Taxonomy

Objective 4.01:Analyze the classification of organisms according to their

evolutionary relationships

Classification• Classification: to organize

things into groups that have meaning.

• Taxonomy: a scientific classification system used to assign each organism universally. – Latin is the universal

language of scientists.

Aristotle

• 1st classification system• Divided into 2 groups: Blood or Bloodless,

which was basically Animals & Plants.

• Developed the current classification system.• Binomial Nomenclature: two-word naming

system for each species.

Linnaeus

The Seven Taxa• Taxon: A group or level of organization.• Linnaeus’s system uses 7 taxa arranged in order from

largest to smallest.• He classified organisms into two kingdoms, Anamalia or

Plantae1. Kingdom2. Phylum3. Class4. Order5. Family6. Genus7. Species

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Scientific Names

• Scientific names are made of two words:– Genus & species.

• Genus is always capitalized• Species is not• The scientific name should always be in italics

or underlined.

Example of Scientific Name• Common name: Cat• Scientific name: Felis domesticus– Genus: Felis– Species: domesticus

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Family: Felidae Genus: Felis Species: Felis domesticus

Human’s Classification

KingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusSpecies

AnimaliaChordataMammalia PrimatesHomindaeHomoSapiens

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Cladogram• Shows evolutionary

relationships between animals.

• Shows how closely related two animals are.

Dichotomous Key• A list of

characteristics, such as structure and behavior, organized in such a way that organisms can be identified.

Pick one object

1a. With a hole Go to Question 21b. Without a hole Go to Question 32a. Six sided It is Species #12b. Four sided It is Species #63a. With threading Go to Question 43b. Without threading It is Species #84a. Pointy tip Go to Question 54b. No pointy tip Go to Question 65a. Rounded head It is Species #45b. Not rounded head It is Species #76a. Flat head Go to Question 76b. Not flat head It is Species #27a. Body length twice the width of head It is Species #57b. Body length not twice the width of head It is Species #3