KRONSBERG, HANNOVER, GERMANY.

KKKH4284 SUSTAINABLE URBAN PLANNING

TASK 4: EU BEST PRACTIVES

GROUP MEMBERS:MUHAMMAD SAFUAN BIN CHE AHMED

(A133024)

AHMAD NAZRUL HAKIMI BIN IBRAHIM

(A133762)

MUHAMMAD RAMADHAN BIN ZAKARIA (A133409)

LECTURES:PROF IR DR RIZA ATIQ ABDULLAH B OK RAHMAT

DR MUHAMAD NAZRI BIN BORHAN

MRS NORLIZA BT MOHD AKHIR

INTRODUCTION

• Location: Hannover, Germany

• Dates: Planned 1990-1994,1996-2000 first phase. Ongoing.

• Type: New construction in greenfield area at city edge.

• Use: Residential, services, open space.

• Size: 160 hectares, 3,000 dwellings first phase, final size 6,000 dwellings.

• People: 6,500 residents first phase, 15,000 after completion.

: 3,000 jobs created nearby

KRONSBERG

TARGET OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN

KRONSBERG

As a result, new standards are required for Kronsberg in: urban development ecology social planning

The goal is also for the: planning process and civic participant

to be exemplary

PASSIVE HOUSE

• Conception of passive houses was developed in the late eighties.

• Super insulated houses with mechanical ventilation and heat recovery proofed to provide high thermal comfort with extreme low specific heat energy consumption of about 15 kWh/ (m2a)

• Energy conservation of about 75% compared to conventional buildings.

CONCEPT

• The 32 terraced houses in Hannover Kronsberg are arranged in 4 rows with 8 houses each row.

• This arrangement offers the advantage of reduced envelope surface area to volume ratio.

• The houses are type buildings which are available in three sizes with 79, 97, and 120 m2 floor area respectively.

• The main intention of this project was to show, that heat supply in passive houses can be realized by warming up the supply air of the balanced ventilation system.

• So these houses have no conventional heating system with radiators, except one in the bathroom

THE PROJECT

• Walls and roofs are made of light-weight wooden construction

• The core of the building, the cross-walls and end-walls are made of prefabricated concrete elements.

• This modular construction allowed cost reduction, so it was possible to achieve pure building costs that are as low as for conventional building

CONSTRUCTION

• Controlled mechanical ventilation with heat recovery requires air- tightness.

Controlled air supply and exhaust-air extraction with heat recovery.

The inhabitants may open doors and windows, but they do not need to accomplish ventilation through windows during the heating period

Solar hot water storage and supply-air heater (SAH).

Mechanical ventilation system with heat recovery

ENERGY

• All the built structure were to meet Low Energy House Standard (LEH).

• This was possible only when the design had a compact building form with few projections and recessions.

• The required space index is 55kWh/m2.

• This was possible through thicker insulation layers of walss

airtight and windproof building envelopes

avoidance of thermal bridges

installation of very well insulations windows.

Energy Efficiency Optimization at Kronsberg

ENVIRONMENT ECOLOGICAL STANDARDS ENERGY

PROJECT

1• Solar City

2• Passive solar houses

3• Solar district heating system

4• Wind turbines

Solar district heating system

Passive solar houses : Passive solar houses in the project use heat exchangers to meet their heating needs. One of the CHP plants is run by fuel cells, and was a demonstration project for the Exposition.

Wind turbines : Two wind turbines provide 3,000 dwellings with electricity.

Photovoltaic cell technology.

SOLAR CITY

• Decentral cogeneration heating plant

• Compulsory connection to the network

• Only 5% more expensive than

new-build developments with

district heating connections elsewhere

in the city

DISTRICT HEATING

• The most important renewable energy source on Kronsberg is wind power.

• Tow large and one smaller wind turbines to provide enough energy for 3,000 houses

WIND ENERGY

“Good TRANSPORT SERVICES and communication linking people to jobs, school,

health and other services”

TRANSPORTATION & CONNECTIVITY

TRAM ROUTE• A new direct light rail transit service links the settlement with the

city centre (17 minutes).

• Three tram stops serve Kronsberg, each within easy walking distance of all homes, and providing a fast service to Hanover city centre.

• The transport systems has been specially designed to enable disabled access.

• The main motorised traffic flow is channelled along the edge of the development beside the tramline to minimise nuisance to residents.

TRAFFIC CALMING• In the residential area the car access is forbidden, except for Kronsberg

residents. Narrow sections on the roads, 30 kph zones, and priority to theright at junctions, are effective traffic calming measures.

PARKING SPACE• Car parking spaces are mainly arranged in small areas, either set into the

hill-side or at ground level.

• To reduce the parking space needs in the inner courts, a parking spaceratio of 0.8 per apartment was set at Kronsberg.

• This was compensated for by a 0.2 increase in the ratio for parking spaceson the public streets, which means that they are better used over the day,and the area needed for motorised access in built-up areas is reduced.

CYCLE PRIORITY LAYOUT• A cycle-friendly street layout with a

designated cycle street running the length of the district offers, together with a dense network of rural and urban footpaths, an attractive alternative to private motorised transport.

Cycle street

“Providing places for people to live in an environmentally-friendly way”

ENVIRONMENT

• The quality of housing is an important consideration atKronsberg, and a variety of architects and developerswere engaged to design individual urban blocks withinthe overall master plan to create variety and interest inthe buildings. ƒKronsberg provides an extensive range ofhousing types, from small one-bedroomed apartmentsto large family homes, catering for all ages andcircumstances, including the elderly and disabled.

• There is also a variety of tenures available across thesite including affordable housing with moderate rents,low rent homes and owner-occupied residences.

HOUSING AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT

• The site has several well-used public open spaces including

two neighborhood parks, each with distinctive designs to help

define different areas of Kronsberg, and a number of children‟s

play areas. Residents also have access to semiprivate

courtyards, and in many cases, to private gardens or terraces.

• The Kronsberg Water Concept deals with the effects that a largedevelopment can have on the local water table, the necessity forwater conservation, and raising awareness of water issues throughvisible systems.

• “The ‘Mulden-Rigolen’system for decentralized retention andinfiltration of rainwater” was used throughout Kronsberg to createa system of retention and infiltration that would not cause largechanges to the local water ecology

• Of the daily usage of 142 L of drinking water per person inGermany, most runs through the shower, bath, wash-basin andtoilet straight to the drains. Only about three liters are used eitherfor drinking, or for cooking. As water provider, the HanoverMunicipal Water-works is aiming to reduce that figure to 100 L perperson. Economy aerators have been installed in wash-basins.These reduce water-consumption greatly, although it is barelyperceptible. Flow-limiters and flow stabilizers are also effective.

WATER

• Within the framework of the Regional capital Hanover andKUKA energy economy programme, each household willreceive two aerators free of charge. These economy measureshave had their effects in other directions too; the pipes fordrinking water are smaller than usual, and are laid exclusivelyfor drinking water and not, as is more often the case, also forfire-fighting requirements.

• All precipitation on built up and paved areas is absorbed,collected and gradually released. Equipment of all apartmentswith water devices. A rainwater management system collectsand treats rainwater on-site in ‘grassed hollows’ that runalongside the pavements, before it flows into a retention areaand ultimately feeds into a nearby stream. Two ‘hillsideavenues’ running vertically through the scheme provideadditional retention areas during periods of heavy rainfall. Anattractive landscape feature, they also help raise awareness ofwater issues to residents.

• The Kronsberg Waste Management Concept includes building waste, and

domestic and commercial waste.

Construction waste

• The city of Hannover reached a contractual agreement with

developers to use exclusively environmentally compatible and

healthy building materials.

• For construction phase they required to sort building waste on site

• Signs were fixed to the various waste skips on site to make it clear

which waste belonged in which classification

• Developers are required to use materials for construction that are

non-toxic and recyclable, 80% of construction waste was not

landfilled.

WASTE

COMMERCIAL AND DOMESTIC WASTE

• The main component was setting up innovativecollection systems that is attractively designedcontainer parks close to the houses

• Owners of detach houses often compost organicwaste in their gardens.

• This can reduces waste volume of Kronsberg by30% to 154 kg per person and year compared toHannover average of 219 kg per person and year

• Recycling stations for pre-separated waste such aspaper, packaging and organics, are situated throughthe neighborhoods and underground glass recyclingbins help minimize the visual impact of suchfacilities.

• Systems for pre-sorted waste collection, encouragementof home composting, and encouragement for retailers touse low-packaging retail goods were part of the domesticand household waste plan, as well as a “dense network ofrepair and alteration services” throughout thedevelopment that encourage people to follow the motto„mend it, don‟t dump it‟.

THANK YOU