TATA BAHASA

INI and ITU

• INI /this close to the speaker• ITU /that far from the speaker

This is a cat Ini kucing

• That is a tiger • Itu singa

5 m

Seorang Seekor

Question

• What is that ? Apa itu? • What is this ? Apa ini ?

Questions words (?) kata tanyaEnglish Indonesian

What Apa

Why Kenapa, mengapa

Who Siapa

When Kapan

Where Dimana

How Bagaimana

How long Berapa lama

How far Berapa jauh

How much (money) Berapa harga

How much/many (thing) Berapa banyak

Which Yang mana

With whom, for whom Dengan siapa, untuk siapa

Whose (book) …(buku)……….siapa …..pernikahan

Verbal sentence & Nominal sentence

Nominal sentence verbVerbal sentence verb

Nominal sentenceYes/no……………….ya/tidak/bukanApakah anda Billy? Are you Billy? Apakah anda polisi? Are you a policemen? Apakah anda dokter? Apakah ini meja anda? ini meja saya Apakah rumah anda di Sanur?

Subject Personal Pronoun i Aku, saya, bukuku, buku saya

She , he Dia Bukunya, mobilnya, rumah dia

They mereka Rumah mereka

We Kami /kita Laptop kami

You Kamu, kalian , anda

Bukumu, mata anda, kaki kalian

it/ this book Ini/itu pintunya

1. Di mana Chandra? Di mana ini ? Di mana alamat anda?

2. Siapa Andrea? Siapa anak itu? 3. Apa ini/itu? 4. Kapan ulang tahunmu? 5. Berapa jauh Denpasar dari sini? 6. Bagaimana pekerjaanmu? 7. Berapa harga buku ini? 8. Yang mana mobilmu? 9. Untuk siapa ini?10.Buku siapa ini?

Kinds of word

1. noun (kata benda) e.g: susu, nasi, air, kue, roti, pisang, dll2. adjective (kata sifat) e.g: besar, kecil, tinggi3. verb (kata kerja) eg : makan, minum, tidur, mandi, kerja,

dengar, dll4. Question words (kata tanya) e.g : apa (kah)?, siapa(kah)? 5. Adverb (kata keterangan) e.g: sangat, masih, sekali,cukup,

tidak, bukan, pelan-pelan, cepat-cepat, segera6. pronoun (kata ganti) eg : dia, aku, 7. preposition(kata depan) e.g : di, ke, pada, dari8. conjunction (kata sambung/penghubung) e.g: dan, serta,

tetapi, namun, walaupun9. Kata bilangan 10. Kata perujuk: ini, itu, tersebut

Kata Ganti• First person (mewakili pembicara) saya, aku, ku, kami,

kita Ita dan Ali berkata kepada Lia, “kami berdua sudah menikah.”Guru menjelaskan, “anak-anak negara kita adalah negara kepulauan.’’

• Second person (pendengar, lawan bicara) anda, kamu, engkau, kalian

• Third person (kata yang menunjukkan orang yang dibicarakan) dia, ia, beliau, mereka, -nya(orang, benda, binatang)

• Petunjuk ini, itu• Seseorang, keduanya, semuanya, masing-masing,

preposition(kata depan)Akan, antara, untuk, dengan, pada, tentang, sejak, oleh, di, dari,

atasbawahdepanmukabelakangdalamluarsampingsebelahantaratepiseberang

Dekat

"top, above""beneath, under""front""front""back""inside""outside""side""side""between""edge""other side“

Near

EXAMPLES:Sepatu ada di bawah tempat tidur.

Shoes are under the bed.Saya di rumah

I am at home Saya sedih

I am sad Dia tinggi

He is tall Ini sepatu saya

It is my shoeDia siswa saya. He is my student

Nominal sentence (S+adjective/noun)

• Tinggi • Gemuk• Pendek • Cantik • Ganteng/ tampan • Keriting • Lurus • besar • Kecil • Sombong • Senang • Muda • Tua • Sempurna • Ramai • Lambat

MaluRendah diri Gugup Kaya Miskin Pintar Rajin Malas Takut Marah Lapar Haus Lucu Bosan Sopan

Adjectives/kata sifat

1 Tinggi – pendek 2 Muda – tua 3 Gemuk – kurus 4 Baru – tua 5 Sudah menikah – BELUM

menikah/sendiri 6 Tampan/ganteng –jelek 7 cantik - jelek8 Besar – kecil 9 Ribut – sepi 10 Mahal – murah 11 Mudah/gampang – sulit 12 Kaya – miskin

Subject + adjectives

• Saya sangat lapar • Saya takut dirumah• Rambut saya keriting • Rumah saya besar • Dia tinggi • Saya haus • Saya tidak pintar

Subject + noun

• Dia anak saya • Saya mahasiswa • Ayah saya tukang jahit • Dia seorang guru

VERBAL SENTENCE (S+ VERB)

KATA DASAR (BASE WORD)BacaAmbil Isi Lihat Ajar

Makan Mengajar , diajar Tonton, menonton

Minum Bernyanyi , dinyanyikan

Dengar, mendengarkan

Masak Tidur Main, bermainBaca Renang, berenangBelajar Tanam, menanam

Menyikat Memperbaiki Membaca

Membersihkan Mengecat Mencuci

Memberi makan

1. Menelepon2. Memasak 3. Menyetir4. Makan 5. Mendengarkan musik 6. Mengecat7. Bermain8. Membaca9. Menjual 10.Berbelanja11.Bernyayi 12.Berbicara 13.Mengunjungi 14.Menonton tv15.Bekerja

Indonesian Verbs Verbs (acting words) are sometimes formed by using me-

Baca membaca / read Buat membuat / make Ambil mengambil / take Isi mengisi / fillInap menginap /lodge, stay withLihat melihat / seeCari mencari /look for Ajar mengajar /teachSapu menyapu / sweep The change of me- into mem-, meng-, men-, meny- depends on its base word

Acting words (verbs) with ber- • Wisata berwisata• Belanja berbelanja (I shop at the market)• Ajar belajar• Kerja bekerja The meaning of verbs with ber- is ‘to do’. Another meaning is ‘to wear’

or ‘to use’• Topi bertopi • Sepeda bersepeda • Kacamata

berkacamata

Sekolah bersekolah

Similar to me-, ber- also changes according to the words that attached to it. It can be be- bel

Acting words (verbs) with di-

• Baca dibaca The novel is read by billy

• Ambil diambil It is taken by Andi

• Beli dibeliIt was bought by John

di- does not change its form whatever words are attached to it.

• I bought a book yesterday • Saya membeli buku kemarin • This book was bought yesterday• Buku ini dibeli kemarin

Saya, Anda, Dia

Saya, anda, dia are used when the speaker, the listener, and the one being talked about is singular in number.

possessivenessSaya Kamar saya

Anda Buku anda Dia Rumah dia,

Rumahnya

Di mana, ke mana, dari mana

• Di • Ke the information of a place / location • Dari

• Di where something or someone is • Ke where something or someone is heading

for • Dari where something or someone is from

• Saya menginap di hotel Bali Beach I stayed at Bali Beach hotel

• Saya pergi ke Denpasar bulan lalu I went to Denpasar last moth

• Mereka datang dari Jakarta They come from Jakarta

Question word to ask place/ location

Combining di, ke, dari with manaAnda tinggal di mana? Saya tinggal di Canggu

Anda mau ke mana? Saya mau ke Tabanan

Dari mana anak-anak itu?

1. Bapak Price sedang membersihkan kamarnya.

2. Ibu Hunter sedang mengecat dinding kamar mandinya.

3. Ricky Gomes sedang memberi makan kucingnya.

4. Ibu dan Bapak Wong sedang mencuci baju mereka.

5. Ibu Martin sedang berolahraga.6. Judy dan Lary Clark sedang memperbaiki

mobil mereka.

kami, kita, kalian, mereka(plural in number)

• Kami is used when the listeners are exclusive within the conversation being conducted

• Kalian is used to address the listeners when they are plural in number

• Kita is used when the speaker and the listener are inclusive within the conversation being conducted

• Mereka is used when the ones being talked are more than one

Hari ini kita pergi kemana

suamiku?

Hari ini kita pergi ke kebun

binatang?

Selamat pagi, kalian mau pergi kemana?

Kami mau pergi ke kampus.

Dimana anak-anak

Bu?

Mereka sedang

belajar di kamar?

Fill the blank with kami, kita, kalian, or mereka

• Saya, Made, dan Wayan pergi ke Bali. _______menginap di Sanur.

• Dewi dan Dewa pergi ke pasar. ________ membeli buah.

• Saya dan kamu akan bekerja di Bali. ________akan tinggal di Ubud.

• Kemarin saya melihat kamu dan Mita makan di Restoran. ________ makan apa?

BUKAN dan TIDAKnegative statement

Bukan To negate things or

people

Saya bukan mahasiswaItu bukan motor saya

Tidak To negate acting words

or adjectives

Dia tidak makan daging Dia tidak pintar

Negate these following sentences

• Dia makan nasi ---------------kue • Saya suka ayam ---------------ikan • Ayahnya seorang guru-------------dokter • Dia pacar teman saya ----------------saya• Mereka sedang belajar ---------------

bermain

negation can also be formed by using “tanpa” without

1. Dia minum kopi tanpa gula2. Mereka pergi ke sekolah tanpa memakai sepatu. 3. Saya pesan satu nasi tanpa sambal. 4. Tolong berikan saya satu nasi. 5. Saya minta satu bungkus nasi. 6. Bisa saya pesan satu bungkus nasi ?7. Saya pesan 2 nasi. Tolong dibungkus.

Kata tanya BERAPA? How(..........)?

To ask about amounts or quantities, whether it is countable or uncountable How much/many? 1. Berapa harga? 2. Berapa banyak?

Berapa harga cincin ini? How much is this ring? Berapa banyak anda membeli cincin?

How many rings do you buy?

Berapa can also be combined with scale unit, e.g.. Kilo, liter, meter

Berapa kilo anda membeli beras?

How many kilos do you buy rice?

Berapa liter motor anda menghabiskan bensin setiap minggu?

How many liters does your motorcycle spend gasoline every week?

Berapa is also used to ask number

Anda di kamar berapa? What is your room number?

Berapa nomor telepon anda?

What is your telephone number?

Berapa is also used to ask durationit is combined with lama / long

• Berapa lama anda belajar bahasa Indonesia? • How long did you learn Indonesian?

Berapa can also be combined with word which indicates time (jam, hari, tahun, bulan, detik)

Berapa jam anda belajar sehari? How many hours?

Note: Jam berapa dia datang? What time? Tahun berapa anda menikah? What year did you get married?

• Just 6 months…. Hanya/Cuma 6 bulan • 6 bulan saja • Me too…….. Saya juga • I like rice too. Saya juga suka nasi

KATA SAPAAN(words which are use to address someone )

1. Anda & kamu (the addressee is singular)Kalian (the addressee is plural in number)

Bagaimana kabar

anda/kamu pagi ini?

Bagaimana kabar kalian

hari ini?

You to one of your friend.

Teacher to her students

2. Anda, kamu, kalian can be used together with the name of the person to whom a speaker talks to. (to stress the addressee)

Putu, kamu mau pergi ke

mana?

Aku mau pulang. Apakah kamu tidak pulang,

Agung?

3. Simple way to addressee people is by using the name of the addressee.

Jangan lupa telpon aku, Bagus.

Semoga berhasil. Don’t forget to call

me,Bagus. Good luck

Terimakasih Rita. Sampai bertemu lagi.

4. Some of the kinship terms are commonly used to address people, although the people may not be your actual relatives

Selamat pagi, Pak. Bisa saya bicara dengan

anda Sebentar?Can I talk with you just

for a moment?

5. It is common to combine names of relatives and terms of professions to addressee people

Pak sopir Male driver

Bu guru Female teacher

Pak guru Male teacher

Bu dokter Female doctor

Abang becak Older brother driving pedicab/rickshaw

Pak tukang Male builder

Pak satpam Male security

Pak pos , pak polisi Postman, policeman

Addressee terms are related to areas where they are used

Abang Older brother used in north Sumatra and Jakarta Akang Older brother used in West Java

Mas Older brother used in Jawa except West Java

Bli Older brother used in Bali

Uda Older brother used in Padang

Neng Girl used in Jakarta and West Java

Mbak Older sister used in Java except West Java

Kapan? When ? Answers of Kapan? Sekarang Now Besok Tomorrow Kemarin Yesterday Tahun depan Next year Bulan depan Next monthMinggu depan Next week Dua tahun yang lalu (minggu, bulan, jam, menit)

Two years ago

Seminggu yang lalu / minggu lalu A week ago Sebulan yang lalu A month ago/ last moth

Kapan can be placed at the beginning or at the end of a sentence. • Kapan kakek datang? When do you come grandfather? • Kakek datang kapan?

Kapan saya bisa pulang

pak dokter?

Anda bisa pulang minggu depan.

ATASBAWAHDEPANBELAKANGDALAMSAMPINGANTARA

AJAKAN invitation

It expects a response from the listener to join what is being done by the speaker or to do what is suggested by the speaker. Mari kita makan. Let’s eat.Ayo kita pulang. Let’s go home.

mari (formal communication)ayo (informal communication)

Marilah and ayolah are more polite. The invitation becomes a little more sincere. It can convince the listener. Marilah kita jaga lingkungan. Let’s look after our environment. Ayolah (it’s not only express sincerity but also

makes the invitation firmer)Ayolah, ke sini. Jangan malu-malu

PERSILAAN permission

It is used when the listener is permitted to do something by the speaker. Silakan or dipersilakan

Silakan beristirahat dulu. Please take a rest first.Dipersilakan makan.

Mereka semua dipersilakan untuk makan Para hadirin dipersilakan duduk kembali

Sometime, silakan is followed only by a term of address

• Silakan, Pak. Please, Sir• Silakan ambil, Bu. Please take one/some, Mam. • Silakan pilih, Pak. Please choose one/some, Sir.

Permintaan request

A polite form of ordering in which the speaker intends to ask the listener to do something.

Tolong antar kami berkeliling Kota Denpasar.Mohon tunggu sebentar. Maukah anda mengantar saya ke stasiun?More polite request tolonglahBisakah anda mengatar sayake Singaraja?

Make permitting sentence using the following words

Makan Baca Isi Minum Antre queue up

Make request using maukah, tolong, mohon

• You ask someone to open the door. • A teacher asks one of her student to bring all

of his friends’ homework to her office. • You ask your friend whether he would send

you a book.

Alangkah, wah, wow, betapa, bukan main

Exclamatives are ussually used to express amazement and surprise1. Alahkah senangnya kami di Bali

How happy we are in Bali

2. Betapa merdunya suara penyanyi ituHow sweet the voice of that singer is

3. Bukan main birunya langit hari iniHow blue is the sky today

Casual situation

Wah, indahnya

Wah, sate ini enak sekali

Perintah order

The listener does something asked by the speaker. Use acting word with a rising intonation. • Bangun, sudah jam setengah delapan. ayo kita

ke kampus!• Ambil buah itu!• Duduk di situ!

Partikel –lah can be added to make the order more polite

• Pergilah sekarang!• Makanlah bubur ini!• Diamlah disitu!• Bicaralah dengan jujur!

Qualifying Words

Words which give more specific description about something/someone being talked. They can be combined with modifier such as

sangat very sangat jauh very far agak rather agak panas rather hotcukup quite/enough cukup pintar quite

smart

COMPARISON/PERBANDINGANsetara, tingkat komparatif, tingkat superlatif

1. Perbandingan tingkat setara/the equal level(it’s used to describe the comparison between two people or objects that have a specific similarity)

se- + adjective or

sama + adjective + -nya+ dengan

Example (the equal level)Rumahku sebesar rumah YogaRumahku sama besarnya dengan rumah Yoga

My house is as big as Yoga’s house

panas enak bagus mahal kecil dingin panjang indah

2. Perbandingan tingkat komparatif/the comparative levelIt’s used to compare two people or objects that are not the same in a certain aspect. more lebih less kurang

lebih + adjective + daripada or

kurang + adjective + dibandingkan dengan

Contoh (tingkat komparatif)

• Kantor itu lebih bersih daripada kelas ini • That office is cleaner than this class

• Lukisanku kurang bagus dibandingkan dengan lukisannya

• My painting is less beautiful than his painting

lucu, galak, pintar memasak,

3. Perbandingan tingkat superlative / the superlative level It’s used if there is somebody or something for a specific characteristic or feature surpasses all other people or things in group.

Paling + adjective or

Ter- + adjective

Contoh (tingkat superlatif)

Ini ayam betutu paling enak / terenak This is the most delicious ayam betutu

1. Tinggi 2. Gemuk3. Pendek 4. Cantik 5. Ganteng/ tampan 6. Keriting 7. Lurus 8. besar 9. Kecil 10. Sombong 11. Senang 12. Muda 13. Tua 14. Sempurna 15. Ramai 16. Lambat

150.000

350.000

120.000 120.000

Baju kemeja Rok Ikat pinggang Sepatu

• BAJU KEMEJA LEBIH MURAH DARIPADA IKAT PINGGANG

• SEPATU LEBIH MAHAL DARIPADA IKAT PINGGANG DAN KEMEJA

• KEMEJA PALING MURAH • KEMEJA SAMA MAHALNYA DENGAN ROK

LARANGAN /PROHIBITION • JANGAN DON’T • TIDAK BOLEH MAY NOT • DILARANG PROHIBITED

JANGAN DISENTUH TIDAK BELeH DISENTUH

Jangan/dilarang/tidak boleh

Jangan membuang sampah sembarangan.Don’t throw rubbish away carelessly.

Jangan merokok di ruangan ini. atau

Anda jangan merokok di ruangan ini.

More polite prohibition add the particle -lah

Janganlah berenang di pantai ituDo not swim at that beach

Dilaranglah Tidak bolehlah

Harapan / expectation the listener is expected to do something by the speaker

• Harap duduk Sit down, please

• Harap menuju ruang tunggu Go to the waiting room please

• Semoga sukses I hope you will be successful • Semoga kita bertemu lagi • Mudah-mudahan mereka cepat kembali

May they return soon Semoga kamu lekas sembuh … Saya berharap kamu bisa cepat pulang

Di- + bentuk dasar (base word)This prefix can be combined with verbs or nouns

Kata kerja (verb) Example

di- + ambil /take diambi/was taken

bawa/bring dibawa/was brought

pilih/choose dipilih/was chosen

Kata benda (noun) Example

di- + Sapu /broom disapu/was swept

Cat /paint Dicat/was painted

Lentera Unit 2 The second meeting of the second semester

The function of di- is to form a passive sentence (for the transitif sentence)

Sentence pattern

subject Predicate Object Adverb

Active Sundari menghias/decorates rumah/ house dengan lampion

Passive Rumah dihias/was decorated Sundari dengan lampion

Active Adikku memegang/ hold bunga

Passive Bunga dipegang /was held adikku

Mengenal/dikenalKnow/ was known

Ter- + bentuk dasar/base wordTer- will become te- if it is connected with a base

word started with r

Base word/ bentuk dasar

Example

Ter- te- Rasa/taste terasa

Raba/grope teraba

Rencana/plan terencana

Base word/ bentuk dasar

Example

Ter- ter- Aduk/stir Teraduk

Ikat /string Terikat

Ukur /measure Terukur

Ejek/mock Terejek

Kenal Terkenal

Garap /work on Tergarap

Hormat /respect terhormat

Ter- can be added together with verbs, adjectives, nouns

The function is to form verb in the sentence

Verbs Example Jual Terjual/was sold

Ter- +

Adjective Example

Tinggi Tertinggi

Noun Example Sapu Tersapu/ was swept

Subject Predicate Complement adverb

Wayang golek terbuat Dari kayu

Is made From wood

Rangga Terpandai The cleverest

Di sekolahnya

Base word + -an• The function is to form a noun• It can be added to verbs , adjectives, numbers

Verb Adjective number

Gerakan Manisan Ratusan Tulisan Kotoran Dua ribuan Pengangan Asinan Pakaian bangunan

Affix/ Imbuhan se-This affix can be joined with nouns, verbs, adjectives, numbers

Lentera Unit 3 , The Third meeting of the second semester

Kata kerja/verb Example/contoh

Se- + Tahu+ku Setahuku

Kata sifat/adjective Example/contoh

Se- + MerahTinggiPandai

Semerah SetinggiSepandai

Kata benda/nouns Example/contoh

Se- + Kota Kamar

SekotaSekamar

Kata bilangan/number Example/contoh

Se- + Ribu Seribu

The function of the affix se- CONTOH MAKNA/MEANING

Saya tinggal sekota dengan Sundari I live in the same town with sundari

sama-sama satuthe same

Kei memelihara seekor kucingKei raises a cat

satuone

Mereka sekeluarga pergi ke Bedugul The whole family goes to Bedugul

seluruh/segenap entire, whole

Pohon itu setinggi tubuh sayaThat tree is as tall as me

Sama dengan/menyerupai The same with/ be similar to something

Affix pe-pe- + base word

Kata kerja/verb Contoh/example

Pe- +

Nyanyi , lari, bantu Penyanyi, pelari, pembantu

Kata sifat/adjectiveMarah, takutAngry, afraid

Pemarah, penakut

Kata benda/nounLaut, rokokSea, cigarrete

Pelaut, perokok

Kata bilangan/ number Satu , dua Penyatu, pendua

Function of the affix pe- is to form a nounSentence Pattern

Subject Predicate Object/complement

Adverb Meaning

Penari ZapinDancers of Zapin

Berjumlah are

dua orangtwo people

Orang yang melakukan tindakan/pelakuSomeone who do the action

Pesuruh itu That messenger

Mengantardeliver

barang goods

ke kantor ayahTo father’s office

Sesuatu/orang yang di-Something/someone who is…

Pelaut ituThat sailor

berlayar sails

pada malam hariin the night

Someone who have profession

Aku Tidak suka laki-laki perokok

Someone who has a habit

Laki-laki pemalas itu That lazy man

sedang tidur

is sleeping

Someone who has a character like the base word

Ibu Membeli Mesin pemotong rumput

An instrument which is used to…

KATA ULANG REPEATED WORD

Form Example

Kata ulang utuh Kasur-kasur

Kata ulang berimbuhan Dicari-cari

Kata ulang berubah bunyi Mondar-mandir

Kata ulang sebagian Lelaki------laki-laki

Kata ulang semu kupu=-kupu

THE MEANING OF REPEATED WORDMAKNA KATA ULANG

Kinds of words Meaning Example Noun / kata benda 1. bermacam-macam /various

2. meyerupai/similar with 3. Banyak/ many

1. Ibu membeli buah-buahan

2. Adikku suka mobil-mobilan/car toys

3. Dia membuang kasur-kasurnya/mattress

Verbs / kata kerja 1. The action is done many time/repeatendly

2. The action is still going on 3. Macam-macam

pekerjaan/many kinds of work

4. Saling membalas/have a response

1. Dia berteriak-teriak

2. Dia sedang melihat-lihat baju3. Ayah pintar masak-memasak

4. Mereka bersalam-salaman

Kata sifat/adjective 1. Menyatakan kepastian/showing certainty

2. Orang yang bersifat itu lebih dari satu / more than one person who has that characteristic

1. Warga kampung itu ramah-ramah/friendly

2. Adik saya cantik-cantik

Me- + base word (bentuk dasar)+ -kan

Imbuhan me – kan

Bentuk Dasar Kata kerja

Verb as the base word

Kata Kerja Verb

Meaning

Kirim / send Mengirimkan Do something for someone else

Contoh Ibu mengirim surat untuk Indah / Mother send letter for Indah.Ibu mengirimkan Indah surat.

Mati / turn of Mematikan To make something to become….

Contoh Ani mematikan lampu di kamar.Ani turned of the lamp in the room.

Lentera Unit 4, the fourth meeting of the second semester

Me- + base word (bentuk dasar)+ -kan

Imbuhan me – kan

Bentuk Dasar Kata sifat

adjective as the base word

Kata Kerja Verb

Meaning

Hitam Menghitamkan To make something to become….

Contoh Kitty menghitamkan rambutnya.Kitty made her hair black.

Me- + base word (bentuk dasar)+ -kan

Imbuhan me – kan

Bentuk Dasar Kata benda

noun as the base word

Kata Kerja Verb

Meaning

Buku Membukukan To make something to become….

Contoh Surya membukukan thesisnya.Surya made his thesis becoming a book.

Sekolah

Kotak

Menyekolahkan

Mengotakkan

To put into …

Contoh Tiwi menyekolahkan anaknya di SD Negeri 6 DenpasarMereka mengotakkan kue-kue itu

Me- + base word (bentuk dasar)+ -kan

Imbuhan me – kan

Bentuk Dasar Kata Bilangan

Kata Kerja Verb

Meaning

Satu Menyatukan To make something to become….

Contoh Rio menyatukan keluarganya.Rio united his family.

Me- + base word (bentuk dasar)+ -kan

Imbuhan me – kan

Bentuk Dasar Kata keterangan

Adverb as the base word

Kata Kerja Verb

Meaning

Sama menyamakan To make something to become….

Contoh Kami menyamakan pendapat.We made our opinion the same.

The sentence pattern me- + base word + -kan

Subject Predicate Object Keterangan

Anik Mematikan Lampu Di kamar

Kami Menyamakan

Pendapat

ke- + base word (bentuk dasar)+ -an

Imbuhan ke – an Bentuk Dasar Kata

kerjaVerb as the base

word

Kata Kerja Verb

Meaning

Tidur / sleep Ketiduran Unintentionaly

Contoh Candra ketiduran di sofa

Lihat Kelihatan Can be + V3 (seen)

Contoh Rumah kamu kelihatan dari sini.Your hause can be seen from here.

Datang Kedatangan something related to the base word

Contoh Aku sedang menunggu kedatangan anakku. I am waiting for the coming of my son.

ke- + base word (bentuk dasar)+ -an

Imbuhan ke – an Bentuk Dasar Kata

sifatadjective as the

base word

Kata Kerja Verb

Meaning

Dingin Kedinginan Unhappy condition

Contoh Aku kedinginan. I am chilled

Kecil Kekecilan ‘too/very’

Contoh Celanaku kekecilan.My throusers are too small

Marah Kemarahan something related to the base word

Contoh Aku tidak mau mendengar kemarahan ayahku.I don’t want to listen to my dad’s angry.

ke- + base word (bentuk dasar)+ -an

Imbuhan ke – an Bentuk Dasar Kata

benda noun as the base

word

Kata Kerja Verb

Meaning

Ibu Keibuan Characteristic like the base word

Contoh Wajah wanita itu keibuan.That woman face is matronly

Pulau /island Kepulauan Collection

Contoh Indonesia adalah negara kepulauan.

Raja / king Kerajaan place

Contoh Kerajaan Majapahit berkuasa di Jawa Tengah.Majapahit kingdom ruled in Jawa Tengah.

Lentera Unit 5, the fifth meeting of the second semester

Imbuhan me – i Bentuk Dasar Kata

KerjaVerb as the base

word

Kata Kerja Verb

Meaning

tulis menulisi Berulang-ulang Doing the action many times

Contoh Anak itu menulisi tembok rumahnya.That kid writes on his house’s wall. (for many time)

Duduk Menduduki Bentuk dasar + diBase word + in, on,

Pak Dedi duduk di kursi itu. Pak Dedi sits on that chair.Pak Dedi menduduki kursi itu.

Hadir Menghadiri

Imbuhan me – i Bentuk Dasar Kata

SifatAdjective as the base

word

Kata Kerja Verb

Meaning

Panas memanasi Berulang-ulang Doing the action many times

Contoh Dia memanasi kopi. (for many time)She hots up the coffee.

Suka Menyukai Bentuk dasar + pada/kepadaBase word + to something/someone

Contoh Ayah Sundari suka pada kopi dan pisang goreng.Ayah Sundari menyukai kopi dan pisang goreng.Ayah Sundari likes coffee dan pisang goreng.

Imbuhan me – i Bentuk Dasar Kata

BendaNoun as the base

word

Kata Kerja Verb

Meaning

Minyak Meminyaki Memberi Give

Contoh Ayah memberi minyak pada rambutnya.Ayah meminyaki rambutnya. Father gives oil to his hair.

Imbuhan me – i Bentuk Dasar Kata

Keterangan Adverb as the

base word

Kata Kerja Verb

Meaning

Sudah Menyudahi Membuat jadi…Make something to become….

Contoh Arman menyudahi rapat itu.Arman ends that meeting.

Verbs with me – i become predicate in the sentence

Imbuhan ber – an ber- + base word (bentuk dasar)+ -an

Bentuk Dasar Kata Kerja Verbs as the

base word

Kata Kerja Verb

Meaning

Pergi Bepergian Banyak/berulang-ulangMany times/repeatedly

Contoh Andika bepergian ke luar kota setiap akhir bulan. Andika travels out of the town every end of the month.

Peluk /hug Berpelukan Saling Each other

Contoh Mereka saling berpelukan.They are hugging each other

Imbuhan ber – an ber- + base word (bentuk dasar)+ -an

Bentuk Dasar Kata Sifat

adjective as the base word

Kata Kerja Verb

Meaning

Jauh/ far Berjauhan Saling Each other

Contoh Anak-anak itu tinggal berjauhan.That kids live far from each other.

Imbuhan ber – an ber- + base word (bentuk dasar)+ -an

Bentuk Dasar Kata benda

noun as the base word

Kata Kerja Verb

Meaning

Musuh / enemy Bermusuhan Saling Each other

Contoh Badu dan Dado bermusuhan. Badu and Dado are hostile.

The function of word with ber- an is to be a predicate in a sentence

Imbuhan ber – kan ber- + base word (bentuk dasar)+ -kan

Bentuk Dasar Kata kerja

verb as the base word

Kata Kerja Verb

Meaning

tulis /write Bertuliskan Berisi sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan kata dasarConsist of something related to the base word

Contoh Papan itu bertuliskan “Dilarang Merokok”That board inscribed with “ No Smoking”

Imbuhan ber – kan ber- + base word (bentuk dasar)+ -kan

Bentuk Dasar Kata benda

noun as the base word

Kata Kerja Verb

Meaning

Alas Beralaskan Menggunakan sesuatu sebagai… Use something as…

Contoh Kami tidur beralaskan karpet. We sleep using carpet as a layer.

Istri beristrikan Memiliki seseorang sebagai…Having someone as…

Dokter itu beristrikan penulis.That doctor has a wife who is a writer.

Lentera Unit 6, the sixth meeting of the second semester

PENANDA KALA Time Signal

MASA LAMPAU PAST

MASA KINI PRESENT

MASA DEPAN PAST

Kami sudah belajar memukul bola.We had learned to hit the ball.

Kami sedang belajar melempar bola.We are learning to throw the ball.

Kami akan belajar menangkap bola. We will learn to catch the ball.

Kami pernah belajar memukul bolaWe had ever learned to hit the ball.

Kami masih belajar melempar bola. We are still learning to throw the ball.

Penanda kala Contoh

Masa kini/present Rina sedang berada di rumah sakit. Rina is in the hospital.

Masa depan/future Rina akan pergi ke rumah sakit. Rina will go to the hospital.

Masa lampau/past Rina sudah/telah pergi ke rumah sakit. Rina had gone to the hospital.

Time signal can be used together with adverb of time (tadi pagi, kemarin, sekarang, nanti sore, nanti malam, besok pagi)

Penanda kala Contoh

Masa kini/present Sekarang Rina sedang berada di rumah sakit. Now Rina is in the hospital.

Masa depan/future Nanti malam Rina akan pergi ke rumah sakit. Rina will go to the hospital tonight.

Masa lampau/past Tadi pagi Rina sudah/telah pergi ke rumah sakit. Rina had gone to the hospital this morning.

KALIMAT MAJEMUK Compound Sentence

KALIMAT TUNGGAL

1. Ibu membeli 1 kilo buah naga.

2. Ibu membuat jus buah naga.

KALIMAT MAJEMUK

1. Ibu membeli 1 kilo buah naga kemudian/lalu dia membuat jus buah naga.

Mother bought 1 kilo of dragon fruit then made dragon fruit juice.

Conjunctions kemudian and lalu are used to show a series of action in a compound sentence.

1. Anda bisa memakai baju merah.

2. Anda bisa memakai baju biru.

Anda bisa memakai baju merah atau biru. You can wear red clothes or blue clothes.

KALIMAT TUNGGAL KALIMAT MAJEMUK

Conjunction atau is used to show a choice in a compound sentence.

Dia menjemputku di pagi hari.

Dia mengantarku pulang di sore hari.

Dia menjemputku di pagi hari dan mengantarku pulang di sore hari.

He picks me up in the morning and takes me home in the afternoon.

KALIMAT TUNGGAL KALIMAT MAJEMUK

Conjunction dan is used to show a composite actions in a compound sentence.

Epik menyukai tari Bali.

Iwan menyukai tari Jawa.

Epik menyukai tari Bali, tetapi Iwan menyukai tari Jawa.

Epik likes Balinese dance, but Iwan likes Javanese dance.

Ibu itu tinggal di Tabanan, sedangkan/whereas anaknya tinggal di Denpasar.

KALIMAT TUNGGAL KALIMAT MAJEMUK

Conjunctions tetapi and sedangkan are used to show a contrasting information in a compound sentence.

Kemudian Atau Tetapi