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Taxonomic studies on tetranychoid mitesinfesting vegetable and fruit crops inDelhi and surrounding areasO.A. Nassar a b & Swaraj Ghai aa Division of Entomology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, NewDelhi, 1100l2, Indiab Faculty of Agriculture, Division of Entomology, MansouraUniversity, Mansoura, Egypt

To cite this article: O.A. Nassar & Swaraj Ghai (1981) Taxonomic studies on tetranychoid mitesinfesting vegetable and fruit crops in Delhi and surrounding areas, Oriental Insects, 15:4, 333-396,DOI: 10.1080/00305316.1981.10434337

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Vol. 15 (4) : 333-396 ORIENTAL INSECTS October-December 1981

TAXONOl\IIC STUDIES ON TETRANYCIIOID l\IITES INFESTING VEGETABLE AND FRUIT CROPS IN DELlII

AND SURROUNDING AREASl

O.A. Nassarl and Swaraj Gilal Division 0/ Entomology, Indian Agricultural Research Institllte,

New Delhi lJOOl2. Illdia

AnSTRACT. Taxonomic studies undertaken on tetranychold mites associated with vegetablo and fruit crops growing in Delhi and surrounding areas revealed the occurrence of 40 species belonging to the families Tetranychidae and Tenuipa. Ipidae. Out of these 11 species. viz. Elitetranyclllll maxilflae. E.pilaseoli,£. bilobatul, E. caricae, E. nogal, EotetranycllllJ roMlae, E. Irrtgularensls, E, rajourlensll, Telran­,ellUS a/rindiclII, T. zaherl and T. papayae belonging to the family Tetranychidae and 2 species, viz. Terminallcl,ul serratllS and Tenilipalpill ),ollseji belonging to the family Tenuipll.lpidae are new to science. Six species bClonging to 4 genera, namely Euletranyclllll, Schizoltlranyc/llls, Oligonycllus and Tetranyclllll, known from elsewhere are recorded for the first time from this country. The new species arc fully described with adequate illustrations a.nd affinities with related species. Keys to distinguish the genera and species (including already known species from India) asso~iated with vegetable and fruit crops arc also given, followed by a brief discussion on the systematic position or some of the genera and subgenera.

INTRODUCTION

The value of vegetables and fruits as a regular constituent of human diet has been recognized aU over the world. These nre essential sources of minerals, vitamins and other chemical substances which are needed by the human body to maintain proper health and resistance to diseases, particularly in India where the vegetarianism has been a way of lire since the early days of history. With the increase in population, it has become a necessity to improve the production of vegetables and fruits. But this tremendous task is constrained largely due to the damage done by vatious organisms, whic~ also include phytophagous mites belonging to the families Tctranychidae and Tcnuipalpidae.

Members of both the families are plant feeders of considerable economic importance. attacking almost all the major vegetable and fruit crops. They usually feed on the leaves injuring the epiden:nis and resulting in blotching, stippling or bronzing and sometimes even accompanied by leaf fall. However, some species arc known to feed on the bark, floral heads or under the leaf sheaths of

published Mard, 1982

IPart or the thesis of senior author approved for the award ot Ph. D. degree. tllresent address: Mansoura University. Faculty of Agriculture, Division of

En'omolo~)'. M{lnso\lra, [gypt.

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grasses, nnd the most specialized members even form galls within which they feed. Some species are host specific but majority are polyphagous 'and have a "ide range of hosts. A number of thcm have bcen found to be serious pests of vegetable and fruit crops, causing enormous reduction in the yield. In spite of the great economic importance, so far no studies have been carried out on the mites associated with vegetable and fruit crops in India. Uptill now only 35 species are known to be associated with these crops.

It is a well known fact that a pest species should be identified accurately before the control measurcs arc recommended. This applies not only to insects but also to the mites. Therefore, an attempt has been made to study the tetra­nychoid mites associated with vegetable and fruit crops growing in Delhi and surrounding arcas. These studics have revcaled the occurrence of 40 species of mites belonging to the families Tctranychidac and Tenuipalpidae. of these 13 spccies arc ncw to science and 6 are ncw records from India. Besides this, many host plants arc new rccords for some of the specics from the world. Out of'::O specics studied, 30 fall under the family Tctranychidae. They belong to 6 gencra namely Tclrall),chilla Danks, Eutclranyc/ms Danks, Sclti:olclrallyc1ms Tragardh, EOIC'lrall),c1ms Oudema'ns. Oligo nYc/ills Bcrlese' and Telranyclllls Dufour; and 10 species under the family Tenuipalpidac belonging to 3 gcnc'ra namely Ttrmillalichlls Anwarullah and Khan, TClluipafplls Donnadieu and Brcvipalpus Donnadicu.

All types will be deposited in the National Pusa Collection (refeo-ed to as NrC in the text), Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.

Keys for distinguishing the 7 genera and 62 species, which also include known genera and species from India associated with vegetable and fruit crops, nrc given.

Family TIlTRANYClllDAE Donnadieu

TETRANYCID£S Donnndieu, 1875, Recherches pour servlr a l'hlstoirc des Tetrany­ques, p. 9.

TETR"NYClIIDAE Murray, 1877, Economic Entomology, Aptera. p. 97: Pritchard and Daker, 1955. Paclf. Csi. Enl. Soc.'Mem .• 1 : 4: Tuttlo and Baker. 1968. Tucson Ariz. Univ. Press I: Meyer. 1974, Entomology Mfm: Dtp. Agrlc. Tech. S6rv. Rtpllb. S. A/r .• 36 : 2.

Concepts or the family Tetranychidae have undergone considerable changes since the group was given the suprageneric name Tetranycides by Do~nadieu in 1875 and raised to family status by Murray in 1877. -Earlier only two genera Telran),clius Dufour and Bryobia Koch were recognized under this family. At that time even predacious mites properly belonging to several families of rrostigmatn were considercd under the genus Tetrallyclllls. Not only this. even the eriophyid mites were taken as immature stagcs of .this group. As the taxonomic studies of this family advanced, thcse ~cnera were removecl an~ more genera were discovered.

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In the present study the following concept has been used for this family based on the works of Pritchard and Baker (1955), Tuttle and Baker (1968) and Meyer (J 974).

Members of the family Tetranychidae can be recognized by the presence of two pairs of intimately associated setae, namely the duplex setae on tarsi I and II and sometImes on tibiae I and II or else trasi I and I I may each bear one pair of loosely associated setae; the movable c11clae which arc long rccurv­cd and whip-like, are set in the stylophore formed by the basal segments of the chelicerae; the fourth palpal segment or pllpll tibia is provided with a strong claw which forms 11. "thumb-claw-complex" with the paJptarsus; normal­ly dorsum is striated and striae with lobes, having 3 pairs of propodosomal, 4 pairs of marginal, 5 pairs of dorsal and one pair of humeml setae. The setae may shift, drop out or extra pairs may be added; the type of striation pattern on the dorsum of female hysterosoma and the presence and types of lobes on the female striae are very important - for specific identification; the genitalia of the female are characteristically wrinkled; the aedeagus of the male is also cha­'racteristic of the family and is very important for species separation.

Thirty species reported here belong to 6 genera namely Telranychina Danks, Etllelranycnus Danks, Schizolelranyclltls Tragardh, Eotelrallyclms Oudcmans, Ollgon)'c/zus Berlese and Tetranychus Dufour. these are separable by the follo­wing key, which also includes all known Indian genera reported on, vegetable and fruit crops based on the adults.

KEY TO TilE INDfAN GENERA OF TETRANYCIIIDAE

1. Empodium without tenent hairs or empodium absent; female with onc or two pairs of anal setae ana male with 4 pairs of genitoanal setae: some or all dorsal setae on tubercles, or all dorsa1.setae not on tubercles . • • • • • . . . 2

Empodium with tenent hairs: female with 3 pairs 'of anal setae and male with 5 pairs of genitoanal setae; some or atl dorsal body setae on tubercles • • . • ., · • . . • . . . . . • ; Tetranychlna Danks

2. Tarsi I and 11 with characteristic duplex setae. . : . • . • . . • • 3 Tarsi I anJ II without characteristic duplex setae . • • '. Eutetranycbus Banks

3. Hyslerosoma with 4th pair or dorsocentral setae in a marginal position • . . · • . . • . .. TcnulpalpoJl),chus ChannaDasavanna and Lakkundi

Uysterosoma with 4th pair of dorsocentral setae in normal dorsal position. • 4 4. Yentcr with two pairs of para·anal setae . . • • . • . • • 5

Venter with ope pair of para-anal setae • • . . . .'. . . 6 5. Empodium strong, Claw-like, bifid and usually with appendant hairs • • • .,

· • • • . . • . . . • . . . . . . Schizotdran),chus Tragardh Empodium with three pairs of ~entrallY directed hairs except for leg I and some­

time leg II of male • • • . • • • . . • • Eotctranychus Oudemans 6. Empodium claw·like with short proximoventral bairs; duplex setae on tarsus I

distal and approximate • • . • • .. • • • • . Oligon),chus Derlcse Empodium split distally into tuft of balrs; duple" setae 011 tarsus I separating tarsus

into three more or less equal segments.. . • • .'. • Tetranychus DUrO'Jf

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1. Genus Tdranycbina Danks

Ttlranychina Danks, 1911, E",. News., 18 : 195; McGregor, ,1950, Am. Midi. Nal., 40 (2) : 360: Meyer, 1914, Enlomology Mtm. Dep. Agric. T~c/', Serv. R~pub. S. AIr., 36 : 131.

Ptlrobia (Ttiranyc/,Ina): Wainstein, 1960, Kazakh. Akad. Sel'sk. nauk, Nauch. Iss/td. Inst. Zasl,. Rast. Trudy, 5 : 136-131; Tuttle and Baker, 1968, Tucson Ariz. Univ. Press: 72.

Propodosoma with 3 pairs of setae; hysterosoma with 10 pairs of setae; some or all hysterosomal setae on prominent tubercles; true claws pad·like and ea~h provided with one pair of tenent hairs; empodia uncinate and eac~ bearing two rows of ventrally directed tencnt hairs; pcritrcmes hooked distally, ending sim­ply or branched.

Type·speeies : Telran),china apicalis Danks.

There is no record of this genus being associated with vegetabie and fruit crops in India. During this work'authors were able to collect one species on radish, already known to Infest Oxalis cornictllata, O. pilosa and Crotalarja anag­yroldes in India.

1. Tctranychina barti (Ewing)

Ntopllyllobills IIarli Ewing, 1909, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 35 : 405. Petrobia "arti : Pritchard and Baker, 1955, Padf. Cst. Ent. Soc. Mem., 1 :, 45-46:

Reck, 1959, Fauna Trans. Callcas/a-Acad. Nauk. Gruz;nsk S.S.R., 1 : 101; Ehara, 1959, J. Foe. Sci. 1I0kkaido Univ. (Sfr. 6) Zool., 14 (2) : 192·195: Meyer and Rykc, 1959a, J. Ent. Soc. Sth. AIr., 22 (2) : 359-361; Baker and Pritchard, 1960, IlI/gardia,19 (11) : 458.

Petrobia (TetranycMlla) "ortl : Wainstcin, 1960; Kazak". Akad. Sel'sk nauk. Naucl,. luled. Inst. Zae/,. RaSI. Trudy., S: 136-137; Tuttle and Baker, 1968, Tucson Ariz. Univ. Press: 72.

Tetranycllina "artl : Danks. 1911, Ent. News, 18 : 195; McGregor, 1950, Am. Medl. Nat., 44 (2) 363: Meyer, 1974, Entomology Altn,. Dep. Agrlc. Teel,. Servo R~pub. S. AIr., 36 : 131. "

This species occurs throughout the world on Oxalis spp. Several female and male specimens were collected on leaves of Raphanlls sat/vlls from Indian Agricultural Research Institute campus in February, 1979. This is new host record from the world.

2. Genus Eutctranycbus Danks

Neot~{l'on)'c"us (£Ulelrallyc/luJ) Danks, 1917, Ent. News, 28 : J91. EulelranJ'cllul : McGregor 1950, Am. Alldl. Nat., 40 (2): 267; Pritchard and Baker,

1955, Padf. Cst. Enl. Soc. Mm,., 2 : 11 J; Meyer and Rykc,1959a, J. Ent. Soc. SI/,. A/r, , 21 (2) :352; Daker ana Pritchard,'1960,IIi1gardia, 29, 01) : 460: Wainsteln 1960, Kozak". Acad. Sel'sk "auk. Nauc11.lssltd.lnst. Zasl,. Rast. Trudy., 5: 226-227; Tuttle, and Baker. 1968. Tucson Ariz. Uni~. Press: 82; Meyer, 1974, Entomology Mem. Dtp. Agric. Ted,. Servo Rt'pub. S. A/r.,36: 136.

Empodium rudimentary consisting of only a small rounded knob; tarsi 1 and II devoid of the characteristic duplex setae; tarsus I dorsally with a pair

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ofJooseJy associated setae, probably homologous with onc of the pairs of du­plex setae, however the alveoli .of these setae not coalescent; hysterosoma bea­ring a characteristic pore caudolaterad of the first dorsolateral seta; female with two pairs of anal and two pairs of para-anal setae.

Type-species: Tetranychus banks; McGregor

This genus was reported from India as early as in 1940 by Rahman and Sapm under the name Anychus rfeinl, which was later synonymised with Eutt­amyc"u! banks; (McGregor) by Pritchard- and Baker (1955). Further studies by Daker and Pritchard (1960) on Indian collections indicated that it was E. orlen­talis (Klein) not E. banksl. Till now only 3 species, namely E. bredinl Baker and Pritchard, E. africanus (Tucker) and E. orienlalis (Klein) are reported from India under. this genus, all three being associated with vegetable and fruit crops. However, tb/e present, study has revealed that E. orlenlalis is not a single species but a complex. The collections on fruits and vegetables in Delhi and its surro­unding areas yielded 8 species,of which S are new to science and one new record. They can be distinguished by the fonowing key, which also includes known species based on the adult females.

KEY TO THE INDIAN SPECIES OF EUTETRANYCHUS DANKS

1. Striae forming V pattern between second and third pair of dorsocentral hystero-somal setae . . . . fI • • • • • • • • • • • • • .. • 1

Striae 'longitudinal between second and third pair of dorsocentral bysterosomal setae II • • • • • • • • • • • .. • • .. • • • • • • 4

2. Dorsocentral hysterosomal setae1retatively much longer. reaching to the bases of setae next behind; third pair even going beyond the baSes of fourth pair • . •

• • • 0 • • • • 0 • • • 0 • 0 • • • . ' maxlmae, sp. noV. Dorsocentral hysterosomal sctao vcry short, not ~rcaching to tho bases of setae

next behind" . . . . , .~ . . . . . . . . . . . • . . 3 3. Propodosomal mediodorsal striae witb less developed lobes, third pair of dorsola~

terat setae tapering; third and fourtb dorsocentral hysterosomal setae (ormlng a rectangle . • . . • • • 0 0 0 0 • • • 0 • • phaseoU, spo nov.

Propodosomal mediodorsal striae with well developed lobes; third pair of dorsola­teral setae similar to other lateral setae, third and fourth dorsoccntral hystero-somal setae forming a square • • • . • • 0 • • • ortentall! (Klein)

4. Propodosoma with mediodorsal striae anastomosing • • • • • •• 5 Propodosoma with mediodorsal striae not anastomosing ••••••• 6

S. Dorsal setae set on ISmail tubercles, dorsa.l body setae slender. sliahtly enlaraed distally • • • '. • . • • • '" • • • brtdlnl Baker and Pritchard

Dorsal setae set on strong tubercles, dorsal body setae stender, serrate and ta.pe-ring • . . . . 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • arrlcanus (Tucker)

• 6. Peritreme ending in simple bulb; loogitudinalstriac starting at tbe bases or second

pair of dorsocentrat bysterosomat setae • • • • • • • . • • . • 7 Perltreme ending in bilobed bulb~ • longitudinal striae starting behind thO' bases or

second dorsocentral h),sterosomat setae . • . • • • • bllobatus, sp. nov. 7. TibIa II with S ta.ctile set~e • • • • • . . • • • • 8

Tibia II with G tactile setae • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 9

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£utetl'onyehus ~ 51) nov female

Fig. 1. Eutttran),clllll max/mae, .p. nov. female: A, Dorsal side; B. Ventral side: C. Palptarsus; D. Associated setae on tarsus II; E. Associated setae on tarsus Ii F, Dorsoccntral seta.

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8. All the dorsoccntrals, humerals and third pair of propodosomals sctac not set on tubercles • • '. • • . • • • • • . • • • . • . tUrl Attlah

All the setae on the Idiosoma set on tubercles • • . •. • . carlene, II'. nov. 9. First pair of dorsolateral setae situated anterior to a'rst pair of d6rsocentrai setae

. . . • . • .'. . • • . . • . • . • . • nogal, ap. nov. First pair of dorsolateral setae situated 'at the level of first pair of dorsocentral

setae • . • . • • . . . . . . . . • . • • anneckel Meyer

2. Eutetranychus maximae, sp. nov. (Fig. 1)

Female: Dimensions of holotype : length of body (including gnathosoma) 448 I', length of body (excluding gnathosoma) 345 1', breadth 321 ft.

Dorsum: Three pairs of propodosomal and 10 pairs of hysterosQmal setae set on strong tubercles on dorsu.m; all dorsal setae long, serrate and mostly rod· like except third propodosrlmals, humerals, second and third pair of dor .. soI'ateral setae 'mostly tapering; dorsal setae varying in length; dorsocentral hysterosomals very long and reaching the bases of setae next behind; first pair of dorsocentral and dorsolateral setae situated anterior to humerals, third pair, of dorsoc;entrals extending behind the bases of fourth pair and both forming rectangle. Propodosoma having longitudinal striae with a strong lobes; striae between second and third pair of dorsocentral hysterosomals forming a V-pat .. tern, hysterosomal striae provided with faint lobes.

Gnathosoma: Stylophore rounded anteriorly and indentate~ terminal sensil­lum on the palptarsus about 3 times as long broad, dorsal sensilIum about 0.33 the length of terminal sensilIum, peritreme simple.

Legs: Counts of the setae and solenidia (in parentheses) on the leg segments as follows : coxae 2-1-1-1; femora 8·6-3-1; genua 5-5-2-2; tibiae 9 (1)·6-5-7; tarsis 15(2)-13 (2)-10 (1) -9 (I); solenidion of loosely associated setae on tarsus I about one third the length of tactile seta, while tactile seta on tarsus II about two third the, length of s<;>lenidion; legs segments with transverse striation, measuring 362 ft, 3101', 310 I' and 352 I' in length from I-IV respectively.

Venter: Striated, striations simple, running in different directions; ventral setae 3 pairs, simple. Genital area' with one pair of prc-genital, 2 pairs of genital, 2 pairs of anal and 2 pairs of para·anal setae; all setae simple.

Male: Not known.

I1olotype " !?, on slide marked and Patatypes : 3W (on another slide). NEW DELIII : fARI campus, x.l979, ex leaves of Cucurbi/amax{ma, Nassar ColI. (NPC).

Remarks: This species is close to E· orientalis (Klein) but differs in having, irregular V-shaped pattern between second and third pair of dorsocentral hysterosomats, dorsal setae long and mostly rod-like and also differs in chaeto­taxy of legs.

Field recognition: This species is dark green in colour.

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• ~ \I!tl!:!l~ ~~!e.Q!1 ~ nO\l femole

Fla' %. Euftiranyclllll pTlOstolf. $(). nov. female: A. Dorsal side; B. Ventral side; C. Palptarsus: D. Associated setae on tarsus If; E, Oorsocentral scla; F, Assoclatcd aclac on tarsul I.

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3. EutetranycllUs pllaseoli, sp. nov. (Fig. 2,3)

Female: Dimensions of hOlotype : length of body (including gnatho$oma) 462 f4; length of body (excludi~g gnathosoma) 362 1-'; breadth 276 JL.

Dorsum: Three pairs of propodosomal and 10 pairs of hysterosomal setae set on prominent tubercles on the dorsum, all setae strongly scrrate and varying in length, dorsocentral hysterosomal setae short, much less than the intervals between them and subspatuJate while dorsolateral hysterosomals long and subspatulate except first pair of propodosomaJs and third pair of dorsolaterals long and tapering; first pair of dorsolateral hysterosomals situated anterior to first pair of dorsocentrals and humeral setae;frrst pair of dorsocentral hysteroso­mals equal in length to fourth pair of dorsocentral hysterosomals and both tonger than second and third pairs of dorsocentral hystcrosomal setae; third pair of dorsoc~ntral hysterosomals forming rectangle <with fourth pair of dorsocentral hysterosomals. Propodosoma having longitudinal striae provided with- weak lobes; striae between the second and third pair of dorsocentral hysterosomal setae forming a V-pattern, hysterosomal striae bearing weak lobes.

Gnathosoma. : Stylophore strongly incised anteriorly: terminal sensillum on palptarsus about 3 times as long as broad, dorsal sensillum about 0.33 the length of terminal sensillum; peritreme simple.

Legs: Counts of setae and solenidia (in parentheses) on leg segments as follows: coxae 2-1-1-1; femora 8 .. 7 .. 3-1; genua 5-5-2-2; tibiae 9 (1)-6-6-1; tarsi 15 (3)-13 (2)-10 (1)-10; solenidion of the loosely associated setae on tarsus I nearly 0.67 the length ot' proximal tactile seta and solenidion on tarsus II equal in length to tactile seta; tess segments with transverse striation measuring 377 I", 310,...,276" and 362,... in length from I·IV respectively.

Ventcr : Venter striated, striation simple, running in different directions; ventral setae 3 pairs. simple. Genital area with one pair of pre-genital, 2 pairs ofgenital, 2 pairs of anal and 2 pairs C?f para-anal setae; aU setae simple.

AI ale: Dimensions: length of body (including gnathosoma) 369 14; length of body (excluding gnathosoma) 283 1'; breadth 214 p..

Dorsal sctae shorter than those of female and set on small tubercles. Genital area with one pair of pre-genital and 4 pairs of genitoanal setae. Terminal sensilIum about 2.S times as long as broad and slightly shorter than dorsal sensillum. Chaetotaxy of legs as follows: coxae 2-1-1-1; femora 8-7·5·1; genua 5-5·2·2; tibiae 9 (3)-6 (1)-6-7; tarsi 15 (2)-13 (2)-10 (1)-10 (1); solcnidion of loosely associated setae on tarsi I and n nearly as long as the proximal tactile seta. Legs I-IV measuring 431 1-', 379 JL. 362 I' and 390 p. in length respectively • .

lJolo/ype : ~f 6n slide marked and Paratypes: :2 (Icf on the same slide, 1 on another slide). DELIlI: Shakti Nagar, vi.1979, ex leaves of Phaseolus l,t.lgaris, Nassar Colt. (NPC).

Remarks: 'rhis species is closely related to E. oritlltalis but differs in having

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c

o

• ("""O"yt""t e"aUoIl ap IIOV Mol.

Fig. 3. EultlronydulJ plu.1.stoll. ,p. nov. malo: A. Dorsal side; B. Ventral side; C. Palplarsus; D. Dorsocentral seta; E. Dorsolaleral seta.

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rectangle between third and fourth pair of dorsocentral hystcrosomals; femur II with.7 tactile setae and in chaetotaxy of legs.

Field recognition; This species is dark green in colour.

4. Eutertranychus orientalis (Klein)

An),chus or/entalis Klein. 1936, Bull. Israel Agr/c. Res. SIn., 21 : 3; Sayed, 1946b, ler. Ent. Bull. Soc. Fouad., 30 : 143.

Eultlranych'l$ orien/alis : Baker' and Pritchard. 1960, lIi/gardia, 29 (11); 464 (misidentification); Meyer and Rodrigues, 1966, Garlca de orla, 13 (2) : 14 (misidentification); Attiah, 1967, Bull. Soc. Ent. Eg),ple, SI: 15; Gutierrez and Helle, 1971, Ent. Ber. Arnst., 31 : 4,.·48; Meyer, 1974, En/om%g)' Mem. Dep. Agric. TeeT" Servo Rtpllb. S. A/r., 36 : 138. •

'Ihis mite is primarily a pest of citrus and has been recorded from Israel, Turkey, Jordan. Iran, Egypt. Cyprus. Sudan. Afghanistan, India, South Africa. Formosa, East Transval, Thailand. Pakistan, Philippines and Taiwan on citrus. Other hosts include cotton, squash, frangipani, pear. grapevines, quince. walnut and Euphorbia. In the last few years a related species. Eutelrall),clius a1Jlleckei Meyer, which was misidentified as E. orfentolist has also become a pest of citrus in different parts of the world. This species was collected on !llusa pardisiaca; Cftrus sp., P)'rus communis (lARl, New Delhi), Carica papaya (Sarai Rohilla, Delhi). Luffa sp. (Bhartal village, New Delhi) in June-July, 1979.

Since the complete description of this species is already available it is unnecessary to repeat it here but the authors have observed some variations as mentioned bclow:

In some specimens the dorsocentral hysterosomals are relatively short and spatulate while in others the dorsocentrals are relatively longer and tend to be subspatulate. The first pair of dorsocentral hysterosomal setae is more or less in a line with first pair of dorsolaterals and the humerals in some individuals but not in others. The variations in the number of leg setae in both female and male arc ~Iso observed in individual conection and sometime also on the legs of the same specimen.

5. Eutctranychus bilobatus, sp. nov. (Figs'. 4-5)

Female: Dimensions of holotype : length of body, (including gnathosoma) 421 p.; length of body (excluding gnathosoma) 317'p.; breadth 290 p.,

Dorsum: Three pairs of propodospmal and 10 pairs of hysterosomal sctae sct on tubercles on the dorsum; all setae strongly serrate and varying in length; dorsocentral hysterosomal setae very short, much less than the intervals between their bases and decidedly more spatulate than dorsolaterals, which tend to be more subspatulate except th~ fourth pair of dorsocentral hysterosomals which are palmate.' Humerals and first pair of dorsolateral setae situated anterior to first pair of dorsocentral hystcrosomal setae; third pair of dorsocentral hystero­spmuls forming a ~quare with fourth pair of dorsoccntral hysterosom<ils. Pro­podosoma having lon$itudinal striae provided with distinct lobes; hysterosom~

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344 ORIENt At INS~CTS Vol. 15, No.4

• Eut.tranyZhus bllobatus sp. nov Female

Fig. 4.Eutttranyclllll bi/obatul. sp. nov. remale: A. Dorsal sid~: n. Ventral side; C. Palptarsus; D, Associated setae on tarsus J; E. Termination or peritreme; F. Dorsolateral seta; G. AssocIated sctae on tarsus II, H. Dorsoccntral 'c:~a.

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1981 NASSAR &. GUAI : ON TETRANYCIIOID MITES 345

with striae between second and third pair of dorsocentrals longitudinal; striae on hysteiosoma slightly lobed.

Gna thosoma : Stylophore indsed anteriorly; terminal sensillum on the pa]ptarsus about 4 times as long as broad, dorsal sensillum 0.67 the length of terminal sensillum; peritreme bitobed distally.

Legs: Distribution of setae and solcnidia (in parentheses) on the leg segments of the .female as follows: coxae 2·1-1-1; femora 8·5-4·1; genua 5-5-2-2; tibiae 9(1)-6.6-7; tarsi 15(2)-13(2)-IO-JO. Solenidion of loosely associated setae on tarsus I about 0.67 the length of tactile seta and solenidion on tarsus II slightly longer than tactile seta. Legs segments with transverse striation. measuring 362 p., 310 p., 310 p., 352 f' in length from I-IV respectively.

Venter : Venter striated, striation simple, running in different directions; ventral setae 3. pairs, simple. Genital area with one pair of pre-genital, 2 pairs of-genital,2 pairs of anal and2 pairs of para-anal setae; all setae simple.

Male : Dimension~ : length of body (including gnathosoma) 312 p.; length of body (excluding gnathosoma) 276 p.; breadth 210 "".

Dorsolateral hysterosomals as well as first and fourth pair of dorsocentral setae longer than those of female. Genital area with one pair of pre-genital and 4 pairs of genitoanal setae. Terminal sensillum on the palptarsus about 1.5 times as long as its greatest thickness and relatively shorter than the dorsal sensillum. Chaetotaxy oflegs as follows: coxae 2·1-1 .. 1; femora 8-6-4 .. 1; genua 5-5-2-2: tibiae 9(4)-6(1)-7(1)-6; tarsi 15(3)-13(2)-10(1)-10(1); solenidion of loosely associated setae on tarsus I about 0.67 the length of tactile seta, while on tarsus II solenidion equal to tactile scta. Legs I-IV measuring 483 p.. 431 p.. 413 p., 4S5 " in length, respectivelY.

Holo/ypc : !f. on slide marked and Parat),pes: 8 (2Jc!, 2W on the same slide, 4 on another slide). NEW DULIII : orchards of JART, Kirti Nagar, v.1979, ex leaves of Zizyplms sp., Nassar ColI. (NPC).

Remarks: This species is very near to EUletranychus anneckel but differs in having peritreme bitobed distally and different chactotaxy of legs.

Field recognition: This species is light green in colour.

6. Eutetranyehus citrl Attiah

EuteranyclJIIJ cUrl Attiah, 1967. Bull. Soc. Ent. LIJpte, 51 : 15-16; Meyer, 1914. Entomology Mem. Dep. Agric. Tee],. Servo Repub. S. AIr., 36 : 153.

This species is also closely related to E. orientalis (Klein) but can be separat­ed from the latter. by the first pair or dorsolaterals and the humerals, which are' situated anterior to the first pair of dorsoccntrals and third pair or dorsocentrals forming slight rectangle with fourth pair of dorsocentrals. Tibia r bears nine tactile setae and tibia tI S tactile setae. It was co1t~ctcd on citrus from orchards of IARI, New Delhi. '

This is the first record of this species. from India and s~cond from the world.

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346 ORIENTAL INSECTS Vol. IS. No.4

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Fig. 5. Eutttranyc/ull bi/ohatus. sp. nov. male: A. Dorsal side; B. Ventral side; C, I'alptarsus; D, Associated setae on tarsus I; E. Associated setae U; F. Dors~ ~entral set~.

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7. Eutctranychus caricae, sp. nov. (Fig. 6)

Female: Dimensions of holotype : length of body. (including gnathosoma) 352 fL; length of body (exc1l!ding gnathosoma) 255 fL; breadth 252 11•

Dorsum : Three pairs of propodosomal and 10 pairs of hystcrosomal setae se~ on strong tubercles on dorsum; all setae strongly serrate and varying in length; propodosomal setae, humerals and dorsolateral hysterosomal setae serrate, rod-like and enlarged distally; these relatively longer than dorsocentral hysterosornal setae which tend to be more subspatulate, third pair of dorsocen· tral hysterosomals reaching to the base of Courth pair of dorsocentral hysteroso. maIs; first and fourth pair of dorsocentral hystcrosomals equal in length and longer than'second and third pair of dorsocentrals; humerals and frrst pair of dorsolaterals situated anterior to first pair of dorsocentral hystcrosomats; third pair of dorsocentral hysterosomals forming a square with the fourth pair of dorsoccntral hysterosomals. Propodosoma having longitudinal 'striae with weak lobes; hysterosoma with striae between second and third pair of dorso· central longitudInal, striae on hysterosoma also bearing faint Jobes.

Gnathosoma : Stylophore notched anteriorly; terminal sensillum on the palptarsus about 2,5 times as long as broad. dorsal sensiUum about 0.33 the length of terminal sensiIJum; peritreme simple.

Legs: Chaetotaxy oC legs of female as follows (solenidia in parentheses) : coxae 2·1·1·1; femora 7-6-2-1; genua 5-4-1-1; tibiae 8-5·5-5; tarsi 15(2)-12 (1)·10 (2)-10(1); soIenidion of loosely associated setae on tarsus I about 0.33 the length of tactile seta While equal in length to tactile seta on tarsus II, legs segm~nts with transverse striation measuring 345 fL, 276 fL, 276 p. and 338 I' in length Crom I·IV respectively.

Venter : Vente, striated. striation simple, running in different directions; ventral setae 3 pairs, simple. Genital area with 0110 pair of pro-genital, 2 pairs of genital, 2 pairs of anal and 2 pairs of para·anal setae; aU setae simple.

Male: Not known. Ilolotype "~, on slide marked and Parat),pes : 3W (on another slide). NEW

DELUI : Bhartal village, ix.1979, ex leaves of FiClls carica, Nassar Coli. (NPC).

Remarks: This species is close to E. amleckei but differs in having, humerals and first pair of dorsolaterals situated anterior to first pair of dorsocentral setae and different in chaetotaxy of legs.

Field recognition: This species is.brownish-green in colour.

8. Eutetranycltus nagai, sp. nov. (Fig. 7)

Female: Dimensions of holotype : length of body (including gnathosoma) 393 1'; length of body (excluding gnothosoma) 2761'; breadth 207 I'.

Dorsum: Three pairs of propodosomnl and 10 pairs of llysterosomal setae on prominent tubercles on dorsum except humerals anli dorsocentrals; all setae ~tron~ly serrate and varying in length; propodosomals, humcrals and dorsol~·

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• EutetranychJs ~ 'p. nov. Female

Fia· 6. Llltetran),c/lIIs car/cat, sp. DOV. female: A, Dorsal side: B; Ventral side: C, Palptarsus: D. Associated setae on tarsus I; E; A~lIoc:latcd setae on tarsus JJ: F. Dorsolateral U!t3..

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1981 NASSAR & GliAl: ON TETRANYCIIOlD MITES 349

teral hysterosomals which tend to be subspatulate; distance between the dorsola­teral hysterosomals I.S as long as the length of dorsolateral setae; first pair of dorsolateral -setae situated anterior to Itumerals and first-pair of dorsocentral setae; third pair of dorsoccntral hysterosomals forming a square with fourth pair of dorsocentrals. Propodosoma having longitudinal striae, strongly lobed; hysterosoma with striae between second and third pair of dorsocentrals longi­tudinal, hysterosomal striae slightly but distinctily.lobcd.

Gnathosoma: Stylophore notched anteriorly; terminal sensillum on the palptarsus about 4 times as long as broad, dorsal sensillum on the palptarsus about 0.5 the length of the terminal one; peritreme'terminating in a big bulb.

Legs: Setae and solenidia (in parentheses) disposed on legs I-IV as follows: coxae 2·1-1-1; femora 8.5-3-1; genua 5-5·2-2; tibiae 9(1)-6.6-1;, tarsi 15(2)-13(1)-9(2)-10 (1);, solenidion of loosely associated setae on tarsus I equal in length to tacile seta while solenidion on tarsus II about the one thirds the length of tactile seta; legs I-IV measuring 345 Il, 293 IL, 293 I' and 355 IL in length rcspec­tively.

Venter: Venter striated, striation simple, running in different directions; ventral seta~ 3 pairs, simple. Genital area with one pair of pre-genital~ 2 pairs of genital, 2 pairs of anal and 2 pairs of para-anal setae; all setae simple.

Afale : Not known.

lIolot),pe : ~, on slide marked and .Paratypes : 2W (on another slide). DELIII: Shakti Nagar, viii. 1979, ex leaves of Eriohotrya japonica, Nassar Coli. (NPC).

Remarks: This species is close to E. afrlcanus (Tucker) but differs in having. tcrminal sensillum on pa]ptarsus about 4 times as long as broad. dorsocentral hysterosomals -tending to be- subspatulate and in chaetotaxy of legs.

Field recognition: This species is dark green in colour.

9. Eutetranychus anncckel Meyer

Eutetranyc/lUs aTUleckel Meyer. 1974, Entomology Mem. Drp. Atrlc. Tee". Srr~. Repub. S. A/r., 36 : 148.

This species was illustrated as E. orfenlaTis by Daker & Pritchard (1960); Meyer & Rodrigues (1966).

it is very close to E. orienlaTis and can only be scparated from it by the following characteristics: the striae between second and third pair of dorsocen­tral hysterosomals not V-shaped but longitudinal; dorsal scnsillum on palptarsus of female about 0.67 of length of terminal sensillum, terminal $cnsillum on the palptarsus of the male is about twice as long as its greatest thickness and relatively shorter than dorsal sensillum.

In India this species was misidentified as E. orienlalis. During this study the material was collected on Lrlffa ocutallg14fa from Pocltampur village, sapota,

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350 ORIENT AL INSECTS Vol. IS. No.4

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• £-st.ltun.1thu$ n010' 'lP nov remole

Fig. 1. Emttranyr1.ur nagai, sp. nov. remale : A. Dorsal siJe; D. Ventral side; C. Associated setae on tarsu$ 1, D, A,>so~j~t~4 $~ta~ op tars\ls m ~ PalplarsUSi F, Termin\lti9Q of peritreme.

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jack fruit and peach from Shakti Nagar, mulberry from Dhartal village, on Ficus carica from IARI. These are all new host records from the world. It has been also coJJected on citr.us from orchards of IARI and on sour orange from Division of Entomology, IARI.

As in E. orientalis, considerable variations in thc length of dorsal setae and chaetotaxy of legs are also encountered in different collections and in some cases on the legs of the same specimen.

3. Genus Schizotetranychus Tragardh

SchizoletranYc/IUJ Tragardh, 1915, Meddn. CelltAusl. Fors¥as. JorJhrOmrad Slock"., 54: 277. Pritchard and Daker, 1955, Padf. Cst. E"I. Soc. Mem., :Z: 225: Baker and Pritchard, 1960, Hi!gordia. 29 (II) : 486; GUlierrez, 1968, Acaro!ogltl, 10 (1) : 22-23. Meyer, 1974, Entomology Mem. Drp. Agrlc. Tech. Servo Rtpub S. A/r., 36 : 163.

Two pairs of para-anal setae, duplex setae of tarsus I distal and adjacent, the empodium claw-like and bifid; all 3 pairs of cmpodial setae mayor may not be present; peritremes usually simple, anastomosing or hooked distal1y.

Type-species: Tetran),c/tus schizol'tls Tragardh.

So far only 6 species of this genus afC known from India, of which only 4 are known to be associated with vegetable and fruit crops. During this work a species of this genus was collected associated with loquat. This species along with already known species associated with vegetable and fruit crops can be separated by the following key' based on the adults:

KEY TO TilE INDIAN SPECIES OF SC/lIZOTETRANYC/lUS TRAGARDJI

1. Dody with dorsal setae shorter than cjistance between consecutive setae • . 1

Dody with all or most of the dorsal setae as Jong '" or longer than distances bet­ween consecutive setae . . • • . • . • • • • • • . 4

2. lIysterosoma with dorsocentrals less than halt as long as the distance between their bases • • • . • • . . . • • • . . • • fluvlalls McGregor

Uysterosoma with dorsocentrals about half or more as long as the distance bet­ween their bases • . . . . • • . . . . • . . . . . . . 3

3. Hysterosoma with dorsocentrals about half as long as the distance between their bdses, aedeagus bent dorsal at right angle with the main sbart and has a short distal sigmoid curve • . ..• . • . . •.• . . . baJtazarl Rimando

lIysterosoma with dorsocentrals about 0.67 as long a, 'the distance between their bases, aedeagus bent dorsal to rorm a sigmoid curve hooked at the tip • • • • • • • • • • • • . . • . • .. . . . . hlndustanlcus (llirst)

4. Aedeagal shart very long, straight and curving dorsad; the anterior projection of the knob very-small, while the posterior projection relatively larger and directed dorsad • • • . • • • • • • • . • . • . . tt'phroslac Gutierrez

Aedeagal shaft broad and long, gradually narrowing. the distal part angulate with tip directed forward • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • cajanl Gupta

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3S2 ORIENTAL INSECTS Vol. IS, No.4

Eot.tranychu. ~ 'P. nov. F"emolf

Fig. 8. Eotetranyclws roMlat, sp. nov. female: A. Dorsal side; B, Ventral side: C. Stylophore; D, Palptarsus.

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10. Schizotctranycllus tcphrosiac Gutierrez

Sch!zoteranychu$ Itphrosiae Gutierrez, 1968, Acar%gia, to (I) : 24·28; Meyer, 1914, Entomology Mem. Dep. Agrlc. Tee". Serv. Repub; S. AIr., 36 : 110.

This species was first described from Malagasy Republic on Tephrosla striata and then from South Africa on Afundlllea sericea. The species was collected on leaves of Eriobolrya japonlca from Shakti Nagar, Delhi, in August 1979. This is the first.record of this species from India and third from the world. Host plant is new record from the world.

4. Genus Eotetranycbus Oudemans

EOlttranychus Oudemans, 1931, Ent. Bcr. Amst., 8 (178): 224; Pritchard and Baker, 19S5, Pacil· Cst. Ent. Soc. Mem., 2: 138; Meyer and Ryke, 1959a, J. Ent. Sod Slh. Afr., 21 (2) : 348; Daker and Pritchard, 1960, IIilgardia, 29 (II): 473; Gutierrez, 1967, Acar%gia, 9 (2) : 370·372; Tuttle and Baker, 1968, Tucson Ariz. Univ •. Press : 85; Meyer, 1974, Entomology Mem. Drp. Agrle. Teel!. Se,V. Rrpub. S. Afr., 36 : 189.

Two pairs of para-anal setae; striae with small lobes, transverse on hystero­soma; tarsus I with 3-S tactile setae proximal to duplex setae; duplex setae of tarsus I distal and adjacent; cmpodia consisting of 3 pairs of ventrally directed hairs except for leg I and sometimes leg II in the male; dorsal body setae at least as long as distance between their bases.

Type-species: Trombidium tlliarum Hermann

So far only 7 species of this. genus arc known to be associated with vegetable and fruit crops in India. Five species of this genus were collected, of which 3 are new to science. These species and the known ones associated with veget­able and fruit crops can be separated by the following key -based on the adults.

KEY TO TilE INDIAN SPECIES OF EOTETRANYCIIUS QUDEMANS

1. Tibia II with 8 tactile setae • • • • • • Tibia II with 6 tactile setae • . • • •

2. Pcrltreme straight distally'or slightly bent • Perltreme booked distally. • • • • • .

3. Peritreme straight. • • • • . • • • • •

• • 2 mcndensls Manson ..... 3

• ',' • 4 . , . I. 5

Peritremc slishtly bent and forming a very short renected arm. • • • • • • • . • • • . . • • • • •. . rrostl (McGregor)

4. Aedeagus turned slightly dorsad to form knob, posterior projection rounded and about twice as long as the anterior projection which is also rounded. • . • ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rohllac, sp. nov. Aedeagus bent vontrad, with the down-turned portion slender, taperins, and slightly sigmoid • • • • • • , • . • • . hlrstl Pritchard and Baker

5. Striae anterior to female genital area tran,versc or Irrigutar transverse • . . 6 Striae anterior to female genital area longitudinal or irregular longitudinal. • . 7

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354 ORIENTAL INSECTS Vol. 15, No.4

A.

Eof.fronyehus ~ .p. nov. Mole

Fig. 9. Eotctran),cIlUs rohilae. sp' nov. male: A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C, Stylophore; D. Tarsal appendages of tarsus J; E, PaJptarsus; F. Aedcagus.

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1981 NASSAR &-tJIIAI·: ON TETRANYCIlOID MitES 3SS

6. Aedeagal ahaCt gradually tapering postertorly and bent sharply ventrad In pos­terior : portion to form the hook which is much shorter than ahaft. and gradually narrowing and sigmoid. . • • • • . • • • • 5uglnamensl! (Yokoyama)

Aedeagal,shaCt long, slender, tapering distally and' strongly undulate. • • '. • • • • . • • • • . . \ • . • • • • • • • • . uncatus Oarmen

7. Striae anterior to female genital area longitudinal. • • • . • • . • • 8 Striae anterior to female genital area Irregular longitudinal. • • • • • • • • . • • , . • • • • • • • .• ••• Irregularensls, sp. nov.

8. Aedeagalshaft curved strongly or slightly dorsal. • • • . -. • . • • 9 Aedeagal shaft curved ventrad or straight • • • . . • • • • • • • 10

9. Aedeagal shaft slightly curved dorsad ncar tho middle, distal portion directed caudoventrally and tho tip characteristically de flexed • • • sexmaculatus (Riley) Aedcagal shaft strongly curved dorsad, distal portion sigmoid, tapering and direct­ed caudally. • • • • . • • • • • • • . • : rajourlensls, ap. nov.

10. Acdeagal shaft slightly curved ventrad, tapering distally and slightly sigmoid. • • • • • . • • , • • • • . • • • • , . • • . kankltus Ehara.

Aedeagal shaft straight, strong and slightly sigmoid posteriorly • • • • • • · • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • pamelae Manson

11. Eotetranychus rohilae, sp. nov. (Figs. 8,9)

Female: Dimensions of holotype : length of body (including gnathosoma) 424 p., ,length of body (excluding gnathosoma) 2901'; breadth 207 1'.

Dorsum: Dorsal body setae 13 pairs including one pair of humeral setae, all setae without tubercles, long, slender, serrate and pointed distally; dorsal body setae extending beyond the bases of setae next behind; striae on pro .. podosoma longitudinal while those on hysterosoma mostly transverse and provided with rounded lobes.

Gnathosoma : Stylophore rounded distally, terminal sensillum of the palpus about 2 times as long as broad; peritrerrie ending in a simple bulb.

Legs: Counts of setae and solcnidia (in parentheses) on legs I-IV,as follows: coxae 2-2·1-1; femora 9-6-4-4; genua 5-5-4-4; tibiae 9-8-6·-7; tarsi 13 (2) + 2 dupl. -10 (2) + ) dupl.-lO (J )-9; tarsus I provided with 4 tactile setae and One solenidion proximal to duplex setae.

Venter: Striae on venter smooth and mostly transverse, ventral setae °3 pairs simple. Genital area with one pair of pre-genital, 2 pairs of genital, 2 pairs of anal and 2 pairs of para-anal sdae. Genital flap and area immediately anterior to it provided with transverse striae.

Male: Dimeonsions : length of body (inCluding gnathosoma) 244 p.; length of body (excluding gnathosoma) 169 tJ.; breadth 121 1'.

~ Dorsal body setae shorter than those of female and also longer than the intervals between their bases. GeQital area with one pair of pre-genital and 4 pairs of genitoanal setae. Terminal sensiIlum of the palpus about LS times as long as broad. Chaetotaxyof legs as follows: coxae 2-2-1-1; femora 9·7-4-4; genua 5-5-4-4; tibiae 9 (2)·7-6-7; tarsi 13 (1) + 2 dup.-12 (1) + 1 dup1.~l0

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356 ORIENT AL INSECTS Vol. IS, No.4

• tol.lr""ychul '''.gu'or.".: __ /I. IIOV. r,mol.

Fig. 10. EOltlran),chuJ Irrtgu!/lrtusls, sp. nov. female: A, Dorsal view; B, Ventral view; C, Palptanus; D, Slylophore; E, Dorsolateral seta.

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(1)-10 (1); tarsus I with S tactile setae and one sole~idion well proximal to duplex setae. Empodium I consisting of 2 claw-Jike structure, the other empo­dia normal.

Aedeagus : Slender shaft of the aedeagus nearly straight; turning slightly dorsad to form a knob; the posterior projection rounded and about twice as long as the anterior projection which is also rounded.

llolotype : ~, on slide marked and Paratypes : 9 (1 ~, 2~c! on the same slide, 6 on two another slides). DELHI: Sarai Rohilla, v.1979, ex leaves of Monu sp.t Nassar Call. (NPC).

Remaks,' This new species is close to E. natalensis Meyer except the shaft of the aedeagus slender and posterior as well as anterior projection of aedeagal knob rounded. It also differs in striae anterior to rgenital flap which are trans· verse and the chaetotaxy .of the legs.

Field recognition: This species is green in colour.

U. Eotetranychus hirstl Printchard & Daker

Tetranyc!Jus /icl Hirst, 1926, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 828; Rahman and Sapra, 1940 Proc. Indian .Acad. Sci., 11 (D) : 186.

Eotetran),chus Mrsti Pritchard and Baker 1955, Padl- Cst. Enl. Soc. Mem., 2: 200; Jeppson, Keirer and Baker, 1975, Univ. Cam. Press, USA, I1J; Gupta, 1976, Oriental Ins., 10 (3) : 334.

This species is a serious pest of fig in India and Pakistan. Heavy infestation has been reported from several areas in India and at Lyallpur in Pakistan. This species was collected on Ficus carica from Shakti Nagar, Delhi in August, 1978

13. Eotetranychus suginamensls (Yokoyama)

£olttronycllU! suginamensls Yokoyama, 1932, Bull. Imp. Serlc. Exp. Sla. (Tokyo), 8 (6): 282.

Tetranychus morl Rahman and Sapra, 1940, Proc. Indian Acad. ScI., 11 (B) : 184. Eotetranychus suginamensis :' Pritchard and Daker, 1955, Pac//. CSI. Ent. Soc. },Iem.,

:: : 200-202; Ehara, 1956, J. Fac. Sci. Ilokkaldo Univ. (Ser. 6) Zoot., Jl: SOl-S02.

This species is a serious pest of mulberry in Japan, India and Pakistan. Heavy infestation has been reported from several areas in India. This species was coUected on .A-forus alba in IARI campus, New Delhi, in August, 1979.

14. Eotetranychus Irregularensis, sp. nov. (Figs. 10, 11)

Female: Dimensions of holotype : length of body (including' gnatbosoma) 4001-'; length of body (excluding gnathosoma) 297 1-'; breadth 2101'.

Dorsum: Dorsal body setae 13 pairs including one pair of humeral setae, all setae without tubercles, linear-lanceolatc, serrate and slightly longer than the

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358 OlUENT AL INSECTS Vol. 15, No.4

wtfj ,. '" )::

c

-••... ::.:.:::~ I ..

21.1.1

A

• [01 .. ronyehus Irregulor",ai, .p. nov Mole

Fig. 11. EOlelrall),chlls Irregulartnsls. sp. nov. male: A. Dorsal view; n, Ventral view: C. Palpt:irsus; D, Tarsal appendages of tarsus J: E. Slylophore: F, Aedeagus.

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longitudinal intervals between them. Propodosoma bearing longitudinal striae and those on hysterosoma mostly transverse; lobes on striae broadly triangular with an occasionaltounded one.

Gnathosoma : Stylophorc notched anteriorly; pal pus provided with a ter­minal sensillum which is about \ twice as long as broad; peritreme strongly hooked distally and becoming swollen before its distal end.

Legs: Setae pattern on legs as follows: coxae 2-2-1-1; femora 8-7-4-4; gen­ua 4-5-4-4; tibiae 9 (1)-8-6-7; tarsi 13(()+2 dupl.-l0(1)+1 dupl.-lO-IO (1); tarsus I provided with 4 tactile setae proximal to the duplex setae.

Venter: Striae on venter smQoth and mostly transverse; ventral setae 3 pairs, simple. Genital area with one pair of pre-genital, 2 pairs of genital~ 2 pairs of a.nal and 2 pairs of para-anal setae. Genital flap bearing transverse striae, while area immediately anterior to the flap with irregular longitudinal striae.

Male: Dimensions: length of body (including gnathosoma) 355 Pi length of body (excluding gnathosoma) 259 I': breadth 176 p.

Dorsal body setae shorter than those of female and reaching to lhe bases of setae next behind. 'Genital area with one pair of pre-genital and 4 pairs of genitoanal setae. Terminal sensillum on the palptarsus about 2.S times as long as broad. Chaetotaxy of legs as follows: coxae 2-2-1-1; femora 9-7-4-4; genua 5-S-4-4; tibiae 9(2)-8-6-7; tarsi 13 (2)+ 2 dupl.-12 (1)+1 dupl.-9(1)-10(1); tarsus I bearing 4 tactile setae and 2 solenidia well proximal to duplex setae., Empodium I consisting of two tridigitate claw-like structures.

Aedeagus: Shaft of aedeagus bending dorsad to form a slender, sigmoid, distal and which is strongly tapered and directed straight dorsocaudally.

llolotype: ~. on slide marked and Paratypcs: 7(2 W, 2 eM, on the same slide, 3 on two another slides). NEW DELIII: IARI campus, ix. 1979, ex leaves of Ficus carica~ Nassar ColI. (NPC).

Remarks: This new species is near to Eotetranyc/zus rhusi Meyer but differs in the distal portion of aedeagus; dorsal setae long reaching to the basis of setae next behind and also different in chaetotaxy of the legs.

Field recognition: This species is green in colour.

15. Eotctranychus rajouricnsis, sp. nov. (Figs. 12,13)

Female: Dimensions of holotype: length of body (including gnathosoma) 434 fL; length of body (excluding gnathosoma) 317 fL. ,breadth 206 p.

Dorsum: Dorsal body setae 13 pairs including one pair of humeral setae, and setae without tubercles, long. serrate and pointed distally; dorsal setae much longer than the intervals between their bases; striae on propodosoma Jongitudinal while those on hysterosoma mostly transv~rse, lobes on striae Jllostly triangular with an occasional rounded one,

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360 ORIENT AL INSECTS Vote 15, No.4

c

Fig. n. Eottlranyclull roJourltnsls, ap. DOV. female: A, Dorsal view; D. Ventral view: C, Stylophore; D. Palptarsus.

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Gnathosoma: Stylophore rounded anteriorly; terminal scnsillum of. the palpus about 2 times as long as broad, peritreme hooked distally.

Legs: Setae and solenidia (in parentheses) disposed on legs I·IV as follows: coxae 2-2-1·1; femora 10-7-4·4, genua 5·5-4·4; tibiae 9(1)-8-6·7; tarsi 13(1)+2 dupl.-13(t)+ 1 dupl.-l0-10(l); tarsus I provided with 4 tactile setae proximal to duplex stOle.

Venter: Striae on venter smooth and mostly transverse; ventral setae 3 pairs, simple. Genital area with one pair of pre-genital, 2 pairs of genital, 2 pairs of anal and 2 pairs of para-anal setae. Genital flap bearing transverse striae, while area immediately anterior to the flap with longitudinal striae.

Male,' Dimensions: length of body (including gnathosoma) 390 I'; 'length of body (excluding gnathosoma) 259 ,,; breadth 141 It.

Dorsal body setae shorter than those of female and much longer than the intervals between their bases. Genital area with one pair of pre-genital and 4 pairs of genitoanal setae. Terminal sensillum on the palptarsus about 3 times as long as broad. Chaetotaxy of legs as follows: Coxae-2-2·1-1; femora 9-6-4-4; genua 5·~-4-4; tibia 9(3)8-6-7; tarsi 13(2)+2 dupl..13(1)+ 1 dupl.-l0.l0(l}; tarsus I bearing 5 tactile setae and one solenidion well proximal to duplex setae. Empodium I bifid and each part with 2 short teeth.

Aedeagus : Shaft of aedeagus short, relatively broad, strongly curved dorsad forming distal portion, sigmoid, tapered and directed cadudally.

]{olotype : ~, on slide marked and Paratypes: 14 (l ~, 1 c! on the same slide and 12 on three anotherstides). NEW DELlII : Rajouri Garden, x. 1979, ex leaves of Zizyphus sp., N1ssar Coli. (NPC).

Remarks: This new species is ncar to' E. frostl (McGregor) except the distal portion of aedeagus which is longer, broader nnd tapered. It also differs in tarsus I of the female which is provided with 4 tactile setae proximal to duplex setae instead of 5 tactile setae as in E. frosti.

Field recognition: This species is light green in colour.

5. Gen~s OUgonycbus Berlese

Oligon)'chuJ Berlest, 1886, Acari dannosl aile plante. coltivatl: 24: Pritchard and Baker, 1955. Pad/. Cst. Ent. Soc. Mtm., l : 270; 'Mcyer and Rykc, 1959a, J. Ent. Soc. S. A/r .• ll (2): 341; Wainsteln, 1960, Kaza"',. Akad str,k nQuk. Nauch. Iss/cd. Inst. Zos!,. RaSI. Trudy., 5 : 203: Baker and Pritchard, 1960. Jlilgardla, 19 (II) : S03; Tuttle and Baker. 1968, Tucson Ariz., Unlv. PrcSi : 116-117: Meyer, J974, .entomology Mtm. Dcp. Agrl,c. Ttc!,. Strv. Repu!>. S. AIr., 36 : 248.

A single pair of para· anal setae; ernpodia well developed, claw·like, with proximoventral hairs at right angles to claw, in some species-the empodia I and II of the male sometimes with 2 proximoventral spurs, instead of the .proxi­moventral hairs; duplex setae of tarsus I distal and adjacent; dorsal bod)' setae, with few exceptions not on tubercles.

Type-species: lleleronychtlS brevipodus TllrSioni TQzzettj,

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362 ORIENT AL INSECTS Vol. IS, No.4

o

(; A <>

• [o'",'o"yehu. ro/Ouri,,,,,, II) "OY MOl'

Fig. 13. EOUlran),clluJ rajouricnsiJ. sp. nov. male:. A, Dorsal view; B, Ventral view; C, Slylophore; D. Tarsal appendages of tarsus I; E. Palptarsus; F. Aedcagus.

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So far only 4 specie~' of this genus are known associated with vegetable and fruit crops ftom India. In the present work 4 species of this genus were collected, of which one species is new record from India. The~e species along with already known species associated with vegetable and fruit crops can be separated by the f9110wing key, based. on the adults.

KEY TO TilE INDIAN SPECIES OF OLIGONYCllUS DERLESB

1. Aedeagus bent ventrad

Aedeagus bent dorsad • . , . • • • • . • • • • 6

2. Female tarsu~ I ~ith 4 tactile setae and one solenidion proximal to duplex setae • . • . . • • . • . . ~. . . . . • . . • • . , 3

Female tarsus I wlth 3 tactile setae and one solenidion proximal to duplex setae • • . . • • • • . . . • • • • . • • correae (Nietncr)

3. Aedeagus with bent portion forming an acute angle with shaft •••• 4

Aedeagus with bent portion at right angle with shaft 5

4. Dent portion of aedeagus smalrtriangularly tapering • • • '.' • • • 0 • • • • • • • ma~glferus (Rahman and Sapra)

Dent portion of aedeagus rather broad with distal end abruptly narrowed to form fipser sbaped projection • . • . 0 • • 0 • punlcae (Hirst)

5. ,Fem~le tibia I with 7 tactile abd one sensory setae

Female tibia I with 8 tactile and two sensory setae

6. Peritreme ending in simple bulb

Peritreme relrorse distally • .

16. Oligonychus coffeae (Nietner)

• vitls Zaber and Shehata

saplcnticolus Gupta

• Indlcus (Hirst)

. biharcnsis (Hirst)

Acarus cojfeae Nietner, 1861, Observation on the enemies of the coffee tree in Ceylon: Pl" 31.

Oligonyc/zus cojfeae : Pritchard and Baker, 1955, Pac/f. Cst. Ell I. Soc. Memo, 2 : 315; Baker and Pritchard,1960, Ililgardia, 29 (11) : 504·505; Meyer and Rodrigues, 1%6, Garica de Orta, 13 (2) : U·13; Gutierrez, 1968, Acarologia, 10 (3) : 446· 447; Meyer. 1914, Entomology Mem. Dep. Agrie. Tech. Servo Repub. S. AIr., 36 : 251.

Oligon),chus merwel Tucker. 1926, S. Afr . .Dep. Agrie. Div. Ent. Mem., 5 : 6.

Paratetranychus term/nails Sayed, 1945, ler Ent. Bull. Soc. FO/lad., 30 :94.

1his mite bas been a known pest of tea in India sinee early days of tea cuI· tivation. It was first discovered in Assam in 1868 but is now known from India, Sri Lanka, South and East Africa, Indonesia, Australia, Zaire, Mauri­tius, Florida, Middle East and Taiwan. In India large number of hosts are reported to be attacked by this species, viz. mulberry, mango, Eugenia cumin; and several ornamental and field crops. The material of this species waS collec­ted on leaves of Prunus persica 'from JARJ campus, New Delhi in August, 1978. This is a new record of host plant.

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17. OJigonychus mangirerus (Rahman & Sapra) Paraletrtl11),clms mangi/ems Rahman and Sapra, 1940, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., 11 (B)

: J92 Oligonyclills tt1aftgiferus : Mouth". 1958, Bl.lI. Ult. Res., 49 : 60; Meyer, 1974, EnIO­

mology Melli. Dep. Agric. Teel •• Ser,. Repub. S. Alr .• ,36 : 254' 'This species is widely distributed throughout the tropiCS and is known from

India, Mauritius, Hawaii, Peru and rgypt. Heavy infestation has been report .. ed many. times from several parts of India on mango, grapevines, loquat, pcath, pomegranate and jamun. This species was cQllected on J.fangijera liulica, Vilis vlilifera. PmmlS persica from orchards of IARI in August. 1.979; Eugenia sp., Psiditlnt guajava.* Musa partilsiaca* from Saral RoltiUa. Delhi in October, 1979; Fictes carica. ftfancifera indica from IAR[ campus. Ne.v Delhi, in October 1978.

18. Oligonychus dtis Zaher & Shehnta OligonY</llis vlds Zaller nnd Sbchata. 1965. Bull. Soc. Ellt. Eg),pte. 49: 61.69;

Meyer, 1974, Emamology Mem. Del'. Agrie. Tech. Servo Repub· S. Afr., 36: 252. OUgonyc1ms numgiferlls (Rahman & Sapra). Meyer, 1970, Phytophylaclica, 1 (2) :

141. Misidentification.

'This species was first described from vineyards in Egypt and misidentified as O. mal1gifertls (Rahman & Sapra) by Meyer (1970) and then redescribed as o. l'Uis in 1974. So far this species was not known from India. Specimens were collected on leaves of Vitls Villi/era from IARI campus, New Delhi, in Septem. ber 1978, making it the first record from India.

19. OligonycllUs biharcnsis(Hirst) P(lratelranycnus bihartlufs Hirst. 1924. Proe. Zoo/. Soc. Lond., 69. Ollgoll),cllus bl/,{.j.rem/s: Pritch~rd and Baker, 1955, Pac//. Cst. Em. Soc. Mem., 1 :

364·3o(i; Baker and Pritcbard, 1960. lIilgardio, 29 (I) : Sl4·S15; Estebancs and Daker, J968, Am. Es(. IItle. Clene. bioi. Alex., 15: 94; Meyer. 1974. Entomology Mem. /)~p. Agrfc. Teclt. Servo Repub. S. Afr., 36: 179 •

• This mite is known from India, H4waii, Thailand, Malaya, Philippines,

Antigua, Brazil and Mexico. It has been recorded on S/zorea robusta in India. In this study it was collected on leaves of Erlobotrys japonica at Shakti Nagar, Delhi in August, 1979, wbich is a new host record from India.

6. Genus Tdranyehus Dufour Tetran)'C!IU$ Dufour. fS32. :4nnll. Sci. Nat .• 2$ : 216; Prltc;l)~rd and Baker. 1955,

Pad/. Csl. Enl. Soc. Mem., 2: 373; Meyer and Ryke, 1959a. J. Ent. Soc. S. Afr.,21 (2) : 335; Wainstein, 1960, Kazakh. Akad. sers~ naule. Nauch. Islled, Inst. Zasn. Rasl. Trudy., 5 : 149: Baker and Pritchard, 1960. lJilgardia. 19 (I) : 529; Manson. 1907, Acarologla. 9 (3) : 582·585; TUlIle and Baker. 1968, Tucson Ariz. Univ. Press: 124·125; PrlrcTlardina. Rimando. 1962. Tecn. Bull. Co/J. Aerie. Un/v. Philipp •• 11 : 26-27, SynonYmY; Meyer, 1974. Entomol~cy Mem. /)11" Agrlc. Tech, Serv.,Repllb. S. AIr., 36 : 217.

lit New records from world.

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Empodia of all iegs of females and empodia If-IV legs of male provided with 3 pairs of proximo ventral hairs; if a mediodorsal spur or claw present it is significantly shorter than the hairs; empodium I of male usually tridigitate appendages with or without a mediodorsal spur; duplex setae· on tarus I widely separated, dividing the segment I into 3 more or less equal parts. One pair of para· anal setae present; the dorsal body setae relatively long and slender and not set on tubercles; aedeagus always bending dorsad. Shapes of the male genitalia and integumentary Jobes are very important characters for speciuc identification.

Type species: Telran),clzus lilltearius Dufour

To date only 7 species of this genus are known associated with vegetable and fruit crops from India. In the present work it was possible to colI~ct 11 species of this genus, of which 3 species are new to science and 3 arc new recor~s' from India. There are now 13 species associated wit~ vegetable and frui~ crops, which can be separated with the following key based on the adults.

KEY TO TIlE INDIAN SPECIES OF TETRANYCIIUS DUFOUR

1, Proximal dupl!'x setae on tar~us I of female distal to tactile setae. . . . . 2 Proximal duplex setae on tarsus I of female more or less in line with tactile setae

• • • • • • • • '0 • • • • • , • • • . . . 3

2. Aedeagus with a knob distally . . . . . • '. . • . . • . • . 4 Aedeagus very long, slender, tapering distatly, . , . . , • fijicnsls hirst

3. Aedeagal knob provided with very small anterior and posterior projections; empodium II of male with proximoventral tridigitate spurs • • . . • . • . • . • • • . • • • • . . • macfarlancl Baker and Pritchard

Aedeaial knob with anterior acute projection while posterior projection absent; empodium II of male with three pairs of proximoyentral hairs and a small distinct mediodorsal spur . • . . • • . • • . . . ludenl Zacher

4. Female with longitudinal to irregularly longitudinal striae between the third pair of dorsocentral bysterosomals and longitudinal between fourth pair of dorso-centrals • . . . . • • . . . . . • • • • . • • • • 5

Female with transverse to irregularly' transvers~ striae between the third pair of dorsocentral hysterosomals and longitudinal between four~h pair of dorso­centrals ' . . , . . . . . . . . . . . • ,lIngolcnsls Meyer

S. Female hysterosoma with longitudinal striae between fourth pair of dorsocentral hysterosomal forming a more or 'Iess diamond-shaped figure between third and fourth pair of dorsocentral bysterosomals. '. . . • . . . . . . 6

Female hysterosoma with irregularly longitudinal striae between fourth pair of dorsocentral hysterosomals, not forming diamond shape. . . . . . , : • • • • • • • • '. ' • • t • • • • • ufrlndlcus. sp. nov.

6. Female hysterosoma with longitudinal striae between third pair of dorsocentrats • • • • • • • '. • • • . • . • , " . .'. . • • • ,7

Female hysterosoma with Irregular longitudinal striae between third pair of dorsocentral setae • • . • • • • '" sayed I Baker and Pritchard

7. Upper surface of aedeagal knob straight or rounded with some kind or projec-ti9P.' l' l' , , • • • • • • '. • • • • •• • • • • • 8

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366 ORIENT A L INSECTS Vol. 15, No.4

Upper surface of aedeagal knob concave with anterior and posterior rounded projections like berry.shaped • . • •• • neoclllcdon!cus Andre

8. Aedeagal knob with anterior projection rounded . . • . • • • • • 9

Acdeagal knob with anterior projection acute • • • • • • • • " 11 9. Terminal sensillum of male 'abou't 34 times as ·long as broad, aedeagal knob

about 0.2·0.25 the length of the dorsal margin ~f the shaft • • • • • 10 Terminal sensillum of male about 3 times as long as broad, acdeagal knob about

0.33 the length of dors;ll margin of shaft . '.' . • . kanzawal Kishida 10. Empodium I of male with strong mediodorsal spur, femate carmine in colour ..

· . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . • clnuabarlnus (Boisduval) Empodium I of mate with minute mediodorsal spur, femates dark red in colour,

with a dark spot on either side of the body • • • . • . • • • • • • . • • • • . • . . • . • • • lombardlnU Baker and Pritchard

U. Anterior nnd posterior projection of aedeagal knob not similar. • .• • 12 Anterior and posterior projection of aedeagal knob'similar, females greenish or

yellowish In colour with large spots on either side of the body • • , • • • • • • • • • • . . . . • • • . • . •• • urtlcae (Koch)

12. Anterior and posterior projection of aedeagal knob acuminate and similar, axis of knob parallel to axis of shaft, upper surface of aedeagel knob rounded. • • . . . . . • . . . .,. . . • . . . . . ~aherl, 'p. nov.

Anterior projection of aedeaa-al knob stroDgly acuminate and curved ventrad; axis of knob not parallel to axis of shaft; upper surface of' aedeagal knob straight. • • • • . • • . • • • • • • • • • • • . '. papayae, sp. nov.

20. TctraD),chus madarlaDei Baker & Pritchard

Tttranyc11U1 maclarlantl Daker and Pritchard, 1960, Hilgardia, 29 (1) : 529; Meyer~ 1974, Entomology Mtm. Dtp. Agrlc. Tech, Strv, Repub. S. AIr., 36 : 244.

This species was first recorded from India, Dellvus, Mauritius on lady's finger, gourd, pumpkin, cucumber, bean and eggplant. In the present work the matcrial was collected on Solanwn melongtna in Palampur village, New Dclhi in September, 1979.

This species was observed to be always associated with another species of the same genus T. cinnabarinus which is more dominating. However, these two species can be apparently distinguished by colour.

21. Tctranychus ludeni Zacher

Tetran),cllllJ luJenl Zacher, 19l3, Mitt. Kafs BioI, Ansi. Land. Forst., 14 : 40; Pritchard and Daker, 1955, Padf. Cst. Ent. Soc. Mem., 2 : 405-407; Doudreault and Dosse, 1.963, Acarologla, 5 (I) : 18; Meyer and Rodrigues, 1966, Garlca de Orll!, 13 (2): 10; Manson, 1961, Acar%gla. 9(1): 589·591; Davis 1968, Qd. J. Agr/~. Anim. Sci., 2S : 61·62; Meyer, 1974, Entomology Mem. Dep. Agrie. Tech. Servo Rep!lb. S. AIr., 36 : 245.

Tetranychus ludentnsls Alliah, 1969, Acarologla, 11 (4) : 736-738.

This species has a worldwide distribution nnd occurs on a great variety of host plants, including cultivated and wild plants. In India. it has been recorded on French bean, (:Qnvolvlllus sp· dahlia, J:uitana and cosmos. In this work it

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has been recorded on leaves of cauliflower, citrus, cowpea in IARI campus, on eggplant from Bhartal village in August 1979. Infestation of this species was much heavier on eggplant as 'compared to cauliflower, cowpea and citrus.

22. Tetranychus angoJcll5is Meyer

Telranyc/ms ongo/ellsis Meyer. 1974. Entomology, Mem. Dep. Agric. Tech. Sen't. Replib. S. AIr., 36 : 219.

So far this species was described only from Novo Redondo Angola, on Elaeis guineensis but during this study it was collected on the leaves of Cue,,,­hila maxima from Pochampur village, New Delhi in October, 1979. Tnis is the second record of this species from the world and the first from India and the host plant is also a new record from the world. The description of this species given by Meyer (I974) agrees well with the specimens collected, except some variation in the length of terminal sensillum. Series of specimens show that the length of terminal sensillum is equal to its breadth but according to Meyer (1974) the terminal sensillum is broader than its length.

23. Tetranychus afrindicus. sp. nov. (Figs. 14, 15)

Female: Dimension of holotype ; length of body (including gnathosoma) 417 Il; length of body (excluding gnathosoma) 2~3 fL; breadth 241 fL.

Dorsum: Dorsal body with 13 pairs oflong, slender, serrate and pointed setae; all setae longer than distance between their bases; first pair of dorsola· teral setae located anterior' to first pair of dorsocentral and humeral setae; propodosoma bearing longitudinal striae while hysterosoma bearing longitudinal 'striae between the members of third pair of dorsocentrals and irregularly longi­tudinal striae between the members of fourth pair of dorsocentra1s; lobes on the striae mainly semi-circular with occasional triangular lobes. Propodosoma and hysterosoma clearly demarcated with incision.

Gnathosoma : -Stylophore rounded, anteriorly, terminal sensillum on the palptarsus about 3 times as long as broad; peritrcme hooked distally.

Legs: Setae and solenidia (in parentheses) disposed on legs I-IV as follows: Coxae 2-2-1-1; femora 10-6-4-4; genua 5-5·4·4; tibia 9(1)-7-6-6; tarsi 13(1)+2 dupl.·13(1)+1 dupl.·9 0)·10 (I); tarsus I bearing 4 tactile setae and one solenidion proximal to duplex setae.

Venter: Striae on venter smooth and mostly transverse, ventral setae 3 pairs, simple. Genital area with one pair of pre-genital, 2 pairs of genital, 2 pairs of anal and one pair of para-anal setae; all setae simple. Genital flap bearing transverse str~ae, while the area immediately anterior to the flap with longitudi­nal striae. Medioventral striae devo\d of lobes.

Male: Dimensions: length of body (including gnathosoma) 372 1-'; length of body (excluding gnatho.soma) 269 1-'; breadth 172 14.

Dorsal setae shorter than those of female and also slender, serrate' and

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368 ORIENTAL INSECTS Vol. 15, No.4

It

Tetronycnul ~ .p nov rtmal, I

Fig. 14. Tetran)'cI,uJ a!rlndicIIJ.sp. nov. female; At Dorsal view~ n, Ventral view; C, Stylophore.

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pointed distally. Incision like structure also occurring between propbd030ma and hysterosoma, Genital area with one pair of pre·genital and 4 pairs of ,genitoanal setae. Palpus bearing a terminal sensillum that is about 4 times as long as broad. Chaetotaxyt of legs as follows: Coxae 2·2·1-1 ~ famora 10-6-4-4; genua 5-5-4-4; tibiae 9(3)-7-6-7; tarsi 13 (2)+2 dupl.-13 (1)+1 dupl.-9(1)-10; tarsus I bearing 4 tactile setae and one soIenidioh proximal to duplex' setae; empodium r with two slender proximoventral spurs and short mediodorsal spur.

Aedeagus : Shaft ·of aedeagus narrowed distally and turned slightly dorsad forming a knob with an .acute anterior and posterior projection; the posterior projection widcr:at its base than anterior projection. Aedeagat knob without neck and about 0.33 the length of dorsal margin of shaft; its axis parallel to axis of shaft; upper surface of the knob slightly indented.·

Holotype " ~, on slide marked and Paratypes,' 6 (l~, 1& on the same slide, 4 on two another slides). N'EW DELIII : IARl campus, iv.l971, ex leaves of Phaseolus sp., N'assar Coil. (NPC).

Remarks,' The new species is close to T. katbergensis Meyer but it differs in aedeagal knob which is having longer acute anterior projection and its axis parallel to the axis of shaft and also in chaetotaxy of the tegs and striation on the dorsum.

Field recognitiolJ " This species is dark red in colour.

24. l'etranychus sayedi Baker & Pritchard Tetranychus sayedi Baker & Pritchard, 1960, Ililgardia, 29 (U : 543·545; Meyer,

1974, Entomology Mem:'Dep. Agr/c. Tee". Servo Repllb. S. Afr., 36 : 221.

This species was described from Stanlcyvillc ~nd Belgian Congo by Baker and Pritchard 1960 on manihot. Meyer also reported on manihot in 1974 from Kisanganj, Republic of Zaire.

So far there is no record ofthis species from India. We collected this species on Solanum melongena from Pochampur village in July 1979. This is the first record of this species from India and that 'of host plant from the world.

25 .. Tc.tranychus ncocalcdonicus Andre TetraitYC/lIll neocalecioniclIS Andre, 1933. Dull. Mus. Natn. I1ist. Nell. Pdrls. (Su. 2).

s: 302: Baker and Pritchard, 1960. Jlilgardia. 19 (1) : 546·548; Boudreaux and Dosse, 1963, Acarologia, 5 (l) : 20-2L: Meyer and Rodrigues, 196G, Garfea de Orta, 13 (2) : 9; Attiah, 1969, Acarologla, 11 (4) : 733.741: Meyer, 1914, etltomo­logy Mem. Dcp. Agrie. TecTa. Servo Repl/b .• S. Afr., 36 : 238. -

This species has been reported from a large number of hosts from India and abroad. However, the important hosts recorded in India are Ficus. carica, Phaseo/us l'ulgaris, Vilis Vine/era, Citrus limon, Carica papaya, Pisum salivu'11, Solanum tuberosum, Phaseo/us lunalatus, Mangifera indica, Cucurbita maxima, Solanum melongena, Brassica o!eracea capitata, Citrus limetla, Raphamls satil'Us, Beta l'ulgaris, LycopersicolJ esculmfwll. The material Was collected on citrus from orchards of IARI in July 1979.

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@l: c

D

• tetronychul ~ lIP. nov Mol.

Fig. 15. Tetranytllll$ a/rlndiclI$. sp. nov. male: A. Dorsal view; n. Ventral view: C, Stylophore; D. Tarsal appendages of tarsus I; E, Palptarsus: F Aedeagus.

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1981 NASSAR & GlIAl : ON TBTRAN~'CIIOID MITES 971

26. Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida

Telranych,/I kanzawal Kishida, 1927. Zool. Mag., 39 : 105; Ebara, 1956, J. Fac. Sd. lIokkaldo .Unlv. (Ser. 6) Zool., 12 : 504.507; M.eyer. 1974. Entomolol'Y Mem. Dep. Agrlc. Tech. Servo Repub. S. Afr., 16 ; 227.

Tetranyclms hydrallgea~ Pritchard and Baker. 1955. Paclf. CII. Ent. Soc. Mem., 2: 425;' Rimando, 1902, Tee". BlIl/. Coli. Agr[c. Univ. Philipp., tt : 32.33; Davis, 1968, Qd. J. Acrlc. Anlm. Sci., 2S : 58; Tuttle. Baker and Abbatiello, 1974. Smllh· son. ConI. Zool., 171 : 17; Tuttle, Baker aJ;ld Abbatiello, 1976. IntI. J. Acar., 1 (2) : 95.

This species has a world wide distribution but is recorded for the first time from India: Large number of h.ost plants are reported to be attacked by this species, namely, mulberry, soybean, apple, pear, grape, citrus. dahlia, peach, elderberry and hydrangea. The material was collected on Morus sp. from Janakpuri, New Delhi in November, 1978.

Remarks: According to the present observations, the terminal sensUlum on the palptarsus of male is 3 times as long as broad, which agrees with the description of Meyer (1974) but disagrees with Pritchard and Daker (1955), who described this species as T. hydrangeae and observed that the terminal sensillum on the palptarsus of male is 5 times as long as broad. Wainstein (1960) treated T. hydrangeae as synonym of T. kanzawai. Later, in 1974 Meyer after examining the male specimens of T. kanzawai agreed with Wainstein and put T. hydrangeae as synonym of T. kanzawai. In spite of her observations to the .South African specimens where the terminal scnsiltum on the palptarsus is only 3 times as long as broad, Tuttle, .Daker and Abbatiello (t 974, 76) still disagree with Meyer and they put T. hydrangeae as distinct species. However, in this study T. hydrangeae is con<idercd a synonym of T. kanzawai until further studies are made.

27. Tetranychus tinnabarinus (Boisduval)

Acar/lls le/arills Linnaeus, 1758, S,stema naturae, t, 10th ed. : 616. Tetranyclllls lefar/us : Pritchard and Daker. 19.5.5, Pac//. Cst. En/., Soc. Mem., 2 :

432.445; Meyer and Ryke, 1.959, J. Ent. Soc. Sth Afr., 21 (2): ,332-335: Boudreaux and Dosse, 1963a. In Adl'ances I" Acarology, 1 : 360·361; Meyer and Rodrigues, 1966, Garlca de Orta, 13 (2) : 7·8:. Gutierrez, 1968a, Acarologla, 10 (3) : 441·448.

Acarus cil",abarinus Boisduval, 1867, Easai Sur l' entomologie borticole : 88. Tetranyc"us cln1labarlnus " Boudreaux, 1956. Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., 49: 43.48; Baker

and Pritchard. 1960, IIilgardia, 29 (1) : 554-551; Kriegler and Meyer, 1963. J. Ent. Soc. Sth. Afr., 26 (l) : 79-81; Manson. 11961, Acarolol'la, 9 '(3) : 588·589; Tuttle and Baker, 1968, Tucson Ariz. Univ. Press: 129.130; Tuttle, Baker and -Abbatiello, 1974, Smllhson. ConI. Zool., 171 : 16. Meyer,.1974. Entomology Mem. Dep. Agrlc. Tech. Serv. Repub. S. Afr., 36 : 23.5.

This species has a world wide distribution and is a serious pest of many cultivated plants. In India it has been recorded on large number of hosts, e.g. JIibiscus esculentus; Citrullus )'ulgaris yare fiSlulosus; Phaseolus mungo. P. aculi .. folius, P. radialus, LuJfa aeg),pliaca, Solanum melon gena, Ricinus communis,

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I

r

Fig. 16. ,Tetronytl!ul zallerl. sp. nov, female: A, Dorsal side; D, Ventral side; C. PaJplarsus; D, Stylophore.

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1981 NASSAR & GliAl' ~ ON TENRANYCIIOID MITES 373

CU'curbita max/rna and Gossypiwllhirsutum etc. The authors collected this species on Solanum me/ongena, Spil1acia oleracea, l/ibiscus esctlle!li1fs, Lycopcrslcon esculenlum, Raphamls sativus and Musa pardis;aca from lAIH' campus in September, '1979 and on Eriobolrya japonica and Psidiul1I gtlajal'a from Shakti Nagar, New,Delhi in Augu~t, 1979.

28. Tetranychus urticac Koch

Telran),chllS IIrt/cae Koch, 1836. Deutsche Crustacea, ,Myripoda, Arachinlda Fasc. J; Doudreaux..and Dosse, 1963a, In Advances in ,Acarology. 1 : 350·360; Manson, 1967, Acarofog;a, 9 (3) : 586·588; Tuttle and Baker, 1968. Tucson Ariz. Unjv. Press: 129.-Tuttle, Baker and AbbatiellO, 1974, Smithson. Cont. Zool., 171 ': 17; Meyer, 1974, Entomology Mem. Dep. Agr/c. Tech. Servo Repub. S. Afr., 36 : 234; Chaudhri, Akbar & Rasoot. 1974. PL-480 Project on mites, Univ. of Agric .• Lyallpur;Pakistan, p. 144.

Ttlranyc!,us lclarius (Linn.) Baker and Pritchard, 1960, IIilgardia, 29 (tt) : S57·S59~ Estebanes and Baker, 1968, An. Esc. naco Ciellc. bioI. Alex .• 15 : 61-133.

Mites of this species-complex have been recorded on more.. than 150 hosts, some of which include most important agricultural crops and ornamental plants. This species-complex is one of the most destructive, often killing the plants rapidly. In this study this species was collected t>n leaves of watermelon in the glass house of the Division of Nematology, IARf, New Delhi in May, 1980.

29. Tetranychus zaherl, sp. nov. (Figs. 16, 't 1)

Female: Dimensions of holotype : length of body (including gnathosoma) ,524 p.; length of body (excluding gnathosoma) 434 1'; breadth 299 1'.

Dorsum: Dorsal body with 13 pairs of se~ae including onc pair of humerals, all setae long, slender, serrate, pointed and longer than distance between their bases. Propodosoma bearing longitudinal striae; hysterosomal striae mostly transverse,.except longitudinal striae between the members of the third pair of dorsocentrals hyst~ros.omals and the members of the fourth pair of dorsocentral hysterosomals forming a diamond-shaped figure in the area between these two pairs of setae;dorsal striae provided with mixture o( rounded and triangular lobes.

Gnathosoma : Stylophore rounded anteriorly; palpus provided with terminal sensiUum which is about as long as broad; peritreme strongly hooked distally.

Legs: Setae and solenidia (in parentheses) disposed on' the leg podolllcres as follows: Coxae 2-2-1!.1; femora 10-6-4-4; genua 5-5·4·4; tibiae 9 (l )-6-6 .. 7; tarsi ]3(1)+2 dupl.-13 (2)+1 dupl.-9(l)-10(l), tarsus I with 4 tactile se'tae proximal to duplex setae.

Venter: Striae on venter mostly transverse; ventral setae 3 pairs, simple. Genital area with one pair of pre-genital, 2 pairs of genital, 2 pairs af ,anal and one pair of para-anal setae; all setae simple. Genital flap bearing transverse striae, while the area immediately anterior to the flap with longitudinal striae. Medioventral striae on the podosoma provided with lobes.

Male: Dimensions: length of body (incluoing gnathosoma) 379 It; length of body (excluding gnathosoma) 2551'; breadth 186 p..

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• T.lranychul !!!!!:! fp nOll Mol.

Vol. 15. No.4

Fig. 17. Telran),chul zolterl, sp. nov. male: A. Dorsal view; n. Ventral vjew~ C. Patptarsus; D. Tarsal appendages or tarsus I; E. Aedeagus.

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1981 NASSAR & aliAI : ON TETRANYCIIOID MITtS 375

Dorsal setae shorter than those of female and also slender, serrate, pointed and longer than the intervals between them. Genital area with one pair of pre" genital and 4 pairs of genitoanal setae. Pal pus with a terminal sensillum about 2.5 times as long as broad. Chaetotaxy of legs as follows: Coxae 2-2-1-1; femora 10-6·4-4; genua 5-5-4-4; tibiae 9 (3)-7-6-6; tarsi 13 (2)+2 dupJ.-13 {O+ I dupl. 9 (1)-9; tarsus I bearing 4 tactile setae and 2 solenidia promimal'to duplex setae. Empodium I with the proximoventral spurs slender and tridigitate while mediodorsal spur minute.

Aedeagus : Shaft of aedeagus short, broad and curving dorsad to form a large knob which is provided with an acute anteri~r and posterior projection; the knob about 0.33 the length of dorsal margin of shaft and its axis parallel to axis of shaft; upper surface of aedeagal knob rounded.

J/olotype :~, on 'Slide marked and Paratypes : 8 (l~, 2Jcr on the same slide. 5 on two another slides). NEW DELlfI: Sarai Rohilla, ix.1979, ex leaves of Phuseolus mlgaris, Nassar Coli. (NPC)

Remarks: This new species is near T. Ileopolys Tuttle, Baker & Abbatiello and differs in aedeagal knob which has got acute anterior projection bent ventrally and upper surface rounded. It is also different in chaetotaxy of the legs.

Field recognition: This species is dark red in colour.

30. Tctranychus papayae, sp.,nov. (Figs. 18, 19)

Female: Dimensions of holotype : length of body (including gnathosoma) 579 p.; length of body (excluding gnathosoma) 431 p.; breadth 338 p..

Dorsum: Dorsal body with 13 pairs of long. slender. serrate and pointed setae, all setae longer than distance between thdr bases. Propodosoma bearing longitudinal striae; striae between the members of third and fourth pairs of dorsocentral hysterosomal setae longituditlal and forming a diamond-shaped figure between these two pairs of setae. Dorsal lobes on striae differing in shapes and sizes, mostly scmir.ircular and with basal spots.

{jnathosoma: Stylophorc notched anteriorly; terminal sensillum on tho paJptarsus about as long as proad, pcritreme hooked distally.

Legs: Formula for the leg setae and solenidia (in parentheses) as follows: Coxae 2-2-1-1; femora 10-6-4-4; genua S.S-4-4; tibiae 9 (1)-1-6-1; tarsi 13 (1)+2 dupl.-13+ 1 dupl.-9(l), tarsus I f bearing 4 tactile setae promimal to duplex setae.

Venter: Striae on venter mostly transverse; ventral setae 3 pai~s simple. Genital area with one pair of pre-genital, 2 pairs of genital, 2 pairs of anal and one pair of para-anal setae; all setae simple. Genital flap with transverse setae, while the area immediately anterior to the flap having longitudinal striae. Lobes on the mediovcntral striae low and wide. '

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376 ORIENT AL INSECTS Vol. 15, No.4

relro"ychus ~oe IP nov Femole

Fill:. 18. Tetl'Ql/ychus papayae, sp. nov. female: A, Dorsal view; n, Ventral view; C, Palptarsus; D. Stylophore.

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1981 NASSAR & OIlAI : ON TETRANYCIIOID MITES 377

}.fale : Dimensions: length of body (including gnathosoma) 310 p; length of body (cxcluding gnathosoma) 221p; b-rcadth-169p.

Dorsal setae shorter than thosc of female and also stender, serrate, pointed and longer than the intervals between them- Genital area with one pair of pre­genital and 4 pairs of genitoanal setae. Terminal senillum on the palptarsus about 3 timcs as long as broad. Chactotaxy of legs as follows: Coxae 2-2-1-1; femora 10-6-4-4; genua 5-5·4-4; tibiac 9 (4)-7-6-6; tarsi 13 (3)+2 dupl.·13 (1)+ I dupJ.- 9 (t)- to (I); tarsus I bearing 4 tactile setae and 2 solenidia proximal to duplex setae. Empodium I with proximoventral spurs tridigitate and also provided with strong mediodorsal spur.

Aedcagus : Shaft of the -aedeagus bcnt dorsad forming distally knob which is about 0.33 the length of dorsal margin of the shaft and its axis not parallel to axis of the shaft. Aedeagal knob with strong acuminate anterior angulation curved ventrad while caudal angulation shortcr and broader than anterior pro­jection. Upper surface of knob straight.

llololype: !?, on slide marked and Paral),pes: 14 (I!?, H on the same slide, 12 on four another slides). NEW DELlII : Janakpuri, viii.1979, ex leaves of Carica"popayo, Nassar ColI. (NPC).

Remarks : .This species comcs close to T. tWlIldus Danks but differs in aedeagal knob which is having strong acuminatc anterior projection and small posterior projection. It is also different in chaetotaxy of legs.

Field recogllition .' This species is straw-coloured or greenish, with a spot on each side of the body.

Family: TENUIPALPIDAB DcrIese TENUIPALPINI Dcrlese, 191.3, Acarotheca italica, p. 7.

TENUIPA~PINAE Sa)ed, 1950, Proc. EiGhth Int. Congr. Ent., 1016.

TENUIPALPIDAE Sayed, 1950,' P,,'c .. Eighth Int. Congr. Enl., JOI5; Pritchard and Daker, 1958, Un/v. Calif. Pub. Ent., 14 (3) : 176.J78; Meyer and Ryke, 1959, J. Enl. Soc. Sill Afr., 11 (2) : 316·317; Baker and Prltchrad, 1960, HI/gardia, 29 (LI) 560; MitroJanov, )'973a, Zool. ZII., 52 (4) : 507; Meyer, 1919, Enltlmology Mem. Dep. Agrlc. Tul,. Servo Repllb. S. Afr., 5D : J. •

PIIYTOPTJPALPIDAE Ewing, 1922, Proc. £,,1. Soc. Wash., 24 (4) : 101j Daker and Pritchard, J953, Ann. Enl. Soc. Am., 46 (3) : 311.

PStUDOLI'PTIDAE Oudemans, 1928, Enl. Ber. AIIU/., 7 : 281; Baker, 1949, Am. Midi. Na/:, 42 (2) : 353.

TRICHADENIDAB Oudemans, 1938. TUdschr. EIII., 81 : 75; Baker, 1945, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 47 (2) : 33.

PSEUDOTETUNYCIIIDAE Sayed, 1938, Bull. Mus. Naln. 1I/sl. Nal. Paris, (2) to : 602.

The name of the family Tcnuipalpidae was ba.sed on,the genus Tenuipalpus Donnadieu which was erected by Donnadieu as early as in 1875 to take in an already described species cauda/us under the genus Tl'ombldillnl. Since then the genus Ttll11il'alpn~ appears to have been 'placed under the family Tctranychidae Donnadicu untill 1913 when Derlese erect cd a new group Tenuipalpini and separated it from the family Tetranychidac in a private publication but it

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TeiranyChua papaya. ap nov Mal.

Vol. 1 S, No.4

Fig. 19. Ttlranychlll papa)'oc, sp. nov. male: A, Dorsal view; D, Ventral view; C, Palptarsus; D, Tarsal appendages of tarsus J; E. Aedeagus.

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1981 NASSAR & GliAl: ON TETRANYCIIOID MITES 379

remaincd completely neglected. This group . has also been known by several naptcs-Trichadenidae, Pseudoleptidae and now Tenuipalpidae.,A few generic revisions were published before Pritchard & Daker (1951) surveyed the tenuipal­pids of California and established the classification.

In the present study the following concept has been used for I this family based on the revisionary works of Pritchard and Daker (1958) and Meyer (1979).

Members of the family Tenuipalpidae can be recognised by having simple pal pus which lacks a claw on the penultimate segment. Segmentation of pal pus is often. reduced. The chaetotaxy of the dorsum is of considerable importance and has the following basic pattern: propodosoma always with 3 pairs of setae; hysterosoma has 1·3 pairs of dorsocentrals or none, one pair of humerals and 5-7 pairs of dorsolaterals, there may be 1-4-pairs of dorsosublateral hysteroso­mals or not at all. Metapodosomal venter usually bears 2 pairs of medioventral setae which may vary in different species from onc to several pairs. There may or may not be a distinct ventral and genital plate. Acdeagus long and tapering. Legs short and wrinkled; there are solenidia on the distal ends of tarsi I and II of the female, 2 on tarsus I and one or two on tarsus II; male has a pair of solenidia on both tarsus I and II. True tarsal claws may be hooked or padlikc and with tenent hairs; empodium consists of a pad with tenent hairs.

Ten species reported here belong to three genera, namely, Telluipalpus Donnadieu, Terminalichus Anwarullah and Khan and Brevipalpus Donnadieu, which can be separated by the following key based on the aduJts:

KEY TO TilE GENERA OF TENUJP ALPIDAB

l. Hysterosoma with dorsocentral and one pair or without dorsosublateral $etae; first and second dorsolateral setae simple • • • . . . . . . . . 2

Hysterosoma with one pair or without dorsocentral and dorsosublateral setae; first and second dorsolateral setae long and serrate • • • • . • • . . • .. • • • • • • • • • .' Termlnallchus Anwarullah and Khan

2. lIysterosoma normally with penultimate pair of dorsolateral setae' llagel1iform . • • • • • • • • • '. , . • • Tenulpalpus Donnadieu

Hysterosoma normally with penultimate pair of dorsolateral setae or normal length . • . • • • • • • ., .• .Brevlpalpus Donnadeiu

7. Genus Terminalichus Anwarullah & Khan

Terminolie/IlI' Anwarullah & Khan, 1973, .Porl. Acta Bioi. (Sec. D), 12 (1·4) : 5. Patpus 3-segmented with a spine-like sensory seta distally; second segment

longest with a serrate seta towards anterior end; rostral shield bifurcate; propo-~

dosoma with irregular broken striae laterally; first and tbird pair of propodosomals short as compared to second pair; 'hysterosoma with 4 pairs of' long, slender, serrate dorsolateral setae, last 2 pairs much shorter as compared to the first and second, dorsocentral hysterosoma)s one pair or lacking, a pair of anterior and po·sterior m~~joyentral setae present; ventrogenital plate extending lip to

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380 ORIENT AL INSECTS Vol. IS, No.4

the posterior margin of coxae IV, considerably longer than broad with a pair of ventral and 2 pairs of genital setae; anal plate with 2 pairs of anal setae.

Type·species : Terminalichus' karachiensis Anwarullah & Khan.

So far 3 species of this genus are recorded from India, viz. T. panajiensis Maninder & Ghai on Terminalia sp., T. delhiensis Maninder & Gh:li and T. karachi(,lISis Anwarullah & Khan on Terminalia catappt1.

In this work 3 species of th)s genus were collected of which one is new to science. These can be separated by the following.key.

KEY TO TilE INDIAN SPECIES OF TERMINALlCHUS A. & K.

1. Hysterosoma with prominent furrow. , . • . . • . ... . • . • 1 Hysterosoma witho,ut any furrow . . . . . . . • . • • • . • •

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . karachiensis Anwarullah and Khan 2. Second pair of propodosomol setae more than 3 times as long as third pair of

propodosomal setae. • . • • . • • . • • • • serratus, sp. nov. Second pair of propodosomal setae less than 2 times as long as· third pair of

propodosomal setae,' . .. ...• delhiensis Maninder and Ghai

31. Terminalichus karacbiensis Anwarullah & Khan

7'erminalicllS karachiensis Anwarullah & Khan, 1973, Prol. Ac/a. Bioi. (Ser. D), n (1·4) : S; Maninder & Ghai, 1978, Indian J. EIII., 40 : 219.

This species was' first described from Pakistan on Terminalia catappa and then from India on Terminalia arjuna. So far the,e is no record of this species on vegetable and fruit crops· The authors collected this' species on the leaves of Psidium guajava from Sarai Rohilla, Shakti Nagar, Delhi in September, 1979. 'This is the second report of this species from India and the host plant is a new recbrd from the world.

32. Tcrmlnalichus serratus, sp. nov. (Fig. ~O)

Female: Dimensions of holotype : length of body 206 J1.. the greatest width of body 103 p,.

Dorsum: Rostrum long, reaching the distal end of' femur Ii rostral shield bifucate, not reaching up .to the middle of femur I; propodosop-la without any striae while hysterosoma with a regular lateral furrow, starting from third coxae and converging slightly towards the median line at metapodosomal position. Dorsal setae slender and strongly serrate; propodosom~l setae 3 pairs 31p, 66p" 21 1-', from first to third respectively, second pair of propodosomal setae about twice as longl as the first pair, and about thrice' as 10,ng as third pair. Hysterosoma with a pair of humerals 17,.",4 pairs of dorsolaterals I·IV S9 1-', 451', 14,.", 141-' respectively, dorsocentrals absent, a pair of prominen t pores slightly below the metapodosomal region.

Gnathosoma (411-'). Gnathosoma with a pair of mihute simple setae ventrally; pal pus 3-segmented.first.or basal segment very small. second the longest with l:\.

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1981 NASSAR & GliAl: ON TIllRANYCUOtD MITES 381

a long serrate seta anteriorly, nnd the ·third short nearly 0.25 of second and having a spine-like terminal seta which is about thrice as long as the third segment.

Legs: Chaetotaxy of lcgs (solenidia in parentheses) as follows: Coxae 3-2-1-J; trochanters 1-1-2-1; femora 3-3-2-2; genua 2-2-0-0; tibiae 5.5:2-2; tarsi 50)-5. (1)-4-4; the inner dorsal seta on femur I strongly serrate and about].S times as long as inner distal seta; inner and outer dorsal scta on femur II also strongly serrate and about equal in length; inner dorsal seta about 1.S. times as long as inner distal seta and slightly serrate.

Ventcr : Venter with few broken transverse striae at the position of anterior medioventral setae; these striae converging towards the coxae II; venter with a pair of anterior medioventral riletapodosoma]s (10 11). a pair of posterior. medioventrnl (41 1-'), ventroge~ital plate extending behind the posterior margin of' coxae IV, considerably longer than broad, with few tansverse striae in the middle and broken longitudinal striae on each side of it, with a pair of vcntrals serrate, two pairs of genital, and two pairs of anal setae simple.

Alaie: Not known. ll%/)'PC .' ~, on slide matked and Paraiypes.' 13~~ (S on the same slide, 8

on two another slides). NEW DHm: IARI campus, vii.1979: ex leaves of PsidiuIH guaj(Jl'a, N:assar ColI. (NPC).

Remarks : This species in near T. delhimsis Maninder & Ghai but differs from it in having second pair of propodosomals mueh longer than third pair and also different in chaetotaxy of Jegs nnd length of setae.

Field recogllftioll : This species is light yeUowish in colour.

33. Tcnninalicltus dclbiensls Maninder & Ghai

Termlnal/d,ul clelMtnsls Maninder '" Ohal, 1918. Indian I. En/ .• 40 : 218.

So far. this species is known only from India on Termfnalia arjtma. In this study it is recorded on leaves of Psidium guajava from Shakti Nagar, Delhi in September, 1919. This is the second report of this species from India. The host plant is a new record. 8. Genus Tenuipalpus Donnadieu

Tenulpalpus Donnadieu, 1815, Rescherches pour Servir a l'histoirc des Tetranyques. pp. 139-140: Vitztbum, 1929, Tierwell Mltteleu., 3 (7) : 48: Lawrence, 1940, J. Ent. Soc. Sih A/r., 3: 114: Sayed. 1942. In' En'. Bu/l. Soc. Found., 26 : 93; Lawrence, 1943, TranI. E. Soc. S,I,. A/r., 30 (I) : 41; Sayed. 1946'a. IeI' Ent. Bul/. Soc. Fouad., 30 : 99; Baker and I'ritchard, 1.953, AI/n. Enl. Soc. Am., 46 (3) : 317; PritChard and Baker. 19S8, Un!v. CaUf. Pub. Enl., 14 (3): 235; Meyer & Ryke, 1959, J. Ent. Soc. SII, A/r.. 21 (2): 322: Daker and Pritchard, 1960, l1i1gardla, 29 (II) 4~4: 'Collyer, 1913a, N. Z. I. Sci." 16 : 915; Mitro(anov. 1973a, Zool. Zh •• 52 (9) : 13J8: Meyer, 1979, Dllom%gl Mem· Dcp. Agrlc. Tt,tb. Servo Rtpub. S. A/r., 50 : 3.

C%pa/plls Pritchard & Baker, 1958, Un/v. Calf. Pub. Em., 14 (3) :' 528; Baker and Tuttle, '1972, SmiThson. Conlrl. Z()ol., 116 i 34; Collyer, 1913, N. Z. J. Sci., 16 : 529.

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382 ORIENTAL INSEyTS Vol. 15, No.4

c

D N tit

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/It.

.. 0 0 0

B

Tttmil'lollchus s.rratus sp noy. ~.mot.

Fig. 20. Terminalicus serratus. sp. nov. female: A. Dorsal view; D, Ventral view; C, Pa\pus: D, Femur IIi E, Femur I.

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Pal pus 1-3 segmented; rostral shield well developed incised and partly covering the gna<thosoma; propodosoma with 3 pairs of dorsal setae; hystero­soma with a pair of bumcraJs. 5.6 pairs or dorsolaterals. 1-3 pairs of dorso­centrals, dorsosublatcral absent. Hysterosoma with flagemrorm penultimate pair of dorsolateral setae or when without flagelliform setae, podosoma very broad and opisthosoma very narrow. Body shape varying from elongate-ovate to oval or with broad podosoma, and strongly differentiated from narrow opisthosoma. Ventral and genital plates fused together to form a genitoventral plate or separated; if ventral p1ate separate. it is not quadrangular in shape.

Type-species ~ Tenuipalpus caw.latus Duges (= T. pa/malus Donnadieu)

To date only 6 species of this genus are ~nown to be associated with vegetable and fruit crops in India. During this work 4 species were collected, of which one is new to science. These species and the known ones associated with vegetable and fruit crops can be separated by the following key based on the adults.

KEY TO TUE INOlAN SPECIES OF TENUlPALPUSDoNNAOlEU

1. Podosoma with one pair of posterior medioventral setae • • • • • • 1 ,Podosoma with more than one pair of posterior medioventral setae. • • 5

2. lIysterosoma. truncate, with a prominent projection anterior to coxa III .' . • . . • . . '. • • • • lalbaghenllis ChannaDasavanna and Lakkundi

Hysterosoma not truncate and without projection anterior to coxa lIt • • 3 3. Dorsal setae lubspatulatc and serrate • • • • • nd Manindar and Ghat

Dorsal setae setiform. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .' • 4 4. Dorsum with strons irregular reticulations. dorsoceotra1 hysterosomal setae

minute . • • • • . . • • • • • • punh:ae Pritchard and 'Daker Dorsum without retlculation; dorsotentral hY'terosom~t setae nearly of same

length as non·flagellate caudolateral setae . ••• yousel'l, ip. nov. 5. Dorsocentral hysterosomal setae 3 paJrs • . .. • . ~ • • • • • • 5

Dorsbcentrat hysterosomal setae one pair • • . • granlltSayed 6. Setae on tibiae I·tV 4.4.3.3 . . • • • • • . • • • • . • • 6

Setae on tibiae I.IV 5·$·3-3 • • .• • • I. • • • • dlmensu'i Chaudhri . -1. Rostral shield reacbinl up Jo 1m, anterior cnd of trochanter I • ',' . •

• • • • • • • • ~ • • • • • L • pyruc;ae Manindar and Ghal

Rostral shieid r~aching up to the middto or femur I • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • prunl Manindar and Ghat

34. TCDuipaJpus punlcac Pritchard & Daker

Tenuipa/pu$ pun/cae Pritchard & Baker, 1958, Univ. Cali]'. Puh. En/., 14 (3): 240, Walnstein, 1960, Kazakh. Abd. Set'sk. Nalik. Nauch. lssled. Ins', Zasn. Ras,. Trudy, 5 : 245; Livshits and MitroCanov. 1961; P,oc. Nlkltsky Botanic Garden. 31): 32; Rivero, 1911, Anales dell,lst/tuto Naclanaldt Investllac/ones Acra"/as Protec­liOn Vecelal •• 1 : 110; Dhoorla and Sandhu. 1973, Curro Scl.,41 (5) : 1'19; Zaber, Rasmy &. Abou, 1974 .. Z. Angew. En,., 69 (I) : 59; Collyer, 1913a. N. Z. Jr. Sci., 16; 924; Meyer, 1919, Entomology Ment. Dip, Agric.- Ttch. Servo Rtpub. S. A/, .• SO: 23.

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384 ORIENT At INSECTS Vol. 15, Nb. 4

This sp,ccies was described from Palestine on Punica grallatum. Its further records are from India, Pakistan. Spain, Egypt and USSR. In India it has been recorded on l'unica granatum and PrwlUS sp. from Delhi and Punjab. The authors collected it on Psidiwn guajal'a* from Janakpuri, New Delhi, in October 1979 and on Punica granatum from Shakti Nagar, Delhi in August 1979.

35. TCDuipalpus yousefi, sp. nov. (Fig. 21)

Female: Dimel1sions of holotype : length of body 293 1-'; the greatest width of b9dy 145 1-'.

Dorsum: Rostral shield deeply notched reaching beyond the anterior end of trochanter I; propodosoma with transverse thick line, striations on the middle. longitudinal broken striations laterally below eyes; hysterosoma with transverse striations dorsomcdian and longitudinal.broken lines laterally, a few longitudinal striations present to the caudal end. Dorsal body setae minute and setiform, 3 pairs of propodosomal setae measuring 141-'. 14 I-' and 21 p. from first to third respectively. Hysterosoma with a pair of humerals (10 It), 5 pairs of dorsolateral setae, all measuring 10 It in length except the fourth pair which is flagelliform (681-'), the first 2 pairs of caudolatcrals shorter than the distances between their bases; the members of the third pair reaching to the bases of the flagellate setae.

Gnathosoma (421-'): Ventrally gnathosoma bearing one pair of minute serrate setae. paJpus 4·segmented,.first segment broadest, second segment longest with an oblique false segmentation and barbed seta towards anterior end, terminal segment bearing a long and short solcnidia, the long solenidion being about thrice as long as fourth segment.

Legs: Chaetotaxy of the legs (solenidia in parentheses) as follows: Coxae 3-2-)-1; trochanters 1-1-2-1; femora 4·4·2-1; genua 3-3-1-0; tibiae 4-4-3-3; tarsi 5 (1)-5 (1)4-4; the inner dorsal seta on femur I serrate lane eo late and about thrice as long as the inn.er distal seta, inner and outer dorsal seta on femur II also lanceolate serrate and about equal in length.

Venter: Venter provided with a pair of short anterior medioventral meta­podosomals (10 ft), a pair·of·postt:rior medioventral metapodosomals (45 1-'), a pair of ventrals, 2 pairs of genital and 2 pairs of anal setae; all ventral setae nude. Ventrogenital plate with smooth transverse striae and few longitudinal striae on both side.

A/ale: Not known, llolot)'pc :~, on slide marked and Paratypes : 3 ~ (on another slide). NEW

DELlll : JARI campus, v;1979, ex leaves of Psidinm guajava, Nassar CoIl. (NPC).

Remarks: This new species is near T. Indicus Maninder & Ghai but differs

*New record from world

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1981 NASSAR &. GliAl: ON TBTRANYCIIOID MITES 385

in luning 4·scgmcntcd palpus, in dorsal striae, in the chaetot~xy of legs and in the length of setae.

Field recognitioll : This species is red in colour.

36. TenuipaJpus dimensus Cbaudhari

Tenulpalpus dlmensus,. Chaudbarl, 1971, Pakistan J. Zool., 3 (2) : 205: Collyer, 1973a, N. Z. J. Scf., 16 : 922; Cbaudhrl, Akbar and Rasool, 1974, PL-480 Project on mites, University of Agriculture, LyaUpur. Pakistan (Report), p. 13: Manlnder and Ghai, 19783, Oriental Ins. J:Z (2) : 2S1.

This species was described from Pakistan on Pyrus amygdalus, P. boklzariel'· sis and P. communis. In India it has been recorded on PyrtlS malus and PruIJus persi~a from Delhi. The authors collected on PrtUlIlS pers/ca from IARI campus in Iuly, 1979.

37. TcnuipaJpus pyrusac Maninder & Ghai

Tenllipalplls pyrusat Maninder & Ghal, 1978a, Oriental bu. tl (2) : 257.

This species was described from India on Pyrus malus, with no report from elsewhere. During this work it was collected on the leaves of Pyrus commllnis from the orchards of fARI, New Delhi in September, 1979. The host plant is a new record.

9. Genus BrevipaJpus nonnadieu

Dm'!pa!plls Donnadieu, J875, Recherches pour Servif a l'hisioriro des Tetrany· ,ques, pp. 143·l45; Vitzthum, 1942, In DroDns Klassen und Ordnungen des Tierreichs S, pp. 811: Daker, 1949, Am. Midi. Nat., 41 (2): 350; Pritchard and Baker. 1958, Univ. Cali/ Pub. Ent., 14 (3) : 196: Attiah, 19S6, Dlit/. Soc. Ent. Eg),pu, 40 : 433; Meyer and Ryke, 1959, J. Enl. Soc. Sih A/r., 21 (2) : 318; Baker and Pritchard, J960, lIi/gardla, 29 (11) : 562; Mitrofanov, 1913, Zool. ZIJ., 51 (4) : 510-511: Chaudhri, Akbar and Rasool, 1974, PL·480 Project on mites, Univer­sity of Agriculture, Lyallpur, Pakistan (Report). p. 33: Meyer, 1979, Entom%gy Mem. Dep. Agrlc. Tech. Servo Repub. S. A/r., SO : 74.

CenopalpuJ Pritchard and Daker, 1958, Unlv. Calf. Pub. Ent., 14 (3): 190.196. Meyer and Ryke, J959, J. Ent. Soc. Sih A/r., 21 (2) : 322" Baker and Pritchard, 1960, lIi/gardia, 29 (11): 561: Zaher and Youser, 1969, Acar%gia, 11 (2): 278j Mitrofanov, J973, Zool. Zh., 51 (4) : 509·511.

Palpus 4·segmented; a pair of simple setae on venter of rostrum; rostral shield present, dorsum of adults nearly always reticulate or coarsely striate. Propodosoma with 3 pair of dorsal setae; hystcrosoma with a pair of humerals, S or 6 pairs of dorsolaterals and 3 pairs 'of dorsocentrals, dorsosublaterals may or may not present; a pair of medioventral propodosomals, a p~ir of anterior medioventral metapodosomals and a pair of posterior medioventral metapodo­somal setae. Female wit~ definite v~ntral platc having one pair of sctae; genit~1 plate with 2 pairs of setae, anal plate with 2 pairs of setae. A distinct dorsal suture between propodosoma and hystcrosoma, additional suture dividing

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386 ORIENT AL INSECTS Vol. IS, No.4

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o E

• T.nUlpolput you .. ti '~. nov. Femole

Fig. 21. Tenu!pafpul J'ousefi. ap. nov. female: A, Dorsal view; n, Ventral view; C, Palpus; D, Femur II; E, Femur I.

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hysterosoma into 2 in male; males and females look quite dissimilar. Legs usually wrinkled and with a pair of claws; pulvillus and tenent hairs and one or two sensory rods on tarsus II .

.. Type-species: Brevlpalp'ls obovatus Donnadieu. So (ar only 4 species of this genus are known to be associated with veget·

able and fruit crops in India, of which 3 species are included in this study. These can be separated by the following key:

KEY TO Tlln INDIAN SPECIES OF BREVIPALPUS DONN ADIEU

t. lIysteroloma with 5 pairs of dorsolaterals. • • • • . • • % lIysterosoma with 6 pairs of dorsoJaterals • • caUfomlcus (Baker)

2. Tarsus II with a singJe solenidion di~tally • •• • '. • • . • 3; Tarsus II with 2 solenidia distally • .' " • • phoenlcls (Geijskes)

3. Propodosoma smooth medi~dorsally and with rather even reticulations media-oJaterally. • • • . • • • • • • '. • • obovatus Donnadieu

Propodosoma with median ridge and broad lateral marlin Irregularly rugose • • • • • • • • • • • '. • • • • • deleonl Pritchard and Daker

38. BrevipaJpus ,caUfornicus .(Banks)

TmulpalplIJ cali/ornlcus Danks, 1904, 'J. N.Y. Ent .• n : 55: BrevlpalplIs californlcus : Pritchard and Baker. 1958. Un/v. Calif. Pub. Enl., 14 (3) :

216; Meyer and Ryke. 1959. J. Ent. Soc. Sth AIr., 21 (2) : 318-319; Baker and Pritchard, 1960, I1ilgardia •. 29 (11) : S62-56j; Meyer and Rodriguez, 1966, Garlca de orta, 13 (2) : 1<J.15; Meyer, 1979. Entomo(olY Mem. Dep. Agrlc. Tech. Servo Repub. S. Afr •• 50 : 79.

TenufpalpuJ aUJra1is Tucker. 1926. S. AIr. Dep. Agrlc. Di'l. Ent. Mem., 5: 3 Lawrence, 1943, TranJ. E. Soc. 8th AIr •• 30 (I) : 39.

Brevipalpu$ QustraliJ : Pritchard and Baker, 1951, Unlv. Calif. Publ. Enl .• ,9 (I): 2: Attiah, 1956, Bull. Soc. Ent. Egypte. 40 : 443-444.

This species bas a world wide distribution and a wide host range. In India it has been recorded on citrus, Brassica campastTis, Citrus limon, Citrus aurantl· folia, C. reticulalo, C. sinensis. Ficus carica. ltforus alba and several other ornamental plants. In the present study it was colleCted on Citrullus }'ulgaris· and Phaseolus vulgaris·, at IARI campus in September, 1979 and on Vitfs vini/era and Alongi/era indica in IARI orchards in July, 1979.

39. DredpaJpus phoenicis (Geijskcs) TenulpalpuJ plloenlclJ Geijslces, 1939, Meckd. Landb .• Ooltseh. Waltnlnltn, 4% (4) :

23. lJrevlpalpuJ phoen/cls , Baker. 1949, Am.- MidI • . Nat .• 41: (2): 360; Attlah, 1956,

Bull. Soc. Enl. Egyple. 40 : 441. Pritchard and Balcer, 1958. U"iv. Calif. Pub. Ent., 14 (3) : 233; Baker and Pritchard, 1960, lIi1gardia, 19 (11) : 563.564; Meyer and Rodriguez, 1966, Garlca de Orta, 13 (2) i 15-16: Gonzalez, 1915, Acarologla, 11 (I) : 82-9J; Meyer, 1919, Entomology Mtm. Dep. ,",ric. Tuh. Servo Rrpllb. S. AIr .• so: 81 .

• Now records.

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388 ORIENTAL INSECTS Vol. IS, No.4

This species is well distributed throughout the world and has many host plants. It has been· recorded from India on citrus, pomegran~te; grapevine, okra and several ornamental plants. In the present study it was collected on Musapardisiaca, Ficus carica·, Citru.'i aUl'antium, Psidium guajava, PrtlntlS persica and Solanum melongena from JARI.campus in September ana October 1979, on Arlocarpus heterophyllus, PWlica granatum, Morus sp. and Erioborrya jap~nica· from Shakti Nagar, Delhi in October, ·1979; on Phaseolus vulgaris and Amra from Sarai Rohilla, New Delhi in September.' 1979; on Vitis' vini/era and Cucurbila· sp. from IARI orchards and on Luffa acutangula from Bharta! village, New Delhi in August, 1979 and on sapota from Janakpuri, New Delhi in August, 1979.

40. Brnipalpus obovatus Donnadieu

Brevipa/pus obol'atus Donnadieu, 1875, Recherches pour Servir. a l'histoire des Tetranyques p. 144; Pritchard and Baker, 1958, Un/v. Calif. Pub, Ent., 14 (3) : 231; Meyer and Ryke, 1959. J. ent. Soc. Sf;'. Afr., 21 (2): 319-320; Baker and Pritchard, 1960, Hilgardia. 29 (11) : 563; Meyer and Rodriguez, 1966. Garcia de orta, 13 (2) : IS; Chaudhri, Akbar and Rasool. 1914. PL-4S0 Project on mites University of Agriculture, Lyallpur, Pakist~n (Report), p. 48; Meyer, 1979, Entomology Mem. Dtp. Agrle. Tech. Servo Repub. S. Afr., 50 : 86. . .

Tenuipalpu! inornafUs Danks, 1912, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash, 14 : 97. BreI'lpalplls inornatlll : Attiah, lQS6. Bull. Soc. Ent. Egypte, 40 : 440.

This species has world wide distribution and wide host range. It has been recorded from India on Psidium guajava, Hibiscus' esculentus and several ornamental plants. In' this study it was collected on Punica granatum· from Zoolosical Garden, New Delhi in August 1978 and ,on Ficus carica and Zizyphus sp.· from IARI orchard in September 1979.

DISCUSSION

Detailed micromorphological studies conducted on 40 species of tetrany­choid mites belonging to the families Tetranychidae and Tenuipalpidae. associated with vegetable and fruit crops presented in this contribution . along with a critical appraisal of literature on the mites of this group, bring to light certain interesting points regarding their taxonomic status which are discussed below:

To date only 99 species of tetranychid and tenuipalpid mites under 16 genera. are known t() be associated with vegetable and fruit crops from various parts of the world. This also includes. 13 new species added in this work. The basis for separation ;f some of the genera and subgenera has not been uniform and different workers have attributed varying amount of strength to the characters they have chosen for the purpose.

Wainstein (1960) took an ·extremely liberal view .and divided the genus TetranJ'clUls Dufour into 7 subgenera Tetranyc/tus Dufour, Pent(Jll),chus

.Ncw record.

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Wainstein, S('ptollyc/ms (McGregor), l'scudollychus Wainstcin, Alllphitelrallychus Oudemans, PO/)'II)'chus Wainstein and Armell),c/Ills Wainstein, on the basis of the arrangement of ~mpodial rays. the peritreme and the colour of feeding females. Tuttle and Baker (t 968) recognised 3 subgenera, Tetran),chus Dufour, PoTyn),chlls Wainstcin and Ar11lell)'ch~s Wainstein entirely based upon the; striation pattern of femalc. They synonymised 3 subgenera namely, Penlany~hus. Psctldonychus and Amphitetrallychus of Wainstein into subgenus TetranYc/lus and suggested that these might form groups within this subgenus. This classification of sub· genera was also followed by Tuttle,1 Baker and Abbatiello (J 976).

D~ring studies on 1 t species of this genus, it was observed that they may fall into 3 subgenera, viz. Tetranychus, Po!ynychus and Armenyclltls, depending upon tne striation pattern of hysterosoma of female. However. these subgenera are not separable because of a good number of similar characters such as a single pair of para·anal, em podia split distally, dorsomedial spur may-or may not be present and empodium I of male usually consisting of short. tridigitato appendages with or without dorsomedial. spur. Therefore, the authors agree very much with Meyer's view (1974) who stated that the species of this genus would fall into natural groups, but depending upon the character used, species might fall into more than one group. Hence she felt that· the assignment of subgeneric value to one particular character while ignoring the grouping indi· cated by other characters, wonld create artificial classification. In this study, the authors did not consider it necessary to divide this genus into subgenera until more species are studied.

The genus Oligonychus Derlese fell into 5 groups namely Ununguis, Penvia· nus, Prntensis. McGregori and Pritchardi (Pritchard and Daker, 1955). on the basis of the number of tactile setae on tibia and tarsus striation pattern of hysterosoma of females. The group Ununguis was further divided by them into 3 subgroups, namely Boudreauxi. Subundus and Aceris on the basis of the size of first pair of dorsocentrals. Wainstein (1960) divided this genus into 5 subgenera, namely, Oligonychu~, Ilo/1lonychtLr, Pritc/zardinyc/zus, AfetalelrallY· choitles, Paratetran),chus and further subdivided the subgenera into· groups, on. the combination of number of common characters. Tuttle and Daker (f968) , ,

also agreed with the subgencric classification of Wainstein and divided the genus into 6 subgenera. namely. Ollgonycnus Derlese, Wainsteniinlella Tuttle and Baker. I/omon),c/Ills Wainstein, Metatetranycholdes Wainstein, Reckiella Tuttle and Baker:. PritchardinYc/lus Wainstein and considered Paratetranyclzus as synonymy of Ollgonychtts. Meyer (1974) disagreed with the above authors as some of the species studied by her could be placed in bctween two subgenera. However, Jeppson ct at. (975) and Tuttle et al. (1976) continued following the subgeneric classifidation of Tuttle and Baker (1968). The authors have studied only 4 species of this genus which can be placed into clearly marked subgenera but did not do so, since a satisfactory subdivision of the genus based on the studies of a good number of species from different regions of the world is still needed.

The genus Eotetran),chus Oudemans is closely allied to Schlzotetranychus

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Tragardh and was synpnymised as subgenus by Wainstein (1960) but it can be separated very clearly from the latter by the empodia (except for leg I and sometimes leg 11 i-n the male) which consist of 3 pairs of ventrally directed hairs. Therefore, this has been tteated as distinct genus uptil now. Tuttle and Baker (1968) further emphasized the need to keep these two genera separate because of the host plant relationships. In general, species of Eotetranyclms feed on the under surface of broad leaved plants and of Schinoietrany~ elms on grasses. Pritchard and Baker (1955), in the systematic treat~ ment of the species of this genus, recognised 6 groups, namely, Tiliarium, MuItidigituJi Steganus, Libocedri, CHtus and' Caribbcanae but these groups were never considered phylogenetically discrete units by subsequent workers. Baker etal. (1976) again divided this genus into different groups on the basis of striae of genital flap of female. The authors having studied one species of Schizotetranychus and 5 species of Eotetra1ychus, have treated bo~h the genera separatcly,'even,on the'general habits like colour of females, spil1ning of web etc. observed during field collection. They also do not agree with the division of Eotetranychus into groups and rather followed Meyer (1974).

Etltelranychtls Banks is a distinct genus and can be separated from the other genera on reasonable and sound charflcters like absence of duplex' setae 'and rudimentary empodia, but not many species of this genus are known. However, the Plesent studies indicate that E. orientalis is a complex of many species and if further explorations from different types of flora are undertaken, it may even lead to formation of subgenera. Eight species studied can be divided into­two groups one having V-shaped and other longitudinal striation pattern between second and third pair of dorsocentrals.

Anwarullah and Khan (1973) erected the genus Terminalichus for T. kara~ chiensis co))ected on Terminalia calappa in Pakistan. They separated this genus from other genera of the family Tenuipalpidae on the basis of absence of dorsocentral and dorsosublateral setae. They also mention-ed that ventral plate was located in between coxa III and IV lia\'ing a pair of ventral setae on it,and absence of posterior medioventral metapodosomal setae. The authors studied 4 species, of which !3 were collected and one was present in the National Pusa Collection. However, they do not agree with the original description of tlie genus with particular reference to ,the position of ventral plate and absence of posterior· medioventral metapodosomal setae. Careful examination of the above mentioned species revealed that the bases of coxa III and IV are fused with

I

vcntrogenital plate which extends up to the posterior margin of coxae IV, giving the appearance of plate at the metapodosomal position. Anwarullah and Khan called this as ventral plate and the setae situated on it as ventral setae. Hence this 'is -not the true ventral plate and the pair of setae termed by them as ventral setae situated just anterior to the ventrogenital plate arc not true ventral setae but posterior medioventral metapodosomal setae. Ventral setae are present on ventrogenital plate. Studies on T. panajiensis Maninder and Ghai show the presence of one pair of long dorsocentral setae. Otherwise this species agrees

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very well with the characters of the genus Terminalic1lUs given by Anwaru1talt and Khan (1973). Therefore, the authors have revised the generic characters taking into consideration the description of T. karachicnsis. figures of tho type­species of genus TermlnalicllUs and characters of T. panajicllsis.

Pritchard and Daker (1958) described C%pa/pus and differentiated it from closely related genus Tenuipalpus by the oval body. podosoma and'opisthosoma not clearly differentiated and presence of single genitoventral plate in the female. Baker and Tuttle (1972) transferred T. eriopnyo/des Baker, thougll having a narrow hysterosoma to C%palptls, because the female bas a single genitoventral plate. This indicates that C%paiplu can only be separated from 'Tenulpalptls by having single genitoventral plate. Maninder (1977) observed' that these two genera are not clearly separable because of ~ertain characters common to both, like 5·6 pairs of dorsolateral hysterosQmal setae and bifid rostral shield. In some species of Tenufpalpus ventrogenital plate is not always clear because of heavy reticulation and in many species of Colopa/pus opistho* soma and podosoma arc clearly differentiated, as in C. elegans Conyer and C. pet/rus ,Manson. Meyer (1979) indicated that the ventral plate TenulpalptlS ~vas not always distinct entity and. thererore, the two genera in Tenll;palpus ,and Co!opalpus were synonymised. On the other hand, Mitroranov (1973a) raised Tentlipalpus to the rank of tribe Tenuipalpini whieh included 7 genera. This fine splitting was mainly based on one or two characters. However, the present authors do not agree with the complex splitting of the genera and consider it better to be conservative and limited than to be liberal to recognize more of the generic taxa until such time'when interspecific variations are fully worked out. The authors have followed Meyer (1919) with regard to the synonymization of the genera Tenutpal.pus and Colopalpus.

The genus Erev/palplts is large and heterogenous, containing Q. number of species of economic importance. Because of the variation 'in the dorsal setal pattern and the number of solenidia on tarsus II, a number of new genera were segregated from it in recent years. Pritchard and Baker (1958) proposed the" genus Cenopalpus for Brel'ipalptlS spinosus Donnadieu on the basis of first pair of dorsosublateral hysterosomal setae and the solenidia on tarsi I and II slender and tapering. Recently Meyer (1979)' described a species Ere~ipalpus ericae which had the general features of Cenopalpus species but lacked the first pair of dorsosublateral hysterosomat setae. The solenidia on tarsi I and II were stender and tapering as in Cenopalp21s. Livshitz and Mitroranov (1967a) described B. reckl which also lacked the first pair of dorsosubJateral setae but resembled the genus Cellopalplls. They also questioned the validity of Ce..nopalpus. The above mentioned two species now take. Q. position between these two genera and indicate tbat the presence or absenc~ of dorsal body setae can hardly be used for generic separation. Meyer (1979) stated that any difference in the number of setae, either dorsal or ventrai was not enough for characterization of genera unless there were oth~r differences to support it. Thererore, she synony~ mised Cmopa/pus with Brevipalptls. Mitrofanov (1973) also did fine splitting of

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this genus as in the case of Tenuipalpus. The authors disagree with fine splitting. and hold the same view as for Tenuipalpus, following Meyer (I 979).

Limits of some of the generic and subgeneric units are still uncertain owing to the fact that the taxonomic revision of the families Tetranychidae and Tenuipalpidae are wanting in many regions of the world. Even knowledge of the Oriental fauna is very meagre. The authors also could not undertake exten­sive faunistic studies in the Indian Region due to certain limitations and are therefore not in a position to comment emphatically on this aspect in the light of their own observations.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. The authors are thankful to the Head and Professo( of Division of Entomology, Indian Agr~cultural Research Institute, New Delhi, for providing necessary facilities and for the help and encouragement through­out the work. We owe special thanKS to Dr. E.W. Baker, USDASEA, Beltsville, Maryland, U.~.A., for going through the manuscript and giving suggestions during his visit to the Division of Entomology, JAR I, New Delhi in October 1979. The authors would also like to convey personal regards and thanks to him for helping off and on by sending number of reprints and xeroxed copies of some publications which were 110t available in IARI-Library.

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