tbilisis vano sarajisvilis saxelobis saxelmwifo konservatoriis
TRANSCRIPT
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Tbilisis
vano
sarajiSvilis
saxelobis
saxelmwifo
konservatoriis
tradiciuli
mravalxmianobis
saerTaSoriso
centris
biuleteni
Tbilisi. dekemberi, 2011
#11
axali ambebi gamoxmaureba axal wignze qarTuli mravalxmianobis Sesaxeb ucxouri mravalxmianoba. polo valeho. vagogos tomis musika ucxouri folkloruli ansambli. `spartimu~ qarTuli tradiciuli musikis ansambli. `ialoni~ qarTuli simReris ucxoeli Semsruleblebi. `doluri~ qarTuli simReris moamageebi. Zuku lolua Zveli presis furclebze. grigol CxikvaZe. qarTuli sagundo kulturis istoria qarTuli mecnierebisa da kulturis kerebi. Tbilisis arnold Ciqobavas saxelobis enaTmecnierebis instituti erTi simReris istoria `kirialesa~
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axali ambebi saqarTvelos eTnomusikaluri
cxovreba (ivlisi-dekemberi, 2011)
festivalebi da konferenciebi
5-6.10.2011 _ q. baTumSi Catarda qazim
qoionjus saxelobis lazuri simReris festivali, romelSic qarTuli ansamble-bidan monawileoba miiRo ansamblma `Tu-TarCelam~.
17-19.10.2011 _ Catarda xobis V saerTa-Soriso festivali da samecniero konfe-rencia „simRera samegreloze“.
15-17.11.2011 _ baTumSi Catarda saero da
sasuliero musikis VI saerTaSoriso fes-tivali da konferencia.
kompaqt-diskebi
09.10.2011 _ ansamblma `mTiebma~ Cawera
axali kompaqt-diski.
2011 wlis seqtemberi _ ansamblma `rusTavma~ Cawera axali kompaqt-diski
12.11.2011 _ folkloris saxelmwifo
centris galereaSi gaimarTa mgalobel gogonaTa gundi „ialonis“ rigiT meore kompaqt-diskis prezentacia
eqspediciebi
2011 wlis noemberi _ baTumis
xelovnebis saswavlo universitetis musikis fakultetis magistranti giorgi kraveiSvili filolog marTa tartara-SvilTan erTad imyofeboda moklevadian folklorul eqspediciaSi kaxis raionis soflebSi (saingilo).
2011 wlis noemberi _ vano
sarajiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis sa-xelmwifo konservatoriis qarTuli xal-xuri musikaluri Semoqmedebis mimarTu-lebis studentebi o. kapanaZis xelmZRva-nelobiT imyofebodnen foklorul eqspediciaSi raWaSi, onis raionis sof-lebSi.
gastrolebi
15-27.07.2011 _ ansambli `basiani~ imyo-
feboda sagastrolod safrangeTSi. 24.09.2011 _ ansamblma `mTiebma~ mama gi-
orgi SaraSeniZesTan erTad stokholmis erT-erT marTlmadideblur taZarSi mona-wileoba miiRo saeklesio RvTismsa-xurebaSi.
25.09.2011 _ ansamblma `mTiebma~
stokholmis msoflio musikisa da fol-kloris centr `staletSi~ solo kon-certi gamarTa.
15-25.10.2011 _ ansambli `TuTarCela~
imyofeboda sagastrolod germaniis qala-qebSi: liuneburgSi, hanoverSi, hamburgSi, bevenzenSi, sadac gamarTa rogorc solo, ise erToblivi koncertebi germanel
qalTa gundTan “Vemmes vocales”- erTad da Caatara masterklasebi q. liuneburgSi.
16-19.10.2011 _ ansambli „didgori“
imyofeboda sagastrolod korsikaze, q. aiaCoSi.
26.10.2011-23.11.2011 _ ansambli `Savnabada~
imyofeboda sagastrolod inglisis sxva-dasxva qalaqebSi, sadac solo koncer-tebis paralelurad masterklasebic Ca-atara.
4-28.11.2011 _ ansambli „saxioba“
imyofeboda did britaneTSi, sadac gamar-Ta 14 koncerti.
2-17.11.2011 _ ansambli `rusTavi~
imyofeboda sagastrolod norvegiis, po-loneTisa da italiis sxvadasxva qala-qebSi.
19-30.11.2011 _ ansambli `rusTavi~ imyo-
feboda sagastrolod ekvadorSi
koncertebi da saRamoebi 6.10.2011 _ j. kaxiZis saxelobis klasi-
kuri musikis festivalis `Semodgomis Tbilisis~ farglebSi gaimarTa qarTuli folkloris saRamo, romelic mieZRvna ansambl `Svidkacas~ 55 wlis iubiles. koncertSi monawileobdnen ansamblebi: `marTve~, `biWebi~, `mZlevari~, `rusTavi~, `basiani~, `imereTi~, `baTumi~, `Salva
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Cemo~, samebis sakaTedro taZris sapat-riarqo gundi, qalTa instrumentuli ansambli `gordela~, qalTa folk-loruli ansambli `qalgulo~.
15.10.2011 _ ansamblma `rusTavma~ gamarTa
solo koncerti q. rusTavSi `rusTavobis~ dResaswaulTan dakavSirebiT.
28.10.2011 _ ansamblma `rusTavma~
gamarTa solo koncerti q. aspinZaSi `SoTaobis~ dResaswaulTan dakavSirebiT.
1.11.2011 – m. berZeniSvilis saxelobis
kulturis centr `muzaSi~ a. erqo-maiSvilis iniciativiT ansamblma `basianma~ da triom `Salva Cemo~ erTob-livi koncerti gamarTes.
3.11.2011 _ vano sarajiSvilis saxelobis
Tbilisis saxelmwifo konservatoriis mcire darbazSi gaimarTa ansambl `Tu-TarCelas~ sami Taobis koncerti `msofl-ios xalxTa folklori~.
9.12.2011 _ ansamblma `rusTavma~ gamarTa
solo koncerti Tbilisis did sakoncer-to darbazSi.
11.12.2011 _ q. baTumSi gaimarTa aWaris
saxelmwifo ansambl `baTumis~ saiubileo saRamo da koncerti.
12.12.2011 _ rusTavelis Teatris mcire darbazSi gaimarTa qalTa folkloruli ansambl „kerias“ pirveli solo koncerti.
22.12.2011 _ vano sarajiSvilis
saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo konservatoriaSi gaimarTa a. erqomai-Svilis dabadebidan 70 wlisTavisadmi mi-ZRvnili saiubileo koncerti, romelSic monawileobdnen ansamblebi: `anCisxatis taZris gundi~, `basiani~, `mTiebi~, `Sav-nabada~, `balavari~, `Tbilisi~, `imeri~, `didgori~, `alilo~, trio `Salva Cemo~, samebis sakaTedro taZris sapatriarqo gundi.
axali gamocemebi
v. gogotiSvili. qarTuli xalxuri
musikis Teoriuli sakiTxebi. saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademia, Tbilisis vano sarajiSvilis sax. saxelmwifo konservatoria.
saqvelmoqmedo fondma `xobma~ gamosca:
e. garayaniZe. qarTuli musikaluri dialeqtebi da maTi urTierTmimarTeba (gamomcemloba „saqarTvelos macne“, Tb., 2011)
qarTuli xalxuri musikis ucxoeli
mkvlevrebi da Semkreblebi (Semdgeneli n. nakaSiZe, gamomcemloba „ustari“, Tb.,2011)
n. kalandaZe, m. kviJinaZe. tradiciuli
musika qarTul-afxazur dialogSi (gamom-cemloba „triasi“, T.,2011)
a. erqomaiSvili. gzebi, adamianebi,
simRerebi... (gamomcemloba „ustari“, Tb., 2011)
g. sixaruliZe. „gordela“ (mogonebebi). kompaqt-diski „anzor erqomqiSvili 70“,
romelSic Sesulia 35 simRera a. erqomaiSvilis monawileobiT.
moamzada maka xarZianma
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gamoxmaureba axal wignze qarTuli mravalxmianobis Sesaxeb `eqo saqarTvelodan~
nova saiens pabliSersma (Nova Science
Publishers), gamosca wigni `eqo saqarTve-lodan: Cvidmeti argumenti qarTuli polifoniis Sesaxeb~. igi Tbilisis saxelmwifo konservatoriis tradiciuli mravalxmianobis kvlevis saerTaSoriso centrma moamzada.
es aris pirveli inglisurenovani krebuli, romelic mravalmxrivad aSuqebs qarTul polifonias. misi mizania saerTa-Soriso sazogadoebas miawodos mecnie-ruli codna movlenaze, romelsac ukanasknel xans msoflio sakmaod kargad gaecno qarTuli folkloruli ansam-blebis sagastrolo turneebis wyalobiT. ucxoelTa gazrdil interesze metyvelebs qarTuli mravalxmianobis Semsrulebeli ansamblebis momravlebac sxvadasxva qveyanaSic. albaT, swored amiT unda aixsnas amerikuli samecniero gamomcem-lobis dainteresebac am TemiT.
Tavidanve unda iTqvas, rom STambe-Wdavia am sqelydiani wignis gaformeba, romelSic kargadaa miniSnebuli qarTuli kulturis arqaulobac da misi ganume-orebeli elferic. krebuli SesaniSna-vadaa Sedgenili, masSi avtorebis sakmaod mravalferovani speqtria warmodgenili. Cemi azriT, mis Rirebulebas isic zrdis, rom qarTuli mravalxmianobis warmo-Sobisa da ganviTarebis, misi formebis mravalferovnebisa da unikalobis Sesaxeb
msjeloben ara marto qarTveli, aramed ucxoeli mecnierebic. am TvalsazrisiT aRsaniSnavia zigfrid nadelis wignis `qarTuli simRera~ fragmentebi, romli-Tac ixsneba krebuli. germaneli mkvle-vari pirveli iyo, vinc dainteresda qarTuli mravalxmianobis fenomeniT da miuZRvna mas specialur monografia (1932, berlini). igi ucxoelTagan aseve pirveli iyo, vinc qarTuli mravalxmianobis ~TviTnaCenoba~ (ilia) aRniSna. yuradRebas iqcevs izali zemcovskis statia `qarTuli modeli: eTnogeomusikologi-uri midgoma zepiri polifoniis samyaro-sadmi~, romelSic avtori qarTul mra-valxmianobas ganixilavs, rogorc, sazo-gadod, tradiciuli mravalxianobis mo-dels, radgan masSi mravalxmiani simRe-ris yvela ZiriTadi tipia warmodgenili da radgan mravalxmianobis formebis am-gvari mravalferovneba iseT mcire teritoriaze, rogoric saqarTveloa, mso-flioSi arsad gvxvdeba.
qarTuli mravalxmianoba zogadi da konkretuli argumentebiTaa warmodgeni-li warsulisa da Tanamedrove qarTvel avtorTa _ ivane javaxiSvilis, dimitri arayiSvilis, Salva aslaniSvilis, vla-dimer axobaZis, grigol CxikvaZis, mindia Jordanias, valerian maRraZis, evsevi WoxoneliZis, vladimer gogotiSvilis, ediSer garayaniZis, manana SilakaZis, Tamaz gabisonias, nino ciciSvilis, ioseb Jordanias, rusudan wurwumias naSro-mebSi. maTSi ganxilulia qarTuli tradi-ciuli mravalxmianobis formebis, xmaTa moZraobisa da kilo-harmoniuli Tavise-burebebi sxvadasxva dialeqtebSi, sakravi-eri musikis sakiTxebi, qarTuli musika-luri kulturis interkulturuli urTi-erTobebis, erovnuli identobis problema da sxv.
am naSromTagan umetesoba adrea Seqmnili, maTi nawili sxvadasxva (arain-glisur) enebzea gamoqveynebuli, nawili _ xelnaweris saxiT inaxeboda Tbilisis konervatoriis qarTuli xalxuri Semoqme-debis laboratoriis arqivSi, zogierTi ki specialurad am krebulisTvis daiwera.
calke aRniSvnis Rirsia krebulis gamocemis akademiuri done – krebuls hyavs ori recenzenti, msoflio mraval-xmianobis sayovelTaod aRiarebuli mkvlevari frangi simha aromi da espaneli eTnomusikologi polo valeho, romelTa vrceli recenzia wignis redaqtorebis rusudan wurwumiasa da ioseb Jordanias SesavalTan erTad win uZRvis krebuls.
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adre gamoqveynebul statiebs axlavs redaqtorebis komentarebi, xolo krebu-lis bolos mocemulia qarTuli mraval-xmianobis vrceli bibliografia, mona-cemebi wignSi warmodgenili avtorebis Sesaxeb da indeqsebi.
wignis SeZena SesaZlebelia interne-tiT, gamomcemlobis saitze: https://www.novapublishers.com/catalog/index.php
?cPath=23_318 vfiqrob, es wigni SesaniSnavi saCuqaria qarTuli musikaluri kulturiT dainte-resebuli araqarTulenovani mkiTxveli-saTvis. nino RambaSiZe, istoriis doqtori Tbilisis ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis saxelmwifo universitetis javaxiSvilis istoriisa da eTnologiis instituti
ucxouri mravalxmianoba
polo valeho
vagogos (tanzania) tomis mravalxmianoba
tanzaniis centralur nawilSi mcxov-
rebi vagogos xalxi aris erT-erTi, daaxloebiT, 113 eTno-lingvisturi jgufi-dan, romelic xasiaTdeba kulturuli da musikaluri mravalferovnebiT. sigogos enaze mosaubre es xalxi misdevs miwaT-moqmedebasa da mecxoveleobas; maTi ke-TildReoba damokidebulia marcvleulisa (xorbali, sorgo da fetvi) da miwis Txi-lis mosavalze; aseve wvimaze, rasac efuZneba maTi materialuri cxovreba. ma-Ti musika Tanaarsebobs yoveldRiurobas-Tan, amitom vagogos yofis arc erTi momenti ar arsebobs musikis gareSe, ise, rogorc es xdeba umetes afrikul to-mebSi, sadac muzicirebas aqvs ara esTe-tikuri, aramed eTikuri motivebi.
gogos xalxis Tavisebureba kargad Cans, erTi mxriv, xalxis garTobis momentebSi, rodesac koleqtiuri mReris saSualebiT isini uziareben erTmaneTs emociebs da, meore mxriv, makumbis ri-tualis dros (rodesac xdeba siymawvili-dan mowifulobaSi gadasvla), maSin, ro-desac tomi zeimiT aRniSnavs karg mosa-vals. mravalxmianobis TvalsazrisiT, mi-waTmoqmedebis periodTan (ifuk) uSualod dakavSirebuli repertuari gacilebiT
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vagogos tomi embeSi (dodomas regioni)
© Polo Vallejo, 2006 kompleqsuria: iyeneben polifoniis iseT tips, romelic Sedgeba mravalxazovani teqnikis sxvadasxva saxeebis kombinaci-ebisagan. am Tu im viTarebaSi, ritualsa da dasvenebas Soris musika xdeba so-cialuri erTobis arsebiTi faqtori. maTi musikis polifoniuri koncefciis Tval-sazrisiT, sainteresoa imis codna, rom vagogos leqsikaSi gansxvavdeba ubralod `simRera” – kvimba (miuxedavad imisa, iden-turia Tu ara ori an meti xmis ritmuli artikulacia) da `polifonia” – silumi (ganawileba), ase vTqvaT, ritmulad damo-ukidebeli vokaluri xazebis zemoT aweva semantikuri mniSvnelobis armqone mar-cvlebis gamoyenebiT.
vagogos bavSvebi makumbis iniciaciis
ritualis dros. © Polo Vallejo, Nzali 2007
vagogos repertuarSi erT-erTi yvelaze
rTulia sipande _ `nawili”, `fragmenti”, rac simbolurad aRniSnavs niamluzis iniciaciis monawile biWunebis winda-cveTis dros mokveTil kans. sipande simRerebi sruldeba a kapela, mxolod Zroxis eJvanis ndodolos an kaiambas (maraka) akompanimentiT. socialurad is 3
mizniT sruldeba: 1. zogadad nayo-fierebis gasaxseneblad da gamoiyeneba, rogorc Setyobineba windacveTis wina Rames;
2. gasarTobad, rogorc qalis mier saqmros arCevis parodia;
3.gamoiyeneba tkivilis Sesamsubuqeblad winadacveTis dros kanis mokveTis mo-mentSi.
bolo miznis misaRwevad mamakacebi wres Semoartyamen winadacveTisTvis gam-zadebul biWs da hono ndueles (anti-lopis rqa) gamafrTxilebeli niSnis Semdeg biWisken mimarTaven xmebs, swored maSin, roca mamakacebi asruleben sipandes (ostinatos, kanonisa da hoketis kombi-nacia) mravalxmian monakveTs. gareT saritualo adgilTan, ikumbisTan axlos qalebi xmaSewyobiT paralelurad asru-leben simReris dasawyiss.
amgvari mravlxmiani SesrulebiT mire-bul polifoniur kompleqsurobas vagogo iyenebs tkivilis Sesamsubuqeblad winada-cveTis dros. sipandes repertuarSi seman-tikuri an mniSvnelobis armqone sityvebi da socialuri garemo urTierTqmedebis umaRles wertils aRweven da qmnian musi-kaluri teqnikisa da socialuri funqciis simbiozs. aqedan warmoiSva azri imis Sesaxeb, rom is, rac emociurad mniSvne-lovania vagogos xalxisTvis, musikalu-radac mniSvnelovani unda iyos. swored amiT aixsneba vagogos xalxis mier mra-valxmiani simReris gamoyeneba am ri-tualis dros.
polo valeho musikologiis doqtori,
pedagogi da kompozitori, madridis komplutens universitetis
eTnomusikologiis asocirebuli profesori
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erTi ucxouri xalxuri ansambli
korsikuli ansambli `spartimu~
korsikuli mravalxmiani simRerebi pirvelad movismine saqarTveloSi, 1980-ian wlebSi. CemTvis, iseve rogorc bevri qarTvelisTvis, es namdvilad iyo aRmo-Cena. sabWoTa kavSiris centraluri tele-viziis eTerSi dokumenturi filmis Cve-nebis Semdeg korsikuli simRera erT RameSi namdvili sensacia gaxda. saqarTveloSi, romelic eTnomuskologe-bisa da, zogadad, sazogadoebisTvis cno-bilia, rogorc mravalxmiani simReris qveyana. gansacvifrebelia korsikuli simReris msagavseba aRmosavleT saqarTve-los sufrul simRerebTan _ gabmuli banis fonze Tavisufal metrSi ori xmis improvizaciiT galamazebuli melodia. rogorc erTma Cemma kolega musikismcod-nem miTxra, is Tavidan skeptikurad iyo ganwyobili qarTuli tradiciuli mra-valxmianobis Cemeuli SedarebiTi kvlevis mimarT (qarTuli mravalxmianoba Cveuleb-riv ganixileboda, rogorc unikaluri movlena, romelsac ar hqonda kavSiri sxva romelime mravalxmian kulturasTan), magram korsikuli simReris mosmenis Semdeg man azri Seicvala.
daaxloebiT oci wlis Semdeg, 2008 wels, korsikaSi Cemi stumrobis dros aRmovaCine, rom qarTuli mravalxmianobis pirvel mosmenas korsikelebze aseTive Zlieri musikaluri STabeWdileba mouxde-nia. rogorc maxsovs, legendaruli jgu-fis `voCe di korsikas” (`korsikis xma~) wevrma filip roCim miTxra, rom mas jer kidev mkafiod axsovda sad, rodis da visgan moismina pirvelad qarTuli tradi-
ciuli mravalxmianoba, miuxedavad imisa, rom es TiTqmis 40 wlis win iyo.
kvlevisaTvis Zalian saintereso sakiTxia, Tu ratom aris aseTi axlo kavSiri iseT daSorebul kulturebs Soris, rogoricaa qarTuli da korsi-kuli. minda vTqva, rom saqarTvelo da korsika erTaderTi SemTxveva araa mra-valxmiani stilebis msgavsebis Tvalsaz-risiT. igive SeiZleba iTqvas latviisa da tibetis an bulgareTisa da indoneziis, litvisa da nuristanis mravalxmian sim-Reraze. me-20 saukunis cnobili eTnomu-sikologi iaap kunsti ise moixibla bal-kaneTis mTianeTisa da indoneziis musi-kaluri paralelebiT, rom specialuri naSromic ki miuZRvna SesaZlo istoriul kavSirebs am or, erTmaneTisgan daSore-bul regions Soris. polifoniuri kul-turebis SedarebiT kvlevas me Sevexe Cems or naSromSi (1989, 2006). kvlevam dammar-wmuna, rom daSorebuli kulturebis tipo-logiuri siaxlove saSualebas gvaZlevs axleburad SevxedoT da axal WrilSi ganvixiloT mravalxmianobis warmoSobis problema.
minda avRniSno, rom mravalxmianobis warmoSobaze sayovelTaod miRebuli mo-sazreba ar emyareba arc erT faqts. piriqiT, mis Tanaxmad, gunduri simRera adamianuri kulturis Zalian Zveli ele-mentia (mag. kurt saxi, ana kilmeri da hans hekmani fiqroben, rom mravalxmianoba hqondaT Sumerebs, xuritebsa da Zvel egviptelebsac ki). Cemi azriT, adamianis gunduri mravalxmianobis Seswavla SesaZ-loa dagvexmaros, axleburad SevxedoT iseT problemas, rogoricaa polifoniis warmoSoba.
mravalxmiani simReris kidev erTi saintereso aspeqtia is, rom igi gavrce-lebulia msoflios bevri regionis izo-lirebul da reliqtur geografiul ad-gilebSi (magaliTad kavkasiis mTianeTSi, alpebSi, pirineebze, balkaneTSi, tibetsa da andebSi), kunZulebze (korsika, sardi-nia, sicilia, hokkaido, polinezia da melanezia) an didi tyis masivebSi (mag. centraluri afrikis tropikuli tyeebi, aRmosavleT evropis Waobiani polesie da samxreT-aRmosavleT aziis tyiani mTebi.)
miuxedavad imisa, rom pativcemulma feliqs kuliCim 1940-50-ian wlebSi Caiwera korsikeli mwyemsebis mdidari reper-tuari, eTnomusikologebis umravlesoba korsikuli mravalxmianobis SeswavliT sakmaod gvian dainteresda. magaliTad, ma-rius Snaideri 1969 wels gamocemuli naS-
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romis `mravalxmianobis istoriis” meore tomSi saerTod ar axsenebs korsikul mravalxmianobas. SesaZloa, ucnaurad JRe-rdes, magram afrikuli mravalxmianobis arsebobis Sesaxeb eTnomusikologebma ra-mdenime aTwleuliT adre icodnen, vidre korsikuli an albanuri mravalxmianobis Sesaxeb.
rodesac kuliCim da mogvianebiT vol-fgang ladem Caiweres korsikeli mwyem-sebis simRera, isini darwmunebuli iyvnen, rom es iyo momakvdavi tradicia. SemiZlia davadasturo, rom vokaluri mravalxmi-anoba msoflios bevr kulturaSi mTli-anad gaqra. sabednierod, kuliCisa da lades pesimisturi winaswarmetyveleba ar gamarTlda. piriqiT, 1970-iani wlebidan korsikuli erovnuli kulturis mimarT damokidebulebis Secvla gaxda korsi-kuli kulturuli identobis simbolo. statusis aseT cvlilebas esaWiroeboda korsikuli tradiciuli mravalxmianobis Zlieri finansuri da moraluri mxar-daWera. gaCnda axali ansamblebi, xelmi-sawvdomi gaxda korsikuli simRerebis Canawerebi. jgufebi warmatebiT Cndebo-dnen saerTaSiriso arenaze, asrulebdnen korsikul mravalxmianobas da ucxoe-lebsac aswavlidnen.
miuxedavad Tavisi mdidari sagundo JReradobisa da mravalxmiani simReris Sesrulebis udavo ostatobisa, ansambli `spartimu” SedarebiT axalgazrda koleq-tivia. jgufis saxelwodeba korsikulad niSnavs - `modiT, gaviziaroT”. rogorc frederik vesperinim _ `spartimus” xel-mZRvanelma miTxra, jgufis wevrebs miaC-niaT, rom sxvadasxva kulturebis mier memkvidreobebis gaziarebas udidesi Zala aqvs. 2008 wels `spartimum” monawileoba miiRo tradiciuli mravalxmianobis Tbi-lisis me-4 da me-5 saerTaSoriso simpo-ziumebSi, ris Semdegac maTi interesi qarTuli mravlxmianobis mimarT kidev ufro gaizarda.
ioseb Jordania, melburnis universitetis
profesori
erTi qarTuli folkloruli ansambli
`ialoni~
rubrikis stumaria mgalobel gogonaTa gundi `ialoni~. gvesaubreba ansamblis xelmZRvaneli nino naneiSvili, romelic v. sarajiSvilis sax. Tbilisis saxelmwi-fo konservatoriis musikologiis magis-tri gaxlavT (saeklesio musikis mimarTu-lebiT).
ansambli `ialoni~ 2009 wlis martis
TveSi Camoyalibda. es saxeli dakavSire-bulia alionTan (dasavlur qarTul ki-lokavze) da, vfiqrob, am sityvis JRera-doba da Sinaarsi Seesabameba Cvens saqmi-anobas, vinaidan qarTuli galoba, misi suli da buneba Zalian waagavs axali dRis gaTenebiT motanil madls, mzis Suqis mofenas. garda amisa, vfiqrobT, rom Cveni, rogorc ansamblis saqmianobaSic jer gariJraJia mxolod.
gundi am etapze Sedgeba rva wevrisagan, romelTa umetesobac profesiiT musiko-sia.
saqarTveloSi qalTa gundebi, miT uf-ro, samgaloblo, cotaa. es paradoqsia, radgan, iseTi musikaluri kulturis mem-kvidre qveyanaSi, rogoric saqarTveloa, vfiqrob, didi da patara, qali da kaci unda mRerodes da galobdes. dRes am deficits sxvadasxva mizezi aqvs... CemTvis yvelaze gulsatkeni is faqtia, rom taZ-rebis umravlesobaSi mgalobel qalTa gundebi msaxuroben, magram xarisxi Zalian savalaloa da sruliad Seusabamo im musikalur SedevrebTan, risi Ses-rulebis saSualebac, sabednierod, ukve arsebobs. sasixaruloa, rom TandaTan mimdinareobs tradiciuli samgaloblo
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repertuaris aRdgena, magram es saqmis naxevaria, Tu amas ar mohyva Sesabamisi da sakadrisi profesiuli damokidebuleba da momzadeba.
`ialons~ rac Seexeba, gundis Camoyali-
bebis idea saqarTveloSi arsebulma rea-lobam ganapiroba. rodesac taZarSi dga-xar da ecnobi saocari sulierebiT aR-beWdil, maRalmxatvrul nimuSebs, xvdebi, rom SeuZlebelia am donis locvisa da musikis sinTezis gaTaviseba da Sesru-leba didi drois, energiis, profesiuli momzadebis gareSe. amis gaazrebis Semdeg, aRmeZra udidesi survili megaloba iseT adamianebTan, romlebTan erTadac Sev-Zlebdi repertuaris TandaTan gafarTo-ebas, Sesrulebis xarisxis gaumjobesebas. nel-nela gamoikveTa amis SesaZlebloba da RvTis nebiT moxda ,,ialonis” Semad-genlobis Tavmoyra.
repertuaris ZiriTad wyarod qarTuli tradiciuli galobis sanoto xelnawe-rebs (xelnawerTa erovnuli centri) da sapatriarqos saeklesio galobis centris gamocemebs viyenebT.
rac Seexeba Cveni muSaobis formas, vfiqrob, yvela SemoqmedebiTi koleqti-visTvis umniSvnelovanesi da gadamwyvetia repeticiebi, maTi xarisxi da intensivobaa. aq xdeba gundis wevrebis monacemebis, SemoqmedebiTi unarebis, Taviseburebebis ukeT Seswavla, funqciebis gadanawileba da a.S. Cvens SemTxvevaSi, aseve Zalian mniSvnelovania erTad galoba RvTismsaxu-rebebze. am procesSi sul sxva unarebi iCens Tavs da maTi SejerebiT xdeba Sesa-Zlebeli gundis momavali gegmebis da-saxva.
`ialoni~ qarTveli msmenelis winaSe ori solo koncertiT warsdga. intensiu-rad vmonawileobT aseve qarTuli simRe-
ra-galobis saRamoebSi, Tumca, jerjero-biT, saqarTvelos farglebSi.
garda Cvens mier organizebuli Ronis-
Ziebebis da Cawerebisa, CarTuli varT sxvadasxva proeqtSi. magaliTad, nana janeliZis filmisaTvis ,,galobis rain-debi” CavwereT ramdenime sagalobeli, ro-melic kompaqtdiskis saxiT gamoica (2009). 2010 wlis miwuruls poloneTis saelCos organizebiT ansambl ,,isonTan” da ramde-nime musikosTan erTad CavwereT polo-nuri saSobao simRera-sagaloblebis kom-paqtdiski.
,,ialons” gamocemuli aqvs ori solo kompaqtdiski. pirvelSi Sesulia yovlad-wmida RmrTismSoblis sagaloblebi (ge-laTis skola) (2010w). meoreSi ki _ bolo solo koncertze (31.01.2011) warmodgenili programa _ dasavleT da aRmosavleT sa-qarTvelos samgaloblo kilos saeklesio rva xmis sagaloblebi ,,RmerTi ufali” da aRdgomis troprebi. warmodgenili masala, vfiqrobT, xels Seuwyobs mgalobelTa gundebis mier rva xmis sagaloblebis Seswavlas (miT umetes, rom gelaTis skolis sagaloblebi gamocemulia saswavlo mizniT, cal-calke xmebad).
momdevno etapze gvsurs ganvagrZoT kvlav rva xmis sistemis sagaloblebze muSaoba (ufalo RaRad vyav, aw ganuteve...). aseve mniSvnelovnad migvaCnia qarTuli tradiciuli sagaloblebis popularize-cia sakoncerto saRamoebis mowyobiT, ro-gorc TbilisSi, aseve saqarTvelos sxva-dasxva regionebSi. aseTi RonisZiebebi metad gaaRvivebs interess da gaaRviZebs im miZinebul genetikur mexsierebas, cod-nis moyvarebas, sibrZnesa da rwmenas, ramac Cvens winaprebs amgvari sulieri, mxatvruli Rirebulebis Sedevrebis Seq-mna STaagona.
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qarTuli simReris ucxoeli Semsruleblebi Sveduri ansambli `doluri~
ansambli `doluri” daarsda 1995 wels iohan vestmanis mier. 1996 wels jgufma pirvelad imogzaura saqarTveloSi Sve-dur-qarTuli sazogadoebisa da Tbilisis saxelmwifo konservatoriis daxmarebiT, aqedan daiwyo `doluris” megobroba an-samblebTan `Tbilisi” da `georgika”. io-han vestmanis norvegiaSi gadasvlis Sem-deg jgufs xelmZRvanelobda iens moleri.
2001 wels `dolurma” kidev erTxel imogzaura saqarTveloSi, sadac Caatara koncertebi da Sedga misi debiuti saqar-Tvelos televiziiT. mas Semdeg ansamblis wevrebi sakuTari iniciatiaviT drodadro stumrobdnen saqarTvelos patara jgufe-bad. `doluris” repertuarSi aris saqar-Tvelos yvela kuTxis simRera. amJamad jgufis wevrebi arian: iohan vestmani, iens moleri, anders rimpi, kale stincingi, markus albergi, evtixi gabunia, fani umareusi, erik ruSi, mats hulanderi da stefan sandstromi. Tumca jgufis kon-certebSi ansamblis yofili wevrebic xSirad iReben monawileobas.
iens moleris briuselSi gadasvlis Semdeg ansamblSi demokratiuli mmarTve-lobaa da faqtobrivad yvela wevri xel-mZRvanelia. garda `TbilisTan” da `geor-gikasTan” TanamSromlobisa, `doluris” wevrebma qarTuli xalxuri simRerebi Se-iswavles ansambl `anCisxatisgan”, vaJa gogolaZisgan, islam da vaxtang fil-fanebisgan. `doluri” apirebs monawile-oba miiRos tradiciuli mravalxmianobis Tbilisis me-6 saerTaSoriso simpoziumSi. amJamad jgufi xSirad monawileobs SvedeTSi gamarTul sxvadasxva saxis koncertebsa da RonisZiebebSi.
qarTuli xalxuri simReris moamageebi
Zuku lolua
(1877-1925)
legendaruli lotbari da momRerali,
lotbar-momReralTa mTeli Taobis aR-mzrdeli, xalxuri simRerebis Semgro-vebeli da popularizatori, mkvlevari da sazogado moRvawe Zuku (porfile) lolua daibada sofel qvalonSi (xobis r-ni), Raribi aznauris ojaxSi. saeklesio mwig-nobrobisa da galobis dauflebis Semdeg Zuku lolua mSobliur mxareSi meda-viTned gaamweses. gamorCeuli smenisa da lamazi xmis wyalobiT mas mTel samegre-loSi icnobdnen, xolo momReralTa gun-dis Camoyalibebisa da sakoncerto tur-nes mowyobis Semdeg 19 wlis Wabuki ni-Wier lotbaradac aRiares.
1897_1898 wlebSi Zuku lolua Tavisi axladdaarsebuli megrel momReralTa gundiT afxazeTSi Cavida. amieridan misi moRvaweoba afxazeTs ukavSirdeba.
1903 wels, ilia WavWavaZis pativsacemad gamarTul nadimze, romelic soxumis mo-winave sazogadoebam SarvaSiZeebis kar-midamoSi gamarTa, Zuku loluas ansambls afxazuri da saqarTvelos sxva kuTxeebis simRerebiT da iSviaTi cekvebiT daum-Svenebia sufra.
1904 wlidan ki qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis TxovniT Zuku lolua soxumSi sacxovreb-lad gadavida. afxazeTis garusebis poli-tikis Sedegad Sesustebuli erovnuli
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muxtis gasaRviveblad Zuku loluas didi xalxuri gundis Camoyalibeba sTxoves. aqedan iwyeba mis biografiaSi 15 wliani salotbaro moRvaweobis periodi afxa-zeTSi.
pirvel qarTul-afxazur gunds gansa-kuTrebuli adgili uWiravs ara marto tradiciuli musikis Semsruleblobis, aramed qarTul-afxazuri urTierTobebis istoriaSi. gundSi afxazebi, megrelebi, imerlebi, gurulebi, svanebi, sxvadasxva asakisa da socialuri fenis warmomad-genlebi gverdigverd mRerodnen. Zuku lo-luam savsebiT sworad airCia is saSem-sruleblo mimarTuleba, romelic scena-ze folkloris sinkretuli bunebis war-moCenas gulisxmobda: gundis wevrebi sxvadasxva sakravebze ukravdnen da cek-vavdnen. am gundma pirvelma gamoitana scenaze afxazuri sakravebi afxiarca, aWarpani, aiumaa, svanuri Wuniri da Cangi, megruli Conguri da imeruli daira. re-pertuaris SerCevisas afxazurs da saqar-Tvelos sxva kuTxis nimuSebs Tanabari adgili eTmoboda.
Zuku loluam simReris Teatraliza-ciis xerxs mimarTa, is scenaze vrcel Te-atralur kompoziciebs qmnida, rasac af-xazebi Tavisi Teatris saTaved miiCneven.
pirveli qarTul-afxazuri gundis pre-zentacia 1904 wlis 25 seqtembers Sedga. es TariRi afxazeTSi sagundo saqmianobis sawyisad iTvleba.
Zuku loluas soxumSi oTxi gundi dauarsebia: I _ 1904 wels; II _ 1911 wels; III _ 1912 wels da IV _ 1919 wels. Ggarda amisa, cnobilia, rom lotbars muSaTa ramdenime sasimRero koleqtivic Camou-yalibebia soxumsa da soWSi. O
Zuku loluam sagundo saqmianoba afxa-zeTSi avTentikuri Semsruleblobis gziT warmarTa. mis mizans xalxuri nimuSis ucvlelad Sesruleba, samuSao meTods ki simReris zepiri gziT Seswavla war-moadgenda. marTalia, qarTuli tradi-ciuli SemsruleblobisaTvis ucxo mov-lena iyo mravalricxovani (zogjer 80-kaciani) gundi zeda xmebis jgufuri SesrulebiT, magram, drois, adgilisa da garemoebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT, es faqti kritikis sagani ar gamxdara. erovnuli musikaluri hangebis, saboloo jamSi ki erovnuli kulturis gadarCenisaTvis brZolaSi Zuku loluam aTasobiT ada-miani Caaba. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom afxa-zeTSi xalxuri musikis Semsrulebloba mTlianad qarTul-afxazuri gundidan amoizarda.
1917-1918 wlebSi Zuku loluam Tavisi eTnografiuli gundebi TbilisSic Camo-iyvana da farTo sazogadoebas gaacno. amis Semdeg mkvidrdeba afxazuri nimuSebi qarTul saSemsruleblo praqtikaSi, rac, Tavis mxriv, xels uwyobs maT gavrce-lebas mTel saqarTveloSi. garda amisa, gundis wevrebs, SemdgomSi cnobil lot-barebs _ kiwi gegeWkors, kirile paWko-rias, vano kozmavas, maqsime anuas, ZRiki ZiafSifas, rema Selegias, platon fancu-laias Taviani gundebis repertuarSic SehqondaT Zuku lolus mier scenaze gamotanili afxazuri simRerebi. esenia: `ayiSi~, `azari~, `daWrilis simRera~, `sacekvao~, `RiRini~, `SaraTini~ da mra-vali sxva.
momdevno wlebSi Zuku lolua afxa-zeTSi aRar moRvaweobda, magram am kuTxis simRerebs mniSvnelovani adgili eWira misi gundebis repertuarSi, rac xels uwyobda afxazuri kulturis popu-larizacias.
soxumSi yofnis periodSi Zuku lolua SemoqmedebiT moRvaweobas aqtiur sazoga-doebriv saqmianobas uTavsebda. man gax-sna qalaqSi pirveli wignis farduli samkiTxveloTi, misi TaosnobiTa da adgi-lobriv moRvaweTa daxmarebiT aRiZra filarmoniuli sazogadoebis daarsebisa da samusiko skolis Camoyalibebis sa-kiTxi. 1919 wels qarTuli samusiko sazo-gadoebis kolegiam swored Zuku loluas TxovniT miavlina soxumSi cnobili moRvawe zaqaria CxikvaZe, romelmac Camo-ayaliba amave sazogadoebis afxazeTis ganyofileba. samusiko skolis daarseba ki 1921 wels moxerxda.
Zuku loluam aramarto praqtikulad, aramed Teoriuladac Seiswavla afxazuri folklori da mas ori werili miuZRvna: `afxazeTis musika~ da `patara saubari afxazTa saxalxo musikisa da simRerebis Sesaxeb~.
Zuku lolua namdvili lideri iyo ara marto xelovnebis sferoSi: 1918 wels Turqebis Semosevis dros man megrel-af-xazTa 130 kaciani razmi Sekriba da saqar-Tvelos teritoriuli mTlianobis dasa-cavad baTumSi Caiyvana.
Zuku loluas niWiereba, interesTa mravalferovneba, SemoqmedebiTi aqtiuro-ba da patriotuli suli mas WeSmaritad didi sazogado moRvaweebis gverdiT aye-nebs.
marina kviJinaZe z. faliaSvilis samusiko
gimnaziis pedagogi
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Zveli presis furclebze
qarTuli xalxuri sagundo musikis istoriisaTvis
qarTvelma xalxma Tavisi musikaluri niWi da SemoqmedebiTi unari umetesad sasimRero xelovnebis dargSi gamoavlina.
istoriuli da literaturuli wyaro-ebiT irkveva, rom xalxuri simReris saTa-veebs mivyavarT aTaseuli wlebis siRrme-Si. qarTvelma xalxma jer kidev Soreul saukuneebSi gamoimuSava mtkice musika-luri tradicia da Seqmna friad origina-luri mravalxmianoba, rac safuZvlad daedo qarTuli xalxuri sagundo kultu-ris adrindel ganviTarebas.
qarTvel xalxSi ZvelTaganve Caisaxa harmoniul-polifoniuri azrovneba, ramac mZlavri biZgi misca mravalxmianobis warmoSobas da erovnuli kulturis aRma-vlobis paralelurad, mis Semdgom gan-mtkicebasa da TandaTanobiT ganviTarebas. mravalxmianoba qarTuli xalxuri musika-luri Semoqmedebis qvakuTxedia, xolo gunduri erTxmianoba _ misi istoriuli warsuli.
qarTvelma xalxma dRemde Semoinaxa ramdenime nimuSi gunduri erTxmianobisa, romelsac vxvdebiT umTavresad aRmosa-vleT saqarTvelos mTielebis (kerZod, TuS-fSav-xevsurebis), agreTve mesxur da lazur musikalur folklorSi.
qarTuli sagundo kulturis sawyisebis gamorkvevisas didi mniSvneloba eniWeba aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi Semonaxul or-xmian simRerebs. esenia: sakulto-saweso (`dideba~, `mze Sina~, `zari~, `iav-nana~) Sromis (`herio~, `heriega~) da saferxulo simRerebi (`nanavda~, `mumli muxasa~, `sa-TamaSo~).
sakulto-saweso simRerebi sruldeba erTi mTqmelis, an erTimeoris Sena-
cvlebiT, ori mTqmelis mier gundis fonze, romelic gabmul bans Seuxmobs.
Sromisa da saferxulo simRerebSi ritmis gamaxvileba gavlenas axdens banze, romelic sakulto simRerebis saorgano punqtisagan gansxvavebiT, rogorc rit-mulad, ise intonaciurad moZravi xdeba da basso ostinato-s qmnis.
rogorc dRemde Cawerili folklo-ruli masalis Seswavlam dagvarwmuna, or-xmianobis es ori ZiriTadi saxe warmo-adgens qarTuli xalxuri orxmiani sagun-do kulturis mTavar safuZvels.
amasve vamCnevT megrul musikalur folklorSi, sadac warmodgenilia orxmi-anobis mxolod pirveli saxe _ solisti gabmuli banis TanxlebiT.
musikaluri struqturis mxriv gansxva-vebul orxmianobas vxvdebiT aWarul sa-simRero SemoqmedebaSi. aq ori xma poli-foniurad aris Sefardebuli. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom orxmianobis aWaruli nimu-Sebi qarTveli xalxis ganviTarebuli mu-sikaluri azrovnebis produqtia.
qarTvelma xalxma Tavis mexsierebaSi dRemde Semoinaxa ramdenime simRera, orxmianobis metad primitiuli nimuSi, romelic qarTuli xalxuri mravalxmi-anobis Canasaxs, dasabams, misi Camoyali-bebis adrindel safexurs unda warmoa-dgendes. aseT orxmianobas vxvdebiT xev-surul musikalur folklorSi (`xuTSa-baT gaTendeba~). aq bani erTveba simReris yoveli muxlis dasasruls unisonSi, ro-melic tonikas warmoadgens, amitom harmo-niis SegrZneba ver aris jer kidev naT-lad gamomJRavnebuli.
qarTul musikalur folklorSi mTa-vari adgili uWiravs samxmianobas, rom-elic gamoxatavs qarTveli xalxis cxov-rebis yovel mxares. swored samxmian simRerebSi gamoavlina qarTvelma xalxma Tavisi musikaluri niWi, Seqmna erovnuli sasimRero Semoqmedebis klasikuri nimu-Sebi. Soreuli saukuneebidan momdinare saintonacio praqtikam da musikaluri tradiciebis usazRvro mravalferovnebam ganapiroba qarTuli sagundo xelovnebis farTo ganviTareba da maRali saSemsru-leblo ostatoba.
qarTuli xalxuri samxmianobisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia Janrebisa da formebis didi nairsaxeoba. Janrebis mixedviT Se-iZleba gamovyoT Sromis, sagmiro, sa-weso, sayofacxovrebo, mgzavruli, suf-ruli, satrfialo, lirikuli, salaSqro, sacekvao, saferxulo, saxumaro da sxva simRerebi. formis mxriv vxvdebiT rogorc
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stroful, ise farTod gaSlil-ganviTa-rebul samxmian simRerebs.
nairferovnebas iZleva aseve simReris musikaluri aRnagobisa da xmaTaSoris urTierTdamokidebulebis sxvadasxvaoba, agreTve, TiToeuli xmis monawileoba simReris mxatvruli saxis SeqmnaSi.
aRniSnuli niSnebis mixedviT aRmo-savleT saqarTvelos sasimRero Semoqme-debaSi umTavresad Semdegi jgufis sam-xmian sagundo nimuSebs vxvdebiT: 1. gana-pira xmebi oqtavaSi moZraoben, xolo melodia meore xmas mihyavs; 2. ZiriTadi melodia zeviTa xmas mihyavs. meore xma umTavresad terciul SefardebaSia; 3. simReris wamyvani pirveli xmaa, magram meore xmac damoukidebel melodiur qargas qmnis da pirvelTan polifoniur Sexamebas iZleva; 4. ori zeviTa xma xan erTimeoris SenacvlebiT, xan paraleluri moZraobiT aviTarebs simReras. bani oT-xive SemTxvevaSi asrulebs harmoniul funqcias da umTavresad saorgano punqts warmoadgens. aqve aRvniSnavT, rom samxmian simReraSi damwyebad, upiratesad, meore xmaa miCneuli.
qarTuli TviTmyofi xalxuri poli-fonia mTeli Tavisi nairferovnebiT war-modgenilia imerul, gurul, megrul da aWarul samxmian simRerebSi. magram maT Soris kontrapunqtuli xerxebis sirTu-liT, xmaTa urTierTdamokidebulebis Ta-viseburebebiT da intonaciurad ganviTa-rebuli banis aqtiuri monawileobiT gamoirCeva guruli simRerebi. isini gva-ocebs teqnikurad mdidari, rTuli da mravalferovani musikaluri masaliT, ro-melic ganviTarebulia polifoniuri sa-wyisis safuZvelze da es polifonia war-modgenilia metad rTul kompleqsebSi yvela kontrapunqtuli xerxiT.
farTo sazogadoebisaTvis qarTuli xalxuri sagundo kulturis gasacnobad pirveli praqtikuli nabiji cnobilma qarTvelma moRvawem xarlampi savanelma gadadga. man 1873 wels Camoayaliba gundi da qarTuli sagundo simRerebis gamomze-urebisa da farTo propagandis saqmeSi didi roli iTamaSa. marTalia, xarlampi savanelis gundma didxans ver iarseba, magram qarTuli gundis arseboba xalxis moTxovnilebad gadaiqca da mas mimdev-rebic gamouCndnen. 1885 wels lado aRni-aSvilma Camoayaliba `qarTuli xoro~, riTac gza gaukafa qarTuli sagundo kulturis aRorZinebasa da mis Semdgom ganviTarebas. ilia WavWavaZem am gundis mier gamarTuli pirveli koncerti qeba-
didebiT moixsenia, didi momavali uwinas-warmetyvela da mis moRvaweobaSi qarTu-li erovnuli profesiuli musikis Seqm-nisa da ganviTarebis didi SesaZlebloba dainaxa.
qarTuli sazogadoebis erTsulovanma gamoZaxilma metad gaamxneva rogorc la-do aRniaSvili, ise gundis wevrebi da maT irgvliv Semokrebili axalgazrda musi-kos-moRvaweni, romelTac ufro gacxove-lebuli energiiT ganagrZes muSaoba. . .
grigol CxikvaZe
(Jurnali `sabWoTa xelovneba~, 1954, #4)
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qarTuli kulturisa da mecnierebis kerebi
Tbilisis arnold Ciqobavas saxelobis enaTmecnierebis
instituti
arnold Ciqobavas saxelobis enaT-
mecnierebis instituti daarsda 1941 wels, 1936 wels Seqmnili akad. n. maris saxe-lobis enis, istoriisa da materialuri kulturis institutis (enimki) bazaze.
institutis ZiriTadi mimarTulebaa qa-rTuli enis Seswavla rogorc norma-tiuli, ise istoriuli TvalsazrisiT; sxva qarTveluri (megrul-Wanuri /lazu-ri), svanuri) da mTis iberiul-kavkasiuri (afxazur-adiRuri, naxuri, daRestnuri) enebis fonetikis, gramatikuli struq-turis, sintaqsis, leqsikisa da dialeq-tologiis sakiTxebis kvleva sinqronul da diaqronul aspeqtSi, agreTve tipo-logiuri TvalTaxedviT am enaTa sxva jgufis enebTan kontaqtebi.
enaTmecnierebis instituti erTaderTi samecniero dawesebulebaa, sadac Sei-swavleba iberiul-kavkasiuri (paleokavka-siuri) ojaxis 30-ze meti ena, romelTagan damwerlobis mqonea 15.
enaTmecnierebis institutSi Seiqmna fu-ndamenturi gamokvlevebi, romlebmac arse-biTad gansazRvra enaTmecnieruli azris ganviTareba saqarTveloSi:
institutis mier Seqmnilma umniSvne-lovanesma gamokvlevebma, mis mier Cata-rebulma mravalferovanma samuSaom qarTul saenaTmecniero skolas damsaxu-rebuli avtoriteti moupova. institutma samarTlianad daimkvidra msoflioSi qa-rTveluri da mTis kavkasiuri enebis Ses-wavlis samecniero centris saxeli. qar-Tuli saenaTmecniero skolis Sedegebsa da principebs iziareben da emyarebian saqarTvelos farglebs gareT moRvawe kavkasiologebic, ramac ganapiroba qar-
Tvel enaTmecnierTa miwveva da aqtiuri monawileoba saerTaSoriso samecniero konferenciebsa da simpoziumebze.
enaTmecnierebis instituts mudmivi sa-mecniero kontaqtebi aqvs ucxoeTis sxva-dasxva samecniero centrTan. qarTvel me-cnierebs iwveven msoflio samecniero konferenciebsa da simpoziumebze. ukanas-knel xans 20-ze meti TanamSromeli mowve-viT imyofeboda germaniaSi, safrangeTSi, inglisSi, SvedeTSi, israelSi, iranSi, TurqeTSi, holandiaSi, ruseTSi da sxv. axalgazrda mecnieri TanamSromlebi miv-linebiT iyvnen Sri-lankaSi, holandiaSi, safrangeTsa da germaniaSi. TanamSromel-Ta erTma jgufma ramdenime programa ganaxorciela lundis universitetis lingvistikisa da fonetikis departamen-tTan erTad, agreTve frankfurtisa da miunxenis universitetebTan TanamSrom-lobiT.
institutisTvis umniSvnelovanes amoca-nas warmoadgens qarTvelur enaTa dia-leqturi da dargobrivi leqsikonebis sruli korpusis Seqmna. am mizniT insti-tuti axorcielebs qarTuli enis saxel-mwifo programis leqsikologiuri ganak-veTis pirvel etaps. am programiT ukve gamocemulia `xevsuruli leqsikoni~ (2005), `TuSuri leqsikoni~ (2003), `guruli leqsikoni~, `qarTluri leqsikoni~, `qar-Tuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikonis~ axali redaqciis pirveli tomi (2007-2008) da mzaddeba didi qarTul-rusuli leq-sikoni. institutSi aseve Sedgenilia `ingilouri leqsikoni~, `Wanuri leqsi-koni~, `fSauri leqsikoni~. gansakuT-rebuli aRniSvnis Rirsia `svanuri leq-sikoni~.
bolo dros gamoica `qarTuli enis orTografiuli leqsikoni~, `Jurnalistis stilistikuri cnobari~, `qarTuli si-tyvis kulturis sakiTxebis~ ramdenime tomi.
institutis monawileobiT da xelmZRva-nelobiT gamosacemad momzadda enciklo-pedia `qarTuli ena~. es aris qarTuli enis Sesaxeb umniSvnelovanesi ganmazoga-debeli naSromi, romelic warmoaCens qarTuli enis struqturis, qarTuli lin-gvisturi azris ganviTarebis ZiriTad etapebs, warmogvidgens kulturisa da mecnierebis im centrebs, romlebmac arse-biTi wvlili Seitanes qarTuli salite-raturo enis Camoyalibebasa da ganviTa-rebaSi.
instituti sistematurad muSaobs qarTuli samecniero-teqnikuri termino-
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logiis normalizaciisa da unifikaciis sakiTxebze. mecnierebis swrafi ganviTa-rebis epoqaSi semantikurad zusti da calsaxa, formobrivad moqnili da enis Sinagan bunebas Seguebuli terminis mig-neba da danergva institutisTvis mni-Svnelovani amocanaa. am mxriv instituts didi gamocdileba da tradicia aqvs, rac xelsayrel pirobas uqmnis terminolo-giuri muSaobis Semdgom gaRrmavebasa da gafarToebas. qveynis damoukideblobis mo-povebam yvela oficialur sferoSi moi-Txova Sesabamisi terminologiebisa da standartebis Seqmnis aucilebloba.
erTi simReris istoria
`kirialesa~
berZnuli formula kirie eleison
(ufalo Segviwyale) saqarTveloSi ramde-nime simReris saxelwodebasa da refrenSi dasturdeba, oRond gaxalxurebuli, modificirebuli formiT: kirialesa, lei-son da kiria, kililesa, krialeso, eisade kirie.
kirialesas samegreloSi axali wlis misalocad kardakar Camovlisas dResac asruleben. aRniSnuli msvleloba deta-lurad aqvs aRwerili XVII saukunis ita-liel misioners, Teatinel bers _ arqan-jelo lambertis: `axalweliwads did pa-tivsa scemen da friad dResaswauloben megrelebi... gaTenebisas gaemarTebian ba-tonis saxlisaken. am procesiaSi TiToe-uls sasaxlisaken miaqvs is, rac Sehferis mis xelobas. magaliTad, saxlTuxucesi yvelaze win midis da moaqvs xonCaze dawyobili ori oqros gvirgvini, Zvirfasi qvebiT Semkuli _ erTi mTavrisaTvis, meo-re dedoflisaTvis. amas misdevs mejini-beTuxucesi, romelsac mihyavs Semkuli cxeni. visac jogebi abaria _ msuqani xari. mwyemss _ saukeTeso batkani, mzareulebs _ goWebi da xoxbebi, xabazs _ puri, meRvines _ Rvino, mebaRes _ xili. amaT mosdevs saukeTeso saeklesio tansac-melSi Semosili samRvdeloeba xatebiT xelSi. mTeli es procesia mxiarulad miimReris kirileison, kirileison. erTi rom ityvis, sxvebi pasuxs gascemen. sax-lis kars rom miuaxlovdebian, erTi maTgani Semosavs kars suroTi... kiri-leisonis galobiT Sedian sasaxleSi, yvela oTaxs Semoivlian da suroTi Semosaven~ (arqanjelo lamberti _ samegrelos aRwera. Tb. 1938:137-138). cnobi-lia, rom momRerlebs vaSliT, broweu-liTa da yvavilebiT Semkuli CiCilakic dahqondaT xolme. aliloobisa da Wonaze siarulis msgavsad, kirialesas mTqmelebi sanovagesa da fuls agrovebdnen.
_ hei, maspinZelo, kari gaaRe/ axal wels mogilocav!/es Zveli da sxva _ axali/ sikeTiT gaixare/ veras gaklebdes eSmaki da mzakvari/ Seni beReli _ Romis marcvliT aivsos/ Seni marani _ RviniT aivsos/ Seni akvani _ dalocvili/ Seni damwyevleli _ amomwydari/ moxucebuli Tu gyavs _ mieRwios Svidas wlamde/ Sors Tu gyavs vinme _ mSvidobiT dag-brunebodes/ erTi raime damimate Senag-
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roveb fulze! _ aseTia am saaxalwlo milocvis sityvieri teqstebis qarTuli Targmani.
aRsaniSnavia, rom kirie eleisonis dReisaTvis Cvens xelT arsebuli 8 qar-Tuli variantidan 4 _ swored megruli saaxalwloa da maTi intonaciuri anali-zi aSkarad avlens kavSirs saferxulo wyobis nimuSebTan. erTi _ imeruli kria-leso saaRdgomo ferxulad aris dafiq-sirebuli. vfiqrob, es faqti kargi argumentia saSobao da saaRdgomo simRe-rebis erTi wyarodan momdinareobis mtkicebisaTvis, xolo maTi Sesrulebis saferxulo wesi marTlac ritualis war-marTul xanaSi warmoSobaze unda migva-niSnebdes. dimitri arayiSvilis mier 1902 w. samegreloSi Cawerili lesion da kiria da ungreli konstantine kovaCis mier 1929 w. samurzayanoSi mopovebuli kili-lesa mindvris an yanis samuSaoebis dasrulebisas saTqmeli orxmiani simRe-rebia.
g. eliavas xelnaweri masalebis mixe-dviT irkveva, rom kirie eleisonis kidev erTi versia samegreloSi (sof. banZa) aRdgomidan merve dRes gamarTul Wveni-erobis dResaswauls ukavSirdeba. nino
RambaSiZis mier mopovebuli informaciiT, simRera eisade kiries asrulebda muxis norC xeze asuli moxuci mamakaci. Semdeg am xes kacebi moTxridnen, mxrebze gaideb-dnen da amave simReriT jer sasaflaos Semouvlidnen, Semdeg ki eklesias.
2011 w. qarTuli xalxuri simReris sa-erTaSoriso centris mier martvilSi mowyobilma eqspediciam (n. RambaSiZe, m. suxiaSvili) gamoavlina kirialesas saintereso nimuSi, romelic musikaluri TvalsazrisiT Zalian hgavs elesas. ase rom, SeiZleba dasavleT saqarTvelos ramdenime kuTxeSi sawnaxlis, xis morebis, mZime tvirTis gadatanis, navis an badis gamoTrevis dros koleqtiuri Sromis procesis organizebisaTvis gankuTvnili nimuSis saxelwodeba, agreTve, guriasa da aWaraSi naduris damamTavrebeli elesa da lazeTSi SemorCenili saqorwilo helesac kirie eleisonis saxecvlil formad miviCnioT.
nino kalandaZe eTnomusikologi,
musikologiis doqtori
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redaqtori: maka xarZiani
mTargmneli: maia kaWkaWiSvili
komp. uzrunvelyofa: maka xarZiani Tamaz gabisonia levan veSapiZe
© Tbilisis vano sarajiSvilis saxelobis saxelmwifo konservatoriis tradiciuli
mravalxmianobis kvlevis saerTaSoriso centri, 2011
biuletenis Semdegi nomeri gamova 2012 wlis ivnisSi
eISSN 1512-228X
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Tbilisis vano sarajiSvilis saxelobis saxelmwifo konservatoria.
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