPS is being implemented in well over 20 Africa and Arab countries, offering an opportunity for comparative regional analysis. Once completed, this series of studies will provide a framework for central and local authorities and urban actors, as well as donors and external support agencies.
Methodology
RUSPS consists of three phases:
Phase one consists of rapid profiling of urban conditions at national and local levels. Representatives of small, medium, and large cities, revealing a wide range of local conditions, are studied to provide a representative sample in each country. The analysis focuses on six themes: governance, slums, gender and HIV/AIDS, environment, local economic development, and basic urban services. Information is collected through standard interviews and discussions with institutions and key informants, in order to assess the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of the national and local urban settings. The findings are presented and refined during city and national consultation workshops and consensus is reached regarding priority interventions. National and city reports synthesise the information collected and outline ways forward to reduce urban poverty through holistic approaches.
Phase two builds on the priorities identified through pre-feasibility studies and develops detailed capacity-building and capital investment projects.
Phase three implements the projects developed during the two earlier phases, with an emphasis on skills development, institutional strengthening, and replication.
This report presents the outcomes of RUSPS Phase One at the local level in Tanta.
RUSPS in Tanta
RUSPS in Tanta is one of seven similar exercises conducted in Egypt. Alexandria and Suez represent coastal cities, while Baltim and Menouf represent small cities. Rosetta is an example of a city where cultural heritage is vulnerable; Menia is an example of a medium-sized city on the Nile River in Upper Egypt; and Tanta is a representative of large cities that lie at the heart of the delta in Lower Egypt. Each city profile is published as a separate report.
In Tanta, many national development projects have been implemented: the national development of rural strategies, the national project for western expansion, as well as many pro-poor and slum projects financed and directed by NGOs or foreign donors. The aim of RUSPS is to develop formal inter-agency collaboration in order to create a coordination body integrating a wide range of stakeholders in a single response mechanism.
Report Structure
This report consists of :
1. A general background of the urban sector in Tanta, based on the findings of the Tanta assessment report, a desk study, interviews, and a city consultation that was held in Tanta in May 2006 (see back cover for a list of participants in the city consultation and a bibliography). The background includes data on administration, urban planning, the economy, the informal and private sector, urban poverty, infrastructure, water and sanitation, public transport, energy, health, and education, at both central government and city level;
2. A synthetic assessment of six main areas – governance, slums, gender and HIV/AIDS, environment, local economic development, and basic urban services – in terms of the institutional set-up, regulatory framework, resource mobilisation, and performance; this second section also highlights agreed priorities and includes a list of identified projects;
3. A SWOT analysis and an outline of priority project proposals for each theme (this is the third and final section); the proposals include beneficiaries, partners, estimated cost, objectives, activities, and outputs.
INTRODUCTION
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Tanta Master Plan 2005•Planned area till year 2004: 3000 Feddans•Residential density: 128 person/Feddan•Cordon area: 2098 Feddan
The approved urban boundary area for Tanta was 2,098 feddans in 1986, according to that year’s master plan. The area has increased to 4,036 feddans (according to the approved master plan of 2005). The master plan of 1986 recommended that 385 feddans be available to the growing city until 1997 and that 490 feddans be available for use until 2002 (35 feddans each year). In 2005, the urban expansion of the city reached 220 feddans – 68 feddans that were not included in the master plan and 152 feddans that were within the master plan. On this land, the local authority, through the Directorate of Housing, has developed 23 feddans while individuals and private investors have developed the rest.Accordingly, the actual development of the city reached 45 percent of the planned areaallocated for future use until 2002, with an annual rate of about 22 Feddans. A crucial issue is that developing this area during the last 11 years (plannedand unplanned) has been at the expense of agricultural land.
HIGH DENSITY RESIDENTIAL AREALOW DENSITY RESIDENTIAL AREAREGIONAL ACTIVIESDEVOLOPMENT URBAN AREASTANTA UNIVERSITYLOCAL SERVICESSERVICES LOCATION PROPOSEDEXISTING INDUSRIESREG. ROAD PROPOSEDEXISTINGT REG. ROADSEC.ROADSCOLLECTING ROADSPUBLIC UTILITIESPOWER LINES
TANTA in DATA
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Population Numbers and Annual Growth Rates for Sheiakha of Tanta City
Tanta faced rapid urban growth during the second half of the 20th century, whichexceeded the capacity of the city and resulted in an acute deficit of housing and services,inadequate facilities, deteriorating old residential neighbourhoods, encroachmenton agricultural land, mixed land use, and environmental pollution. This has contributed tothe emergence of several slum areas. The average population increase during the last 50years has been at a rate of 2.5 percent: 3.4 percent between 1960-1976, and decreasing rates after that, with 1976, 1986, and 1996 showing population growth rates of 2, 1.7, and 1 percent respectively.
Growth of Urban Population of Tanta
Population and Densities within Slum areas in Tanta Evolution of population numbers from1976-2005
TANTA’s DEVELOPMENT
1st District
2nd District
total
Population of Slum25,80025,60051.4
Area of slum in Feddan
242282520
Population density in slum areas
106.690.8106
SHEIAKHAPOPULATIONANNUAL GROWTH RATE EstimatedPopulation
2005 YEAR19761986199686/7696/8696/76
SHIAKAT ALBORSA1243813435151000.771.180.9716971
ALDAWAWEHN2383924822239820.40-0.340.0323170
KAFR SEGAR1566328417354406.142.234.1744199
KOBRI ALMA7TA4547754797598881.880.891.3965452
Marzouk841265546070-2.46-0.76-1.625622
Asla3a sq.1161988998142-2.63-0.89-1.767449
Abou Al-Nor3397738348450451.221.621.4252912
Total of 1st Kism of Tanta
1514251752721936671.471.001.24215775
Al-Salakhana1401424394293785.701.883.7735380
Al-Amary2528830851367322.011.761.8843734
Al-kafra Alsharqia879677126614-1.31-1.52-1.425672
Almalgaa2741334144376692.220.991.6041558
Sabry405935052971-1.46-1.64-1.552518
Ali aga332073284230038-0.11-0.89-0.5027473
Qahafa1724323363276203.081.692.3832653
Outside Tanta’s cordon1795443482049.466.357.8915179
Total of 2nd kism of Tanta
1318151612451792262.041.061.55204168
Total of Tanta city2832403365173728931.741.031.38419944
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Engineering and Technical Departments within the district level .
Tasks
Chief of the District District’s Secretary General
Coordination and supervision of all technical departments and setting local priorities in cooperation
with local units and engineering departments.
Infrastructure Department Preparation and monitoring of the implementation of infrastructure and transportation projects
Organizational Department Documentation, enforcement of laws and urban policies, fighting any violation and enforcing penalties
Building Department Issuing building’s permits
Properties DepartmentProperties registration and enforcement of its by-laws
Projects DepartmentMonitoring the progress of projects’ implementation
Maintenance Department Solid Waste Management, Road paving, city beautification
Environmental Department Control of environmental pollution, enforcement of environmental laws and regulation, issuing penalties for
violations
Demolition and Construction Department
Issuing demolition and construction permits and receiving citizens’ complaint in that respect .
Administrative Structure of Tanta
Land as the Main Natural Resource in Tanta
Informal expansion on the agricultural land within the north side of city
The city is famous for its fertile agricultural land. However, the city has lost
almost 1,000 feddans due to informal urban encroachment. The land is divided according
to its fertility as follows: 1st grade : 3,237 feddans
2nd grade: 43,126 feddans3rd grade: 17,056 feddans
4th grade: 117 feddansAccording to official records, there were 2,775 illegal
constructions on agricultural land in 2003. The local authority has issued a demolition notice for 1,442 of them,
out of which 893 have not been carried out.
Main Policies and Legislations for land Protection
The General Organization for Physical Planning has been assigned to prepare strategic urban plans for all Egyptian villages and cities within three years period in order to protect agricultural land from informal encroachment. the master plan of Tanta has been prepared in 2003 and authenticated by the ministerial decree 457/2004 and issued in the official newsletter in March 2005
The Secretary-General of the Governorate of Gharbia heads the administrative structure of Tanta.
The city is divided administratively into two districts. Under each district chief, there are a number of service departments: engineering, legal affairs, finance, economy and production, tourism, rural development, and social affairs. These departments are mainly concerned with rural and urban development, local project implementation, and monitoring and responding to citizens’ complaints.
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The Contribution of Formal and Informal Private Sector
0.00%
1.00%
2.00%
3.00%
4.00%
5.00%
6.00%
7.00%
8.00%
employment distribution
tourism
agricultre
industry
transport
services
7%
0.4%
4%
0.5%
2%
Estimated population 2003Average family
size
Occupancy rate
PopulationNo. of Households
424,300115,4004.3 person
1.3 Person/ room
Al-Sayed El-Badawy Mosque Area
The numbers of employees according to different economic activities are as follows: 28,550 in industrial sector 1,689 in tourism sector 17,124 in commercial sector 2,352 in fishery 8,168 in transportation, communications and storage
Distribution of Employees on Economic Activities
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DEconomic Profile of Tanta
The city is located in the heart of the delta, midway between the Rashid and Damietta branches of the Nile River. To the north it borders Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate and Mansoura city, to the south Shebin El-Kom city, tothe east Zakazik city, and to the west Damanhour city. Thus, it is considered the link between Gharbia Governorate and Kafr El-Sheikh, Damietta, and DakahliaGovernorates. It also represents a transportation hub, not only for the delta but also for greater Egypt, since all regional roads (connecting the cities of Damietta, Kafr El-Sheikh, Alexandria, Cairo, and Suez Canal, as well as the Sinai through Sharkia Governorate) meet at it.
Tanta has the largest railway station in Egypt after Cairo and Alexandria. It plays a vital economic role as it is considered the main link among regional cities and the main hub for transporting agricultural crops and other products. The city also has a touristic side, thanks to the El-Badawy shrine, which attracts two millions visitors to the annual festival held on El-Badawy's birthday. Numerous visitors also come on a weekly basis. Accordingly, the area surrounding the shrine has to be expanded and utilised for religious tourism. Tanta's economy depends on handicrafts and light industries. It also depends on commercial services offered daily to visitors of the El-Badawy mosque. The city is also famous for its sweets industry. The current unemployment rate is about 15 percent.
Sources: • Human Development Report for Egyptian Governorates (Gharbiah Governorate), UNDP 2003• Informal Housing in Egypt• CAPMAS statistical report
The government encourages private sector participation in urban development. The private sector, especially the informal part of it, assumes a substantial role in delivering certain local services within Tanta city, such as solid waste collection and transportation. Meanwhile, the formal private sector has a leading role in communication.
Urban Poverty in TantaThe economic situation in the city has deteriorated as a result of moving the weekly Monday market to El-Mahla El-Kobra city; this market had been a major source of economic prosperity. In addition, the construction of a ring road around Tanta has prevented all trucks using the Cairo-Alexandria highway from stopping in the city to rest and purchase their needs. This has resulted in economic stagnation for the city.
Police harassment at the informal markets within the city meanwhile has caused problems for farmers who usually sell their goods in these markets. This has resulted in increased prices of such goods.
Despite government efforts to reduce urban poverty through educational, sewage, and water supply projects, in addition to micro-credit projects, the city is in urgent need of a strategic economic development plan to improve the current urban deterioration.
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Water Supply Sources
Transportation
Basic Urban Services and Infrastructure
Solid Waste Collection and Disposal
• Several areas within the city are deprived of sewage services, especially within slums and informal
settlements, where illegal networks exist. • There is no industrial waste disposal system (the current yarn and oil companies are dumping their
wastewater in the regular sewage networks).• Septic tank waste is dumped in water drains and in Qased canal. This pollutes the main source of water
for the city. • The areas served by the sewage network suffer from its deteriorated condition and its overflow.
• The total length of current water and sewage lines within residential areas is 74,930 meters.
•Water pollution, wastewater, and solid waste are crucial infrastructure and urban services issues for
Tanta. Solid waste management has witnessed considerable improvement in the last five years due
to the efforts of private companies. In addition, roads, pavements, and street lighting have improved
with the increase of local financial resources.
•Community-based organizations (CBOs), in cooperation with the local authority, play a
substantial role in helping the poor access basic urban services, especially in deprived and slum areas. This cooperation has taken place in the areas of water
supply, sewage, solid waste disposal, and micro-credit.
• The main water supply source is underground water. Eighty percent of the city population depends on this source for acquiring drinking water. However, due to an increase in its salinity, underground water is becoming unsuitable for drinking. Accordingly, the city has to depend on surface water and construct water treatment plants to meet the existing and future needs.
• In addition to the poor quality of water sources, the quantity is limited and the resulting consumption is less than the national average.
Sewage System
• Several private companies collect the city’s solid waste, which is recycled and turned into organic manure by a factory that can process 320 tons per day. The unusable refuse is buried in solid waste landfills (three units) on an area of three feddans in Dafra village, near the factory.
• A new landfill is currently under construction in Sadat city, with a total cost of 12 million Egyptian pounds (EGP), to be used as soon the current landfill reaches its full capacity.
• The city represents a transportation hub, not only for the delta but also for greater Egypt, since all regional roads (reaching the cities of Damietta, Kafr El-Sheikh, Alexandria, Cairo, and Suez Canal, in addition to the Sinai through Sharkia Governorate) meet at it. It has the third-largest railway station in Egypt, which plays a vital economic role and is considered the main link among regional cities and a hub for transporting agricultural crops and other products. This has resulted in severe traffic problems within the city, particularly when an additional two million persons visit the city during the annual festival of El-Badawy. The city needs an urgent solution for this problem.
• Public buses and minibuses are the main means of transportation in the city. Private microbuses play a vital role in internal transportation, but nevertheless result in traffic congestion at the city’s entry points.
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Education rate
75
80
85
90
95
1001st District
2nd District
Total
Existing city roads length in Km
Roads in Tanta Education
Source of Energy
Since 2003, the whole city has had access to electricity services (Gharbia Human Development
Report 2003 – UNDP).
Partners in Development
Health
No. of Health units in Tanta city
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Tanta is considered the meeting point of different regional roads within the delta. Thiscauses critical inner city traffic problems and requires actions such as widening roads or changing the traffic flow direction of several main andsecondary streets within an integrated traffic plan.
The roads can be divided into the following categories:• Main (and higher speed) roads – 16 percent•Paved roads – 73 percent•Unpaved roads – 10 percent
Health insurance is subsidized for all citizens. The Ministry of Health provides health units and
hospitals with the required equipment, while CBOs support financially some individual cases in-need
among the urban poor. The city has substantial medical resources, with
4,309 hospital beds, 7,546 doctors, and 9,212 nursing staff.
Tanta is privileged to have high quality educational institutions, and the number of registered students in both
basic and higher education reaches 95 percent of the eligible population.
The government has established a system to monitor the quantity and quality of education (for example, through monthly statistics about the number of male and female student dropouts, in addition to other information). To
benefit the poor, the government offers education free of charge.
The partners in development play an important role in urban development process. Theycan be divided into:
CBOsSeveral CBOs, charities, and religious organizations are willing to participate in providing urban services for poor areas, as well as engaging in capacity building, training, and raising awareness about citizen participation in development. There are 10 CBOs that receive direct funds from the government to achieve their objectives, and 221 CBOs that do not receive any state support.
NGOsThe number of NGOs specializing in providing support for poor families (especially female-headed households) is increasing. Today, 20 active NGOs receive support from the state; another 18 do not get such support.
DonorsTanta has not received any foreign donor support for development. However, the city anticipates receiving such support, especially in the field of upgrading informal settlements and slums. These areas in particular are suffering from severe environmental and other problems.
Sources: •Human Development Report for Egyptian Governorates (Gharbiah Governorate), UNDP 2003•Informal Housing in Egypt•CAPMAS statistical report
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The Egyptian government is trying to use the city’s independent income resources to carry out local projects. Such funds can amount to 50 percent of the project budget from the central government.
The city follows the typical administration structure in Egypt:
The central government employs the governor. The governor recommends city mayors and
neighborhood chiefs, who are then employed according to these recommendations.
The city executive council is employed and not elected. The members of the people’s council are elected. The people’s local council monitors the executive
council
RESOURCE MOBILISATION
The city has various income resources:
• There is no present document for running the city; the administration follows local administration law no.
43/1979.• The city is run according to a five-year plan that defines the needs of the city; this plan is prepared by
prioritizing city problems (in consultation with the local people’s councils), which are then translated into
projects.• The Minister of Local Development employs the city
council president, based upon the governor’s recommendation and the approval of supervision
organizations.• The governor (local administration) employs members
of the city council (executive council).• The local administration declares bids through national
newspapers.• There is independent and continuous supervision of the
local administration accounts.• There is a department for receiving people’s complaints
(People’s Service Division).
PERFORMANCE & RESPONSIBILITY
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INTRODUCTION
ORGANIZATIONAL SETUP
The central government appoints the governor. The Minister of Local Development appoints the mayor
of the city. The members of the governorate council are appointed
according to law 47 of 1979. The members of the public local council for the city or
the districts are elected; each represents a political party and the list of candidates is checked with security and finally endorsed by the governor.
The local city council is constituted of 24 men with no representation of women (the law does not specify a specific minimum number of women).
The departments of the city council include specialized departments (administration, technical, and professional) as well as additional auxiliary services.
• Property fees (real estate and building permits)• Physical planning fees (land ownership)• Entertainment fees (cafes, cinemas, cafeterias)• Sanitary works fees• Local commercial and industrial fees (workshops and
commercial stores)• Revenues from government land properties• Revenues from local authority projects (e.g. river
transport, bakeries, services and local development funds, cleanliness funds, city enhancement funds, a gas project, and road projects)
رئيسالمدينة
الخدمات فروعالشبابوالرياضة
الضرائبالعقارية
قسمالتخطيطوالمتابعةواإلحصاء
قسمالعالقاتالعامة
مكتبالشكاوي
قسمالشئونالقانونية
اإلقتصاديقسماإلنعاش
المدينة إدارةالشئونالهندسية سكرتير
قسمالمبانيوالمشروعات
قسمالتخطيطالعمراني والتنظيموالتراخيص
– مياه(قسمالمرافق )صرفصحي
قسمالحملةالميكانيكية
قسمشئونالمجالس واللجانوالمؤتمرات
قسمالشئونالمالية
قسمالشئوناإلدارية )الخدماتالداخلية (
قسمشئونالعاملين )اإلستحقاقات –التوظيف (
Head of the City
Youth & Sports
Real Estate Taxes
Legal Affairs Dept.
Economic Development
Dept.
Services Branches
Planning & follow up
Public Relations Dept.
Complaints Office
Engineering Dept.City Secretary
Administration Affairs Dept.
Human Resources
Council Affairs
& Committees
InfrastructureDept.
Mechanical Dept.
Financial Dept.
Building & Projects
Physical Planning& Permits
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PROPOSALS FOR LOCAL GOVERNACE ASSESSMENT
1- Local administration:• Training the engineering divisions in developing public-
private partnerships, in order to increase project performance.
• Building capabilities while offering new equipment.
2- Local Community Groups:• In every residential neighborhood, there is an NGO that
works on bringing together the government and the people, as well as those focusing on enabling small projects by offering loans.
The strategic plans of the public councils are announced to the public before getting approved.
Civil society is consulted only in the project approval phase through the local elected councils.
There is inadequate representation of women in the council and in the decision-making circles.
No clear/concrete partnerships or cooperation exist among the council, NGOs, and the private sector to support and develop the council’s public services.
The government does not participate with civil society in planning and budgeting; the budget is prepared by the central government.
The local administration is aware of the importance of the role of NGOs.
The local administration is aware of the importance of improving local governance, but sees effective supervision by officials as the primary means.
There is a gap in collecting fees because the law has stopped all penalties for not paying the fees.
Working men
Working women39%61%
The number of employees and workers in the governorate is 422 (256 of men with the percentage of 61% and 166 of women with the percentage of 39% distributed according to job rank.
Neither the police department nor any other local authority has published a policy for crime control.
There is an office responsible for receiving people’s complaints.
There is representation of women in the people’s local council due to elections, but there are no quotas for women. There is only one woman present in the people’s local council and one woman in every neighborhood council.
There are 422 employees and workers in the governorate administration (256 or 61 percent are men and 166 or 39 percent are women, distributed according to job rank).
ALLEVIATING POVERTY & IMPROVING THE SOCIAL CONDITIONS
INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT
CAPACITY BUILDING & TRAINING
GOVERNANCE
No. 1Project proposal
page 23
Constructing a data base using GIS for urban development and administration.
GOVERNANCE
No. 2Project proposal
page 23
Programs for qualifying the local government employees for participation with NGOs and Private sector
GOVERNANCE
No. 3Project proposal
page 23
Establishing a specialized division in dealing with donor organizations
GOVERNANCE
No. 4Project proposal
page 23
Developing abilities in the field of strategic planning and participatory planning, local development and slums upgrading.
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SLUMS AND SHELTERS
INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT
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Population according to cabinet info.
Population according to governorate information
center
Population According To
Book Of Informal
Urbanism In Egypt
Population According to H
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1st District
West Old Moahda Road8,41223,982
West & East Alarida & Sigar
Canal8,41235,440
Kafr alagaizy & sekat tala & sekat
sanaded13,11359,888
East High Road On Extension Of Algesh Road Till Petrol Company
40,27829,378
Sekat Alnakhal Area & Alkornish Road Esat Of Oil
Company
7,68336,732208,400
In 1st district
2nd D
istrict
Al Fatah Area Between
Algandour& Algalaa Roads
2,66927,669
Extension Of Antar Bin Shadad
Road Till Al-Kornish Road
75020,418
Area Located Between
Alkornish &Alsad Alaly Road
&Abou Zahra,algalaa
Road
7,12128,920
East of Alsaf canal5,80927,620201,800
In 2nd district
TOTAL101,930580,09465,860410,200
• Gharbia is a rural governorate in which 82 percent of the population lives in villages. The total population is 4.5
million.• Based on CAPMAS and Ministry of Local Development
statistics, there are 47 slums and informal settlements in Gharbia Governorate hosting 868,317 people (74 percent
of the total urban population). Accordingly, the governorate is classified among the top ten Egyptian
governorates affected by a slum problem. • There are 9 slums and informal areas: within the first
district, there are 3 slums located in the 3 sheikhas (Dawaween, Seiger, Mahatta), with a total area of 242
feddans; within the second district, there are 6 slums located in 4 sheikhas (Emary, Malga’a, Quohafa,
Salakhana), with a total area of 283 feddans. • There is data discrepancy concerning the slum population
in Tanta, despite the fact that governmental authorities are the source of data (see the following table).
Seventeen percent of Tanta’s population live in slums and informal settlements, representing 7.6 percent of the total slum population in Gharbia governorate (Information and Decision Support Center- the Cabinet).
The shelter status in the city can be classified according to the city’s evolutionary timeline. Four main stages or types can be defined:
First: Housing in the old city's sheikhas deteriorated due to overcrowding, a result of the city's small area. This state of affairs continues in spite of replacement and renewal operations within the city.
Second: Shanties are the natural consequence of the deterioration of houses. Poor migrants and others used the shanties because economic and social reasons prevented them from residing in the heart of the city. Tanta’s shanty areas include Ganabia, Sattota, and Qorashy Bridge.
Several central and local governmental bodies are responsible for shelter issues and slum upgrading:
• The General Organization for Physical Planning (GOPP) and the Ministry of Housing, Utilities, and Urban Development (through its regional centre in Tanta)
• The Ministry of Planning and Local Development
• Gharbia Governorate, through its Housing Directorate and Urban Planning Department
• The Social Fund for Development
Third: Informal areas are growing on the edge of the urban
built-up area, as land prices are lower there. The inhabitants are often from rural sheikhas. Examples of such informal neighborhoods: Seiger, Mahatta, Emery, Salakhana, and Dawaween.
Fourth: Informal settlements have appeared outside the city cordon; these villages are on the edge of the rural world but expand as the city grows.
The participation of the private sector or NGOs in upgrading informal settlements is very weakand the living conditions within the slums are rapidly deteriorating as a result of limited governmental resources allocated for upgrading purpose.
There are no donor-funded projects in Tanta. A few CBOs and NGOs are currently working in social development within city slums, but without coordination.
There have been several training courses for local governmental staff conducted at the Ministry of Local Development Training Centre in Sakkara; however, such training has not been effective.
There is a need for capacity building and training in areas such as enabling the local community, Geographic Information System techniques, and partnerships with CBOs and NGOs.
Best Practice:Developing informal areas between Cornish and High Dam streetA plan for developing Sekket Baghalla and Cornish street has been prepared with the required financial resources for infrastructure. Several private investors and CBOs are willing to participate.
Several informal areas are under improvement with basic infrastructure such as the area north highway till petroleum companies and the area between Cornish and High Dam street, Bo-Zahra st. and Gala’a street.
Al-Ganabia & Tal al-Haddadin Area
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SHELTER & LIVING CONDITIONS• Tanta city witnessed a housing demand/supply balance
until the middle of the 20th century. The crisis became more complex due to the displacement of people in the aftermath of the 1967 war and the appearance of informal settlements. However, after the oil price increase following the 1973 war there were economic and social changes (with a movement towards a market economy) that led to increasing demand for low-cost housing. This in turn intensified informal settlements at the edge of the city. This period also witnessed new types of luxurious housing and ownership systems, at the expense of common housing and lease systems. In addition, land prices, raw materials, and workforce wages increased, resulting in an imbalance between housing cost and income. These new conditions contributed to a decreased flow of traditional housing supplies to the middle and common classes, who in turn began to build informal houses at the city edge.
• Despite violating several laws, informal settlements built on agricultural land experienced a strong sense of tenure security – these are landowners who turned their original agricultural land into fallow land (Bour),then developed it for real estate and residential purposes.
• There are no registration records for land or buildings within informal settlements.
Tel El-Haddadeen Area
This area is considered top priority for upgrading and improvement. The area is located in the heart of Tanta’s inner city. It is 26 feddans and contains 498 buildings, of which 152 are residential (30 percent of all the buildings in the area). These are handicraft houses and there are an estimated 807 housing units.
There are 70 commercial stores in the area, representing 14 percent of all buildings, and 117 handicraft and industrial activity buildings, representing 24 percent. Tal El-Haddadeen includes seven administrational units, representing 1.5 percent of total units. There is one cultural and entertainment building.
About 70 percent of the buildings are low-rise (344 units). These plots occupy 8.8 feddans, representing 60 percent of the total area built. Most buildings are one or two floors away from optimal exploitation and need further
development and improvement.
RESOURCE MOBILIZATION
REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
• Since law no. 31/1984, there has been no legislation that allows selling state-owned land to the people who
control it. The law stated that the controller is considered a transgressor on state-owned land.
• The prime minister issued three resolutions to organize the transfer of ownership in the scattered informal areas, the most prominent of which (resolution no.
1558) contributes to evicting certain individuals and upgrading and developing slums, if such actions will
benefit the public.• There is an approved master plan for the city with ministerial decree no. 457/2004; however, there is no
detailed plan for specific areas, especially slums.• Since 1993, the local authority has been receiving
governmental funds for upgrading informal settlements within the city, which have been spent mainly on
infrastructure and pavements, without any efforts to improve the socio-economic situation.
• Through the annual fiscal budget, the government finances basic urban infrastructure (water, sewage, electricity, pavements, street lighting) and the main educational and health care services.
• Despite the presence of schools in informal areas, numerous students drop out.
• Informal settlements lack heath care and police services, resulting in social problems such as a high crime rate, urban poverty, and unemployment.
• Several governmental and non-governmental bodies have support programmes for female-headed families (almost 25 percent of families).
• The lack of official IDs or documents related to birth or marriage is a major barrier for acquiring credit.
SLUMS
N° 2Project proposalpage 25
Upgrading Tel El-Haddadeen Area.
SLUMS
N° 1Project proposalpage 25
Upgrading Gannabia Area.
SLUMS
N° 3Project proposalpage 25
Upgrading Seiger Area.
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BEST PRACTICE:
Efforts of Population & Health Directorate to combat AIDS/HIV and
endemic diseases at El-Gharbiah Since 1986, the national program has been cooperating with local development societies in the governorate to combat AIDS. The program targets AIDS and hepatitis B and C, and aims to provide quality consultation and elective examination services to citizens in order to discover and treat the diseases in the early stages. This is carried out by free mobile elective examination clinics. There will also be a specialized place at the fever hospital in Tanta for free elective examination and consultation (this project is under construction at the cost of 91,000 EGP).
Main Results
The national program for combating HIV/AIDS discovered some individuals who tested positive for HIV. Common standardized treatment will be applied to these cases and they are under control.
According to the mobile clinics, no case has been recorded since 14 October 2005.
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GENDER AND HIV/AIDS
First: Projects for productive families help to generate income and improve their standard of living, making good use of skills and professions to provide services (training services and marketing services).
Second: The special administration for women’s affairs carries out projects to train women, contributing to combating poverty and improving rural women’s ability to generate income. There are about ten projects distributed across the governorate.
GENDER BASED SUPPORT
POLICY & INSTITUTIONAL SETUP
• There are no policies concerned with codifying women’s labour (about 50 percent of the informal workforce).
• The progress of women in Tanta is restricted by customs and traditions, the lack of gender quotas for parliamentary seats, and the weak initiatives for establishing kindergartens or health centres.
• Some building activities (like constructing a bridge across Tanta) negatively affect informal activities and consequently restrict the sources of income for many women.
• The government records some cases of violence against women through the Centres for Criminal Research and the Complaints Committee in the Family Court.
• There is a specific policy on HIV/AIDS that promotes care for patients, protecting infected children, and protecting those who offer the service.
• Desegregated data about patients are collected.
Tanta city is considered the capital of the Delta region due to its centrality and its location at the intersection of
regional axes. This situation distinguished Tanta in the trade and food industrialization sectors. Recently, the city
witnessed an economic downturn due to the closure of several large factories (after privatization), the relocation
of the regional cattle market outside the city, and the construction of a bridge that crosses the city. This slump
affected the living circumstances of families generally and woman specifically. Women living in Ganabia and El-
Haddadeen areas also suffer from the high rate of violent crime.
The poverty rate in Tanta city in 1999–2000 was 7 percent, considered a low rate compared to other governorates.
These statistics are still not classified according to gender. Tanta city has one of the lowest child and mother mortality
rates among other Egyptian cities.
Third: Projects for training the Arab woman and USAID projects are oriented to female-headed households
throughout Egyptian society. They aim to organize families and the Gharbia branch provides loans of 1,000
EGP
Fourth: Projects carried out by donors (e.g. the Social Fund for Development).
Assiout 52%
Monofia 19%
Cairo 2%
Gharbiah 7%
Poverty Rate in Gharbia Governorate
National rate of poverty
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EMPOWERMENT & ACCOUNTABILITY
• The procedures adopted to maintain security and reduce the incidence of rape and violence against
women in homes and public places: educating people on the importance of women in society, spreading
religious awareness, lighting all streets and roads, and ameliorating the performance of policemen.
• The concerned authorities that receive and deal with the complaints of violence include the Family Court
and the Consultation and Guidance Bureaus.• Among the gender issues are female circumcision and
domestic violence. These cases stem from doctrinal and cultural legacy pressures.
• There is a recently created department for gender affairs in the local administration.
• There is awareness raising to promote equality between men and women in the economic field, especially in applying for and gaining access to
finance and credit.• There are child-care facilities (kindergartens) offered
for the working mother.• High representation of women in the organizational
structure of the local authority (35 percent of total workers).
• There is only one woman in the local popular council.• Some domestic, public, and special foundations focus
on women’s affairs: – The domestic public foundations include the
National Democratic Party and the National Council for Women.
– The domestic special foundations include NGOs working with women’s issues.
• NGOs are very important entities in this field; there are about 32 organizations at the governorate level
and 27 of them are in Tanta.
BUILDING CAPACITY & TRAINING
• No planning is carried out on the basis of gender.• There is training for government officials to improve
gender sensitivity. Authorities and women’s organizations concerned about the issue of gender coordinate this.
GENDER HIV/AIDS N° 3
Project proposalpage 27
Establishment of closed market for gathering informal vendors (informal labor of women)
GENDER HIV/AIDS N° 2
Project proposalpage 27
Completing the establishment of fever hospital at Al-Menshawy
GENDER HIV/AIDSN° 1
Project proposalpage 27
Center for educating and training handicaps
Kindergarten and Child-care facilities at Tanta city
Infants kindergarten: 41 kindergartens, 1250 ChildrenNormal kindergarten: 733 kindergartens, 59945 ChildrenChildren club: 12 clubs Children library: 23 librariesChildren garden: 6 gardensGovernmental sheltering foundations:12 foundationsSpecial sheltering foundations: 6 foundations
AGREED PRIORITIES
• Policies to mainstream gender at the workplace in all city activities.
• Train Tanta City Council and NGO staff in gender awareness.
• Coordinate relevant stakeholders and gender-related activities in Tanta.
• Improve sources of income for poor women. • Guarantee representation in popular councils and
leading ranks.• Provide and improve facilities for women’s care.
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URBAN ENVIRONMENT ISSUESThe environmental issues are: The lack of integrated solid waste management system. The dependence of half of Tanta city on wells for
drinking water; there is only one surface water purification station. It’s expected that the wells will dry in a period of 3 years or empoisoned due to high percentage of Manganese.
Pollution of water tanks above buildings due to lack of maintenance.
Contamination of water streams as a result of direct disposal of sewage especially in slums and informal settlements.
Insufficiency of current sewage treatment plants. High rates of air pollution due to increasing cars’
exhaust and smoke from hospitals’ incinerators. High rates of agricultural waste (16 thousands feddans
rice producing each 2 tons of rice shaft), besides corn, cotton and fodder wastes.
Burning rice shaft in agricultural lands result in air pollution in the city.
Mix of industrial and residential activities including workshops and factories.
Five tons of medical waste produced daily with 2 incinerators out of 6 are not working.
Lack of planned sites for different kinds of open markets (such as vegetables and cattle's markets). Currently, markets’ sites are unplanned, very dirty and are considered the main source for diseases.
URBAN ENVIRONMENT ISSUESThe environmental issues are: The lack of integrated solid waste management system. The dependence of half of Tanta city on wells for
drinking water; there is only one surface water purification station. It’s expected that the wells will dry in a period of 3 years or empoisoned due to high percentage of Manganese.
Pollution of water tanks above buildings due to lack of maintenance.
Contamination of water streams as a result of direct disposal of sewage especially in slums and informal settlements.
Insufficiency of current sewage treatment plants. High rates of air pollution due to increasing cars’
exhaust and smoke from hospitals’ incinerators. High rates of agricultural waste (16 thousands feddans
rice producing each 2 tons of rice shaft), besides corn, cotton and fodder wastes.
Burning rice shaft in agricultural lands result in air pollution in the city.
Mix of industrial and residential activities including workshops and factories.
Five tons of medical waste produced daily with 2 incinerators out of 6 are not working.
Lack of planned sites for different kinds of open markets (such as vegetables and cattle's markets). Currently, markets’ sites are unplanned, very dirty and are considered the main source for diseases.
LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK
Law 4 / 1994 and it’s bylaws are the current legislative framework for addressing environmental issues.
This law is applied through EIA studies prepared prior to the establishment of any building, Environmental Management Units (EMUs) are responsible for list A Projects, while lists B & C are done by Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA).
To give license to any activity, it should be comply with environmental conditions. In case of non-compliance with laws, EMU files a citation.
EMUs find difficulties to commit big plants to comply with environmental regulations, while small plants most probably respond positively.
EMUs files citations for inhabitants who are not complying with environmental conditions, collected fines go directly to the central fund for environmental preservation in EEAA in Cairo.
INTRODUCTION The city of Tanta suffers from a number of
environmental problems, at the top of these is the Solid Waste (SW) problem. This is problem is aggravated by the unavailability of desert land for landfills. The efforts exerted by Gharbiah Governorate to address SW problem could be considered as one of the best practices, although some coordination is still needed to achieve an integrated SW management system.
The spread of workshops inside Tanta city causes air pollution & noise from which city inhabitants suffer.
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INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORTTanta EMU cooperates with a number of key partners; local departments of irrigation, industrial safety, agriculture, police, health and EEAA.
Workshops are used at Tanta city council level. These workshops address any issue, provide the tasks required to improve it, and coordinate between different departments to implement within 2-3 days. The mechanism was submitted to a competition in Dubai and was rewarded a recognition letter.
Local authority incorporated solid waste problems into city development plans, thus some procedures have taken place to address the problem.
EMU cooperates & coordinates with consultancy centers in faculty of engineering of both Tanta & Menoufia Universities. Through this cooperation studies of compliance with environmental regulations and EIA studies are prepared. EIA for the new landfill is a good example.
EMU is continuously inspecting establishments and proceeding measurements such as: noise, dust, temperature, vibrations, emissions, smoke and steam.
The main obstacle facing EMU is the lack of support from police, and resistance of private sector to environmental conditions specially if they are costly.
There is a number of local community associations working in the field of environment. Some ar funded but are lacking organization and coordination with different stakeholders.
Some local community associations cooperate with the Social Fund for Development in solving environmental problems within areas not covered by local authorities.
THE ENVIRONMENT
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AGREED PRIORITIES Develop institutional set-up of the Tanta EMU. Support local community associations’
capacities to be able to work in the environmental field.
Mitigate bureaucratic procedures and support the establishment of partnerships.
Ensure the Tanta EMU obtains a percentage of revenues collected from environmental fines.
Support the EMU financially and provide it with essential equipment.
Implement awareness-raising programmes for inhabitants.
Developing training programmes for Tanta EMU officials to improve their performance.
RESOURCE MOBILISATION • There is no allocated budget for the Tanta
Environmental Management Unit (EMU); it depends on resources from the central government. Through these resources, the governorate provides the EMU with some necessary equipment, such as cars and furniture. The EEAA provides the EMU with some computers and measurement equipment.
• Mobilisation of resources for environmental projects comes from the Governorate Service Fund and sometimes from its Local Development Fund.
• In addition, some local community development associations and businessmen contribute to environmental projects.
CAPACITY BUILDING & TRAININGCurrent training activities are very weak. Some are implemented in Sakkara Training Centre for local officials, including training on environmental impact assessments (EIAs), environmental screening models, and evaluation of the implementation of environmental regulations.
BEST PRACTICESSolid Waste Management in Gharbia
Governorate Establishment of a recycling plant in Dafra
village to serve Tanta city as a whole, with local development funds. It was launched on 1 October 2005.
Assignation of a piece of land in Sadat city for a new landfill, as desert land is scarce in Tanta. It is expected that this landfill will comply with Egypt Environmental Affairs Agency (EAAA) environmental regulations and contribute to solving the waste disposal problem. The main issue is the high cost of transportation due to the relatively long distance.
Contracting a private company called Care Service to collect waste from houses and transfer it to the Dafra plant; the company is covering Tanta city.
Development of the Tanta Cleansing and Beautification Authority (TCBA) to handle city beautification in addition to street cleaning.
Establishment of a new environmental unit affiliated to TCBA to take the responsibility for inspection and filing citations based on environmental law.
ENVIRO-NMENT
N° 1
Project proposalpage 29
Transfer workshops from inside Tanta city
ENVIRO-NMENT
N° 2
Project proposalpage 29
Develop an integrated system for solid waste with focus on recycling activities, specifically, agriculture waste.
ENVIRO-NMENT
N° 3
Project proposalpage 29
Establishment of an integrated industrial city far from the residential area (outside Tanta city) to include all noisy activities.
Key Requirements for Capacity Building: There is a need for training in the following topics:
EIAs, using measurement equipment, environmental inspection, legal enforcement authority, environmental awareness, and building the institutional and administrative capacities of EMUs and community associations.
There is also a need for measurement instruments and equipment that help in implementing environmental policies.
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BEST PRACTICE
Solid Waste Collection and Disposal • Several private companies collect the
city’s solid waste, which is recycled and turned into organic manure by a factory with a capacity of 320 tons/day. The unusable refuse is buried in a solid waste landfill (three units) on an area of three feddans in Dafra village near the factory.
• A new landfill is currently under construction in Sadat city with a total cost of 12 million EGP, to be used as soon the current landfill reaches its full capacity.
INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT
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• Water pollution, wastewater, and solid waste are crucial infrastructure and urban services issues for Tanta.
• Solid waste management has witnessed considerable improvement in the last five years due to private companies’ efforts.
• Roads, pavements, and street lighting services have improved thanks to local financial resources from local funds.
• CBOs, in cooperation with the local authority, play a substantial role in helping the poor access basic urban services, especially in deprived areas and slums. This cooperation has taken place in water supply, sewage, solid waste disposal, and micro-credit.
The main Challenges facing the city• Poor quality of drinking water• Low quantity of water (less than the average national
consumption level)• Inadequate or nonexistent sewage services in some
areas (sewage networks are suffering from overflow or decay)
• The weak capacity to levy the charges of the cleaning service
• Irresponsible disposal of solid and liquid waste (especially construction waste)
• Dangerous crossroads and intersections, along with the high density of vehicles in inner city areas
• Traffic problem resulting from the two million visitors to the city in the annual El-Badawy festival
• Problematic private microbuses that create traffic congestion at the city’s entry points
• The local authority encourages the upgrading of informal settlements and slums and connects them with basic infrastructure.
• Local authority develops plans and defines priorities, but without the capacity to finance or implement.
• Several NGOs and CBOs provide slums with infrastructure and basic urban services.
• The cleaning and beautification department is affiliated with the head of the city.
BASIC URBAN SERVICES
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• Providing training programmes for decision makers and technicians
• Preparing trained ` infrastructure• Providing logistical support and infrastructure
equipment
RESOURCE MOBILISATION
TRAINING & CAPACITY BUILDING
Slums AreasPowerPavingWaterSewagePlanningTotal
1 st District
West El-Moahda Al-Kadim road200005000060000130000
West and west Seigar canal40000850008000014000070000415000
Kafr Al-Agiaizy & Wakat Tala420006700075000250000434000
Area north highway till the oil companies location
4500056000101000
The area bordered with Sekket El-Nahal area in the north, Cornish street in the east and Oil and Soap Companies
480007500067000135000325000
2nd D
istrict
Al-Gandour road 320003100041000355000459000
Exstension of Antar road till Al-Cornish road
5800087000151000296000
Area between Al-Cornish and Al-Sad road Abou Zahra road, and Al-Galaa road
470007700095000255000474000
East of Saff canal4700810009600018900065,86413000
• National investment plan• Donation, grants
• Local funds• Local initiatives
• User charges for cleaning • Three million EGP has been spent on basic urban services in 2004/2005 for slum upgrading as follows:
Proposed Project
New water treatment plant on Tanta canal with capacity 180 liter/second
BUS
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Proposed Project
Secondary railway station (east of the city on Qased Canal)
BUS
N° 2
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Proposed Project
Solving cordon problem with National Authority for water and sanitation to connect several deprived areas with these services
BUS
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AGREED PRIORITIES
Improving water quality and quantity Providing sewage service to deprived areas
and increasing the capacity of wastewater plants
Creating an integrated system for solid and liquid waste disposal
Solving traffic problems
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LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
INTISUTIONAL SUPPORT & ANALYSIS OF MARKET LEAKAGE
METHODOLOGY & OPPORTUNITIES
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Ensconced in the heart of the delta and surrounded by a green belt, Tanta is considered an agricultural city. However, the city accommodates several industries as well as significant religious tourism activity. The share per inhabitant in GDP is 5,329 EGP (compared with the average of 5,742 EGP in Egypt)
LOCAL ECONOMY MECHANISMSThe presence of an agricultural green belt around the city has limited horizontal expansion. There is no industrial area for the city due to this lack of available land. Consequently, local private investors have had to establish their business projects outside the governorate, which has deprived its citizens of new job opportunities.
The city has a considerable number of old hotels that have not abided with the new codes or standards set in the past decade by the Ministry of Tourism. These hotels todayare facing a compatibility problem with these codes. The owners of the hotels are proposing that the authorities distinguish between hotels built before 2005 (which cannot apply the new codes) and those built after 2005 (which should apply the new codes).
The current markets in Tanta are informal markets and present several problems for farmers or sellers. Due to police harassment, they are often unable to enter such markets to sell their products (e.g. cheese, eggs, and vegetables). This has led to an increase in the prices of these goods. The city is famous for its sweets industry and there is a good opportunity to capitalize on this potential to create more jobs in the future.
The majority of vacant land within the city is owned by the Awkaf (endowments) authority which lacks a vision on how to effectively utilise such an asset. Several encroachments have taken place on their land.
The local authority has defined the priorities for local economic development as follows:
Enabling young graduates to get access to credit and loans, whether from the Social Fund for Development or from other services and local development funds within the governorate.
Offering soft loans for establishing micro-projects that generate income and new job opportunities, reducing the unemployment rate in the governorate.
Establishing exhibitions for domestic products and training centers for young graduates.
Designing vocational training programmes based on real needs in the employment market.
Establishing vocational and small industrial workshops and linking them with soft loans to offer new job opportunities
• The local authority works on developing the local economy through coordinating young graduates and different vocational training centers. In addition, it tries to coordinate with different lending bodies to acquire soft loans or credit for the young graduates, but with limited success.
• The authority has tried to simplify the procedures for issuing work permits or licenses and encourage infrastructure installation for newly established projects.
• The local authority usually supports the holding of seasonal markets and exhibitions, and promotes participation in national exhibitions in other governorates.
• The committee for higher investment in the governorate deals with all development partners in order to promote the development of the local economy.
• Although there are big economic advantages in Tanta, there is no investment map that shows the potential investment areas. There is no industrial zone in the city; as a result, investors face difficulties in getting land to establish projects.
• There are no efficient guarantees for the poor to get access to credit or loans. The poor face difficulties getting jobs because many dropped out of school and are illiterate; they do not have the appropriate qualifications for the labour market and are unable to access loans for small businesses. The prevailing traditions and conventions of the society also negatively affect women's ability to work.
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LED
N° 1Proposed ProjectPage 33
Establishing one city vehicle parking place for trucks in the city
LED
N° 2
Proposed ProjectPage 33
Establishing new developed public markets for the city.
Due to unavailability in the local market, the following products have to be acquired from
outside the governorate: • Wooden products• Cloth • Modern equipment and industrial tools
ECONOMIC LEAKAGE
LED
N° 3
Proposed Project Page 33
Agricultural and solid waste collection and disposal project.
Establishing new and well-developed markets within the city.
Creating a mega parking place for regional trucks (i.e. a truck stop), with affiliated services and facilities.
Simplifying access to credit and loans to generate new jobs.
Establishing new businesses and light industries that depend on large numbers of labourers.
Overcoming the current environmental problems by creating effective agricultural and solid waste disposal systems.
AGREED PRIORITIES
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StrengthsWeaknessesOpportunitiesThreatsPriorities
Resource Mobilization The presence of
special sources of income for the local administration
The local administration is efficient in collecting construction fees and taxes.
The local administration is constrained and runs the city under the supervision of the central government.
The budget is central and does not reflect the actual needs of the administration.
The presence of special funding for the projects from the country's general budget.
The presence of programmes (though weak) in the governorate to train technical workers.
The current development policy limits efficiency in funding projects.
There is no encouragement from the local administration for private projects that provide extra sources of income for the administration.
Encourage self-funded projects to develop the local income.
Encourage participation in making and discussing the budget.
Institutional Assessment (Performance and Abilities) There is a separate
division concerned with citizens’ complaints and the local people’s council supervises the complaint-related problem solving.
The presence of many supervision organizations reduces the ability of the local administration to take out its jobs.
There is no obvious local planning for budget distribution except through the central administration.
The comparison of the budget doesn’t take place and the difficulty of following the changes in needs of the local administration in the budget.
Encouraging participation in planning the budget
Poverty Alleviation and Improving Social Standards The NGOs are
working on decreasing poverty and taking care of poor families
There is a present mechanism that guarantees the representation of women through the national women council
The weakness of the representation of women in the people’s councils where there is one woman for every 28 member on the level of the neighborhoods.
The local government doesn’t participate with the local community in planning the budget.
There is no present policy for crime elimination
Reduce social poverty and increase the role of the local institutions in training.
Institutional set up – Local Authority’s Resources and Capacity Building The presence of
an obvious role for the NGOs in the field of training employees in several fields.
The presence of transparency in discussing projects but not in the supervision.
Employment in the local government takes place through competitions, which gives chance to hire capable personnel.
The weakness of the local credit institutions in generating credit for poor regions.
Applying participation between the executive government and the central administration and the private sector.
The weakness of the financial abilities of organizations and none participation in planning decisions.
Constructing a mechanism of cooperation between NGOs and the local administration in training.
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Location: Tanta / Tanta City CouncilPeriod of time: 12 monthsExecutive partners: Urban planning departments in the governorate – GOPP – UN-Habitat – Private sectorExpected cost: 50,000 US Dollars.Background: The absence of an urban administration which lead to informal settlements and in the increase in city volume.Goals: Constructing a mechanism for running the city administration.Activities: Precise urban survey for the city – renewal of survey maps - preparing GIS maps for different sectors.Required Labor: General coordinator – survey team – GIS officials.`
Governance
No. 3
Project proposal
Establishing a specialized division in dealing with donor organizations
Governance
No° 1
Project proposal
Constructing a data base using GIS for urban development and administration.
Location: Tanta city / City councilDuration: 6 months Beneficiaries: Local administration employeesExecutive partners: Governorate – Tanta city council – Ministry of local development – private sector – NGOs.Expected cost: 30,000 US Dollars.Background:Due to the weakness of the local administrating employees knowledge of participatory planning and problems in dealing with several sectors of people.Goals: Qualifying employees to deal with participation.Activities:Pointing out the divisions and employees to be trained – preparing training programs – preparing exercise programs for trainees.Required Labor: General coordinator – Specialized trainers.
Governance
No. 2
Project proposal
Programs for qualifying the local government employees for participation with NGOs and the private sector
Location: Tanta city / Gharbiah governoratePeriod of time: 3 monthsBeneficiaries: People of Al Gharbeyya Governorate.Executive partners: Governorate – Ministry of international cooperation – international organizations.Expected cost: 20,000 US Dollars.Background: The absence of an administration department to be responsible for cooperation with international development organizations and donors has deprived Tanta from getting access or exposed to those bodies and get their technical or financial support in development. Goals: establishing sustainable linkages with donors and international development organizations in Egypt Activities: Identifying employees required for this division – identifying goals – preparing a temporary headquarters equipped with communications – identifying roles according to goals.Required Labor: Manager – communications coordinator – trained employees in the field of international cooperation.
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Strengths WeaknessesOpportunitiesThreatsPriorities
REGULATORY FRAMWORK and INSTITUTIONAL SET-UP –Slum upgrading strategies
• The City has an updated master plan.
• The local authority supports slums upgrading by installing infrastructure
• Availability of socio-economic survey on slums
• No Detailed plan to implement the master plan.
• 15% of the city population are slum dwellers.
• There is no population statistics gathering since 1996, but the population is estimated by calculating the growth rate.
• There are obstacles in implementing the master plan due to the long period taken for approval process.
• Problems resulting from the differences between city limits and the urban boundary.
• Problems resulting from lack of desert hinterland and formal horizontal expansion
• Opportunity to encourage Tourism Investment in the city.
• Opportunities to encourage commercial and small scale business.
• Population statistics will be gathered by 2007
• Danger of the deterioration of slum areas specially those under ground level.
• Updated population statistics.
• Endorsement of Master plan.
• Updated data base for the slum areas.
SECURE TENURE
• High levels of secure tenure due to the non eviction policy.
• Slum dwellers are not keen to secure their tenure.
• Opportunity to secure tenure through decrees and laws for the poor.
• Although Slum dwellers feel high level of secure tenure but their illegal situation makes them afraid of the any change of policy.
• Secure tenure• Legalization of slum dwellers.
RESOURCE MOBILISATION – Economic Development
• Tanta has natural and cultural potentials which increases its chance in economic development.
• The local authority encourages slum development through providing them with basic urban services.
• NGOs are interested in slum dwellers affairs.
• The lack of sanitation in the city deteriorates its urban environment specially in the slum areas. (narrow roads and deterioration of health environment)
• There is no central or local funding to avoiding obstacles obstructing the execution of the master plan, e.g. compensating residents.
• Slum areas are on the historical city’s periphery threatening the city’s touristic future.
• The city suffers from informal scattered vendors and markets in the streets of the historic area, which leads to the accumulation of garbage.
• Weak city financial resources
• Opportunities for income generating and improving local economy (various unique activities).
• Opportunities for youth in the tourism field.
• The new residential city that is about to be built is a chance to provide homes for the youth and lower the population pressure on the city.
• Providing proper shelter.• Recourse mobilization.• Funding income generating projects
INSTITUTIONAL SETUP AND CAPACITY BUILDINGS AND TRAINING
• Local authority support upgrading efforts
• CBOs cooperate with local authorities in social improvement especially for urban poor in the city.
• No capacity building support received from bilateral and multilateral agencies in slum upgrading
• Opportunity to find a capacity building for slum participatory development
• Weak capabilities of personnel in the slum development programs.
• Improve capabilities in authorities dealing with slum areas.
• Mechanism for coordination.
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LOCATION: Inner city of Tanta DURATION: 30 months
BENEFICIARIES: specifically EL-Gannabia dwellers and traders and owners of workshops and Tanta dwellers in general.
IMPLEMENTED PARTNERS: The governorate, Ministry of Housing, GOPP, SFD, Private investors and donors.
ESTIMATED COST : to be determined
BACKGROUND: The Ganabia area is located in the heart of the city near the El-Badawy shrine. The total area is 78 feddans (2.6 percent of Tanta’s built-up urban area) and it accommodated 14,200 people in 1995, with an average residential density of 207 persons per feddan. Residential and commercial properties constitute 34 percent of the area while educational and health facilities are only 0.63 percent. The local authority owns 11 percent of Ganabia’s total land area. The area contains the main municipality garage, storage facilities, and stables (which could be converted for more practical usage). Awkaf owns 14 percent of the land here while private ownership reached 75 percent. The area contains 132 metal workshops, 10 sweets factories, 34 wood and furniture workshops, and 90 shoe and leather workshops. Along with other activities, there is a total of 288 commercial workshops and economic units. Generally, building stocks in the area have deteriorated and the overall infrastructure has collapsed.
OBJECTIVES: Rehabilitating the urban context Maintaining the economic importance of the area and basic activities with relocation of polluted uses Improving the infrastructure networks Utilizing the large plots of land owned by the governorate or central ministries for new uses that can recover the cost of upgrading activities
ACTIVITIES: (1) Conducting a status-quo survey and SWOT to reach the main problems and upgrading priorities by development stakeholders, (2) preparing action plan for upgrading (3) define the required finance and different roles of stakeholders according to the set time schedule (4) project implementation.
OUTPUTS: reduction of urban poverty and improving the living conditions within this deteriorated area
STAFF REQUIERED : NGOs, CBOs, experts in slum upgrading and participatory planning.
Proposed Project
Upgrading Tel El-Haddadeen Area
Slums
No.1
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Upgrading El-Gannabia AreaSlums
No. 2
LOCATION: Inner city of Tanta DURATION: 24 months
BENEFICIARIES: specifically Tel El-Haddadeen dwellers and traders and owners of workshops together with Tanta dwellers in general.
IMPLEMENTED PARTNERS: The governorate, Ministry of Housing, GOPP, SFD, Private investors and donors.
ESTIMATED COST : to be determined
BACKGROUND: The area is located in the heart of Tanta city south of El-Gannabia area. The size of the area is 26 feddans and accommodates 4,520 persons. The area contains 498 buildings out of which 152 with residential use (30.5% of total buildings) and includes 807 residential units. There are 70 shops representing 14% of total buildings’ number while industrial and vocational workshops are 117 (23.5%). Finally vocational residences are 54 buildings. The majority of buildings (70%) is in deteriorated condition. Almost all buildings are 3 floors height or less. The area is near El-Badawy shrine. The area suffers from deterioration of social and economic status and high crime rate which makes it difficult to be controlled by the police. The occupational rate is high and the area lacks urban services whether health care, educational or administrative ones. Awkaf owns 3.5 feddans while the governorate owns 4.6 feddans. There are 14 feddans owned by individuals.
OBJECTIVES: Utilizing land owned by the State in newly feasible uses such as commercial and residential uses Relocation of polluted vocations and workshops outside the area Maintaining the economic importance of the area and basic activities Improving the infrastructure networks Solving the traffic congestion within the area
ACTIVITIES: (1) Conducting a status-quo survey and SWOT to reach the main problems and upgrading priorities by development stakeholders, (2) preparing action plan for upgrading (3) define the required finance and different roles of stakeholders according to the set time schedule (4) project implementation.
OUTPUTS: reduction of urban poverty and improving the living conditions within this deteriorated area
STAFF REQUIERED : NGOs, CBOs, experts in slum upgrading and participatory planning.
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Strengths WeaknessesOpportunitiesThreatsPriority Issues
REGULATORY FRAMWORK and ACCOUNTABILITY
• Local and central policies show due care to quell violence against woman.
• There is a gender classification to the data about AIDS.
• decrease in the number AIDS patients .
• Edification programs about quelling violence against woman are diversified through the societies, social affairs administration
• There are bureaus for social guidance and the family court that work as a quick mechanism to settle conflicts between families.
• Issues of gender are not included in the policies of development of the city.
• Some constructional policies affect woman labor (traders).
• Many obstacles hinder the progress of woman like customs and traditions plus the unsupported efforts for this.
• Low sensitivity towards the issues of gender among the local administration and popular councils
• Low representation for women in local popular councils
• There is an overlap of specifications between Family Court and Bureaus of Investigation besides absence of mechanism to accomplish the tasks
• Restricting the policy of quelling violence against women in the edification programs.
• No circulation or issuing to data about crimes committed in the city.
• Difficulty in treating the phenomena of domestic violence and female circumcision due to customs and traditions
• Central support for the issues of gender through raising domestic and central units for gender
• Opportunities to quell violence against women by including it among the international targets and the endeavor of the state to accomplish them
• Disregard to the issues related to woman, deterioration in living conditions due to the low participation and representation in taking decisions and devising the policies on the part of women.
• The threat of the increase in violence rates through the cultural imperialism and the cultural changes in society
• Including the issues of gender in the plans for development
INSTITUTIONAL SET-UP AND EMPOWERMENT
• There is attention for the consolidation of woman, through providing kindergartens and child care houses
• Attention to the women as family providers projects and facilitating the application for loans to generate income.
• High representation for women in organizational skeletons
• Increase in the female numbers voting in last elections
• A diversity in foundations and societies that propagandize for woman
• Weak representation for women in popular councils, therefore there is no participation from her part in devising resolutions
• There is no confidence in woman’s ability to participate and represent in popular councils.
• No statistics showing the families where women are their providers
• Absence of coordination between pro-empowerment efforts
• More opportunities to consolidate woman through international backing in this field
• Opportunities to increase societies and efforts in the issues of gender
• Threats from the weak representation of women in resolution making due to the absence for a legislation determines minimum rate of seats in popular councils
• Threats from ignoring the issues of woman
• Supporting the sources of income for the poor woman
• A guarantee for representation in popular councils and leading ranks
• Providing and supporting the convenient facilities
BUILDING CAPACITY AND TRAINING
• About 80% of social service projects are oriented to women
• The non-governmental organizations co-operate with the administration of social solidarity and the branch of the national council for women to provide training and the technical and financial support for woman in the fields of small
• Weak benefit from loans financed by the social fund for small projects
• Weak capacity in the governmental organizations for the means of communication and obtaining donations
• Absence of updated segregated data
• The spread of income generation projects as a result of the current successful projects and the high rate of paying up
• Threats from losing resources and the stumbling of projects as a result of urban policies that care not for the manpower in non-official jobs especially those of women
• Raising sensitivity towards the issues of gender to the local administrations
• Raising building capacity for societies working in the field of woman
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GENDER HIV/AIDS
N° 2
Project proposal
Establishment of closed markets for gathering informal vendors (informal labor of women)
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Center for educating and training handicaps
LOCATION: Tanta CityDURATION: 12 months
BENEFICIARIES: Handicaps dwelling in Tanta of their families
IMPLEMENTED PARTNERS:The National Council for Women, related NGOs, and the Directorate of Social
Solidarity
ESTIMATED COST : US$ 180 000
BACKGROUND: Tanta city does not have a clear vision for supporting handicapped persons. Efforts toward
helping these people are ad hoc and not sustained. Inadequate budgets and multiple needs hinder the city
council in addressing this issue.
OBJECTIVES: To establish a unit that coordinates and sustains handicapped persons, mainstreaming activities
such as educating and training; in addition, it will market products made by the handicapped.
ACTIVITIES: (1) Facilitate establishment of a fully resourced Handicaps Unit within the Tanta City Council, (2) undertake city wide needs assessments for specifying
productions (3)Develop training tools (4) establishing classes and workshops, (5) providing places for storages
and exhibitions,
OUTPUTS: Economic upgrading for Handicaps and their families, reduction of poverty
STAFF REQUIERED: Coordinator, trainers, teachers, and secondary staff.
GENDER HIV/AIDS
N° 3
Project proposal
Completing the establishment of fivers hospital at AlMenshawy
LOCATION: Tanta City DURATION: 6 months
BENEFICIARIES: Dwellers of Tanta and the informal labor force of the city
IMPLEMENTED PARTNERS: City Council of \, related NGOs, Directorate of Social Solidarity, Directorate of Planning, local Funds. private partnerships
ESTIMATED COST : US$ 50 000
BACKGROUND: the city witnessed an economic trough due to the closure of several great factories after
privatizing them, removing the regional cattle market outside the city, constructing a bridge that crosses the city,
all these led to the slump of activities and marketability. This slump affected the living circumstances to the
families
OBJECTIVES: Establishment of closed markets for gathering informal vendors addition, it provides
marketing and ensure families life.
ACTIVITIES: (1) Identifying a place suitable for establishing the market within the Tanta City jurisdiction. (2) Undertaking a city consultation to allow participation
in customizing and implementing the project. (3) Providing storage space and services.
OUTPUTS: Economic upgrading for families, reduction of poverty, more accurate data about labor force and
improving
STAFF REQUIERED: Coordinator, facilitator, vendors, and secondary staff.
LOCATION: Tanta CityDURATION: 12 months
BENEFICIARIES: Tanta dwellers
IMPLEMENTED PARTNERS: related NGOs, Directorate of Population and Health
ESTIMATED COST : US$ 250 000
BACKGROUND: Although Tanta city is the lowest in child and mother mortality, efforts towards realizing better healthy life for dwellers are insufficient and not
systematically planned and sustained. Inadequate budgets, and the complexity of the matter hinder the City to
provide suitable needs for ill people.
OBJECTIVES: To accomplish the planned hospital specialized in fever that has been unaccomplished due to
budget.
ACTIVITIES: (1) Facilitate the establishment of a fully equipped hospital under the authority of the Tanta City
Council. (2) Establish an information unit to record cases and serve the main information centre of the city. (3)
Develop training tools. (4) Establish treatment units and care chambers. (5) Provide places for storage and
equipment.
OUTPUTS: Provide needs in health care
STAFF REQUIERED: Coordinator, facilitator, doctors nurses , and secondary staff.
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Strengths WeaknessesOpportunitiesThreatsPriorities
REGULATORY and INSTITUTIONAL FRAMWORK
Governorate concern for environmental issues, particularly, solid waste problem.
Coordination between Tanta EMU and different actors such as: police, agriculture, irrigation, industrial safety.
Governorate Cooperation with consultancy centers in Tanta and Menoufia Universities.
Promoting workshops for public partnerships between city council and community associations to perform environmental projects.
The existence of a number of community associations working in the field of environment improvement.
Tanta EMU suffers from the lack of essential instruments and measurement equipments in addition to police deficiency to support its work.
Non-compliance of big establishments’ owners with environmental conditions.
Ineffectiveness of institutional and administrative capabilities of community associations. They are in need to build their capacities specially in dealing with donor agencies.
Bureaucratic procedures are main obstacle facing community associations to perform local partners.
The availability of financial resources from the center to support environmental projects.
UN-Habitat and World Bank project is considered an opportunity for development.
Slowdown of court procedures in finalizing environmental cases.
Lack of a unified & generalized format for environmental citations at country level in order to make the procedures much faster.
Lack of measurement equipments results in reducing the rate of monitoring and inspection activities.
Develop institutional setup of Tanta environmental management unit (EMU).
Support local community associations’ capacities to be able to work in the environmental field.
Mitigate bureaucratic procedures and support partnership establishment.
RESOURCE MOBILIZATION - FINANCE
The availability of financial resources from the state budget, local development and EEAA for environmental improvement projects.
Some of community associations working in the environmental field receive donations from foreign agencies.
Business men contribute to environmental projects.
EEAA provides EMU with some instruments & equipments, although they are not enough.
EMU doesn’t obtain any financial resources because it’s mainly a coordinating unit.
There is no budget allocated for environmental awareness.
Lack of finance is a big obstacle facing the implementation of local community associations’ activities in the field of environment.
World Bank concern about Tanta as one of the priority cities for development.
Collected revenues from environmental fines go directly to the environment preservation fund in Cairo.
Lack of financial resources allocated for EMU results in lack of equipments, thus reducing the rate of inspection activities.
Tanta EMU obtain a percentage of collected revenues from environmental fines.
Support Tanta EMU financially and provide it with essential equipments.
PERFORMANCE – REDUCING POLLUTION
Governorate inclusion of environmental issues in development plans.
EMU officials coordinate & cooperate with consultancy centers in Tanta and Menoufia Universities.
Achieving a number of partnerships with different actors for environmental improvement projects.
Community associations cooperate with social affairs to solve the problems in areas which are uncovered by local authorities.
Accumulation of waste in the streets results in diseases & health problems via insects.
Non-compliance of private sector with environmental conditions specially if they are costly.
Scarcity of training courses specialized in environmental management.
Lack of residents’ environmental awareness, besides lack of awareness programs.
High productivity of rice (16 thousands feddans), each of them producing 2 tons rice straw. Rice straw is burned resulting in high rates of air pollution.
Production of more than 5 tons/day medical waste with 2 incinerators out of 6 are not working.
An area of 100 feddans in Sadat city was allocated by Ministry of Housing in cooperation with Gharbia Governorate to establish a new SW landfill.
The availability of a piece of land since 25 years, located in Shabsheer El-Hessa and its area is 36 feddan. The land can be used as a landfill or to build the rice straw recycling plant. Community associations showed interest in funding such project.
The far distance of the allocated area for landfill in Sadat city (about 60-70 km), could lead in the future to people denial due to the high cost of transportation.
Continuation of sewage disposal in water streams will increase water contamination in the future & thus increase the rate of diseases’ spread.
Continuation of interpenetration of residential & industrial areas will lead to high rates of noise and air pollution.
Dependence of half of Tanta city on wells for drinking water. It’s expected that the wells dry in a period of 3 years or empoison due to high percentage of Manganese.
Implement raising awareness programs for inhabitants.
Developing training programs for Tanta EMU officials to raise their performance.
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ENVIRONMENT
NO. 2
Project proposal
Develop an integrated system for solid waste with focus on recycling activities, specifically, agriculture waste.
ENVIRONMENT
NO. 1
Project proposal
Transfering workshops from inside Tanta city to Al-Egeezy area (about 20 feddans).
LOCATION: Tanta CityDURATION: 20 months
BENEFICIARIES: Inhabitants of Tanta city
IMPLEMENTATION PARTNERS: Related directorates in Gharbia Governorate, Tanta Cleansing &
Beautification Authority (TCBA), Environmental department within TCBA, Businessmen, Donor agencies,
UN-Habitat and World Bank.
ESTIMATED COST: US$ 250 000
BACKGROUND: Tanta city suffers from solid waste accumulation, although Gharbia Governorate developed many activities to improve solid waste services and this
sector could be considered a best practice. However, some coordination is still needed to achieve an integrated solid
waste management system.
OBJECTIVES: • To establish an integrated solid waste management
system. • To raise cleansing level in Tanta city and minimize
pollution and diseases.
ACTIVITIES: (1) Support the role of Tanta cleansing & beautification authority through developing its
institutional setup. Establishment of a coordinating department within the cleansing authority to be
responsible for coordinating all solid waste management activities. (2) Establish subsidiary departments within the
cleaning authority, each of them will be responsible for one aspect of the integrated system. Such as financial,
institutional, technical aspect besides awareness aspect. (3) Estimate the number of required qualified staff, and required budget for training them properly and for their
salaries. (4) Estimate the cost of required equipments. (5) Estimate and gather different partners contributions. (6) Purchase required equipments. (7) Focus on agricultural
waste recycling due to high production of Tanta city, especially rice straw. Purchase 200 compactors to compact
rice straw.
OUTPUTS: An effective & integrated solid waste system, Solid waste problem to be solved, Decrease of
diseases, Residents environmental awareness to be raised.
STAFF REQUIERED: A specialized expert to prepare the new institutional set up of the cleansing authority,
Coordinator/facilitator of cleansing authority activities after development, Administrative, technical staff.
LOCATION: Tanta City/ Al-Egeezy areaDURATION: 18 months
BENEFICIARIES: Inhabitants of Tanta city, small workshops’ owners.
IMPLEMENTATION PARTNERS: Planning department in Gharbia Governorate, Businessmen, Relevant Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), Social Fund for Development, Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA), Habitat and World Bank (WB).
ESTIMATED COST: US$ 200 000
BACKGROUND: Tanta city suffers from the spread of small workshops which interpenetrate with residential activities, resulting in air pollution and noise. The proposed project is a civilized vision for the city.
OBJECTIVES: • To minimize air pollution and noise rates in Tanta
city in order to reach standards.• To gather small workshops in a well planned area far
from residential areas.• Reuse of empty sites of small workshops after
moving them for urban development.
ACTIVITIES: (1) Identify the number of small workshops which need to be transferred and their areas, in order to estimate required new areas. (2) Prepare a detailed plan for the project site (El-Egeezy area). (3) Estimate the cost and gather different partners contributions. (4) Implementation of project. (5) Assignation of new workshops for the owners of old workshops and finalize the issue of licenses. (6) Reuse of empty sites inside the city in relation to city development plan.
OUTPUTS: Decrease air pollution and noise inside Tanta city, Develop building aesthetics, Provide land for development inside Tanta city.
STAFF REQUIERED: Detailed plan to be prepared by engineering or planning department in the governorate/ or a private planning firm, Key coordinator/facilitator of project activities, Supporting administrative staff, Contractor for implementation, Support, technical and secondary staff.
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Strengths WeaknessesOpportunitiesThreatsPriorities Provision of Basic Urban Services Provision of Basic Urban Services
Water Recent improvements in water,
sewage, and solid waste management services.
Installing a manganese treatment unit for well water.
Sewerage Expansion of treatment plants. Expansion of sloped networks for
villages attached to the city’s built-up area and slums.
The pump station is suitable for the current needs and consumption.
Solid Waste Private companies are responsible
for solid waste collection in the whole city, including slums.
New landfill is under construction in Sadat city, with a recycling factory that has a capacity of 320 tons per day.
Roads andTransportation There is a variety of transportation
within the city, run by both public and private sectors.
Water• Water is polluted in Qased canal. • Weak water pressure and quantity
in summer, especially in District1.
• Network lines are old.• High level of manganese in
underground water. • Network valves are not working
efficiently.Sewerage• Several areas within the city lack
the service (10 percent of all slums).
• There is no industrial waste network and factories dump their waste in the regular sewage network.
• Septic tanks or trenches empty into water drains and the Qased canal, which pollutes the city’s water source.
• The serviced areas suffer from overflow.
Solid Waste• Affiliated villages burn their
waste.• Waste disposal systems are
uncontrolled and insufficient.• The hazardous waste disposal
system is not secure and its capacity is weak.
Roads and Transportation • Dangerous crossroads and
intersections.• There is traffic congestion. • Railway lines divide the city into
three parts.• The main railway station in the
heart of the city causes congestion.
Using Tanta Canal as main source for water since it is not polluted
Weak water pressure hampers any possible expansion of agricultural or industrial activities and weaken the local economy
Dumping sewage and solid waste on Qased canal causes sever pollution for the current main source for water supply
Improving water quality
Extending sewage service and improve its quality
Establish an integrated system for solid waste
Reducing the traffic densities and solving dangerous intersections of roads
Resources Mobilization Resources Mobilization National investment plan. Presence of some donation and grants Construction of internal roads by self-initiatives. User charge for solid waste collection
No donors support. The governmental finance is not enough .
Donors’ interest in finance and technical support
Establish public private partnership to fulfill the needs
Institutional Support Institutional Support CBOs work in cooperation with
local government to provide the services to poor areas.
Water Supply Limited maintenance or renewal
of main entwork’s components Solid Waste Weak collection system by the
local authority Weak capability to levy the user
charge for the service.
CBOS are willing to provide land for sewage plant and equipment for solid waste collection
Availability of data by urban observatory and new census
Legislation for user charges
Improving the planning and monitoring capacity of local authorities responsible for such services
Training and Capacity BuildingTraining and Capacity Building The General Organization for
Water Supply and Sanitation conducts training courses for local staff
Few training programs for decision makers, technicians
Lack of equipment and logistics
Loss of State resources due to lack of maintenance and monitoring capacities
Capacity building for human resources and equipment
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PROJECT PROPOSALSPROJECT PROPOSALS
BUS
No.1
Proposed Project
New water treatment or filtering plant on Tanta water canal with capacity of 180 liter/second
BUS
No.2
Proposed Project
Engineering solution for intersections and cross roads
BUS
No.3
Proposed Project
Solving traffic problem under Tanta Bridge
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LOCATION: Tanta City, exact location to be determined.
DURATION: one year
BENEFICIARIES: Tanta and affiliated villages dwellers.
IMPLEMENTATION PARTNERS: General Organization for Water Supply and Sanitation and
Gharbiah Governorate
ESTIMATED COST: To be determined
BACKGROUND: The current quantity of available drinking water is below the average national consumption
level and would not meet the expected increase in future demand. Meanwhile, depending on underground water as the main source of water is decreasing and surface water
should instead be relied on
OBJECTIVES: • To provide the city with required quantity and quality of
drinking water to meet the current demand
ACTIVITIES: (1) Identify the proper site for the project by the planning department in the governorate. (2) Prepare
a detailed plan for the project site. (3) Estimate the cost. (4) Provide the required equipment and construct the plant.
OUTPUTS: improving the living conditions and health for city dwellers.
STAFF REQUIERED: manager of the project, engineers and technical staff, administrative and support
staff.
LOCATION: Tanta CityDURATION: one year
BENEFICIARIES: Tanta and affiliated villages dwellers.
IMPLEMENTATION PARTNERS: the Governorate and Ministry of Transportation
ESTIMATED COST: To be determined
BACKGROUND: The city has dangerous intersections where the main roads intersects with the railway lines. In
addition, there is excessive traffic congestion in the city, a result of the central railway station
OBJECTIVES: • To improve traffic flow inside and outside the city
•To secure dwellers’ life and protect them from accidents
ACTIVITIES: Constructing some tunnels and changing the direction of traffic on several roads.
OUTPUTS: improving the living conditions for dwellers and improving traffic management and
flow.
STAFF REQUIERED: project manager of the project, engineers and technical staff, administrative and support
staff.
LOCATION: Tanta City under Tanta bridgeDURATION: 3 months
BENEFICIARIES: Tanta and affiliated villages dwellers.
IMPLEMENTATION PARTNERS: the Governorate and Ministry of Transportation
ESTIMATED COST: USD 50,000
BACKGROUND: The city has dangerous intersections and crossroads due to heavy traffic – particularly trucks
and buses that carry visitors to and from the city. The area under the bridge, being the entry point to the city for travelers, is extremely congested and requires urgent
intervention
OBJECTIVES: • To secure the flow of travelers to and from the city under
Tanta bridge
ACTIVITIES: (1) Re-planning the whole project area (2) establishing the required engineering solutions.
OUTPUTS: decreasing the traffic congestion and accidents in this spot and increase city connectivity
with neighboring regions.
STAFF REQUIERED: project manager of the project, engineers and technical staff, administrative and support
staff.
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StrengthsWeaknessesOpportunitiesThreats
Local economy Dynamics & Issues of the local economy development Agricultural land with high
fertility Availability of large parcel of
lands within the city that could be utilized
Presence of tourist infrastructure and hotels
Presence of largest railway station after Cairo and Alexandria
Presence of several museums The central location of the city
in Delta region Commercial and economic
heart of Delta and strong connection with neighboring cities
Lack of industrial zone . Informal markets that leads to
poor quality control and increase in prices of goods
Lack of overall investment plan for the city
Few job opportunities and high unemployment rate
No guarantees to get access to credit and loans by urban poor
Customs and habits that limit the active involvement of women in labor market
Non-compliance of existing skills and graduates with labor market needs
• Acquiring a new desert hinterland for the Governorate to direct local private investment to it
• Establishing an industrial zone would improve the local economy
• Improving training center
• Establishing sewing and fashion school would offer large job opportunities for women.
• Define a location for weekly market would provide good marketing opportunity for local goods.
• Given the lack of expansion and lack of land for industrial activities, take advantage of commercial opportunities due to unique location in the Delta region.
Problems with tenants of Awakaf lands if the land is to be redeveloped.
Institutional Setup • The local authority
coordinates between young graduates and different vocational training centers. In addition, it tries to coordinate with different lending bodies to acquire soft-loans or credits for those young graduates,
• The authority tries to simplify the procedures of issuing working permits or licenses together by encouraging infrastructure installment for newly established projects.
• The higher committee for investment in the governorate deals with all partners in development in order to promote the development of local economy.
• Little achievement has occurred in acquiring credit or loans for young graduates.
• No investment map that shows the potential investment areas.
• No efficient guarantees for the poor to get access to credits or loans. Obstacles face the poor on getting jobs such as illiteracy, dropping out from schools
• No appropriated qualifications to the labor market, further to the prevailed traditions and conventions of the society affect the women's ability to work
• Negotiation with Awkaf and tenants of land to utilize the land for economically feasible uses
• Utilization of Shebsheir land in establishing projects that serve the city and Mahla Kobra as well
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LED
No.1
Proposed Project
Establishing a Central Parking for Regional Trucks and Vehicles
PROJECT PROPOSALSPROJECT PROPOSALS
LED
No.2
Proposed Project
Establishing New and Well Developed Markets in Tanta
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LOCATION: A site in Tanta City to be determined by the planning department.
DURATION: 3 years
BENEFICIARIES: Tanta dwellers and visitors.
IMPLEMENTATION PARTNERS: Gharbia Governorate, Businessmen, Habitat and World Bank
(WB).
ESTIMATED COST: US$ 1.3 million
BACKGROUND: Tanta represents the commercial regional hub for all governorates surrounding it. In
addition the city is a religious destination for large number of people allover the year. Those visitors are main source
of incomes for Tanta dwellers as they contribute directly to commercial and economic flourishing through buying the
local goods. However such visitors lack the existence of one regional parking place which could save time and
effort to move from one place to another within the city.
OBJECTIVES: • To minimize traffic congestion within the city
• To attract more visitors • To contribute to the refreshment of city economy
ACTIVITIES: (1) Identify the number of transfer flow and available parking places to be transferred and their areas. (2) Identify the proper site for the project by the planning department in the governorate. (3) Prepare a
detailed plan for the project site. (4) Estimate the cost and gather different partners contributions. (5) Provide the site
with infrastructure and implementation of project.
OUTPUTS: Promoting more flow of people and trucks to and from the city which would contribute to city economic refreshment and increasing the selling
of local goods and products.
STAFF REQUIERED: Key coordinator/manager of new parking place, 30 Supporting administrative and
financial staff, and , 20 security men .
LOCATION: A site in Tanta City to be determined by the planning department.
DURATION: 3 years
BENEFICIARIES: Tanta dwellers and small traders.
IMPLEMENTATION PARTNERS: Gharbia Governorate, Businessmen, Banks, Habitat and World Bank (WB).
ESTIMATED COST: US$ 1.0 million to establish and furnish one market (required 5 markets)
BACKGROUND: The current markets in Tanta are informal markets which represents several problems for the farmers or sellers who are not able in most of the time to enter such markets to sell their products and goods such as cheese, egg, vegetables due to police persecution. This has led to increase in the prices of these products. The majority of vacant land within the city are owned by Awkaf authority which lacks an efficient vision on how to utilize such asset.
OBJECTIVES: • To improve the city image and improve its overall environment• To control quality and prices of goods and products • To offer formal channel for farmers and small traders to market their goods.
ACTIVITIES: (1) Identify the number of informal markets in the city and their capacities in terms of numbers of traders and visitors. (2) Identify the proper site for the markets by the planning department in the governorate. (3) Prepare a detailed plan for the project site (s). (4) Estimate the cost and gather different partners contributions. (5) Provide the site with infrastructure and implementation of project.
OUTPUTS: Reducing the prices of goods and products, quality control and ensuring the health requirement and standards.
STAFF REQUIERED: Key manager of each market, 2 assistants, 10 Supporting administrative and financial staff, and , 10 security men for each market.
TANTA CITY CONSULTATION - 30 APRIL 2006
ATTENDANCE LIST
Mr. Mohamed Kamal Anwar manager of investment office in Gharbia governorate
Mrs. engineer/ Kamilia Ahmed Amer planning department
Mr. engineer. Saeed Mahmoud Saeed planning department
Mr. engineer. Halim Ibrahim Atteia planning department
Mr. engineer. Mohamed Hussein Hamed engineer department manager of 2nd district of Tanta city
Mr. engineer .Ibrahim Hammad engineer department manager of 1ST district of Tanta
cityMr. engineer/ Ahmed Gaber Sawaf
manager of Land Protection Department of Gharbia
CONTACTS:
Alioune Badiane, Chief, Regional Office for Africa and the Arab States, e-mail: [email protected] El Sioufi, Senior Human Settlements Officer, RUSPS coordinator, e-mail: [email protected] El-Faramawy, Program Manager, UN-HABITAT National Office, Egypt, e-mail: [email protected]: [email protected]
EGYPT RUSPS TEAM
Hassanien Abouzeid, Abdelwahab Helmy, Moustafa Madbouly, Ghada Farouk Hassan, Heba Aboul Fadl, Mohab El Refaie, Doaa el Sherif, Alia El Mahdi, Anwar El Nakeeb and Mohamed Eid
Mr engineer / Alshafaay Abd Alhay Aldakrory Governor of Gharbia
Mr / Nabil M. Mansi President of local public council of gharbia
General / Mohamed Abd Elraham Naga General sub- secretary
Mr. hassan m. salama under secretary ,General secretary
Mr. Ahmed M..Awad allah Head of tanta city
General/ Ali Abdllah Kased Head of 2nd district of Tanta city
Mr. Ali Hussein Ali Alselmi Head of 1st district of Tanta city
Mr. Engineer/ Samir Abd Elraouf Sharshar under secretary of agriculture ministry in Gharbia
Mr. Engineer/. Mohamed saad gawishunder secretary of housing and utilities ministry in Gharbia
Mr. Engineer/ Alsaid abd alhamid alsaid under secretary of road and transportation
ministry in GharbiaLieutenant/ saeed teama
manager of transport department
Mr. Engineer/ AL-Said Sedik Alseteha
Chair person of water and sewage company in Gharbia
Dr..Mohamed M. Gamal Aldin General manager of dental sector ,representative
of health ministry
Mr. engineer/ Mohmoud Abd Elrahman Albarbary General manager of technical projects in power
sector of Algharbia governorateMr. Engineer/abd Alrashid Abo Alfotouh
Engineering department of Tanta city
Mr. Engineer/ Farouk Abd Alfatah Almenshawey general manager planning department
Mr. Abd Algawad Abd Elmaenam Alkholi
Representative of power ministry
Mr. Engineer/ Rashad Abo Zeed Esmail Representative of Alawqaf ministry
Name and Position