tbhiv co infection

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TB/HIV CO INFECTION

Presented by:

Asmita Thapa(08)

Nirmala Bista (21)

Samjhana Shrestha(31)

Seema Giri(32)

Sweta Pathak(38)


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INTRODUCTION

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious bacterial disease

caused by the tubercle bacilli, Mycobacterium

Tuberculosis. It has become a major public health

concern worldwide as one third of the worlds population

is infected with the disease TB

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), a fatal

disease state caused by Human Immuno- deficiency

Virus (HIV-1&2),have become frighteningly familiarwords across the globe, conjuring up feelings of

suffering and death


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HIV and TB have been described as the Diabolical

Duet". The reason is that the two go together. When

someone is infected with HIV, the virus weakness their

immune system usually helps to fight off diseases, so

they are now more susceptible to infections.

A person with HIV is up to 30 times more likely to

develop active clinical TB than a person with a healthy

immune system.


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The number of people co- infected with TB and HIV

already stands at over 10 million and is expected to

increase dramatically over the next 10 years.

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates 11.4

million people are infected with both Mycobacterium

tuberculosis and HIV in the world. The primary cause of

death in those infected with HIV is from TB, not AIDS.


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In South East Asia Region the increasing incidence of

HIV/AIDS may fuel the TB epidemic, which is the

second hardest hit by the HIV-epidemic.

The incidence of both diseases is highest in the

economically productive age groups (15-54 years),

poses significant threats not only to health, but also to

the social and economic development.


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STATEMENT OF PROBLEM


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TB is the most common presentation of AIDS

in HIV infected personsthe so-called

mother of AIDS. The marriage of these two

deadly infections creates huge challenges for

patients, communities, and health systems. People living with HIV are 6 times more likely

to die during TB treatment

1.4 million (15%) TB cases occur in people

living with HIV and 0.5 million TB deaths inpeople living with HIV.


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PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

General Objective;

To study the status of HIV/TB co-infection.

Specific Objective;1. To assess the total number of TB and HIV

cases in Nepal and SAARC.

2. To assess the status of HIV/TB co-infection

in Nepal and SAARC.3. To compare the status of HIV/TB co-

infection in SAARC Region and in Nepal.


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METHODOLODY

Variables of the study: Age and Sex.

Study area: The study was conducted inNepal.

.

Study duration; The study was done from mid

May to June.

Study design; The study is cross sectional

descriptive type of study.


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Limitations of the Study: HIV/TB co- infection, though has

affected almost all the segments of the world it is still a new

chapter in the context of Nepal. So, adequate secondarysources of data are not available. Besides, the study is

solely based on secondary data.

Data collection procedure; Secondary sources wereused. (SAARC TB and HIV/AIDS Centre)

Data processing and Analysis: The data was managed

and analyzed in MS-Excel.


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FINDINGS

Figure 1 Showing number of HIV cases by gender

distribution in Nepal

Number of HIV cases

7646

3588

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

Male Female

Source: NCASC, Teku, Kathmandu


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Figure 2 showing Gender distribution among

different types of TB cases

Source: Annual Report, 2009


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Figure 3 showing the estimates of TB disease

prevalence in SAARC Region

Source: Global TB Control 2009, WHO


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Figure 4 showing the estimated percentage of

people living with HIV in SAARC Region

Source: HIV and AIDS in SAARC Region, an update 2008


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Figure 5 showing HIV prevalence in incident TB

cases in SAARC countries,2006

Source: Global TB Control 2009, WHO


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Figure 6 showing HIV prevalence among TB

patients in Nepal

S o u r c e : A n n u a l R e p o


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According to the findings of the study, HIV prevalence

among TB patients is increasingly continuously from

1993/94 to 2006/2007 in Nepal. It was 0.00% in 1993/94

which increased to 2.40% in 2006/2007. However, the HIV

prevalence among TB patient seems to be constant in2001/02 to 2006/07

Maldives among SAARC countries has the highest HIV

prevalence in incident TB cases in the year 2006 which is

2%. However, the current data couldnt be retrieved.


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Conclusion

The unparallel magnitude of the HIV/AIDS and TBepidemic remain major public health challenges globally.

Moreover the dual intersecting infection (TB/HIV) presents

global public health with additional fears and particularlyso within the developing countries e.g. SAARC countries.

People who are HIV positive and infected with TB are 30

times more likely to develop active TB than people whoare HIV negative


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The prevalence of TB/HIV co infection is in increasing in

developing countries particularly in SAARC regions.

The dual combination of TB and HIV is very lethal andthus has contributed to rapid rising TB/HIV co infection

prevalence in developing region.


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RECOMMENDATION

1. Offer systematic and regular TB screening to

HIV-infected patients in SAARC region.

2. Extend TB screening among the families of HIVinfected patients.

3. Introduction of tools that collect information on

both TB and HIV in all developing countries.


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4. Advocacy and planning in the awareness

about TB/HIV co infection.

5. National policy of counseling and testing

TB patients for HIV and National

Surveillance system of HIV infection in TB

patients should be adopted in all SAARC

countries.


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References

1. Situation Analysis of TB, HIV/AIDS and TB/HIV

Co-infection in the SAARC Region

2. TB/HIV Co-epidemic in the SAARC Region

3. HIV & AIDS in the SAARC Region: An Update

2008

4. Tuberculosis Control SAARC Region Update-

2009


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5. Powerpoint Presentation on TB/HIV infection: the

cursed duet by Sanjay Bhagani

6. Powerpoint Presenataion on Management of TB/HIV

co-infection:

Challenges and Perspectives by Marco Vitoria,

WHO, HIV Department, Geneva, August 2009

7. TB-HIV co-infection in India,Vaidyanathan PS &

Sanjay S: NTI Bulletin 2003, 39/ 3 & 4, 11 18


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