task analysis gentile’s taxonomy map of essential concepts dm mckeough © 2009 performance...

Task AnalysisTask Analysis

Gentile’s Taxonomy

Map of Map of Essential ConceptsEssential Concepts DM McKeough

© 2009

Performance Environment

Intertrial Variability

Task/ EnvironmentalConstraints

Use of Extremities

ADLs In Taxonomy

PT InterventionsIn Taxonomy

Progressing aTreatment Program

Desired Outcome of Action

Review Questions

Learning Objectives

Progressing aTreatment Program

Task AnalysisTask AnalysisTask AnalysisTask Analysis

Learning Objectives Gentile’s Taxonomy Performance Environment: Closed/ Open Intertrial Variability Desired Outcome of Action: Stability/ Transport Use of Extremities ADLS in Taxonomy PT Interventions in Taxonomy Progressing a Treatment Program in Taxonomy Task/ Environmental Constraints Review Questions

Learning Objectives Gentile’s Taxonomy Performance Environment: Closed/ Open Intertrial Variability Desired Outcome of Action: Stability/ Transport Use of Extremities ADLS in Taxonomy PT Interventions in Taxonomy Progressing a Treatment Program in Taxonomy Task/ Environmental Constraints Review Questions

Last ViewedLast Viewed Task AnalysisTask Analysis ExitExitConcept MapConcept Map

Learning ObjectivesLearning ObjectivesLearning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

At the completion of this presentation the learner will be able to:At the completion of this presentation the learner will be able to: define and discuss open and closed environments, intertrial variability, define and discuss open and closed environments, intertrial variability,

body stability and body transport, and independent limb manipulationbody stability and body transport, and independent limb manipulation classify PT intervention activities in Gentile’s taxonomyclassify PT intervention activities in Gentile’s taxonomy progress a treatment program using Gentile’s taxonomyprogress a treatment program using Gentile’s taxonomy describe how the performance environment determines if a performer describe how the performance environment determines if a performer

uses one or multiple movement strategiesuses one or multiple movement strategies

At the completion of this presentation the learner will be able to:At the completion of this presentation the learner will be able to: define and discuss open and closed environments, intertrial variability, define and discuss open and closed environments, intertrial variability,

body stability and body transport, and independent limb manipulationbody stability and body transport, and independent limb manipulation classify PT intervention activities in Gentile’s taxonomyclassify PT intervention activities in Gentile’s taxonomy progress a treatment program using Gentile’s taxonomyprogress a treatment program using Gentile’s taxonomy describe how the performance environment determines if a performer describe how the performance environment determines if a performer

uses one or multiple movement strategiesuses one or multiple movement strategies


Gentile’s Taxonomy of TasksGentile’s Taxonomy of TasksGentile’s Taxonomy of TasksGentile’s Taxonomy of Tasks

DESIRED OUTCOME OF THE ACTION (Goal)

Body Stability Body TransportEnvironmental

ContextNo

Manipulation ManipulationNo

Manipulation Manipulation

StationaryNo intertrialvariability

SIMPLE COMPLEX

ENVIRONMENTAL

CLOSED

StationaryIntertrialvariability

MotionNo intertrialvariabilityC

ONDITION

OPEN

MotionIntertrialvariability

COMPLEXCOMPLEX


Performance EnvironmentPerformance EnvironmentPerformance EnvironmentPerformance Environment

ClosedClosed environment: regulatory stimuli remain environment: regulatory stimuli remain stationarystationary in time in time and space during the performanceand space during the performance Chair, quiet room, quiet PT gymChair, quiet room, quiet PT gym Performer is free to start & stop at will (must only meet the spatial Performer is free to start & stop at will (must only meet the spatial

demands of the environment)demands of the environment)

OpenOpen environment: regulatory stimuli environment: regulatory stimuli change/movechange/move in time and in time and space during the performancespace during the performance Seat on a moving bus, catch a ball, walk in crowded hallSeat on a moving bus, catch a ball, walk in crowded hall PredictionPrediction is required is required

ClosedClosed environment: regulatory stimuli remain environment: regulatory stimuli remain stationarystationary in time in time and space during the performanceand space during the performance Chair, quiet room, quiet PT gymChair, quiet room, quiet PT gym Performer is free to start & stop at will (must only meet the spatial Performer is free to start & stop at will (must only meet the spatial

demands of the environment)demands of the environment)

OpenOpen environment: regulatory stimuli environment: regulatory stimuli change/movechange/move in time and in time and space during the performancespace during the performance Seat on a moving bus, catch a ball, walk in crowded hallSeat on a moving bus, catch a ball, walk in crowded hall PredictionPrediction is required is required


Intertrial VariabilityIntertrial VariabilityIntertrial VariabilityIntertrial Variability

No intertrial variability: Performance environment remains No intertrial variability: Performance environment remains closed and fixed closed and fixed R1, R2, R3R1, R2, R3 Sit Sit Std from same chair repeatedly Std from same chair repeatedly

Intertrial variability: Performance environment remains closed Intertrial variability: Performance environment remains closed but changes between R1, R2, R3but changes between R1, R2, R3 Sit Sit Std from different chairs Std from different chairs Golf, bowlingGolf, bowling

No intertrial variability: Performance environment remains No intertrial variability: Performance environment remains closed and fixed closed and fixed R1, R2, R3R1, R2, R3 Sit Sit Std from same chair repeatedly Std from same chair repeatedly

Intertrial variability: Performance environment remains closed Intertrial variability: Performance environment remains closed but changes between R1, R2, R3but changes between R1, R2, R3 Sit Sit Std from different chairs Std from different chairs Golf, bowlingGolf, bowling


DESIRED OUTCOME OF THE ACTION(Goal)

DESIRED OUTCOME OF THE ACTION(Goal)

Body stability: the desired outcome of the action is to keep the Body stability: the desired outcome of the action is to keep the line of gravity within base line of gravity within base Remain seated or standingRemain seated or standing

Body transport: the desired outcome of the action is to move the Body transport: the desired outcome of the action is to move the body from one location to anotherbody from one location to another Roll in bed, walk across roomRoll in bed, walk across room

Body stability: the desired outcome of the action is to keep the Body stability: the desired outcome of the action is to keep the line of gravity within base line of gravity within base Remain seated or standingRemain seated or standing

Body transport: the desired outcome of the action is to move the Body transport: the desired outcome of the action is to move the body from one location to anotherbody from one location to another Roll in bed, walk across roomRoll in bed, walk across room


Use of ExtremitiesUse of ExtremitiesUse of ExtremitiesUse of Extremities

No manipulation: the stability or transport action is performed No manipulation: the stability or transport action is performed without a second task involving manipulation by the extremitieswithout a second task involving manipulation by the extremities This is essentially a postural stability issue either stationary of movingThis is essentially a postural stability issue either stationary of moving

Manipulation: 2 tasks are being performed simultaneously Manipulation: 2 tasks are being performed simultaneously As postural stability is being maintained (stationary or moving),As postural stability is being maintained (stationary or moving), The extremities are simultaneously performing a manipulationThe extremities are simultaneously performing a manipulation

UE: drinking while sitting, standing, or walkingUE: drinking while sitting, standing, or walking LE: dressing or standing & playing hackey sackLE: dressing or standing & playing hackey sack

No manipulation: the stability or transport action is performed No manipulation: the stability or transport action is performed without a second task involving manipulation by the extremitieswithout a second task involving manipulation by the extremities This is essentially a postural stability issue either stationary of movingThis is essentially a postural stability issue either stationary of moving

Manipulation: 2 tasks are being performed simultaneously Manipulation: 2 tasks are being performed simultaneously As postural stability is being maintained (stationary or moving),As postural stability is being maintained (stationary or moving), The extremities are simultaneously performing a manipulationThe extremities are simultaneously performing a manipulation

UE: drinking while sitting, standing, or walkingUE: drinking while sitting, standing, or walking LE: dressing or standing & playing hackey sackLE: dressing or standing & playing hackey sack


Body Stability Body Transport Environmental

Context No

Manipulation

Manipulation No

Manipulation

Manipulation Stationary No intertrial variability

Maintaining balance sitting on bed while care giver combs hair Maintain balance standing in hallway as caregiver buttons coat

Sitting in a chair and knitting Sitting and paying monthly bills Standing to drink or place dishes in cupboard or open refrigerator door

Rolling over in bed Sit stand (same surface) Tub transfers Bedroom bath (same route)

Carrying a tray of food or drinks from kitchen to livingroom using same tray and same rout each time

Activities of Daily LivingActivities of Daily LivingClosed Environment No Intertrial Variability 1/3Closed Environment No Intertrial Variability 1/3Activities of Daily LivingActivities of Daily LivingClosed Environment No Intertrial Variability 1/3Closed Environment No Intertrial Variability 1/3



Context No

Manipulation

Manipulation No

Manipulation

Manipulation Stationary

Intertrial variability

Maintaining sitting balance on different chairs (with and without arms, rocker, sofa) Maintaining standing balance on different surfaces (linoleum, carpet, foam)

Standing in the kitchen to unload the dishwasher Sitting on a stool and weeding the garden Standing or sitting at a bedside table and stacking cones

Getting out of different beds (twin vs queen vs bunk bed) Sit stand from different heights and surfaces stairs of different height

Carrying a tray of food or drinks from kitchen to livingroom using different contents and route each time

Activities of Daily LivingActivities of Daily LivingClosed Environment Intertrial Variability 2/3Closed Environment Intertrial Variability 2/3Activities of Daily LivingActivities of Daily LivingClosed Environment Intertrial Variability 2/3Closed Environment Intertrial Variability 2/3



Context No

Manipulation

Manipulation No

Manipulation

Manipulation Motion

No intertrial variability

Maintaining balance on moving elevator or escalator

Rearranging packages while standing on moving elevator or escalator

Walking on a moving escalator, walkway or elevator

Rearranging packages while walking on moving escalator, walkway or elevator

Motion

Intertrial variability

Maintaining balance (sitting or standing) in a moving buss, on a rocker board or ball

Drinking a cocktail on the deck of a moving boat :-)

Community ambulation Walking through a livingroom where children are playing

Shopping in a crowded supermarket Walking a precocious pet on a leash

Activities of Daily LivingActivities of Daily LivingOpen Environment w/wo Variability 3/3Open Environment w/wo Variability 3/3Activities of Daily LivingActivities of Daily LivingOpen Environment w/wo Variability 3/3Open Environment w/wo Variability 3/3


Classifying Intervention Activities 1/5Classifying Intervention Activities 1/5Classifying Intervention Activities 1/5Classifying Intervention Activities 1/5

1. Static erect posture sitting/ std2. Sit & stack cones3. Sit in 2 different chairs4. Stationary bike, dressing5. Stand on escalator/moving walkway6. Stand on escalator carrying coffee7. Stand on rocker board, foam8. Sit/ Std play catch9. Gait training in empty PT gym10.Gait training in quiet hall w SPC 11.Walk from linoleum to carpet12.Walk from hall up stairs w SPC13.Walk on treadmill, escalator14.Walk on treadmill holding hand rail15.Walk in crowded hall16.Cross crowded street w SPC

Click activity to reveal matrix locationClick activity to reveal matrix location

DESIRED OUTCOME OF THE ACTION Body Stability Body Transport

EnvironmentalContext No

Manipulation ManipulationNo

Manipulation Manipulation


ENVIRONMENTAL

CLOSED


MotionNo intertrialvariability

CONDITION

OPEN


1

3

5

7

2

4

8

9

11

15

10

12

16

6 13 14


Intervention ActivitiesIntervention ActivitiesClosed Environment No Intertrial Variability 2/5Closed Environment No Intertrial Variability 2/5Intervention ActivitiesIntervention ActivitiesClosed Environment No Intertrial Variability 2/5Closed Environment No Intertrial Variability 2/5

Environ.Environ.

ContextContext

Body StabilityBody Stability Body TransportBody TransportNoNo

ManipulationManipulation ManipulationManipulationNoNo

ManipulationManipulation ManipulationManipulation

ClosedClosed

No ITVNo ITV

Maintain bal:Maintain bal:

Quiet sittingQuiet sitting

ReachingReaching

PerturbationsPerturbations

Cone of stabilityCone of stability

Quiet stdQuiet std

DressingDressing

Bal on 2/1 legsBal on 2/1 legs

TandemTandem

Balance beamBalance beam

Maintain balance:Maintain balance:

Bed exercisesBed exercises

(Ankle pumps, heel (Ankle pumps, heel slides, bridges)slides, bridges)

Seated/Standing:Seated/Standing:

Moving objectsMoving objects

Play catchPlay catch

Personal Hygiene Personal Hygiene (teeth, hair, face)(teeth, hair, face)

Weight machinesWeight machines

Toe-touch step-upToe-touch step-up

Bed mobility (roll, Bed mobility (roll, sup sup sit),sit),

Transfers Transfers (same surface)(same surface)

Gait trng’Gait trng’

stairsstairs

(same height)(same height)

Gait trng withGait trng with

glass of water, glass of water, asst deviceasst device

Run & kick Run & kick stationary ballstationary ball

Most ther. ex.Most ther. ex.Stand & kick Stand & kick stationary ballstationary ball


Intervention ActivitiesIntervention ActivitiesClosed Environment With Intertrial Variability 3/5Closed Environment With Intertrial Variability 3/5Intervention ActivitiesIntervention ActivitiesClosed Environment With Intertrial Variability 3/5Closed Environment With Intertrial Variability 3/5

Environ.Environ.

ContextContext




ClosedClosed

ITVITV

Maintain static/ Maintain static/ dynamic bal: dynamic bal: different chairsdifferent chairs

(arms, rocker, (arms, rocker, sofa), sofa),

surfaces (carpet surfaces (carpet linoleum, incline) linoleum, incline) eyes open/ closed,eyes open/ closed,

2/1 legs, 2/1 legs,

Balance beamBalance beam

(high/low)(high/low)

Maintain balance:Maintain balance:

Sitting/ standingSitting/ standing

moving different moving different objectsobjects

Stationary bikeStationary bike

Personal Hygiene Personal Hygiene (comb, brush, hair (comb, brush, hair dryer)dryer)

DressingDressing

Wand ex.Wand ex.

Bed mobilityBed mobility

Transfers Transfers (diff (diff surfaces),surfaces),

Gait trngGait trng

(diff surfaces),(diff surfaces),

stairsstairs

(diff height),(diff height),

Gait trng (quiet Gait trng (quiet PT gym) withPT gym) with

cup of water, diff cup of water, diff asst devicesasst devices


Intervention ActivitiesIntervention ActivitiesOpen Environment No Intertrial Variability 4/5Open Environment No Intertrial Variability 4/5Intervention ActivitiesIntervention ActivitiesOpen Environment No Intertrial Variability 4/5Open Environment No Intertrial Variability 4/5

Environ.Environ.

ContextContext




OpenOpen

No ITVNo ITV

Maintain balMaintain bal

standing on: standing on: escalator, moving escalator, moving sidewalksidewalk

Stand & pick Stand & pick objects off objects off conveyer beltconveyer belt

Rearrange luggage Rearrange luggage while maintain balwhile maintain bal

standing on: standing on: escalator, moving escalator, moving sidewalksidewalk

Walking on Walking on treadmill, treadmill, escalator, moving escalator, moving sidewalksidewalk

Holding on while Holding on while walking on walking on treadmilltreadmill


Intervention ActivitiesIntervention ActivitiesOpen Environment With Intertrial Variability 5/5Open Environment With Intertrial Variability 5/5Intervention ActivitiesIntervention ActivitiesOpen Environment With Intertrial Variability 5/5Open Environment With Intertrial Variability 5/5

Environ.Environ.

ContextContext




OpenOpen

ITVITV

Maintain balMaintain bal

sitting/ std: sitting/ std: bus/car, elevator, bus/car, elevator,

Compliant surfaceCompliant surface

(foam, air, rocker (foam, air, rocker board, Swiss ball)board, Swiss ball)

Balance play catch Balance play catch sit/ stand (same or dif sit/ stand (same or dif objects)objects)

Gait trn in Gait trn in crowded corridorcrowded corridor

Gait trng in Gait trng in crowded crowded corridor with corridor with asst deviceasst device

Run & throw/ Run & throw/ catch/ kick catch/ kick

(same or diff (same or diff objects)objects)

Ride bike on Ride bike on crowded streetcrowded street


Progressing a Treatment ProgramProgressing a Treatment ProgramProgressing a Treatment ProgramProgressing a Treatment Program

DESIRED OUTCOME OF THE ACTION (Goal)Body Stability Body Transport

EnvironmentalContext

NoManipulation Manipulation

NoManipulation Manipulation


ENVIRONMENTAL

CLOSED


MotionNo intertrialvariability

CONDITION

OPEN


ICU

Sit (I) bedside

Sit & notes

Std & books

Amb x60’Max (A)Level surface

LTG: return PTS w TBI from ICU to Classroom

1. STG1: Sit (I) bedside

2. STG2: (I) sitt & drink

3. STG3: (I) sitting notes, std w books

4. STG4: Amb x60” Max (A), level surface

5. STG5: Amb x 150” (I) SPC outside

6. LTG: Return to classroom & Rx activities

Amb x150” (I) SPC outside

Classroom & Rx activities

Sit & drink


Click to progress programClick to progress program

Task/ Environmental ConstraintsTask/ Environmental ConstraintsTask/ Environmental ConstraintsTask/ Environmental Constraints Closed environment

Performer develops consistencyconsistency of a single strategy Open environment

Performer develops multiple strategiesmultiple strategies

Closed environment Performer develops consistencyconsistency of a single strategy

Open environment Performer develops multiple strategiesmultiple strategies


Review Questions 1/5Review Questions 1/5Review Questions 1/5Review Questions 1/5

Define and discuss open and closed environmentsDefine and discuss open and closed environments In what type of performance environment is the performer free to start and In what type of performance environment is the performer free to start and

stop their movement when ever they choose?stop their movement when ever they choose? ClosedClosed

Independent limb manipulationIndependent limb manipulation What What neuroanatomical substrateneuroanatomical substrate supports the statement that adding limb supports the statement that adding limb

manipulation (carrying a glass of water) to a transport task (walking) means manipulation (carrying a glass of water) to a transport task (walking) means the performer is solving two tasks simultaneously?the performer is solving two tasks simultaneously? Ventromedial motor system is solving the transport taskVentromedial motor system is solving the transport task Dorsolateral motor system is solving the manipulation taskDorsolateral motor system is solving the manipulation task

Define and discuss open and closed environmentsDefine and discuss open and closed environments In what type of performance environment is the performer free to start and In what type of performance environment is the performer free to start and

stop their movement when ever they choose?stop their movement when ever they choose? ClosedClosed

Independent limb manipulationIndependent limb manipulation What What neuroanatomical substrateneuroanatomical substrate supports the statement that adding limb supports the statement that adding limb

manipulation (carrying a glass of water) to a transport task (walking) means manipulation (carrying a glass of water) to a transport task (walking) means the performer is solving two tasks simultaneously?the performer is solving two tasks simultaneously? Ventromedial motor system is solving the transport taskVentromedial motor system is solving the transport task Dorsolateral motor system is solving the manipulation taskDorsolateral motor system is solving the manipulation task


Click to reveal answerClick to reveal answer


Define and discuss intertrial variabilityDefine and discuss intertrial variability In what cell of Gentile’s taxonomy do you classify a golfer switching from In what cell of Gentile’s taxonomy do you classify a golfer switching from

hitting with a driver to hitting with a putter?hitting with a driver to hitting with a putter? Body stability in a closed environment Body stability in a closed environment

with intertrial variability with intertrial variability

In what cell of Gentile’s taxonomy do you classify teaching a patient to In what cell of Gentile’s taxonomy do you classify teaching a patient to transfer from a w/c to a chair, the bed, and the toilet?transfer from a w/c to a chair, the bed, and the toilet? Body transport in a closed environment Body transport in a closed environment


Define and discuss intertrial variabilityDefine and discuss intertrial variability In what cell of Gentile’s taxonomy do you classify a golfer switching from In what cell of Gentile’s taxonomy do you classify a golfer switching from

hitting with a driver to hitting with a putter?hitting with a driver to hitting with a putter? Body stability in a closed environment Body stability in a closed environment


In what cell of Gentile’s taxonomy do you classify teaching a patient to In what cell of Gentile’s taxonomy do you classify teaching a patient to transfer from a w/c to a chair, the bed, and the toilet?transfer from a w/c to a chair, the bed, and the toilet? Body transport in a closed environment Body transport in a closed environment





Body stability and body transportBody stability and body transport What is the biomechanical goal for all tasks classified as body stability in What is the biomechanical goal for all tasks classified as body stability in

either open or closed environments (with or without independent limb either open or closed environments (with or without independent limb manipulation)manipulation) Maintain the line of gravity within the base of support (weather or not the Maintain the line of gravity within the base of support (weather or not the

environment is moving and weather or not you are solving a separate environment is moving and weather or not you are solving a separate motor problem with your limbs)motor problem with your limbs)

Body stability and body transportBody stability and body transport What is the biomechanical goal for all tasks classified as body stability in What is the biomechanical goal for all tasks classified as body stability in

either open or closed environments (with or without independent limb either open or closed environments (with or without independent limb manipulation)manipulation) Maintain the line of gravity within the base of support (weather or not the Maintain the line of gravity within the base of support (weather or not the

environment is moving and weather or not you are solving a separate environment is moving and weather or not you are solving a separate motor problem with your limbs)motor problem with your limbs)




Progress a treatment program using Gentile’s taxonomyProgress a treatment program using Gentile’s taxonomy Your pt is capable of (I) w/c Your pt is capable of (I) w/c mat table. Using a clinical example, add mat table. Using a clinical example, add

intertrial variability to this task and keep it in the same cell in the taxonomyintertrial variability to this task and keep it in the same cell in the taxonomy w/c w/c bed, bed, chair, chair, toilet toilet

Your pt is capable of (I) static balance in a closed environ. Using a clinical Your pt is capable of (I) static balance in a closed environ. Using a clinical example, move this balance activity to an open environment.example, move this balance activity to an open environment. Maintain static erect balance on 6” foam, Maintain static erect balance on 6” foam,

rocker board, bapst boardrocker board, bapst board

Progress a treatment program using Gentile’s taxonomyProgress a treatment program using Gentile’s taxonomy Your pt is capable of (I) w/c Your pt is capable of (I) w/c mat table. Using a clinical example, add mat table. Using a clinical example, add

intertrial variability to this task and keep it in the same cell in the taxonomyintertrial variability to this task and keep it in the same cell in the taxonomy w/c w/c bed, bed, chair, chair, toilet toilet

Your pt is capable of (I) static balance in a closed environ. Using a clinical Your pt is capable of (I) static balance in a closed environ. Using a clinical example, move this balance activity to an open environment.example, move this balance activity to an open environment. Maintain static erect balance on 6” foam, Maintain static erect balance on 6” foam,

rocker board, bapst boardrocker board, bapst board




DDescribe how the performance environment determines if a escribe how the performance environment determines if a performer uses one or multiple movement strategiesperformer uses one or multiple movement strategies

In a closed environment, the performer develops an ideal solution to that In a closed environment, the performer develops an ideal solution to that problem and then applies the same solution every time they encounter the problem and then applies the same solution every time they encounter the same problem in that environment (getting out of the same w/c)same problem in that environment (getting out of the same w/c)

In an open environment, regulatory stimuli are changing in time and space In an open environment, regulatory stimuli are changing in time and space and require novel solutions for each set of regulatory stimuli (patient and require novel solutions for each set of regulatory stimuli (patient crossing a busy street)crossing a busy street)

DDescribe how the performance environment determines if a escribe how the performance environment determines if a performer uses one or multiple movement strategiesperformer uses one or multiple movement strategies

In a closed environment, the performer develops an ideal solution to that In a closed environment, the performer develops an ideal solution to that problem and then applies the same solution every time they encounter the problem and then applies the same solution every time they encounter the same problem in that environment (getting out of the same w/c)same problem in that environment (getting out of the same w/c)

In an open environment, regulatory stimuli are changing in time and space In an open environment, regulatory stimuli are changing in time and space and require novel solutions for each set of regulatory stimuli (patient and require novel solutions for each set of regulatory stimuli (patient crossing a busy street)crossing a busy street)



The EndThe EndThe EndThe End

© DM McKeough 2009© DM McKeough 2009© DM McKeough 2009© DM McKeough 2009

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