tatiane gorski - characterization of different front cravls used in triathletes

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Characterization of Different Front Characterization of Different Front Crawl Variations Used by Crawl Variations Used by Crawl Variations Used by Crawl Variations Used by

Triathletes Triathletes

Tatiane GorskiTatiane Gorski11, Pedro Figueiredo, Pedro Figueiredo22

1: Competence 1: Competence CenterCenter for Systems Physiology and Metabolic Diseases Zurich for Systems Physiology and Metabolic Diseases Zurich 1: Competence 1: Competence CenterCenter for Systems Physiology and Metabolic Diseases, Zurich, for Systems Physiology and Metabolic Diseases, Zurich, Switzerland; 2: Higher Education Institute of Maia (ISMAI), Maia, Portugal.Switzerland; 2: Higher Education Institute of Maia (ISMAI), Maia, Portugal.

TriathlonIntroduction

Cumulative effects of 3 disciplines and interference(Peeling & Landers, 2009)

Effect of cycling on running (Distribution of) Intensity(Suriano et al., 2007; Bonacci et al., 2011; Etxebarria et al., 2013)

Cadence(Bernard et al 2003; Vercruyssen et al 2005)(Bernard et al., 2003; Vercruyssen et al., 2005)

Nutritional strategies(McGawley, Shannon & Betts, 2012)

Cycle frame ergonomics(Garside & Doran, 2000; Silder, Gleason & Thelen, 2011; Bisi et al., 2012)

Drafting(Vercruyssen et al., 2002)

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Swimming in TriathlonIntroduction

Low correlation swimming time x total time(Dengel et al., 1989)

Swimming intensity cycling performance(Peeling, Bishop & Landers, 2005)

Swimming position final position (bestathletes faster at early stages)athletes faster at early stages)

Inferior swimming performance effortduring cyclingrunning performance

(Vleck, Bürgi & Bentley, 2006)


Different technical abilities, wetsuit, drafting,specific strategy and preparation for theswimming‐cycling transition (Bentley et al., 2002;Millet & Vleck, 2010)

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Delextrat et al., 2003

Pelling & Landers, 2007



Aim: comparing biomechanical and coordinative parameters of different front‐crawl variations

used in triathlon races.


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Participants / ProtocolMethods

8 male triathletes (19.8 ± 1.9 years, 65.8 ± 4.3 kg, 1.78 ± 0.03 m)

6 x 25‐m maximal tests (pause = 5 min)

In apnea (CR)

Breathing to the right side (CR_R)

Breathing to the left side (CR_L)

With the head out of the water (HO)

HO breathing to the right side (HO_R)

HO breathing to the left side (HO_L)

Data collectionMethods

Two cameras (frontal/lateral, under the water)

Digitization of 18 anatomical landmarks

2D reconstruction

Mass center Index ofMass centervelocity (v)

Strokelength (SL)

Strokefrequency(S

F)

Index ofcoordination

(IdC)

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Index of Coordination (Chollet et al., 2000)Methods

Upper‐limbs coordination

Time between propulsive and non‐propulsive phases

Entry and catch

Pull

Push

Under the water

Recovery

IdC = time lag between propulsion of the two arms

% of total stroke cycle

Out of the water

0: opposition

<0: “catch‐up”

>0: superposition

VideosMethods

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StatisticsMethods

Repeated‐measures ANOVA

Bonferroni post‐hoc

P<0.05

Stata (10.1)Stata ( 0. )

Characterization of front‐crawl variations

Results

CR CR_R CR_L HO HO_R HO_L

V (m*s‐1) 1.60± 0.10

1.57 ± 0.12

1.56± 0.12

1.48 ± 0.12ab

1.48 ±0.13a

1.53± 0.16

SL (m) 2.14± 0.13

2.11 ± 0.08

2.23± 0.14

1.69 ± 0.08a,b,c

2.19± 0.21d

2.25 ± 0.08bd

SF (Hz) 0.76± 0.08

0.76 ± 0.08

0.70 ± 0.07

0.87 ± 0.08abc

0.69 ± 0.06a,b,d

0.68± 0.7a,b,d

IdC (%) ‐10.2 ± 3.6

‐10.8±3.6

‐13.3±3.5

‐10.6±6.7

‐11.0±5.5

‐13.9±1.9

a,b,c,d Significantly different from CR, CR_R, CR_L, and POLO, respectively (p<0.05).

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Head under vs. out of waterDiscussion

Differences in v, SL and SF = water polo players(Zamparo & Falco, 2010)

In HO:SLSF

~ water polo players (Zamparo & Falco, 2010; de Jesus et al., 2012)

Not sufficient to reach CR v.

Breathing patternsDiscussion

Head under the water: no differences

Specific training

Open water swimming: breathing frequently

Head out of the water: differences!Head out of the water: differences!

Head rotation

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Index of CoordinationDiscussion

> swimmers (Alberty et al., 2005)/ < water polo players (de Jesus et al., 2012)

No differences between technical variations

≠ Swimmers (Seifert et al., 2008)

Specialization + training specificity Specialization + training specificity

Longer distances

Swimmers:IdC over 200 m (Alberty et al., 2005)

Triathletes: Effect of velocity (Millet et al., 2002; Chollet et al., 2003)

Conclusion

Differences in biomechanical, but not incoordinative parameters

HO:SF compensatingSL

Breathing patterns affecting HOBreathing patterns affecting HOswimming, but not front‐crawl

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Practical Application

Training all technical variations used duringcompetition

“Swimming technique should be the groundworkin the multi‐year planning AND should bef d i h i i i ”focussed on in each training session” (Olbrecht, 2011)

Technical improvementperformance

Thank you!

[email protected]

tatiane gorski - characterization of different front cravls used in triathletes

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