TaxonomyTaxonomy

Classification of Living Things

TAXONOMY- the science of naming TAXONOMY- the science of naming and classifying organismsand classifying organisms

• Aristotle: grouped plants and animals based on similarities

• Greeks & Romans-major groups called “genus” (means group)

• Carl Linnaeus-(1707-1778) - Sweden--gave organisms a 2 word name...

Binomial Binomial NomenclatureNomenclature

• Means “2 word naming system”

• Genus (always capitalized)

• species (lower case)

• either underlined or italics (only if printed on printer)

• this is considered the Scientific Name!

Homo sapien

Universal LanguageUniversal Language

• Provides a standard for communication among Biologists, regardless of their native language

• 2 different organisms cannot have the same scientific name

• organisms can share one part of their scientific name w/another organism.

Hierarchical SystemHierarchical System• Domain• Kingdom• Phylum• Class• Order• Family• Genus • species

{SCIENTIFIC NAME}

5 or 6 Kingdoms?5 or 6 Kingdoms?

• 5 Kingdom System: Monera (Bacteria), Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

*****6 Kingdom System: Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

SpeciesSpecies• Generally defined as a group of

organisms that can breed to produce fertile offspring

• All dogs are one species

• Horses and donkeys are different species because when they breed, their offspring (mules) are sterile!

Words to KnowWrite on the back of notes

• prokaryote (ic)- no nucleus, no cell organelles

•eukaryote (ic)-nucleus, organelles

•autotroph (ic)-produces its own nutrients

•heterotroph (ic)-obtains nutrients from other organisms

•Unicellular- one cell

•Multicellular- many cells

DICHOTOMOUS KEYSDICHOTOMOUS KEYS

• Identification Key • Contains pairs of contrasting

descriptions (A or B)• The correct description either

leads to another pair of descriptions or identifies the object.

• Open your book to page 462, Read the directions and Answer the questions