tc22.95.00 - engineering unit conversation

8/12/2019 Tc22.95.00 - Engineering Unit Conversation

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EN GIN EE RIN G UNIT CONV ERSIONSF o u r t h E d i t i o nC u r r e n t p r i n t i n g o f t h i s e d i t i o n : 6

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TABLEOFCONTENTSPREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDI TI ON vI NTRODUCTI ON vi iCONVERSI ON FACTORS 1TEMPERATURE CONVERSI ONS

F a hr e nh ei t and Cent i gr ade 0 t o 100 ) 150TEMPERATURE CONVERSI ONS 151THE ELEMENTS 152FUNDAMENTAL AND DERI VED CONSTANTS 153ASTRONOM CAL DATA 153GREEK ALPHABET 154SI PREFI XES 154

BI NARY PREFI XES 154

DECI MAL EQUI VALENTS 155UNOFFI CI AL HUMOROUS ANDODD UNI TS AND ABBREVI ATI ONS 156POSTSCRI PTS 159

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PREF CEt o t h e F o u r t h E d i t i o n

t h asbe e n f i v e y e ar s si nc e I wr o t e t h el a s t e d i t i o n o f t h i s b o o k . S i nc e t h a t t i me ,t h e wo r l d h a s b e c o me mo r e c o mp l e x a n d i n t e r n a t i o n a l . A c c o r d i ng l y , t h i s n e we d i t i o n c o nt ai ns ma n y n e w bas i c c o nv e r s i o ns t h a t h a v e d e v e l o pe d o r h a v e b e e ne nc o u nt e r e d o r s o u g h t o u t .A s i g n i f i c a n t number o f ne w c o nv e r s i o ns ar e si de e f f e c t s o f t h e me t r i f i c a t i o n o ft wo o t h e r b o o k s t h a t I h a v e w r i t t e n : MechanicalEngineering ReferenceManualan d ivil Engineering ReferenceManual A s I r e wr o t e e a c h c h apt e r t o p r e s e ntd at a a n d f o r mu l as c o v e r i ng t h e e n t i r e t i e s o f t h e c i v i l a n d me c h a ni c al e n g i ne e r i ngf i e l d s , I e nc o u nt e r e d many i ns t anc e s o f c o nv e r s i o ns t h a t we r e u nav ai l abl e i n t h epr e v i o u s e d i t i o n o f t h i s b o o k .Mo d e r n t e c h no l o g y al s o h e l pe d me ac c u mu l at e ne w c o n v e r s i o ns . I h av e mo ni -t o r e d t h esc i . e ng r n e ws g r o u p s f o r y e ar s , k e epi ng c o pi e s o f u n i t s t h a t I t h o u g h th ad a pl ac e i n t h i s e d i t i o n . I n1997, I al so po s t e d s e v er al no t i c e s i n t h esc i . e ngrn e ws g r o u p s as ki ng f o r c o n t r i b u t i o n s t o t h i s e d i t i o n . Mo s t o f t h e e l e me nt s i n t h en e w U n o f f i c i a l , Hu mo r o u s , a n d Od d U n i t s a n d A b b r e v i at i o ns s e c t i o n o f t h i sb o o k ar e t h e r e s u l t o f t h ese po s t i ng s .F i n a l l y , seve r al e d i t o r i a l c h an g e s we r e made i n t h i s e d i t i o n . F o r e x a mp l e , t h i se d i t i o n ad o p t s t h ec o nv e nt i o n B t u r f o r B r i t i s h T h e r ma l U n i t , r e p l a c i n g t h e

B T U u s e d i npr e v i o u s e d i t i o n s . A l s o , L r e pl ac e s t h euf u s e d f o r l i t e r i npr e v i o u s e d i t i o n s . I no t h e r mat t e r s , t h e o r g ani z a t i o n a n d f o r mat o f t h i s b o o kh a v e wi t h s t o o d t h e t e s t o f t i me .Mi c h ae l R. Li nd ebu r g , P E

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I NTRODUCTI ONA f e w wo r d s a b o u t h o w t h i s b o o k i s a r r a ng ed w i l l make i t e a s i e r t o us e. F a mi l i a r i t y w i t h t h e f o l l o w i n g g u i d e l i n e s w i l l a s s i s t y o u i nl o c a t i n gt h e c o n v e r s i o n y o un ee d.Con ver s i on s i n t h i s bo ok a r e l i s t e d a l p h a b e t i c a l l y . Each u n i t f o r whi c h ac o n v e r s i o n f a c t o r i s g i v e n a pp ea r s on ce i n t h e f i r s t ( MU L T I P L Y ) c o l u mn o f t h et a b l e . T h e u n i t i so mi t t e d f r o m t h e f i r s t c o l u mn f o r s u b s e q u en t c o n v e r s i o n s o ft h a t u n i t .

I n a d d i t i o n t o b e i n g l i s t e d a l p h a b e t i c a l l y , u n i t s b y t h e ms e l v e s a r e l i s t e db e f o r e t h e i r c o mp o u n d u n i t s ( i . e . , d y n e s comes b e f o r e d y n e - c m) . S p e c i f i c a l l y ,s i n g l e u n i t s a r e g i v e n f i r s t ( e . g . , f e e t ) , u n i t s d i v i d e d b y a n ot h er u n i t come n e x t( e . g . , f e e t / s e c ) , a n d u n i t s mu l t i p l i e d b y a n ot h er u n i t a r e l a s t ( e . g . , f o o t - l b f ) .U n i t s i n t h e t h i r d ( T O OBTAI N c o l u mn o f t h e t a b l e a r e a l p h a b e t i z e d i n t h esame ma n n e r .Du r i n g t he p l a n n i n g s t a g e f or t h i s bo ok , i t wa s d i f f i c u l t t o come up wi t h a s t a n d a r d p r e s e n t a t i o n o f t h e u n i t s i n a f o r m t h a t a l l e ng i n eer s wo u l d r e c o g n i z e a n dt h a t wo u l d l e n d i t s e l f t o a n a e s t h e t i c p a g e l a y o u t . A b b r e v i a t i o n s a n d s y mb o l sc o mmo n l y u s e d b y en gi n ee r s we r e t o o b r i e f a n d l e f t t o omuch r o o m f o r i n t e r p r e t a t i o n . Ho we v e r , spa c e l i mi t a t i o n s d i d n o t a l l o w f o r s p e l l i n g o u t t h enameo fea c h u n i t i n i t s e n t i r e t y , so a c o mpr o mi s e wa s made. U n i t s a r e s p e l l e d o u t u pt o a s l a s h ( r e p r e s e n t i n g p e r ) o r hy p h e n ( f o r c o mp o u n d u n i t s ) , a t wh i c h p o i n tcommon a b b r e v i a t i o n s a r e us e d.F o r e x amp l e , t h e me t r i c u n i t of power i s l i s t e d as wa t t s . Wa t t s p er h our i sl i s t e d as w a t t s / h r ( w a t t s i s t h e s o l e n u me r a t o r ) . T h e c o mp o u n d u n i t w a t t -h o u r s p e r k i l o g r a m i s l i s t e d as w a t t - h r / k g .The c o n v e n t i o n of s p e l l i n g out u n i t s means t h a t some u n i t s w i l l no t a ppea r i n t h e i r mo s t common f o r ms . P o u n d s p e r s q u a r e i n c h i s f o un d u n d e r

p o u n ds / i n 2 , a n d n o t u n de r t h e c o mmo n l y u s e d a b b r e v i a t i o n p s i . Cu b i cf e e t ( mo s t c o mmo n l y r e p r e s e n t e d as f t 3 ) i s i n t h e C s e c t i o n l i s t e d u n d e r

c u b i c f e e t , a n d n o t i n t h e F s e c t i o n u n d e r f t 3 o r f e e t c u be d. How-e v e r , f t 3 i s t h e a b b r e v i a t i o n u s e d w h e n c u b i c f e e t a p pe a r s a f t e r a h y p h e n i n ac o mp o u n d u n i t ( e. g . . p o i s e - f t 3 / I b m) o r a f t e r a s l a s h ( e . g . , g a l l o n s / f t 3 ) . S i mi l a r l y ,s q u a r e f e e t i s f o un d i n t h e S s e c t i o n .

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v i i i ENGINEERING UNIT CL

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a mp er e - t u r n s / i n 0. 039370. 393739. 3749 474.0. 494740. 494740. 494743. 19204. 947x 10~5

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a mp e r c - t u r n s / m 0. 0010. 010. 02541256. 60. 0125660. 0125660. 0125660. 0810761. 2566x 10~6

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a r e s 0. 024710 a c r e s100. c e n t a r e s0. 01 h e c t a r e s0. 098842 r o o d s1.0 x 10 6 s q ua r e c e nt i me t e r s0. 247105 s quar e c h a i ns ( Gunt e r ' s o r s ur v eyor ' s )1076. 4 s q ua r e f e e t155, 000. s q ua r e i nc h e s1. 0 x 1 0 4 s q u a r e k i l o me t e r s2471. s q u a r e l i n k s ( Gun t e r ' so r s ur v eyor ' s )100. s qua r e me t e r s3. 861 x 1CT5 s q u a r e m l e s3. 95367 s q ua r e r o d s a l s o s q u a r e p e r c h e s )119. 6 s quar e ya r ds1. 07250 x 1 0 6 t o wns h i p s



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ENGINEERING UNIT G

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MULTIPLY Y TOOBT INb a g s *ba r s 0. 986923 a t mo s p h e r e s75. 006 c e n t i met e r s Hg a t 0 C

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8 NGIN RING UNIT ONVERSIONSMUL T I P L Y B Y T O OBT A I Nb a r r e l s ( 31. 5 U. S. g a l l o n s 119, 241. c u b i c c e n t i me t e r s

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b a r r e l s 1. 3125 g a l l o n s (U. S. . l i q u i d / h r( 31. 5 U. S. ga l l on s ) / d a y 0. 021875 g a l l o n s ( U. S. , l i q u i d / m i n3. 646 x 1 0 4 g a l l o n s ( U. S. , l i q u i d / s e c

b a r r e l s ( 42 U. S. g a l l o n s 5. 615 c ub i c f e e t( p e t r o l e u m) 9702. c u b i c i n c he s

0. 1589873 c u b i c me t e r s0. 2080 c ub i c y a r d s42. g a l l o n s ( U. S. , l i q u i d1 . o i l b a r r e l s336. p i n t s ( U. S. , l i q u i d168. q u a r t s ( U. S. , l i q u i d

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ENGINEERING UNIT ONVERSIONS 9MU LT IP LY B Y T O OBT INb ec q ue r e l s 2. 703 x 1 0 n c u r i e s

1 . d i s i n t e g r a t i o n s / s e cb e l 10. d e c i b e l sBeV 1.0 x 10 9 e l e c t r o n v o l t sb o a r d f t 0. 0052083 c o r d f t6. 5104 x 1 0 4 c o r d s

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b o ug i e d ec i ma l e s 1 . c a nd l e s ( i n t l )0. 104167 c a r c e l u n i t s1 . E n g l i s h s p e r m c a nd l e s1. 11111 h e f ne r u n i t s1 . l u me ns / s t e r a d1 . pe nt a ne c a nd l e s

B r i t i s h T h e r ma l U ni t ( s e e Bt u )

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LO NGIN RING UNIT On mno unoMUL TIP LY Y T O OBTAINB t u t r a d i t i o n a l ) 252. c a l o r i e s ( 1ST)252. 2 c a l o r i e s ( t h er mo )10, 410. c ubi c c e nt i me t e r - a t m

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lsuiN INU UNIT ONVERSIONS

MUL T I P L Y B Y T O OB T I NBt u / f t 2 - d a y 0.04167

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Bt u / f t 2 - h r - F 24.0.48821.356 x1 0 13.94 x1 0 44 8825.68 x1 0 45.680.00113080.0020354

Bt u/ f t 2 day Fg r a m- c a l / c m- h r -Cg r a m- c a l / cm sec Cho r sepower / f t 2 Fki l ogramcal / hr m Cwa t t s / c m2-Cwa t t s / m2-Cwa t t s / i n 2-Cwat t s/ i n2 F

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N IN RIN UNIT ONVERSIONS L3MUL T I P L Y BY T O OBTA I NBtu f t / f t 2 hr F 2 88 . Bt u i n/ f t 2 day F

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14 ENGINEERING UNIT ONVEX

MUL T PL Y BY TO OBT AI Nb u t t s B r i t i s h ) 4 b a r r e l s 31. 5U S g a l l o n s )126. g a l l o n s U. S. . l i q u i d )4032. i l l s2. hogsheads1008. p i n t s U. S. . l i q u i d )0. 9995 p i pes504. q u a r t s U. S. . l i q u i d )

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j v u i j v u i u t l i l ivNIT ONVERSIONS L5

M U L T I P L Y B Y T O O B T A I Nc a b l e l e n g t h s 120.

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16 ENGINEERING UNIT CG2 J-Jl l i l VMUL T I P L Y B Y T O O B T A I Nc a l o r i e s t h e r mo ) 0. 0039657

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cal ori es cmsec C 241. 9 B t u - f t / f t 2 - h r - c Fc al o r i e s / c m2 - mi n 697. 33 wa t t s / m2cal or i es cm sec C 7373 Bt u / f t 2- h r - Fc a l o r i e s / g 1. 8

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c a nd l e s / c m2 6. 451563. 141591 .929. 0263141. 591 .

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c a n d l e s / f t 2 33. 81580. 006944410. 7643. 141550. 00338160. 00107641 .0. 0010764

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winning UNIT ONVERSIONS 17MUL T I P L Y B Y T O OB T I Nc a n d l e s / i n 2 4869. 5 a p o s t i l b s0. 1550 c a n d l e s / c m2

144. c a n d l e s / f t 21550. c a n d l e s / m

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c a n d l e s / m2 3. 14159 a p o s t i l b s0. 092903 c a n d l e s / f t 26. 4516 x 1 0 4 c a n d l e s / i n 20. 29186 f o o t - l a mb e r t s3. 14159 x 1 0 4 l a mb er t s1.0 x 10 4 l u me ns / c m2 - s t e r a d0. 092903 l u me n s / f t 2 - s t e r a d1 . n i t s1,0 x 1 0 ~4 s t i l b s

c a r a t s me t r i c ) 0. 11288 dr a ms a v o i r )0. 051441 d r a ms t r o y )3. 0865 g r a i n s0. 2 g r a ms2 .0 x 10 4 k i l o gr a ms200. mi l l i g r a ms0. 0070548 o u n c e s a v o i r )0. 0064302 o u n c e s t r o y )0. 12860 p e nn y we i gh t s4. 4093 x 1 0 4 p o u n d s a v o i r )5. 3585 x 1 0 4 p o u n d s t r o y )0. 15432 s c r upl es0. 0068571 t o n s ( as s ay )

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c a r c e l s 9. 6 b o ugi e de c i ma l e s9. 6 c a ndl e s i n t e r n a t i o n a l )9. 6 E n g l i s h s p e r m c a nd l e s10. 667 h ef n er u n i t s9. 6 l u me ns / s t e r a d9. 6 p e nt a n e c a nd l e s

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18 NGIN RING UNIT CON

MUL T I PL Y B Y T O OBT I NCCF 100 c ubi c f e e tc el os 30. 48 c e nt i me t e r s / sec1 . f e e t / s e c 2

0. 031081 g g r a v i t y )1. 0973 k i l omet er s / hr - s ec0. 304801 me t e r s / s e c 240. 909 mi l e s / h r - mi n0. 6818 m l es / hr - s ecc e n t a l s 0. 89286 h un dr e dwe i gh t s l o n g )

1 . h u ndr e dwe i gh t s s h o r t )45. 3592 k i l o gr a ms1600. ounces a v o i r )100. pounds a v o i r )0. 178571 q t i a r t e r s l o n g )0.2 q u a r t e r s s h o r t )0. 453592 q u i n t a l s3. 1081 s l ugs0. 044643 t o n s l o n g )0. 045359 t o n s me t r i c )0. 05 t o n s s h o r t )

c e n t a r e s 2. 47105 x 1 0 ~4 a c r e s0. 01 a r e s1.0 x 10 4 h e c t a r e s10, 000. s q u a r e c e nt i me t e r s0. 00247105 s qua r e c h a i ns ( Gun t e r ' s o r s ur veyor ' s )10. 764 s q u a r e f e e t1550. s q ua r e i nc h es1. 0 x 1 0 6 s q u a r e k i l o me t e r s24. 71 s q u a r e l i n k s ( Gunt e r ' s o r s ur veyor ' s )1 . s q u a r e me t e r s3. 861 x 1 0 ~7 s q u a r e m l es0. 0395367 s q u a r e r o ds a l s o pe r che so r po l e s )1. 196 s qu ar e y ar ds

c e nt i gr a ms 0. 0056438 dr ams a v o i r )0. 0025721 dr ams t r o y )0. 15432 g r a i n s0. 01 g r ams3. 5274x 10 4 ounces a v o i r )3. 2151 x 1 0 4 oun ce s t r o y )0. 0064302 pe n ny we i gh t s2. 2046 x 1 0 5 pounds a v o i r )2. 6792 x 10 5 pounds t r o y )0. 0077162 s c r upl es



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i i i v G i N r u N i UNIT ONVERSIONS 1 9

MUL T I P L Y

c e nt i me t e r sBY

1.0 x1081. 181139.370.0218720.0010.10.5249356.6932.36110.00546810.03280840.0984250.3937011.0 x 10- 54.72440.049710.032810.011.0 x 10 41.0 x 1 0 1 010 000.6.214 x1010.1.0 x 10 7393.7010.1751.0 x 10 70.01310.1310.001988428.4520.00198840.0437415,531.60.010936

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a ngs t r omsb a r l e y c o r n sc a l i b e r sc u b i t sd ec a me t e r s a l s o d ek a me t e r s )de c i me t e r sd i g i t sd o uz i e me sems p i c a )f a t h o msf e e th a n d si n c he sk i l o me t e r sl i n e sl i n k s ( Gun t e r s o r s ur v ey or s )l i n k s ( Ra ms d e n s o r e ng i ne er s )me t e r smi c r o me t e r smi c r o mi c r o n smi c r o n smi l e smi l l i me t e r smi l l i mi c r o n smi l sn a i l sn a n o me t e r sp a c e sp a l mspe r c h e sp o i n t sr o dss p a n swa v e l e ng t h s r e d l i n e c a d mi u my a r ds

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ENGINEERING UNIT ONVEliJl

MU L T I P L Y BY TO O B T A I Nc e n t i me t e r sHg a t 0C 0.013158 a t mo s p he r e s

0.013332 b ar s13,332. d y n e s / c m20.4468 f e e t H20 a t 68F13.595 g r a ms / c m0.3937 i n c he s Hg a t 32F5.362 i n c he s H20 a t 68F0.013595 k i l o g r a ms / c m2135.95 k i l o g r a ms / m21.3595x10~4 k i l o gr a ms / mm21.3332 k i l o p a s c a l s3.09379 o u n c e s / i n 21333.22 pas c al s27.845 po u n ds / f t0.19337 p o u n ds / i n 20.013923 t o n s s h o r t ) / f t 29.6684x10 5 t o n s s h o r t ) / i n 210.0 t o r r

c e n t i me t e r sH Oa t 4C 9.6781x10 4 a t mo s p he r e s9.8064x10 4 b ar s980.64 d y n e s / c m21.0 g r a ms / c m20.393701 i n c he s H201.0 k i l o g r a ms / m298.06 pas c al s2.0481 p o u n d s / f t 20.014223 p o u n ds / i n 2

c e nt i me t e r s / s e c 118.11 f e e t / h r1.9685 f e e t / mi n0.032808 f e e t / s e c0.036 k i l o me t e r s / h r6.0x10 4 k i l o me t e r s / mi n0.019425 k n ot s0.6 me t e r s / mi n0.01 me t e r s / s e c0.02237 mi l e s / h r3.727x10 4 mi l e s / mi n

c e n t i me t e r s / s e c 2 0.03281 f e e t / s e c 2c e n t i me t e r s / s e c 2 0.00101972 g g r a v i t y )1. g a l i l e o s0.3937 i n c he s / s e c 20.036 k i l ome t e r s / h r s e c0.01 me t e r s / s e c 21.34216 mi l e s / h r mi n0.02237 mi l e s / hr s e c

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&9GBSf EBt ,ZNG UNIT CONVERSIONS 21MULTIPLY BY TO OBT IN

c en t i po i s e s 0. 01 dy ne - s e c / c m0. 01 gr am/ s e c - c m1. 01972 x 1 0 ~4 k i l o gr a m ( f o r c e ) - s e c / m23. 6 k i l o gr a ms / m- h r0. 001 pas cal - s e c ond0. 01 p o i s e s2. 4191 p o u n d s ( mas s ) / f t - h r6. 7197 x 1 0 4 p o u n d s( mas s ) / f t - s e c2. 089 x 1 0 ~5 p oun d- s e c / f t 21. 450 x 1 0 ~7 p o un d - s e c / i n22. 4193 p o un d a l - h r / f t 26. 7197 x 1 0 ~4 p o un d al - s e c / f t 2c e n t i s t o k e s 0. 01 s q u a r e c e n t i me t e r s / s e c0. 03875 s q u a r e f e e t / h r1. 0764 x 1 0 ~5 s q u a r ef ee t / s ec0 . 001550 s q u a r e i nc he s / s e c0 . 0036 s q u a r eme t e r s / I n -1. 0 x 10 6 s q u a r e me t e r s / s e c0. 01 s t o k e s

c e n t u r i e s 10. d e c a d e s0. 1 mi l l e n n i a100. year s

c h ai n s 0. 66 c h ai n s ( Rams d e n ' s o r e ngi ne er ' s )( Gun t e r ' s o r s ur v e y o r ' s ) 66. f e e t

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c h ai n s 1. 51515 c h ai n s ( Gun t e r ' s o r s ur v ey or ' s )( Rams d e n ' s o r engi ne er ' s ) 100. f e e t

0. 151515 f u r l o n g s1200. i n c he s0 . 03048 k i l o me t e r s151. 515 l i n k s ( Gun t e r ' s o r s ur v ey or ' s )100. l i n k s ( Rams d e n ' s o r e ngi ne er ' s )30. 48 me t e r s0. 01894 mi l e s s t a t u t e )40 . p a c e s6. 0600 r o d s a l s o p e r c h e so r po l e s )33. 3333 y a r d s

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22 NGIN RING UNITCOl. .MUL T I P L Y B Y T O OB T A I Nc h a l d r o n s 36. b us h e l s

1. 2686 x 1 0 6 c ub i c c e n t i me t e r s44. 800 c ub i c f e e t77, 415. c ub i c i n c h e s1. 2686 c ub i c me t e r s1. 6593 c ub i c y a r d s1. 2686 s t e r e s

c h ev a l - v ape ur ( CV ) 0. 98632 h o r s e p o we r ( U. S. )( s t e am- h o r s e ) 75. k i l o g r a m- m/ s e c

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454. g r a m- c a l1897. 8 j o u l e s

c i r c l e s 3 60. d e gr e e s400. g r a d es21, 600. mi n u t e s4. q ua d r a n t s6. 28319 r a d i a ns1. 296 x 1 0 6 s e c o n d s12. s i gn s

c i r c u l r c e n t i me t e r s 0. 0010764 c i r c u l r f e e t0. 1550 c i r c u l r i n c he s0. 785398 s q u a r e c en t i me t e r s0. 121736 s q u a r e i n c h es7. 854 x 1 0 5 s q u a r e me t e r s

c i r c u l r f e e t 929. 03 c i r c u l r c en t i me t e r s144. c i r c u l r i n c he s729. 66 s q u a r e c e n t i me t e r s0. 785398 s q u a r e f e e t113. 1 s q ua r e i n c he s0. 072966 s q u a r e me t e r s

c i r c u l r i n c h es 6 452 c i r c u l r c e n t i me t e r s0. 0069444 c i r c u l r f e e t645. 161 c i r c u l r mi l l i me t e r s1. 0 x 1 0 5 c i r c u l r mi l s5. 06707 s q u a r e c e n t i me t e r s0. 00545415 s q u a r e f e e t0. 785398 s q ua r e i n c he s5. 06707 x 1 0 ~4 s q u a r e me t e r s506 . 707 s q u a r e mi l l i me t e r s785, 403 . s q u a r e mi l s6 . 0606 x 10 4 s q u a r e y a r d s



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mmv nnuuNIT ONVERSIONS 23MU LT IP LY B Y T O OBT INc i r c u l a r mi l l i me t e r s 0. 00155 c i r c u l a r i nc he s

15, 500. c i r c u l a r mi l s0. 00785398 s q u a r e c e nt i me t e r s8. 45395 x 1 0

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s q u a r e f e e t0. 00121737 s q u ar e i n c he s7. 85398 x l O^ 6 s q u ar e me t e r s7. 85398 s q u a r e m i l l i me t e r s1217. 38 s q u a r e mi l s9. 3933 x 1 0 6 s q ua r e y a r d s

c i r c u l a r mi l s 1.0 x 10- 6 c i r c u l a r i nc he s6. 4516 x 1 0 5 c i r c u l a r m i l l i me t e r s5. 06707 x 1 0 6 s q u a r e c e nt i me t e r s5. 45415 x 1 0 ~9 s q u a r e f e e t7. 85398 x 1 0 7 s q u ar e i nc h es5. 067075 x 1 0 1 0 s q u ar e me t e r s5. 06707 x 1 0 4 s q u a r e m i l l i me t e r s0. 785398 s q u a r e mi l s

c l o 0. 155 k e l v i n s - m2 / Wc o u n t ( wi n d t u n n e l u s a g e ) 0. 0001 c h a n g e i n d r a g c o e f f i c i e n tc o r d s 1536. b o a r d f t

8. c o r d f t3. 6246 x 1 0 6 c ub i c c en t i me t e r s128. c ub i c f e e t221, 184. c ub i c i nc he s3. 625 c ub i c me t e r s4. 7407 c ub i c y a r d s3. 6246 s t e r e s

c o r d f t 192. b o a r d f t0. 125 c o r d s453, 069. c ub i c c en t i me t e r s16. c ub i c f e e t27, 648. c ub i c i nc he s0. 45307 c ub i c me t e r s0. 59260 c ub i c y a r d s0. 45307 s t e r e s

c o u l o mb s 0. 1 a b c o u l o mb s2. 7778 x 1 0 4 a mp er e - h r6. 24142 x 1 0 1 8 e l e c t r o n i c c h a r ge s836, 680. e l e c t r o s t a t i c f t l b f s e c2. 998 x 1 09 e l e c t r o s t a t i c u n i t s1. 0363 x 1 0 5 f a r a da ys2. 998 x 1 09 s t a t c o u l o mb s

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24 NGIN RING UNIT CONMUL T I P L Y B Y T O OB T A I Nc o u l o mb s / c m2 0. 1 a bc o u l o mb s / c m2

6 452 c o u l o mb s / i n 210. 000. c o u l o mb s / m22. 998 x 1 09 s t a t c o u l o mb s / c m

c o u l o mb s / i n 2 0. 0155 a bc o u l o mb s / c m20. 155 c o u l o mb s c m1550. c o u l o mb s / m24 647 x 1 08 s t a t c o u l o mb s / c m

c o u l o mb s / m 1. 0 x 1 0 ~5 a b c o ul o mb s / c m21. 0 x 1 0 - 4 c o u l o mb s / c m26 452 x 1 0 ~4 c o ul o mbs / i n2. 998 x 1 05 s t a t c o ul o mb s / c m

c o ul o mb s / s e c 1 . a mp er esc o ul o mbs / v o l t 1 . f ar ad sc r i n a l s 10. 000. d y n e s

0. 0101972 k i l o g r a ms f o r c e )0. 1 n e wt o n s0. 022481 p ou n d s0. 72330 p ou nd a l s1. 0 x 1 0 ~4 s t h en es

c ubi c c e nt i me t e r s 4. 2378 x 1 0 ~4 b o a r d - f t0. 1 c e n t i l i t e r s3. 5315 x 1 0 5 c ubi c f e e t0. 061024 c ubi c i n c hes1.0 x 10~6 c ubi c me t e r s1000. c ubi c mi l l i me t e r s1. 308 x 1 0 6 c ubi c y a r d s0 . 27051 d r ams2 .2 x 10 4 g a l l o n s I mp e r i a l )2 .3 x 10 4 g a l l o n s ( U. S. . d r y )2. 6417 x 1 0 ~4 g a l l o n s ( U. S. . l i q u i d )0. 0084535 g i l l s15. 432 g r a i n s0. 001 l i t r s1000. mi c r o l i t e r s1 . m i l l i l i t r s16. 231 mi n i ms0. 033814 ou nc es ( U. S. . l i q u i d )0. 0018162 p i n t s ( U. S. . d r y )0. 0021134 p i n t s ( U. S. . l i q u i d )9. 0808 x 1 0 4 q ua r t s ( U. S. , d r y )0. 0010567 q ua r t s ( U. S. , l i q u i d )1.0 x 10 6 s t e r e s



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8M2CNEE UNG UNIT CONVERSIONS 25MUL T I P L Y B Y T O OBT I Nc u bi c c e n t i me t e r - a t m 9. 604 x 1 0 ~5 Bt u

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NGIN RING UNIT ON VEa

MUL T I P L Y B Y T O OB T I Nc u b i c f e e t 2.2957 x1 0 5 a c r e - f t

0.23748 b a r r e l s (31.5 U.S. g a l l o n s0.1781 b a r r e l s (42 U.S. g a l l o n s12. b o a r d - f t0.80356 b us h e l s0.01 C C F0.022321 c h a l d r o n s0.0625 c o r d - f t0.0078125 c o r d s28,317. c u b i c c e n t i me t e r s1728. c u b i c i n c he s0.02831685 c u b i c me t e r s0.037037 c u b i c y a r d s7.660. d r a ms0.83117 f i r k i n s6 229 g a l l o n s I mp e r i a l )6.4285 g a l l o n s (U.S.. d r y7.481 g a l l o n s (U.S.. l i q u i d )239.38 g i l l s0.11874 h o g s h e a d s0.028317 k i l o l i t e r s28.3169 l i t r s957.51 o u n c e s (U.S.. l i q u i d )3.2143 p e c k s51.428 p i n t s (U.S.. d r y59.844 p i n t s (U.S., l i q u i d )25.714 q u a r t s (U.S., d r y29.922 q u a r t s(U.S.. l i q u i d )0.028317 s t e r e s

c u b i c f e e t / b b l31.5U.S. g a l l o n s p e r b b l 0.237476 c u b i c me t e r s / m342 U.S. g a l l o n s p e r b b l 0.1781076 c u b i c me t e r s / m3

c u b i c f e et / d a y 6 944 x 1 0 4 c u b i c f e e t / mi n1.157 x 1 0 ~ 5 c u b i c f ee t / s e c1.966 x 1 0 5 c u b i c me t e r s / mi n0.31169 g a l l o n s (U.S.. l i q u i d ) / h r3 277 x 1 0 4 l i t e r s / s e c

c u b i c f e e t / g a l 7.4805 c u b i c me t e r s / m3c u b i c f e e t / h r 0.016667 c u b i c f e e t / mi nu b i c f e e t / h r

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T ONVERSIONS 7

MUL T I P L Y B Y T O OBT A I Nc u b i c f e e t / mi l e 2 4. 305 x 1 0 ~7 i nc he s o f r u n o f fc u b i c f e e t /

mi l l i o n g a l l o n s 7. 4805 x 1 0 6 c u b i c me t e r s / m3c ub i c f e e t / m n 256. 47 b a r r e l s ( 42 U. S. ga l l o ns ) / d a y10. 687 b a r r e l s ( 42 U. S. g a l l o n s / h r0. 1781 b a r r e l s ( 42 U. S. ga l l o n s ) / m n471. 95 c u b i c c e nt i me t e r s / s e c

1440. c u b i c f e e t / d ay60. c u b i c f e e t / h r9 283 x 10 5 c ub i c f e e t / m n0. 0166667 c u b i c f eet / s ec28. 800 c u b i c i nc he s / s e c1. 699 c u b i c me t e r s / h r0. 02832 c u b i c me t e r s / m n4. 719475 x H U 4 c u b i c me t e r s / s e c0. 0370373 c u b i c y a r d s / m n10. 772. g a l l o n s ( U. S. , l i q u i d / d a y448. 83 g a l l o n s ( U. S. , l i q u i d / h r7. 48052 g a l l o n s ( U. S. , l i q u i d / m i n0. 124675 g a l l o n s ( U. S. , l i q u i d / s e c28. 3168 l i t e r s / m i n0. 47195 l i t e r s / s e c0. 833333 m ner ' s i nc hes *3741. p o u n d s H 2 0 / h r62. 43 po u n d s H2 0 / mi n a t3 F ( 0 C)62. 30 p o u n d s H2 0 / mi n a t68F

c ub i c f e e t / po u nd 0. 062428 c u b i c me t e r s / k g

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28MULTIPLYc ubi c f e et / s ec

NGIN RING UNIT

BY TOOBTAIN1. 9835 a c r e - f t / d a y0. 99173 a c r e - i n c he s / h r15, 389. b a r r e l s ( 42 U. S. g a l l o n s ) / d a y641. 19 b a r r e l s ( 42 U. S. g a l l o n s ) / h r10. 686 b a r r e l s ( 42 U. S g a l l o n s ) / mi n28, 317. c u b i c c e n t i me t e r s / s e c86, 400. c u b i c f e e t / d a y3600. c ub i c f e e t / h r60. c ub i c f e e t / mi n1728. c u b i c i n c he s / s e c1. 6990 c u b i c me t e r s / mi n0. 02831685 c ub i c me t e r s / s e c2. 22224 c ub i c y a r d s / mi n646, 317. g a l l o n s (U. S. . l i q u i d ) / d a y26, 930. g a l l o n s ( U. S. . l i q u i d ) / h r448. 83 g a l l o n s (U. S. . l i q u i d ) / m i n7. 4805 g a l l o n s ( U. S. , l i q u i d ) / s e c1699. l i t e r s / mi n28. 317 l i t e r s / s e c0. 64632 MGD mi l l i o n s o f ga l l o n s / d a y )50. mi n e r s i n ch es *224, 460. p o u n d sH20 hr3745. 8 p o u n d s H20 mn

c ub i c f e e t / mi n 1. 608 c ub i c me t e r s / h ra t 14. 696 p s i a a t 760 mm Hg a n d 0 C

a n d 68F u n i t 0. 4474 l i t e r s / s e c a t 760 mm Hgo f a i r v o l u me f l ow) a n d 0 C

c ub i c f o o t - a t m 2. 720 B t u28, 314. c u b i c c e n t i me t e r - a t m2. 8692 x 1 0 1 0 d y n e - c m2. 8692 x 1 0 1 0 e r g s2116. 2 f o o t - l b f68, 087. f o o t - p o un d a l s685. 4 g r a m- c a l2. 926 x 1 0 7 g r a m- c m0. 001069 h o r s e p owe r - h r ( U. S. )2869. 2 j o u l e s0. 6854 k i l o g r a m- c a l292. 58 k i l o g r a m- m7. 970 x 1 0 ~ 4 k i l o wa t t - h r28. 317 l i t e r - a t m28, 694. me g a l e r g s0. 7970 w a t t - h r

I D ,KS, ND, NE, NM, NV, SD, U T



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30 ENGINEERING UNIT . _. _

MUL T I P L Y B Y T O OB T A I Nc u b i c me t e r s 8. 3864 b a r r e l s 31 . 5 U. S. g a l l o n s )

6. 2898 b a r r e l s 42 U. S. g a l l o n s )423. 78 b o a r d - f t28. 378 b u s he l s100, 000. c e n t i l i t e r s0. 78827 c h a l d r o n s2. 2072 c o r d - f t0. 2759 c o r d s1.0 x 1 0 6 c u b i c c en t i me t e r s35. 3147 c u b i c f e e t61 , 024. c u b i c i n c hes1. 3080 c u b i c y a r d s29. 353 f i r k i n s220. 0 g a l l o n s I mp e r i a l )227. 0 g a l l o n s U. S. , d r y )264. 172 g a l l o n s U. S. , l i q u i d )8453. 5 g i l l s4. 1932 h o g s h e a d s1 . k i l o l i t e r s1000. l i t r s1.0 x 1 0 6 m i l l i l i t r s33, 814. o u n c e s U. S. , l i q u i d )113. 5 1 p e c k s1816. 2 p i n t s U. S. . d r y )2113. 4 p i n t s U. S. , l i q u i d )908. 08 q u a r t s U. S. , d r y )1056. 7 q u a r t s U. S. , l i q u i d )1 . s t e r e s

c u b i c me t e r s / h r 0 588 c u b i c f e e t / mi n2. 778 x 1 0 ~4 c u b i c me t e r s / s e c4. 403 g a l l o n s / mi n U. S. )0. 2778 l i t e r s / s e c

c u b i c me t e r s / m3 4. 21096 c u b i c f e e t / b b l31. 5 U. S. g a l l o n s p e r b b l )5 . 61458 c u b i c f e e t / b b l42 U. S. g a l l o n s p e r b b l )

c u b i c me t e r s / mi n 35 . 314 c u b i c f e e t / mi n0. 5886 c u b i c f eet / s ec264. 17 g a l l o n s U. S. , l i q u i d ) / m i n16. 667 l i t e r s / s e c

c u b i c me t e r s / m- d a y 80. 52 g a l l o n s / f t - d a yc u b i c me t e r s / m2- d a y 24. 54 g a l l o n s / f t 2 - d a y



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^.unvr-Dmivu UNIT ONVERSIONS 3 ]MUL T I P L Y BY T O OBTA I N

c u b i c me t e r s / s e c 2118. 9 c u b i c f e e t / mi n3600 c u b i c me t e r s / h r15. 85 x 103 g a l l o n s / mi n ( U. S. )

c u b i c m i l l i me t e r s 0. 001 c u b i c c e n t i me t e r s6. 1024x 10 5 c u b i c i n c hes2. 7051 x 10~4 d r a ms1 mi c r o l i t e r s0. 001 m i l l i l i t e r s0. 01623 mi n i ms3. 3814 x 10 5 o u n c e s

c u b i c y a r d s 6. 2 x 1 0 4 a c r e - f t6. 4119 b a r r e l s ( 3 1. 5U. S. g a l l o ns )4. 8089 b a r r e l s ( 42U. S. g a l l o ns )324. b o a r d - f t21. 696 b u s he l s0. 60267 c h a l dr o n s1. 6875 c o r d - f t0. 21094 c o r d s764, 554. 9 c u b i c c e n t i me t e r s27. c u b i c f e e t46, 656. c u b i c i n c hes0. 7645549 c u b i c me t e r s22. 442 f i r k i n s168. 17 g a l l o n s I mp e r i a l )173. 57 g a l l o n s ( U. S. , d r y )202. g a l l o n s ( U. S. , l i q u i d )6463. 2 g i l l s3. 2059 h o g s h e a d s0. 76455. 49 k i l o l i t e r s764. 5549 l i t e r s25, 853 . o u n c e s ( U. S. , l i q u i d )86. 785 p e c k s1388. 6 p i n t s ( U. S. , d r y )1616. p i n t s ( U. S. , l i q u i d )694. 28 q u a r t s ( U. S. , d r y )807. 9 q u a r t s ( U. S. , l i q u i d )0. 7645549 s t e r e s

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32 NGIN RING UNIT CGiVV i i w i ^ > S a

MUL T P L Y BY TO OBT AI Nc u b i c y a r d s / mi n 12, 742. 58 c u b i c c e nt i me t e r s / s e cu b i c y a r d s / mi n

27. c u b i c f e e t / mi n0. 45 c u b i c f e e t / s ec0. 01274258 c u b i c me t e r s / s e c202. g a l l o n s ( U. S. . l i q u i d / m i n3. 366 g a l l o n s ( U. S. . l i q u i d / s e c764. 6 l i t e r s / m i n12. 74258 l i t e r s / s e c22. 5 mi n e r s i nc h es *1685. 6 p o u n d s H2 0 / mi n

c u b i t s 45. 720 c e n t i me t e r s1.5 f e e t18. i nc h es0. 45720 me t e r s0. 5 y a r d s

c u p s 2. 365882 x 10 4 c u b i c me t e r s8. o u n c e s ( U. S. , l i q u i d0.5 p i n t s ( U. S. . l i q u i d

c u r i e s 3.7 x 10 1 0 b ec q ue r e l s3.7 x 10 1 0 d i s i n t e g r a t i ons / s e c

CY ( s ee c h e v al - v a pe u r )CWT ( s e e h u n d r e d we i g h t s )c yc l e s / s ec 1 . h e r t z

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uLW T ONVERSIONS 33MUL TI PL Y BY TO OBT AI Nd a l t o n s 1. 66x 10 2 4 gr ams1. 66x 10 2 7 k i l ogr ams5. 8563x 1( T2 6 ounces a v o i r )

3. 6602x 102 7

pounds a v o i r )darcys 1. 062x 10 1 1 square f e e t9. 869233x 10~1 3 squaremet er sdays s i d e r e a l ) 0. 997270 days s o l a r )23. 9345 hours s o l a r )1436. 1 m nut es s o l a r )0. 033771 mo nt hs l u n a r )0. 032787 mo nt hs meancal endar )

86, 400. sec onds s i d e r e a l )86, 164. seconds s o l a r )0. 14247 week s0. 0027248 years l e a p )0. 0027303 years s i d e r e a l )0. 0027304 years s o l a r )days s o l a r ) 1. 00274 days s i d e r e a l )0. 071429 f o r t n i g h t s

24. hours s o l a r )1440. m nut es s o l a r )0. 033863 mo nt hs l u na r )0. 032877 mo nt hs meancal endar )86, 637. seconds s i d e r e a l )86, 400. seconds s o l a r )0. 14286 week s0. 0027322 years l e a p )0. 0027378 years s i d e r e a l )0. 0027379 years s o l a r )

days / kg 0. 45359 day s / l bm0. 03110 days/ ounces t r o y )0. 024 hour s / g10. 886 ho ur s / l bm

day s / l bm 2. 2046 days / kg0. 068573 days / ounce t r o y )0. 052911 hour s / g24. ho ur s / l bmdays / ounce t r o y ) 32. 151 days / kgays / ounce t r o y ) 14. 583 day s / l bm0. 77162 hour s / g350. ho ur s / l bmdebye u n i t s 1.0 x 101 8 e l e c t r o s t a t i c u n i t s

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34 NGIN RING UNIT C w vMU L T P L Y B Y T O O B T A I Ndecades 0. 1 c e n t u r i e s

0. 01 mi l l e n n i a10. y e ar s

dec ag r ams 1 . d ek a g r a ms10. g r ams0. 35274 ounces a v o i r )0. 022046 p o u n d s a v o i r )

d e c a l i t e r s 0. 28378 b us h el s610. 24 c ub i c i nc h es1 . d e k a l i t e r s2. 6417 g a l l o n s U. S. . l i q u i d )10. l i t r sdecame t e r s 1000. c e nt i me t e r s1 . dekame t e r s32. 8084 f e e t393. 70 i nc h es10. me t e r s10. 936 y a r ds

de cas t e r e s 10. c ub i c me t e r s1 . de kas t e r e s10. s t e r e s

d e c i b e l s 0. 1 b el s0. 1151 nepe r1 . t r ans m s s i on u n i t T U )

d ec i g r a ms 0. 1 g r ams0. 0035274 ounces a v o i r )2. 2046 x 1 0 ~4 p o u n d s a v o i r )

d e c i l i t e r s 6. 1024 c ub i c i nc h es0. 1 l i t r s

de c i me t e r s 10. c e nt i me t e r s0. 328083 f e e t3. 9370 i nc h es0. 1 me t e r s0. 10936 y a r ds

d e c i s t e r e s 0. 1 c ub i c me t e r s0. 1 s t e r e s

degr ees a ngul a r ) 1. 11111 g r a de s17. 7778 mi l s60. m nu t e s0. 0111111 q ua dr a nt s0. 017453 r ad i ans0. 00277778 r e v o l u t i o n s3600. seconds0. 033333 s i gns



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ENGINEERING UNIT ONVERSIONS 35MUL TIP LY B Y T O OBT INdegr ees a n g u l a r ) / 3 0 m 1. 015600 degr ees a n g u l a r ) / 1 0 0 f tdegr ees ( angul ar ) / TOO f t 0. 984252 degr ees a n g u l a r ) / 3 0 mdegr ees, aume 140. 0130. 0+Be s p e c i f i c g r a v i t y [ SG < 1. 00]

145. 0145. 0 - Be s p e c i f i c g r a v i t y [ SG > 1. 00]

degr eesC/ 100 m 0. 548640 degr eesF/ 100 f tdegr ees, C l a r k e 1 .0. 8333 g r a i n s / I mp e r i a l g a l l o ng r a i n s / g a l l o n ( U. S. )degr ees / cm 30. 4802. 5460.0. 017453

d e g r e e s / f td e g r e e s / i nm nut es / c mr adi ans / c mdegr eesF/ 100 f t 1. 822689 degr eesC/ 100 md e g r e e s / f t 0. 0328080. 0833331. 96865. 726 x 10 4

degr ees / cmd e g r e e s / i nm nut es / c mr a d i a n s / c m

d e g r e e s / i n 0. 393712.23. 6220. 0068714

degr ees / cmd e g r e e s / f tm nut es / c mr adi ans / c m

degr ees/ sec a n g u l a r ) 0. 017453240.0. 166670. 0027778

r a d i a n s / s e cr e v o l u t i o n s / d a yr e v o l u t i o n s / mi nr e v o l u t i o n s / s e c

dekagr ams 1. dec agr amsdekamet er s 1. decamet er sd e n i e r s 1. 111111 x 1 0 - 7 k i l ogr a m md i g i t s 1. 9050. 06250. 333330. 750. 250. 083333

c e n t i me t e r sf e e thandsi n c h e spal msspans

d i s i n t e g r a t i o n s / s e c 1.2. 703x 10 1 1 becquere l sc u r i e s

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36 ENGINEERING UNIT UNVEHaiui\zMUL TI PL Y B Y T O OBT I Ndo o r s 1.0 x 1 0 2 6 square f e e tdouzi emes 0. 020833 b ar l ey c or n s

0. 017639 c e nt i met er s5. 7870x 10 4 f e e t0. 0069444 i nc hes0. 083333 l i n e sdozens 0. 08333 gross12. u n i t sdr ams a v o i r ) 8. 8592 c a r a t s177. 1845 cen t i g r ams0. 45573 dr ams t r o y )27. 344 g r a i n s1. 771845 g r ams0. 0625 ounces a v o i r )0. 056966 ounces t r o y )1. 1393 pe n ny we i g h t s0. 0039063 pounds a v o i r )0. 0047472 pounds t r o y )1. 3672 s c r upl es

0. 06075 t on s ( as s ay )dr ams t r o y ) 19. 440 c a r a t s388. 79 cen t i g r ams2. 1943 dr ams a v o i r )60. g r a i n s3. 8879 g r ams0. 13714 ounces a v o i r )0. 125 ounces t r o y )2.5 pe n ny we i g h t s0. 0085714 pounds a v o i r )0. 0104167 pounds t r o y )3. s c r upl es0. 1333 t on s ( as s ay )dr ams ( U. S. . l i q u i d ) 3. 6967 c ub i c c en t i met er s1. 3055x 1 0 4 c ub i c f e e t0. 225586 c ub i c i nc hes9. 7656 x 10- 4 g a l l o n s ( U. S. , l i q u i d )

0. 03125 g i l l s0. 0036967 l i t r s3. 6967 m i l l i l i t r s60. m n i ms0. 125 ounces ( U. S. . l i q u i d )0. 0078125 p i n t s ( U. S. , l i q u i d )0. 00390625 quar t s ( U. S. , l i q u i d )

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ENGINEERING UNIT CONVERSIONS 37MUL T I P L Y B Y T O OB T I Nd r ams / o u nc e(U.S. l i q u i d ) 13.672 g r ai ns / ounc e (U.S.. l i q u i d )

59.913 k i l o g r ams / m 38. ounc es / g al l on (U.S., l i q u i d )0.034632 ounces (U.S., l i q u i d ) / i n 32. o un c es / q ua r t (U.S., l i q u i d )3.7403 p ound s / f t 30.0021645 p ounds / i n 3

dynes 1.0 x1 0 4 c r i n a l s0.015737 g r a i n s0.0010197 g r ams f o r c e )1.0 x1 0 5 j ou l e s / m1.0197 x1 0

6

k i l o g r ams f o r c e )1.0 x 1 0 5 newt on s2.2481 x1 0 6 p o u nd s7.233 x1 0 5 p o un da l s1.0 x1 0 ~ 8 s t h enes1.0036 x1 0 ~ 9 t ons l o n g )1.12405 x1 0 ~ 9 t ons s h o r t )

dynes /c m 1. e r g s / c m0.01 e r g s / mm22.5901 m i l l i g r a m w t / i n0.10197 m i l l i g r a m wt/mm

d y n e s / c m 2 9 8692 x ur a t mos p h e r e sy n e s / c m 21.0 x1 0 6 b a r s7 500 x1 0 5 c ent i me t e r s Hg a t 0C0.0010197 g r a ms / c m22.953 x1 0 ~ 5 i nc hes Hg a t 32F1.0197 x1 0 6 k i l o g r ams / c m0.010197 k i l o g r a ms / m 1.0197 x1 0 ~ 8 k i l o g r a ms / mm22.3206 x1 0 4 ounc es / i n 20.1 p as c al s0.0020885 p ound s / f t 21 4504 x1 0 5 p ounds / i n 21.0443 x1 0 ^ 6 t ons s h o r t ) / f t 27.2519 x 1 0 9 t ons s h o r t ) / i n 2

d y ne s / c m3 0.00101972 g r ams f o r c e ) / c m d y ne s / c m35 894 x1 0 4 ounc es / i n 33 684 x 1 0 - 5 p ounds / i n 30.0011853 p ounda l s / i n 3

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38 ENGINEERING UNIT ONVERSIONSMUL T I P L Y B Y T O OB T A I Nd yne - c m 9 478x l O 1 1 Bt u9. 869 x 1 0 ~7 cu b i c c ent i met er - a t m

3. 485 x K T 1 1 cu b i c f o o t - a t m1 . er g s7. 3756 x 1 0 8 f o o t - l b f2. 3730 x 1 0 6 f o o t - p o u nda l s2. 389 x 1 0 8 g r a m- c a l0. 0010197 g r a m- c m3. 725 x 1 0 1 4 h o r s e po wer - h r ( U. S. )8. 8511 x l t r i n c h - l b f1. 0 x 1 0 7 j o u l e s2. 3889 x 1 0 1 1 k i l o g r a m- c a l1. 01972 x 1 0 ~8 k i l o g r a m- m2. 7778 x 1 0 ~1 4 k i l o w a t t - h r9. 869 x 1 0 1 0 l i t e r - a t m1. 0 x 1 0 6 meg a l e r g s1.0 x 10 7 ne wt o n - m2. 7778 x 1 0 1 1 w a t t - h r

dyne- cm/ s ec 5. 683 x 1 0 9 Bt u / m n9. 4709 x 1 0 1 1 Bt u / s e c1 . er g s / s ec2. 655 x 1 0 ~4 f o o t - l b f / h r4. 4254 x 1 0 6 f o o t - l b f / mi n7. 3756 x 1 0 8 f o o t - l b f / s e c0. 001020 g r a m- cm/ s ec1. 3596 x 1 0 ~1 0 h o r s ep o wer me t r i c )1. 3412 x 1 0 1 0 h o r s ep o wer ( U. S. )1.0 x 1 0 7 j o u l es / s ec1. 4333 x 1 0 - 9 k i l o g r a m- c a l / m n2. 3888 x 1 0 1 1 k i l o gr a m- ca l / s ec1. 020 x 1 0 8 k i l o g r a m- m/ s e c1.0 x 1 0 1 0 k i l o w a t t s6. 6845 x 1 0 5 l u me ns1.0 x 1 0 7 wa t t s

dy ne- s ec / c m 100. c e n t i p o i s e s1 . g r a ms / c m- s ec0. 010197 k i l o g r a ms ( f o r ce) - s ec / m360. k i l o g r a ms / m- h r1 . p o i s es241. 930. 0672040. 0020891. 450 x 1 0 ~5241. 930. 067204

p o u n d s ( ma s s ) / f t - h rp o u n d s ( ma s s ) / f t - s ecp o u nd- s e c / f t 2p o u nd- s ec / i n 2p o u n d a l - h r / f t 2p o u nda l - s ec / f t 2

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ENGINEERING UNIT ONVERSIONS 39

MUL T I P L Y B Y T O OB T I Ne di s o ns 100. ampe r e se l e c t r o n i c c h a r g e s 1. 602 x 1 0 2 0 a b c o u l o mb s

4. 4506 x 1 0 2 3 a mpe r e - h r1. 6022 x 1 0 ~1 9 c o u l o mb s1. 3321 x 1 0 ~1 3 e l e c t r o s t a t i c f t - l b f - s e c4. 774 x 1 0 - 1 0 e l e c t r o s t a t i c u n i t s1. 660 x 1 0 ~2 4 f ar ad ay s4. 803 x 1 0 ~ 1 0 s t at c o ul o mbs

e l e c t r o n v o l t s 1. 074 x 1 0 ~9 a mu n u c l e a r )1 .0 x 10 9 BeV1. 517 x 1 0 2 2 B t u3. 8293 x 1 0 2 0 c a l o r i e s ( t h e r mo )1. 6022 x 1 0 ~1 2 e r g s1. 1817 x 1 0 ~1 9 f o o t - l b f1. 0 x 1 0 1 2 Ge V1. 60219 x 1 0 ~1 9 j o u l e s1. 783 x 1 0 - 3 6 k i l o gr ams n u c l e a r )4. 45 x 1 0 2 6 k i l o w a t t - h r1 .0 x 10 6 Me V

e l e c t r o s t a t i c f t - l b f - s e c 1. 1952 x 1 0 - 7 a b c o u l o mb s3. 320 x 1 0 1 0 amp e r e - h r1. 1952 x 1 0 ~6 c o u l o mb s7. 5071 x 1 0 1 2 e l e c t r o n i c c h a r g e s1. 2386 x 1 0 f ar ad ay s3583. 2 s t a t c o u l o mbs

e l e c t r o s t a t i c u n i t s ( e s u) 3. 336 x 1 0 6 c o u l o mb sl e c t r o s t a t i c u n i t s ( e s u)1. 0 s t a t c o u l o mbs

e l l s 0. 03125 b o l t s3. 75 f e e t45. i n che s1. 143 me t e r s20. 0 n a i l s c l o t h )5. q u a r t e r s c l o t h )0. 0104167 s k ei ns1. 25 y a r d s

e ms p i c a ) 1 . bo u gi e d e c i mal e s0. 42175 c e nt i me t e r s0. 013837 f e e t0. 166044 i n che s4. 2175 mi l l i me t e r s166. 044 m i l s1 2 . p o i n t s


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MUL T I P L Y BY T O O B T A I NE n g l i s h s p er m c a nd l es 1 . c a nd l es ( i n t l )0. 104167 c a r c e l u n i t s

1. 11111 h ef n er u n i t s1 . l u me ns / s t e r a d1 . pe nt a n e c a n dl es

e rgs 9. 478x 10 1 1 Bt u2. 39 x 10 8 c a l o r i e s9. 869 x 10~7 c ub i c c en t i met er - a t m3. 485x 10 1 1 c ub i c f o o t - a t m1 . d y n e - c m6. 2415x 101 1 e l e c t r o n v o l t s7. 376x 10- 8 f o o t l b f2. 373x 10~6 f o o t - po un d a l s2. 389x 10 8 g r a m- c a l0. 0010197 g r a m- c m1 . g r a m- c m2/ s ec 23. 725x 10~1 4 h o r s e po wer - h r ( U. S. )1.0 x 10 7 j o u l e s2. 3889x 1 0 ~u k i l o g r a m c a l1. 01972x 10 8 k i l o g r a m- m2. 778x 10 1 4 k i l o w a t t h r9. 869x 10 1 0 l i t e r a t m1.0 x 10 6 me g a l e r g s6. 2415 x 106 MeV9. 997x 10~8 wa t t - s

e r g s / c m2 1 . d y n e s / c m0. 01 e r g s / mm22. 5901 mi l l i g r a m w t / i n1.0 xl O 3 j o u l e s / m0. 10197 mi l l i g r a m wt / mm

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isu uszznnsu uNIT ONVERSIONS 11MUL TI PL Y B Y T O OBT I Ner gs / sec 5. 691 x 1CT9 Bt u / mi n9. 4845 x 1 0 1 1 Bt u/ s e c

1 . dyne- cm/ s ec2. 6549 x 1CT4 f o o t l b f / h r4. 4254 x 1 0 6 f o o t l b f / mi n7. 3756 x 1 0 8 f o o t l b f / s e c0. 001020 gr am- cm/ s ec1. 3596 x 1 0 1 0 hor s epower ( met r i c )1. 3412 x 1 0 ~1 0 hor s epower ( U. S. )1.0 x 10 7 j oul es / s ec1. 4333 x 1 0~9 k i l o g r a m c a l / mi n2. 3888 x 1 0 1 1 k i l ogr am- c al / s ec1. 020 x 1 0 8 k i l og r am- m/ s e c1.0 x 10 1 0 k i l o wa t t s6. 6845 x 1 0~5 l umens1.0 x 10 7 wat t s

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f e e t 2 ( s e e s q u ar e f e e t )f e e t 3 ( s ee c u b i c f e e t )

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44 NGIN RING UNIT G O i v v J s n o i ^ v oMUL T I P L Y B Y T O OB T I Nf e e t / h r 0. 0084667 c e n t i me t e r s / s e c0. 016667 f e e t / mi n

2. 77778 x 1 0 4 f e e t / s e c3. 0480 x 1 0 4 k i l o me t e r s / h r1. 6447 x 1 0 4 k n o t s0. 00508 me t e r s / mi n8. 4667 x 1 0 5 me t e r s / s e c1. 8939 x 1 0 5 mi l e s / h r3. 16 x 1 0 6 mi l e s / mi n

f e e t / mi n 0. 508 c e n t i me t e r s / s e c60. f e e t / h r0. 016667 f e e t / s e c0. 01829 k i l o me t e r s / h r3. 048 x 1 0 ~4 k i l o me t e r s / mi n0. 0098682 k n o t s0. 3048 me t e r s / mi n0. 00508 me t e r s / s e c0. 011364 mi l e s / h r1. 8934 x 1 0 4 mi l e s / mi n

f e e t o f H2 0 at 39. 2F 2. 98898 k i l o p a s c a l sf e e t o f H2 0 a t 68F 0. 02945 a t mo s p he r e s0. 02984 b a r s

0. 8811 i n c h e s Hg a t 0 C)0. 03042 k i l o g r a ms f o r c e ) / c m 22. 984 k i l o p a s c a l s62. 32 p o u n d s / f t 20. 4328 p o u n d s / i n 2

f e e t / s e c 30. 480 c e n t i me t e r s / s e ce e t / s e c 3600. f e e t / h r60. f e e t / mi n1. 0973 k i l o me t e r s / h r0. 018289 k i l o me t e r s / mi n0. 5921 k n o t s18. 29 me t e r s / mi n0. 3048 me t e r s / s e c0. 6818 mi l e s / h r0. 011364 mi l e s / mi n

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ENGINEERING UNIT ONVERSIONS 45MUL T I P L Y B Y T O OB T I Nf e e t / s e c 2 1 . c e l o s

30. 480 c e n t i me t e r s / s e c 20. 0310810 g' s g r a v i t y )12. i n c h e s / s e c 21. 09728 k i l o me t e r s / h r - s e c0. 3048000 me t e r s / s e c 240. 9090 mi l e s / h r - mi n0. 6818 mi l e s / h r - s e c

f e mt o me t e r ( s ee f e r mi )f e r mi s 1.0 x 10 5 a n gs t r o ms

3. 28084 x 1 0 ~1 5 f e e t3. 9370 x l O 1 4 i n c he s1.0 x 1 0 1 5 me t e r s1 . y u k a w a s

f e r r a d o s 7. 716 s q ua r e f e e t0. 7168 s q ua r e me t e r s1 . s q ua r e v ar a s

f i r k i n s 0. 28571 b a r r e l s ( 31. 5 U. S. ga l l o ns )1. 2031 c ub i c f e e t2079. 0 c ub i c i n c he s0. 034069 c ub i c me t e r s0. 044560 c ub i c ya r d s9216. d r a ms9. g a l l o n s ( U. S. , l i q u i d )288. g i l l s0. 14286 h o g s h e a d s34. 069 l i t r s1152. o u n c e s ( U. S. , l i q u i d )72 . p i n t s ( U. S. , l i q u i d )36. q ua r t s ( U. S. , l i q u i d )

f i s s i o n s 200 Me V t o t a l )8.9 x 10 1 8 k i l o w a t t - h r t o t a l )

f o o t - c an dl e s 0. 0010764 l u me n s / c m21 . l ume n s / f t 20. 0069444 l u me n s / i n 210. 764 l u me n s / m210. 764 l u x10. 764 me t e r - c a n dl e s1. 0764 mi l l i p h o t s10, 764. n o x0. 0010764 p ho t s

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11 ENGINEERING UNIT ONVERSIONS

MUL T I P L Y B Y T O OB T I Nf o o t - g r a i n s 1937. 1 e r g s

1. 4286 x 1 0 4 f o o t - l b f1. 9757 g r a m- c m1. 937 x 1 0 4 j o u l e s

f o o t - g r a i n s / s e c 1. 937 x 1 0 4 wat t sf o o t - k i p s 1. 356 k i l o n e wt o n - mf o o t - l a mb e r t s 10. 764 a p o s t i l b s

0 . 31831 c a n d l e s / f t 20 . 0022105 c a n d l e s / i n 23. 4263 c an d l e s / m0 . 0 01076 l amb e r t s1. 0764 mi l l i l a mb e r t s3. 426 x 1 0 4 s t i l b s

f o o t - l b f 0 . 001285 Bt u13. 381 cu b i c c e n t i me t e r - at m4. 7254 x 1 0 4 cu b i c f o o t - at m1. 3558 x 10 7 d yn e - c m8. 4623 x 1 0 1 8 e l e c t r o n v o l t s1. 3558 x 10 7 e r g s32. 174 f o o t - p o u ndal s0. 32389 g r am- c al13, 825. 5 g r a m- c m5. 1206 x 1 0 7 ho r s e p o we r - h r me t r i c )5. 0505 x 1 0 7 ho r s e p o we r - h r ( U. S. )12. i n c h - l b f1. 355818 j o u l e s3. 239 x 1 0 4 k i l o c a l o r i e3. 2389 x 1 0 4 k i l o g r a m- c a l0. 138255 k i l o g r a m- m3. 7662 x 1 0 ~ 7 k i l o w a t t - h r0 . 013381 l i t e r - a t m13. 558 me g al e r g s1. 3558 n e wt o n - m3. 7662 x 1 0 4 w a t t - h r1. 356 wat t - s e c

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3. 76616 dy ne - c m/ s e c3. 76616 er gs / s e c0. 016667 f o o t l b f / mi n2. 7778 x 10 4 f o o t l b f / s e c3. 8409 g r am- c m/ s ec5. 1212 x 1 0 7 h o r s e powe r ( me t r i c )5. 05 x 1 0 7 h o r s e powe r ( U. S. )3. 76616 x 1 0 ~4 j oul es / s ec5. 3981 x 10~6 k i l o g r a m c a l / mi n8. 9970 x 1 0 8 k i l o g r a m c a l / sec3. 8409 x 1 0 5 k i l o gr am- m/ s e c3. 76616 x 1 0 7 k i l o w a t t s0. 25175 l u me n s3. 76616 x 1 0 4 wat t s

f o o t l b f / i n 53. 37866 newt on m mf o o t l b f / i n 2 2. 101 x 103 j o u l e s / m2f o o t l b f / l b m 2. 98907 j o u l e s / k gf oot l bf / l bmR 5. 3803 j o u l e s / k g- Kf o o t l b f / mi n 0. 0012841 Bt u / mi n

2. 1402 x 10 5 Bt u / s e c225, 970. dy ne - c m/ s e c225, 970. er gs / s e c60. f o o t l b f / h r0. 016667 f o o t l b f / s e c230. 43 g r am- c m/ s e c3. 072 x 1 0 ^5 h o r s e p owe r ( me t r i c )3. 030 x 1 0 5 h o r s e p owe r ( U. S. )0. 022597 j oul es / s ec3. 2389 x 1 0 4 k i l o gr am- c a l / mi n5. 3980 x 1 0 6 k i l o g r am- c al / s e c0. 0023043 k i l o gr am- m/ s e c2. 2597 x 1 0 5 k i l o w a t t s15. 104 l u me n s0. 02259697 wat t s

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4 s NGIN RING UNIT G i ^v vasvJx^i^MUL T I P L Y B Y T O OB T I Nf o o t - l b f / s e c 4. 6227 Bt u / h r

0. 077045 Bt u / mi n0. 0012841 Bt u / s ec1. 355818 x 1 0 7 dy ne - c m/ s e c1. 355818 x 1 0 7 e r g s / s ec3600. f o o t - l b f / h r60. f o o t - l b f / mi n13, 826. g r am- c m/ s e c0. 0018434 ho r s e powe r me t r i c )0. 0018182 ho r s e powe r ( U. S. )1. 355818 j ou l es / sec0. 019433 k i l o g r a m- c a l / mi n3. 2388 x 1 0 4 k i l o g r am- c al / s ec0. 13826 k i l o g r am- m/ s ec0. 001355818 k i l o wa t t s906. 272 l u me n s1. 355818 wat t s

f o ot - po undal s 3. 994 x 1 0 5 Bt u0. 4159 c ub i c c e nt i me t e r - at m1. 469 x 1 0 ~5 c ub i c f o o t - a t m421, 401. dy ne - c m421, 401. e r g s0. 031081 f o o t - l b f0. 010067 g r am- c a l429. 7 g r am- c m1. 570 x 1 0 8 h o r s e po we r - h r ( U. S. )0. 04214011 j o u l e s1. 007 x 1 0 ~5 k i l o g r a m- c a l0. 004297 k i l o g r am- m1. 171 x 1 0 8 k i l o w a t t - h r4. 1589 x 1 0 4 l i t e r - a t m0. 42141 me g al e r g s1. 170 x 1 0 5 w a t t - h r

f o r t n i g h t s 14. days2. weeksf u r l o n g s 10. c h ai ns ( Gu nt e r ' s o r s ur veyo r ' s )6. 6 c h ai n s ( Ra ms d e n ' s o r eng i neer ' s )660. f e e t

0. 201168 k i l o me t e r s1000. l i n k s ( Gu nt e r ' s o r su r ve yo r ' s )660. l i n k s ( Ra ms d e n ' s o r e ng i neer ' s )201. 168 me t e r s0. 125 mi l e s264. paces40. r o ds a l s o p er c h e s o r p ol es )220. yar ds



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NUIN INU UNIT ONVERSIONS 49MUL T I P L Y B Y T O OB T A I Ng' s a c c e l . d ue t o g r a v i t y ) 980. 665 c en t i met er s/ s ec 2

32. 174 f e e t / s e c 2980. 665 g a l i l e o s386. 089 i n c h es / s ec 235. 3039 k i l omet er s / h r - s ec9. 80665 met e r s / s ec 21316. 21 mi l es / h r - mi n21. 9369 mi l es / h r - s ec32. 174 p o u n d ma s s ) - f t / l b f - s e c 2

g a l i l e o s ( l ' ga l s ) 1 . c en t i met er s / s ec 2g a l i l e o s ( l ' ga l s )0. 03281 f e e t / s e c 20. 0010197 g g r a v i t y )0. 036 k i l omet er s / h r - s ec0. 01 met e r s / s ec 21. 3422 mi l es / h r - mi n0. 02237 mi l es / h r - s ec

g a l l o n s I mp e r i a l ) 4546. c ub i c c en t i met er s0. 16054 c ub i c f e e t4. 546 x 10 3 c ub i c me t e r s5. 946 x 10 3 c ub i c y a r ds1. 20094 g a l l o n s ( U. S. , l i q u i d )4. 546 l i t r s

g a l l o n s ( U. S. , d r y ) 0. 125 b us h e l s4405. c ub i c c e n t i met er s0. 15556 c ub i c f e e t268. 80 c u b i c i n c hes4. 404884 x 1 0 ~ 3 c ub i c me t e r s0. 00576 c ub i c y a r ds1. 16365 g a l l o n s ( U. S. , l i q u i d )4. 4049 l i t r s0. 5 p e c k s9 309 p i n t s ( U. S. , l i q u i d )4. q u a r t s ( U. S. , d r y )4. 6546 q u a r t s ( U. S. , l i q u i d )

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50 NGIN RING UNIT ONVERSIONS

MUL T I P L Y B Y T O OB T I Ng a l l o n s (U.S.. l i q u i d ) 3.0689 x 1 0 6

0.0317460.02380953785.40.13368231.0.0037854120.0049511024.0.1111110.83270.85936732.0.0158733.78543785.461,440.128.8.3.43754.

a c r e - f tb a r r e l s (31.5U.S. g a l l o n s )b a r r e l s (42 U.S. g a l l o n s )c u b i c c e n t i me t e r sc u b i c f e e tc u b i c i n c he sc u b i c me t e r sc u b i c y a r d sd r a msf i r k i n sg a l l o n s I mp e r i a l )g a l l o n s (U.S.. d r y )g i l l sh o g s h e a d sl i t r sm i l l i l i t r smi n i mso u n c e s (U.S., l i q u i d )p i n t s (U.S., l i q u i d )q u a r t s (U.S.. d r y )q u a r t s(U.S.. l i q u i d )

g a l l o n s o f H2O 8.345 p o u n d s o f H2Oga l l on s / a c r e - da y g a d ) 2.296 x l O - 5 g a l l o n s / f t 2 - d a yga l l on s / da y g pd ) 9 283 x 1 0 5

1.5472 x 1 0 ~ 62.6288 x 1 0 64.381264 x 1 0 80.0026291.0 x 1 0 6

c u b i c f e e t / mi nc u b i c f e e t / s e cc u b i c me t e r s / mi nc u b i c me t e r s / s e cl i t e r s / mi nmi l l i o n s o f ga l l on s / da y

g a l l o n s / d a y - f t 0.012419 c u b i c me t e r s / d ay - mg a l l o n s / d a y - f t 2 4.716 x 1 0 5

0.040745843,560.40.74581.0.04356

c e nt i me t e r s / s e cc u b i c me t e r s / d a y - m2ga l l on s / da y - a c r el i t e r s / d a y - m 2Me i n z e r u n i t smi l l i o n s o f ga l l on s / day - a c r e

ga l l on s / d a y - mi - i n 0.0926037 l i t e r s / d a y - k m- mmg a l l o n s / f t 2 40.7457 l i t e r s / m 2ga l l on s / h p- h r 1.410089 x l O - 9 c u b i c me t e r s / J

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aivui tatUNU UNIT ONVERSIONS 51MUL T I P L Y B Y T O OB T A I Ng a l l o n s / h r 0. 1337 c u b i c f e e t / h r

0. 002228 c ub i c f e e t / mi n3. 71 x 1 0 5 c u b i c f e e t / s ec6 309 x 1 0 5 c u b i c me t e r s / mi n0. 016667 g a l l o n s ( U. S. , l i q u i d / m i n2. 7778 x 1 0 - 4 g a l l o n s ( U. S. , l i q u i d / s e c0. 06309 l i t e r s / mi n0. 001052 l i t e r s / s e c

g a l l o ns / mi n 34. 286 b a r r e l s ( 42 U. S. g a l l o n s ) / d a y1. 4286 b a r r e l s ( 42 U. S. g a l l o n s / h r0. 02381 b a r r e l s ( 42 U. S. g a l l o n s ) / mi n63. 1 c u b i c c e n t i me t e r s / s e c192. 5 c u b i c f e e t / d a y8. 021 c u b i c f e e t / h r0. 1337 c u b i c f e e t / mi n0. 0022280 c u b i c f e e t / s e c0. 22712 c u b i c me t e r s / h r6. 309020 x 1 0 5 c u b i c me t e r s / s e c0. 0049512 c u b i c y a r d s / mi n1440. g a l l o ns / d a y0. 0166667 g a l l o n s ( U. S. , l i q u i d / s e c3. 7854 l i t e r s / mi n0. 06309 l i t e r s / s e c0. 11139 mi n e r ' s i n che s *8. 345 p o u n d s H2 0 / mi n

g a l l o n s / mi n - f t 0. 206988 l i t e r s / s e

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