Taxonomy, Biogeography and Host Relationships of the Phymatopsallus(Miridae: Phylinae): Contribution to aPlanetary Biodiversity Inventory (PBI)

presented by

Randall T. SchuhCurator and Chair

Division of Invertebrate ZoologyAmerican Museum of Natural History, New York

http://research.amnh.org/pbi

• Support from US National Science Foundation• 5 Year Project• Four projects funded in 2003

Plant Bugs Cat Fish Solanum Slime Molds

• Three projects funded in 2006 Spiders (Oonopidae) Scelionidae (Hymenoptera) Euphorbia

Planetary Biodiversity Inventory Project

Orthotylinae and Phylinae: 4000 described species• ~ 75,000 new specimens from field work• ~ 2000 new vouchered host plants• ~ 550,000 specimens in Specimen Database• ~ 20,000 habitus, morphology, host, and habitat

images• ~ 1000 new species described• improved classification

Web-based research tools• Systematic Catalog on-line• Specimen database with web-based data entry• 27,000 page Digital Library

Summary of PBI Project Goals

Web-based Systematic Catalog

PBI Specimen Database

Phymatopsallus sensu Knight 1964

marmorate membrane

simple and flattened setae tubercle on pygophore

1 genus18 species3 unequivocal characters

Phymatopsallus senus novo

marmorate membrane

tubercle on pygophore phallothecal spineright paramere

unreversed homoplasticbroader distribution

10 genera29 species total; 15 new species9 species-group synonyms1 unequivocal character

Phymatopsallus group taxa: 1

Phymatopsallus group taxa: 2

Phymatopsallus group taxa: 3

Immediate Outgroup:Schaffneropsallus: Genitalic Structure

• Membrane marmorate• Tubercle on pygophore• Vesica with 2 straps• Right paramere lanceolate attenuated• No phallothecal spine

• Membrane marmorate• Tubercle on pygophore present or absent • Vesica with 1 strap• Right paramere truncate, with 2 apical points• 0, 1, or 2 phallothecal spines

Other characters:• color: pale, pink, or green• spots on dorsum present or absent, of variable distribution• left paramere

• dorsal margin with or without process• anterior process simple, bifid or cow-horn shaped• posterior process length and curvature• posterior process with break from paramere body or not

• vesical spines: present or absent, subapical or medial • form of vestibulum: simple to greatly elongate and elaborate

Phymatopsallus group

Arizonapsallus, Angelopsallus: 2 spp.

Genitalic Terminology

Bisulcopsallus: 7 spp.

Bisulcopsallus Genitalic Structure: SEM

Bisulcopsallus Genitalic Structure

Ceratopsallus (part 1): 5 spp.

Ceratopsallus (part 2): 5 spp.

Ceratopsallus Genitalic Structure: SEM

Ceratopsallus Genitalic Structure

Cercocarpopsallus, Knightopsallus: 3 spp.

Cercocarpopsallus Genitalic Structure: SEM

Cercocarpopsallus Genitalic Structure

Knightopsallus Genitalic Structure: SEM

Knightopsallus Genitalic Structure

Phymatopsallus (part 1): 4 spp.

Phymatopsallus (part 2): 1 spp.

Phymatopsallus Genitalic Structure: SEM

Phymatopsallus Genitalic Structure

Salicopsallus, Stictopsallus, Schaffneropsallus: 4 spp.

Salicopsallus Genitalic Structure

Stictopsallus Genitalic Structure

Parsimony approach using NONA• 127 most parsimonious trees• consistency index = 0.55• retention index = 0.81• successive weighting = 1 tree from 127

Phylogenetic Analysis

Implied Weights using PIWE (method of Goloboff, 1993)

• 1 heaviest tree• fit = 210.5• same tree as successive weighting

Phymatopsallus Group Cladogram

No tubercle on phygophore

No tubercle on pygophore

No phallothecal spine

No phallothecal spine

nautiloidvestibulum

Fabaceae clade

Rosaceae clade

Fagaceae-Ericaceae clade

Optimization of Host Data on Cladogram

Phymatopsallus group taxa

Michael Schwartz

Steve ThurstonChristiane WeirauchGareth NelsonFrederic Cherot

National Science FoundationAmerican Museum of Natural History

Acknowledgments