tarbeela security report

8/11/2019 Tarbeela Security Report

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This report is an assessment of security situation around the general area comprising

the Project Location of the project TARBELA 4TH

EXTENSION (T4HP) PROJECT

(TARBELA-GHAZI &TOPI)

.This report has been commissioned for M/s Harbin Electric International Co. Ltd.

Lahore Office Address: 167 Sarwar Colony, Sarwar Road, Lahore Cantt. Pakistan and

prepared by M/s Talons Security Services (Pvt.) Ltd.

This report is based on confidential information collected from various government and

independent sources and is only intended to be viewed, reviewed and discussed by

authorized officers of M/s Harbin Electric International Co. Ltd. or any other person duly

authorized for this purpose by M/s Harbin Electric International Co. Ltd. .

M/s Talons Security services (Pvt.) Ltd holds the sole copyright for this report and

information contained therein. Any portion of this report may be produced as reference,

re-produced or re-published by giving credit to M/s Talons Security Services (Pvt.) Ltd.

This report is to be treated as restrictedand confidential.


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COMPANY LICENSE


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part 1

Contents:

1.1 Introduction to the Project

1.2 Extensive Survey of the Area

1.3 Assessment

1.4 Recommendations

Part 2

General Assessment

2.1 Location of the Project

2.2 Access Routes to Project Site

2.3 Topography and Demographics

2.4 Social and Environmental Impact of the Project

2.5 Livelihood & Economic Conditions

2.6 Governance Level & Government Structures

2.7 Education & Healthcare Facilities


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Part 3

Security Evaluation

3.1 History & Background of Militant Tendencies

3.2 General Crime Situations

3.3 Security Environment at Project & Office Sites

3.4 Current Security Trends & Environment

3.5 Terrorist Activities in the Area

3.6 Presence of Security Forces

3.7 Implications for M/s Harbin Electric International Co. Ltd Corporation

Part 4

Annexures

4.1 General Maps Project Area

4.2 Technical Drawings/Maps of T4HP Project

4.3 Statistical Tables


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PART 1

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY


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1.1 Introduction to the Project

Government of Punjab is planning to undertake the rehabilitation of Punjab Barrages

and improvement and modernization of the irrigation and water management

system in the Punjab Province which involve the rehabilitation and up-gradation of

the Sulemanki Barrage. Governemnt of Punjab is looking for ADB fund for ulemanki

Barrage Rehabilitation & Upgradation work. The Environmental & Social Impact

Assessment study of the proposed project has been carried out in compliance

with Pakistan statutary requirement and Asian Bank Environment Policy.

Suleimanki Barrage was constructed on Sutlej River during 1924 - 1926 under the

Sutlej Valley Project (SVP). The barrage was designed for 325,000 cusecsdischarge. The barrage is located about 20km (12miles) from Haveli Lakha Town,

Tahsil Depalpur, District Okara. The barrage is about 150km (94miles) from

Lahore, the capital of Punjab Province and about 450km (281miles) from

Islamabad, the federal capital. It is situated on Sutlej River 112km (70miles)

downstream of Ferozpur Barrage and 184km (115miles) upstream of Islam Barrage.

Three irrigation canals Pakpattan, Fordwah and Eastern Sadiqia Canals are fed from

this barrage. The total canal command area of all the three canals is 2.5 million

acres, which is 9.25% of the total irrigated area of Punjab (27 million acres). The

total canals command area spread over the six districts of Punjab

Province Bahawalpour, Bahawalnagur, Okara, Pakpattan, Vehari and Lodhran.

Thus this barrage has considerable contributions in the agricultural production of

Punjab.

In 1960, under the agreement of Indus Water Treaty, India was given the rights of

three eastern rivers water of Ravi, Sutlej and Beas. Consequently upon the

construction of dams and barrages on river Sutlej and Beas; the discharge in Sutlej

was reduced significantly. Ferozepur Barrage on Sutlej River lies in India just before

the river enters Pakistan.


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India diverts almost all the river water from this barrage to its own irrigation system

and the river reach at Suleimanki in Pakistan is perpetually bone dry for about 10

months of the year. In order to feed the three canals that off-take from Suleimanki

Barrage inter river link canal Baloki-Suleimanki Link (B.S Link) was constructed

with an initial discharge capacity of 15,800 cusecs for delivery into Sutlej River

upstream of Suleimanki Barrage. The BS Link was later remodeled a few times to

the current discharge capacity of 25000 cusecs.

Ever since its construction, the structure of Suleimanki Barrage has suffered heavily

from flooding during the monsoon periods. The barrage is about 84 years old now

and aging process together with inadequate/deferred maintenance has also

contributed towards general deterioration of the different components of the

Barrage. Irrigation & Power Department (IPD) engaged National Development

Consultants (NDC) in June 1998 for the safety evaluation of Suleimanki Barrage.

The study recommended that rehabilitation of the barrage be undertaken to

ensure safe operation of the barrage. Based on these recommendations, a

Feasibility Study for Rehabilitation & Modernization of the barrage was conducted

and prepared in May 2005. This study is carried out on the basis of the up-dating of

feasibility and detail design of the project. The report updating the previous EIA

report and also address the additional impacts identified during the up-dating

feasibility and detail design of Sulemanki Barrage R&U.

In 2009 with the funding from Asian Development Bank (ADB), the IPD initiated a

project Punjab Irrigated Agriculture Investment Program (PIAIP). The consultancyof the project was awarded to a joint venture of NESPAK, AAB and DMC. One

component of PIAIP is updating of the Feasibility Study and detailed design for the

Rehabilitation and Up-gradation of Suleimanki Barrage.


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1.2 Extensive Survey of Assessment Area

Talons Security has been assigned the task of evaluating the overall security situation,both existing and in near term, of the general area comprising the SULEIMANKI BARRAGE

and to give its independent assessment and recommendations regarding the same.

For this purpose, a senior management team of TALONS Security, including its CEO,

undertook the physical survey of the assessment area personally. Despite being a

closed and restricted area, the TALONS team was successful in conducting a detailed

survey of the SULEIMANKI BARRAGEfacilities and the general area around the project site

both on the Right Bank and the Left Bank by using its personal contacts with areapeople, government officials and law enforcement officials.

The barrage pond area provides the habitat of water fowl and many migrating birds visit

the site during winter, while the left guide bank is a habitat of mammals including blue

bull, hog dear and local birds e.g. peacock and partridge. Fish ladders are provided

along both the divide walls at Suleimanki Barrage. Both the fish ladders are in working

condition. However there is significant amount of vegetation and silt deposit found at the

upstream end of the fish ladders, which obstructs the fish movement and need to be

removed.

The studies of structural and mechanical components of the Barrage have envisaged

some structural and hydrological problem together with mechanical defects. If not

corrected, the consequances could be devestrated with the consequent risk of the

faliur of the whole system. Such a faliur could have catastrophic effect on the

economy of the farming community in the command area, result in changes of

morphology of the Sutlej River resulting into inundation and significant erosion of

agriculture land.

The scope of work will include but not be limited to repair the barrage structure includingbarrage floor as well as floor extension, enhancing the barrage discharge

capacity, replacement of road bridge deck across the barrage, repair/replacement of

regulation gates gearing and hoisting devices, modernization of barrage structure,

installation of new vibrating wire piezometers and physical removal of the shoals (bela)

in the pond area, which is masking the left half of the barrage.


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In order to improve the barrage resistance against the uncontrolled breaches, the

embankments will be strengthened leaving adequate free board against 100 year flood.

The bela upstream of the pond area will be partially trimmed to restore the approach

conditions and the capacity of the barrage pond. Upstream and downstream floor of thebarrage will be inspected and necessary repair works will be carried out. In addition, the

substrata and voids underneath the floors will be grouted under pressure. Existing

Public Park along the downstream right guide bank will be further developed under

this project.

It is also concluded that the barrage capacity is approximately 100,000 cusecs less than

the 100 year return period flood. Two options have been considered to handle the 100

year flood at Suleimanki Barrage;

Option 1: Addition of six (6) new bays along the right flank of the barrage to increase

the barrage discharge capacity.

Option 2: Provision of a spill channel with a spillway and fuse plug guarded spill weir

at RMB, a road bridge across the spill channel for Haveli Lakha-

Sulemanki Road, level crossing at Pakpattant Canal.

Neither of these options has any significant or permanent adverse environmental impact

and both options qualify for execution from the environmental point of view. However,

option 1 was rejected on technical basis and option 2 has been recommended in

the updating feasibility study for detailed design and implementation.

The project construction acitivities will be completed in three years in such a way that

the river flows will not intrupted in the construction phase. The canal gate repair work

will be undertaken during annual 3 weeks canal closure period. Alternative

arrangement will be provided at Pakpattan Canal during the construction of spillway to


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maintain the canal supply. Therefore no extended canal closure will require for the

project.

1.3 Assessment

After undertaking extensive physical survey of the area, conducting interviews with area

notables & common people, local government & law enforcement officials and studying

other secondary reference material available on the assessment area with the

government and other agencies, the TALONS team has come to the general conclusion

that it is concluded that the project is environmentally friendly, financially viable,

economically sustainable, genderally neutral and pro-poverty alleviation.

Survey was conducted with the objectives to assess prevailing socioeconomic

conditions of the related communities and to predict the effects of the proposed different

alternatives of rehabilitation works. Simple Random Sampling Technique was used to

draw representative sample. The average household size is 6.3 and the sex ratio

(female: male) is 100:107. There are 5 Primary, 2 Middle and 1 High School for boys, 4

Primary, 1 Middle School and 1 High School for girls found in the area. The average

literacy level of the area is 47%. It was found that 77% of the household engaged in

agriculture. It was found that 100% of the respondent speak Punjabi language andcarry Islam as a religion. The major castes of the area are Maher and Watto. Rice,

Wheat and Cotton are the most popular crops cultivated in the study area. Females

participation for the betterment of the family is more as compared with the males. In

fact, rural women in the study area work 14 hours a day.

Women participate in agriculture activities such as sowing, hoeing, harvesting,

threshing, storage of crops and feeding the livestock.

It was found from ambient air quality monitoring that air is reasonably clean at present

as all the monitored parameters are within the limits of NEQS level. The climate of the

area is arid characterized by long hot summer and short mild winter. Wind speed varies

significantly over the year. Peak values were recorded during May during year

2007. The typical wind direction is south to north in most of the part of the year.


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PART 2

GENERAL ASSESSMENT


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2.1 Location of the Project

The barrage is located at latitude of 30-33 North and longitude 73-52 East. It is about

12 miles East of Haveli Lakha Town. The barrage is about 70 miles below FerozepurBarrage (India) and 115 miles upstream of Islam Barrage. The barrage falls in Tahsil

Depalpour, District Okara. The barrage location is indicated on Figure-1.1. It is

connected to other parts of the country through roads and is about 94 miles from the

provincial capital Lahore and about 281 miles from Islamabad. Other main cities near

the barrage include Okara at about 31 miles, Pakpatan at about 37.5 miles and Kasur at

about 60 miles.

Project Location Map


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The Tarbela 4th Extension project is officially designated as being located in Tehsil

Ghazi, district Haripur though it can be said that geographically it is more part of Tehsil

Topi, district Swabi. The right bank of the Tarbela Dam project lies alongside Topi town

which has seen tremendous growth in infrastructure in recent years over the last 2

decades. The GIK Institute of Engineering & Technology in Topi is a Centre of

Excellence in Engineering in Pakistan. The Gadoon Amazai Industrial Estate has also

been established in the area and it boasts a good communication infrastructure as wellas education and helath facilities.

The main objective of the T4HP Project is to utilize the existing irrigation Tunnel 4 of the

Tarbela Dam Project to supply water to a new power station to augment the power

supply to the country. A main requirement of the Project is that the new scheme does

not affect the ability of the Tarbela Dam Project to provide water for irrigation or other

purposes.

Very little extra land is being acquired for the T4HP project as enough land in the project

area is already available with WAPDA authorities, the Project owners, for final execution

of this project. There will also be very few direct affectees, if any, of the T4HP project

and hence the project can take off very quickly without getting involved into the time


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extending much beyond the Canal Regulators (Sadiqia Canal along left flank and

Pakpattan Canal along right). The top of the divide wall is 572ft amsl.

Fish Ladder

Two fish ladders exist at Suleimanki Barrage along both divide walls. During the course

of floods fish ladders function well and during low flow these remain dry.

Guide Bank

The guide banks at Suleimanki Barrage are unique as compared to any other barrage

as they are of converging type. The abutment to abutment width of the barrage is 2223

ft, while the width between guide banks at the nose is 1600 ft.

Road Bridge

Existing Structural Steel Bridge over the barrage is in bad condition and its deck needs

immediate replacement. Structural analysis of this bridge, as carried out during

feasibility design, has revealed that main steel members of the supporting system of the

bridge are in good condition and quite serviceable for future use except the deck.

Canal Head Regulator

There are three head regulators of off-taking canals from the barrage namely Pakpattan

Canal, Fordwah Canal and Sadiqia Canal. There are 8 bays in Pakpattan Canal

head regulator, while Sadiqia Canal and Fordwah Canal have 7 and 5 bays

respectively. All canal regulators have 20 ft clear bays separated by 4 ft wide masonry

piers. Bifurcating pier between Fordwah and Sadiqia Canal is 8 ft wide. Masonry

arches of the bridges are supported by these piers. Piers are supported by plain

concrete floor, which is locally thicken at pier locations and serves as foundation

support for the pier. The steel gates are rusted and need immediate repair or

replacement.

Flood Retaining Bunds

Right and Left Marginal Bunds extending either side to a distance of about 10

miles upstream of the weir. LMB of the barrage virtually forms the border between

Pakistan and India and controlled by the Pakistan Army and Rangers.


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Barrage Components

(a) Main Weir

Design discharge = 325,000 Cusecs

Total width between the guide wall = 2223 ft

Water way including undersluices = 1920 ft

Highest flood level upstream (u/s) = RL 572.00

Highest flood level downstream (d/s) = RL 569.00

No. of Bays = 24

Width of each Bay = 60

Pier thickness = 7 ft

Crest width = 13.5 ft

Crest level = RL 560.00

(b) Left and Right Under sluices

No of bays : 8+8 = 16

Width of each bay = 30 ft

Pier thickness = 5 ft

Crest level = RL 552

(c) Divide Wall

Top Level = RL 572

Top Width = 5 ft

(d) Guide Banks Left Right

Length U/S (ft) 3500 3500

Length D/S (ft) 1200 1200

Top level (RL) 579 579

Top Width 56 56

Free Board (ft) 7 7

Front side slope 2:1 2:1

Rear side slope 3:1 3:1

(e) Marginal Bund Left Right

Length (ft) 47,500 63,000


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(f) Canal Head Regulator

Item CANALS

Pakpattan Sadiqia Fordwah

Capacity (Cusecs) 6594 6200 3465

Crest level RL 559.00 559.00 561.50Floor RL 552.00 552.00 552.00

Full supply level RL 567.30 567.50 567.50

No. of Bays 8 7 5

Width of each Bay 20 20 20

Pier thickness (ft) 4 4 4

D/S Floor level 555.30 557.50 559.50

THE PROBLEM

Suleimanki barrage is now 84 years old and in the aging process along with inadequate

or deferred maintenance has resulted in general deterioration and damages of its

different components like the regulation gates and hoisting equipment. The distorted

flow pattern oblique entry into the guide bank zone has provoked many problems, any

further damage to this barrage can result in colossal losses in the form of total or partial

disruption of irrigation supplies, agricultural crops, loss of government revenue, and

rehabilitation cost of emergency repairs. The barrage has therefore been identified

as a structure requiring repairs.

The wind system, the wooden deck, the road bridge all are at least 83 years old.

Though the brick masonry not showing any apparent sign of deterioration but it needs to

be examined closely and will be appropriately repaired if required. After the Indus Water

Treaty, the pond behind the headworks receives water from B.S. link canal and feed to

Eastern Sadiqia, Fordwah and Pakpattan canals. The water received from B.S. link

canal is too little to fully occupy the whole span of the river and therefore leads to bela

formation and reduce the pond capacity. Plates 3.1 to 3.4 are shown the different

components of the barrage.


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The results of frequency analysis for the estimated flood peak for the 100 years return

period is 422,000 cusecs but the discharge calculation based on water level gate

opening data of 1988 flood shows that 330,000 cusecs passed through the barrage and

as reported in FFP at 2009, a discharge of 100,000 cusecs passed through breaches.

Therefore a discharge of 430,000 cusecs has been adopted as design flood for R&U

works of the barrage.

Realizing the gravity of the situation of this barrage Punjab Government has given due

attention to Sulemanki Barrage and has included it in the Phase-I program of

rehabilitation of barrages in Punjab.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

The project aims to modernize water resources and irrigation infrastructure at the

Suleimanki Barrage. The project is designed to address the following issues:

The oblique approach of the river channel to the barrage encourages sedimentation

in the Barrage pond and reducing pond capacity is an important issue to address.

Exceptionally high floods caused heavy damages through breaches in the marginal

bunds because the barrage capacity is less than the 100 years return flood

value.

The flood embankments are deficient with respects to the highest flood level of

1988.

River training works especially pertaining to pitched island constructed about 4km

upstream of the barrage to keep the river approach straight is not providing the

anticipated results and the main channels strikes the right bank.

The decking of the road bridge has been deteriorated and become risky for present

traffic requirements.

Repairing / modernization of regulation machinery for the smooth operation of the

barrage.

Need for the enhancement of barrage capacity for 100 years return flood


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Project Layout of Selected Works Scheme


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4.2.1.1 Soil Types

The Project area forms a part of the vast Indus plain, which is a part of the Indo-

Gangetic depression. This depression is of a synclinal nature. Synclinorium depression

is a fore deep downward of the Himalayan foreland of variable depth, converted into flat

plains by simple process of alleviation. The alluvial deposits consist on silty sand to siltyclay are underlain by rocks of Precambrian age i.e. Sandstone.

2 Surface Salinity

In the event of extended canal closure the saline area will be most vulnerable area in

the canal commands. Extended canal closure will not be require in this project, however

to deal with any accidental canal closure impacts the saline area in the canal

commands are identified. A study of surface salinity of the canal command areas

of Pakpattan Canal, Fordwah Canal and Sadiqia Canal was undertaken by the

SCARPS Monitoring Organisation (SMO) and presented in their reports references:S&R Publication No. 29, No. 33 and No. 35. The main parameters tested in the field

were EC and pH.

SMO arranged auger holes at suitable sites up to 180 cm depth or to the sloughing

material for the study within the canal command area. All the three canals irrigate a

considerable area of Southern Punjab. The canal command areas for Pakpatan Canal,

Sadiquia Canal and Fordwah Canal extend up to 1,058,000 acres, 1,260,000 acres and

474,000 acres respectively. The percentages of strongly saline (EC > 15ds/m) area

found within each canal command areas are summarized in following Table.

Considerable area was identified as strongly saline within the Fordwah Canal commandarea.


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3 Seismic Data

Due to the continental plate drift of Indian Plate and Asian Plate, Pakistan has been

suffered from the devastating earthquakes in past. NESPAK has been developed a

Seismic Zoning Map for Pakistan. The whole country is

Divided into following 5 zones:

Seismic Peak Horizontal

Zone Ground Acceleration

1 0.05 to 0.08g

2A 0.08 to 0,16g

2B 0.16 to 0.24g

3 0.24 to 0.32g

4 >0.32g

Where g is the acceleration due to gravity

Seismic Zoning Map of Pakistan

.The project area falls within zone 2A as indicated in figure 4.1. Zone 2A represents

area of negligible damage from the earthquake. Design team has been consider the

possible

impacts of earthquake on the barrage structure.

4.2.2 Climate

No meteorological station is located within the project study area. The data and analysis

provided is based on yearly record from the monitoring station at Okara

managed by

Pakistan Metrological Department (PMD). The climate of the area is arid characterized

by

long hot summer and short mild winter. The summer extends from April to October.

4.2.2.1 Temperature

The mean temperature ranging between 39oC to 42

oC in summer. May and June are

the hottest months during which maximum temperature may rise up to 50oC. The winter


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lasts from December to February with minimum temperature ranging from between 2oC

to 5oC. January is the coldest month and chill prevails during the winter when cold

wave from Himalaya, lashes the area.

Average Maximum Monthly Temperatures, Okara (2007)


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4.2.2.2 Rainfall & Humidity

The average annual rainfall in the area is 150 to 180mm. Nearly 60% of the

Precipitation is received during July to September whereas the rest is unevenly spread

over the remaining months. On the whole the rainfall is too scant and unreliable to be of

any agricultural use. The general evapo-transpiration is very high and the irrigationrequirements are met through the well organized (weir controlled) canal irrigation

system.

The average relative humidity was obtained from the Meteorological Department for Okara during

2007. Relative Humidity varied between 45% and 85%, peaking during the month of September

Average Relative Humidity, Okara (2007)


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The monthly rainfall varies significantly. The highest rainfall was recorded during

the monsoon months (June and July).

4.2.2.3 Wind

The wind speed significantly varied over the twelve month period. Peak valueswere recorded during the month of May while the minimum wind speed occurred in the

months of October and January. The typical wind direction is south to north.

Average Monthly Wind speed, Okara (2007)


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4.2.3.1 Surface Water Quality

The natural surface water resources of the project area include Sutlej River, the canals

which off-take from the barrage, Pakpattan Canal, Fordwah Canal and Sadiqia Canal,

and the BS Link Canal that has its outfall at the Sutlej River at the RME. The

river water discharge at Ferozpour Barrage by the Indian government is negligibleexcept during the monsoon period. The design discharge capacity of the canals

off take from Sulemanki Barrage are as follows;

Pakpattan Canal : 6,594 Cusecs

Sadiqia Canal : 6,080 Cusecs

Fordwah Canal : 3,366 Cusecs

The design discharge capacity of the canal brings water from Baloki Barrage to

Sulemanki

Barrage (BS Link Canal) is 22,000 Cusecs.

Sutlej River is now a non-perennial river as a result of the diversion of its water by

India, under the Indus Water Treaty of 1960. Presently, its flow constitutes of water

mostly released from the BS Link Canal and occasional releases by India from

Ferozpour Barrage, mostly occurring during high flow season. Pakpattan and Sadiqia

canals are perennial canals where as Fordwah is non-perennial at the barrage. A drain

bringing wastewater from India converges with Sutlej River at about 6 km upstreamof the Barrage.

4.2.3.3 Flood Record

The most recent flood caused the breaching in LMB and RMB occurred in 1988.

According to the data received from irrigation department a discharge of 500,000

cusecs was received upstream of Suleimanki Barrage out of which 100,000 cusecs

escaped through the breaches in the marginal bunds and 400,000 cusecs passed

through the Barrage with a raised upstream barrage level. As per report of the

Punjab Government 28 people lost their lives, 10,263 cattle heads were lost, about 209acres of cropped area were damaged during 1988 floods


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The Punjab Irrigation Department generally defines flood limits as low, medium, high,

very high, and exceptionally high at key control points. River Sutlej flood limits revised

and fixed in 1974 by the Punjab Flood Commission for Suleimanki Barrage are given

below:

.


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Flood Plan near Suleimanki Barrage


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4.4 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS

4.4.1 General

A survey was carried out to appraise prevailing socio-economic conditions of the related

community in the project areas and to assess the impacts of envisaged rehabilitationand upgradation of Sulemanki Barrage on local settlements to cover all the possible

options of work scheme. To achieve the project objectives, it is imperative to study the

prevailing socioeconomic and socio cultural aspects of their livelihood. For this purpose

a socioeconomic survey was conducted to assess the socio-economic condition of the

people. The study was completed by December 2009.

4.4.2 Study Area

Sulemanki Barrage is located in Tehsil Depalpur, District Okara. Okara derived its namefrom a tree known as OKAAN which was standing on the embankment of a water tank,

being maintained by a person known as RANA. Prior to colonization, that was the

only

place for rest and drinking water in an otherwise, barren tract. The Okara district

is

composed of three Sub Divisions/Tehsils Okara, Renala Khurd and Depalpur. The

Okara

district is bounded by district Faisalabad and Sheikhupura on the north-west where river

Ravi forms the natural boundary for the whole length of Okara district which is about 40kilometers.

Okara has a wide variety of culture reflecting the traditions and customs of the area.

Fairs, Festivals and Sports Melas (Public congregations) held here. People from

different places visit these fairs. Temporarily shops put up for visitors shopping. Items of

entertainment which attract the people are tent pegging, horse races, donkey race, fight

between hounds with a bear, dog race, cock fighting, wrestling bouts, kabaddi, circus,

Theatre, touring cinemas, volley ball and foot ball matches etc. Folk singers thrill the

crowds. All these items are the sources of enjoyment for all age groups.

Depalpur has a great historic past and is a very ancient town. The fortified town of

Depalpur

is built on an old Kashan site (40 A.D. to 172 A.D.). Depalpur fell on the way to Dehli

and, as

such, was considered to be a place where an invader could be engaged.


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Depalpur,

therefore, was one of the 3 lines of defence: the other 2 being Uch Sharif/Multan

and

Samana/Sunam and Hansi. (Aaeen-e-Akbari. Vol 1 Part II, Page 1042, by Abul Fazal).

Main

castes of the area are Kharrals, Sials, Wattos, Mohars etc. Total area is 2502 sq. Kms.

4.4.3 Data Source/Methodology

Findings/conclusion of the present socio-economic study of the Project Area based on

sample survey, discussion and meetings with the stakeholders and published data.

4.4.3.1 Secondary Data

Secondary data was collected from various sources as given below:

District Population Census Report, 1998

Provincial Population Census Report of Punjab 1998

Pakistan 2003 Mouza Statistics (Settled Areas)

4.4.3.2 Primary Data

It was difficult to interview every household from the Project Area as the time and cost

involved in such data collection and analysis was enormous. Thus for the

selection of respondents simple random sampling technique was adopted. According to

ADB guidelines, 20percent of the total households residing in the vicinity of

Sulemanki Barrage was calculated to determine the sample.

The sample size was 66 households. Another very important section of the society i.e.

gender analysis was also covered in the study. The numerical reality that women

constitute about half of the total population of Pakistan ideally assigns to them equal

participation role in the economic life of the country. Therefore 46 female respondentswere interviewed by female Sociologist.

Totally 112 questionnaires were filled at different locations in the study area. Among

the

respondents 66 were males for household survey and 46 were females for gender

survey.

The respondents were from all walks of life having different professional backgrounds.


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4.4.3.3. Questionnaire Design

Following Questionnaires were designed and administered for the study:

Questionnaire for Village Profile

Questionnaire for Households

Questionnaire for Gender Analysis

All the questionnaires were pre-tested in the field and required modifications were made

before the initiation of actual survey.

A survey team consisting of three experienced Sociologists was constituted (two males

& one female). Briefing sessions were held for the survey team members to

explain the objectives of the study. Questionnaires were also discussed in detail in the

briefing session. To ensure that each interviewer understood the meaning of each

question.

4.4.4 Culture

Concept of culture can provide ways of explaining and understanding human behavior,

belief

systems, values and ideologies, as well as particular culturally specific personality

types. Culture is the full range of learned human behavior patterns. Culture is a powerful

human tool for survival, but it is a fragile phenomenon. It is constantly changing and

easily lost because it exists only in our minds (Edward B Tyler 1832-1917).

4.4.4.1 Settlement Structure

The information regarding settlements is There are two major types of settlements in

rural study area.

Farm Village

It is the type where farmers are assembled in a village in the center of the farmland of

the mouza/village. They cultivate outlying fields. Table 4.9 reveals that 36 percent, 45

percent and 55 percent villages have one settlement in Tehsil Depalpur, District Okara

and Punjab province respectively.


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4.4.4..2 Religion

Religion is instinctive to man. It is inseparable from human society. Man is only a

religious being. Religion affects human behavior deeply. Religion helps to knit the social

values of a society into cohesive whole. It is the ultimate source of social

cohesion. The primary requirement of society is the common possession of socialvalues by which individuals control the actions of self and others and through which

society is perpetuated. These social values emanate from religious faith. Religion is the

foundation upon which these values rest. It is religion that asks man to renounce

unsocial activities and requires him to accept limitations upon his wants and

desires. All the religions have preached love and non-violence. They have

emphasized sacrifice and forbearance. Percentage distribution of the total population of

the study area is 100percent Muslim. They constitute 98 percent in District Okara and

97.70 percent in Punjab Province. Percentage of Christian population is 1.80 percent in

District Okara and 1.90 percent in Punjab Province.

4.4.4.3 LanguagePunjabi language is spoken by 95.7 percent in Okara District. Punjabi is very

important language which is very common in study area. About 3.5 percent individuals

are speaking urdu in Okara District and 4.5 percent in Punjab province

4.4.9 Education

A study of educational status not only provides guidelines to policy makers but also help

in

understanding the demographic behavior of the population (Malik 1967). The literacylevel is one of the factors which determine the quality of the human resources. The low

percentage of literacy gives the indication of cultural barriers to the spread or

innovations and scientific methods. The data given in Table 4.15 indicates that the

proportions of literate sample respondents are 47percent in study area. Furthermore

literacy rate in the large B farmers (73 percent) is more as compared with all

categories of farm size. The literacy level of respondents of medium, large A and

large B farm size is 49 percent, 52 percent and 73 percent respectively, whereas

literacy level of non-farm household respondents is

39percent. Data reveals that an increase in size of holding was found to have positiveimpact on the literacy rate.The number of education institutions reflect the status of

literacy and education level in particular area.


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making and painting etc. In fact, the activities that they could carry out from the home

and so not disturb the male patriarchy.

4.4.16.3 Socio-economic Impact of the Project on Women

A strategy has been developed to minimize involuntary dislocation impacts on women.

No female-headed households will be affected due to project activities .Efforts have

been made to minimize resettlement effects on females. Design engineers kept this in

their mind and avoided their dislocation to save four females headed households with

other option of the strengthening of the Right Marginal Bund.

During the survey, the female respondents gave range of positive and negative

perception of the project as follow;

Positive Impacts of the Project

The rehabilitation and upgrading of Suleimanki Barrage has a major positive impact of

flood control. Respondents (women) shared their perception regarding new

employment opportunities due to the project. Majority of the women in the area worked

as a causal hired labor as well as serve as a domestic maid and they show their interest

to work during construction activities. Some of the other positive impacts of project

are rise in living standard, generally better educational facilities and access to

education for girls, transportation facilities and better road infrastructure in remote

areas.

Negative Impacts of the Project

The adverse impacts on women are related to their day to day activities. Generally,

women are responsible for carrying food in the field, wood collection for fuel, and

carrying & preparing fodder in the family. Project activities could be restricted for female

mobility during construction period. They are largely engaged in the agricultural

activities as a causal hired labor and dislocation can result in loss of livelihood. During

shifting period, they can not work as a causal hired labor and this will add to womens

economic hardships.


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4.4.17 Resettlement Issues

The inventory survey reveals that all project activities would be operating on public

lands

under use by the Punjab Irrigation and Power Department and the project would notrequire any land acquisition. However, the embankment Right Marginal Bund (RMB)

and Dhranga Spur strengthening works would affect 11 residential structures that

would need to be relocated. These houses are scattered and located along the Right

Marginal Bund and Dhranga Spur on the land of Irrigation & Power Department. All

these 11 affected families are squatters. The affected population associated with these

families is 99 persons. All the structures are on government land. A resettlement Plan

will be prepared according to the ADB Safegaurd Policies and will be submitted under

different cover

A View of Female Participation in Household Relating Task


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A view of females participation for livestock activities

A view of Kacha Affected House


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Right Divide Wall and Fish Ladder Upstream of Barrage

Left Divide Wall and Fish Ladder Upstream at Barrage


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Consultation with Wildlife Staff at Wildlife Public Park

Consultation with Fishing Department at Suleimanki Barrag


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PART 3

SECURITY RELATED ASSESSMENT


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3.1 History & Background of Militant Tendencies

Militancy is often an organizational phenomenon, with different organizations adopting

different criteria for indoctrination of recruits. Sectarian terrorists in Pakistan tend to bemadressah-educated youth, whereas other organizations in Pakistan may utilize quality

game approach to indoctrinate and train their human resource. The Taliban tend to

recruit persons who have had at least a brush with Deobandi madrassah education,

whereas suicide attackers in Pakistans tribal belts are low quality, impoverished,

madrassah-educated or illiterate youth.

During poor economic times, relatively better qualified, better educated individuals add

to the ranks of the unemployed and become susceptible to Jihadist propaganda.

Although a lack of educational attainment is disruptive of economic mobility, educational

attainment sans comparable employment opportunities is even more dangerous;

expectations are raised, which if left unfulfilled cause cognitive dissonance between the

realityexpectation nexus. This can be a major cause of disenchantment with the

society, particularly amongst the youth.

Most Pakistanis in rural areas remain vague about their Islam, and their religion is

strongly intermixed with folk practices, Sufi beliefs, and even Hinduism and Buddhism.

Life in small villages is difficult; some are still devoid of facilities such as safe drinkingwater and electricity, with medical facilities situated sometimes at some distance from

the more remote villages. At the least, one-tenth of the rural communities do not even

have access to basic facilities. Poverty affects family planning and parenthood, with

75% on average more children in poor families as opposed to the non-poor households.

Terrorist activities in the Province are sustained and fuelled by numerous thefts,

robberies and abductions for ransom. Thirty incidents of bank robbery were recorded

across Punjab in the first 11 months of 2012, with a total loss of PKR 394 million,

according to the Punjab Police. In some of these incidents, the banks securit y guards

were found to have been linked with TTP and other banned outfits, according tointelligence sources. Intelligence reports have highlighted the lack of security clearance

of guards deployed by private security firms at banks. During the course of

investigation, it was discovered that most of the security guards involved were residents

of the troubled tribal areas, and did not have security clearance from the Police and

Home Department. Operatives of banned outfits were found to have been involved in

some incidents of robbery, in the guise of security guards.


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Police field units were subsequently deputed to randomly check bank guards and see if

they have received clearance. In the process, 2,060 security guards from 381 security

firms posted at 809 banks were checked. The results were shocking: only 842 guards

had security clearance; the remaining 1,218 guards, or 60% of all guards surveyed,

were deployed without any security clearance.

Fatalities in Punjab: 2006-2012

Years Civilians SFs Militants Total

2006 6 0 1 7

2007 96 47 14 157

2008 298 40 14 352

2009 254 117 51 422

2010 272 28 16 316

2011 110 19 8 137

2012 59 29 16 104

Total* 1095 280 120 1495

Source: SATP, *Data till December 30, 2012


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3.2 Security Arrangements at Project & Office Sites

On Tuesday, August 13, 2013

Punjab Chief Minister Muhammad Shahbaz Sharif has said that Pakistan is fighting for its

survival and there is a need for collective efforts to root out terrorism. He said that maintenanceof law and order is of vital importance for foreign investment and in view of this fact, Punjab

government has decided to form a special force for the specific purpose of ensuring safety of

the foreigners working on various projects. Issuing instructions for foolproof security

arrangements on the occasion of Independence Day, the Chief Minister directed that the

process of recruitment of four thousand police constables be started immediately and a

transparent method be adopted for this purpose.


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PART 4

ANNEXURES


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4.1 MAP


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S a m p l i n g L o c a t i o

tarbeela security report

Documents