tax time is the time to save
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Tax Time is the Time to SaveAsset Funders Network webinarNovember 12, 2009
David Marzahl, Executive Director
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MissionThe Center for Economic Progress helps hard-working, low-income families
move from financial uncertainty to financial security.
•We provide trusted tax and financial counseling, giving Illinois families the
tools to make sound choices.
•We lead a national coalition of organizations that promote economic
progress for low-wage workers and their families.
•We advance policies and practices to create a financial system that works
for all.
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Vision
The Center for Economic Progress envisions an America of
shared prosperity, where all working families can access the
financial opportunities they need to succeed.
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What needs to change for our vision to become reality?
•Individual behaviors
•The marketplace
•Public policies
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2008 Filing SeasonAll
taxpayersLow-
income1
Moderate-income2
Federal returns filed 143 million 59 million 35 million
Returns with a refund 108 million 48 million 28 million
Refund amount $268 billion $77 billion $63 billion
Average refund $2,500 $1,600 $2,200
Source: Internal Revenue Service, Tax Stats: Table 3.3 All Returns: Tax Liability, Tax Credits, and Tax Payments, by Size of Adjusted Gross Income, Tax Year 2007.1. Low-income: Adjusted gross income less than $25,0002. Moderate-income: Adjusted gross income between $25,000 and $50,000
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Operating Framework
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Center for Economic Progress: 2009 Results
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National Partners United Way of America
National Disability Institute
City of New York
Internal Revenue Service
VITA Programs Empire Justice Center, NY
AccountAbility Minnesota, MN
United Way of the Bay Area, CA
City of San Antonio, TX
The National Community Tax Coalition (NCTC) is a network of over 600 organizations, representing the community-VITA field. Our mission is to broaden the reach and impact of community-based tax and financial services, while being a strong voice in Washington, DC for low-wage workers and low-income families.
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Community Tax Preparation:2009 Results
• 1.2 million returns prepared
• Tax refunds of $1.6 billion
• Average refund of $1,300
• Saved clients $220 million in return preparation costs
• Half of community tax preparation clients use direct deposit
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How do NCTC affiliates change behavior and move the marketplace?
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• Direct deposit and split
refunds
• Prepaid debit cards offered
through bank partners
• Low-cost bank products
available onsite
• Relationships with credit
unions and banks
Draw un-banked and under-banked
clients into the marketplace
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• Savings messages at tax time
• Alternative RALs1 and other
short-term loans
• Credit counseling and credit
reporting
• Financial coaching and
financial education
Encourage clients to think
about their finances
1. RAL stands for refund anticipation loans, which are one- to two-week loans secured by taxpayers’ expected refunds.
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• Savings products available
onsite (savings accounts,
savings bonds and CDs)
• Matched savings programs
(IDAs and CDs)
• Access to the Saver’s Credit
(federal savings match)
Offer financial products
and savings incentives
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Moving from Practice to Scale
• Community tax preparation programs are an incubator for ideas
and for testing new approaches
• Ideas may be brought to scale by:
o Federal, state, and local government
o Private sector
o Nonprofit sector
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Financial Opportunities Project (FOP)
Comprehensive effort to identify, implement, and disseminate strategies
for integrating financial services and income tax preparation services at
community-based tax sites.
•Phase I (2007): Understand Asset Building at tax sites
•Phase II (2008): Test and Evaluate Asset Building Delivery System
(ABDS) at two CEP tax sites
•Phase III (2009): Rollout ABDS at 3 free tax preparation programs:
CASH Rochester (Rochester, NY); Campaign for Working Families
(Philadelphia, PA); and Accounting Aid Society (Detroit, MI)
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FOP Findings
• Need simple and targeted savings messages for:
o Unbanked clients
o New savers
o Longer-term savers
o Non-savers who need counseling or other help
• Asset-building messages and promotion should be embedded
throughout the entire tax preparation experience
• Volunteer training and easy-to-use systems are critical to engaging
volunteers in the asset-building process
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U.S. Savings Bonds
•Partnership between the D2D Fund and NCTC affiliates
•U.S. I Bonds offered at tax sites in 2007, 2008, and 2009
•In 2010, savings bonds will be back on the tax return
Source: D2D Fund, "Yes We Can: Inclusive Saving at Tax Time," 2009, http://d2dfund.org/system/files/publications/D2D_Yes+We+Can+Report4_070809_FINALFINAL.pdf
2009 pilot reached 67 tax sites in 19 states
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U.S. Savings Bonds Pilot Results
2007 2008 2009
Average AGI of bond purchasers - $19,299 $21,528
Tax Sites 4 32 67
Clients purchasing bonds 231 1,086 1,708
Amount invested $42,800 $202,550 $379,176
Average amount saved per purchaser
$185 $187 $222
Source: D2D Fund, "Yes We Can: Inclusive Saving at Tax Time," 2009, http://d2dfund.org/system/files/publications/D2D_Yes+We+Can+Report4_070809_FINALFINAL.pdf
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$aveNYC Account Pilot Program• Clients must direct deposit at least $100 into a savings
account
• 50% match (up to $250), if clients save for at least 1 year
• No ATM or debit card issued
• Accounts offered 1-2 % interest
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$aveNYC Account Pilot Program2008 2009
Accounts opened 151 944
Total savings $58,489 $359,586
Average savings $387 $381
Participation rate (direct deposit users) 10% 18%
Source: Brazil, Caitlyn and Janneke Ratcliffe, “Innovations in Savings: the $aveNYC Account,” New York City Department of Consumer Affairs, Office of Financial Empowerment and University of North Carolina Center for Community Capital, Presentation for Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management 2009 Fall Research Conference, November 7, 2009.
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Behavioral Insights•Take-up rates are highest for women with children
•Reasons for saving
o Savings bonds: education (62%)
o $aveNYC: emergencies (69%)
•First-time savers
o Savings bonds: 83% had under $1,000
o $aveNYC: 63% had under $500
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What made the Savings Bond Pilot and $aveNYC successful?
•Strong leadership
•Philanthropic support
•Pilot design and evaluation
•Community-based delivery platform
•Corporate infrastructure
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What’s on the Horizon?•Harnessing behavioral economic research
o Commitment devices
o Channel factors
•Federal policy changes
o Opt-out direct deposit of tax refunds
o Refundable Saver’s Credit
•State and local policy innovations
o San Francisco: Workplace initiative to connect workers with direct deposit or stored value cards
o San Antonio: Integrate personal investment and financial education as a mandatory component of services
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What are the keys to future success?•Partnerships between nonprofits and financial institutions
•Support from Treasury and the IRS
•State and local governments (where applicable)
•Investment in innovative nonprofits
•Willingness and ability to take most promising approaches to scale
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David Marzahl
(312) 630-0280
Center for Economic Progress
www.economicprogress.org
National Community Tax Coalition
www.tax-coalition.org