TCAP

Spring 2014

Item Release

EOC Biology I

1100792 1 2 3 4 5 A B C D E Printed in the USA ISD11706

A student uses Benedict’s solution to test the chemistry of a food sample. If simple sugars are present, the solution will turn which color when combined with the food sample and heated?

A blue

B red

C purple

D black

TEB130247_B

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Due to a significant increase in Lyme disease found in a particular forest ecosystem, a scientist observed the interactions of organisms over a two-year period. He recorded his observations in the report below.

1. Habitat contains ticks, mice, raccoons, squirrels, and foxes. 2. Ticks carry Lyme disease but are not affected. 3. Mice are the main carriers of Lyme disease when bitten by a tick. 4. Ticks bite raccoons, squirrels, and foxes but are not infected with the disease. 5. After the clear-cutting of their habitat, the raccoons, squirrels, and foxes disappeared. 6. Lyme disease was still present in the area.

Based on the scientist’s report, what most likely caused the Lyme disease to remain in the area?

A overpopulation of mice

B migration of foxes

C decrease in food sources for raccoons

D competition among the squirrels

TEB130186_A

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Over time, differences in the frequencies of particular traits in a frog population led to the development of a new frog species. This happened when the frog population

A became geographically isolated.

B migrated over winter months.

C consumed a new food source.

D inhabited a large territory.

TEB120201_A

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. A scientist is studying what will happen to the nitrogen cycle in the following ecosystem when a large number of fish are added to the pond.

An increase in the fish population will most likely result in

A a decrease in decaying organic matter in the sediment.

B a decrease in nitrogen in the atmosphere.

C an increase in blue-green algae along the shore.

D an increase in denitrifying bacteria in the water.

TEB130180_D

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Marine biologists study the biodiversity of oceanic systems by observing a phenomenon known as upwelling. Upwelling occurs when deep ocean currents carry dissolved nutrients to the surface. These nutrient-rich waters cause an increase in phytoplankton populations. When phytoplankton die, they are decomposed by bacteria, causing a decrease in the amount of dissolved oxygen in the waters. This decrease affects other oceanic organisms. Which population is first affected by upwelling?

A decomposer

B producer

C secondary consumer

D tertiary consumer

TEB130312_B

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Two heterozygous pea plants are crossed. Which percentage of their offspring is expected to display a recessive phenotype?

A 0%

B 25%

C 50%

D 75%

TEB130202_B

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Two energy transformation processes that occur in living cells are represented.

Which statements correctly describe the two processes?

A I. Sunlight energy is converted into the chemical energy found in glucose.

II. Energy from glucose is used to produce high-energy bonds in ATP. B I. Energy from glucose is used to produce high-energy bonds in ATP.

II. Sunlight energy is converted into the chemical energy found in glucose. C I. Energy from ATP is used to produce a high-energy molecule of glucose.

II. Energy from the sun is converted into high-energy bonds in ATP. D I. Energy from the sun is converted into high-energy bonds in ATP.

II. Energy from ATP is used to produce a high-energy molecule of glucose.

TEB130112_B

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Congenital lactose intolerance is a recessive genetic disorder that causes a mutation in the gene for lactase. Without lactase, the body cannot break down lactose sugar in milk. The cause of congenital lactose intolerance is most likely due to

A an incorrect DNA sequence.

B a mistake in RNA transcription.

C tRNA matching the wrong amino acids.

D the enzyme protein folding incorrectly.

TEB130066_A

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Skimming is a fishing technique in which birds fly low and push their lower beaks through the water in an effort to catch fish. The birds that feed in this manner are called skimmers.

Some scientists suggested that pterosaurs might also be classified as skimmers. However, when scientists looked more closely at the skull and neck bones of pterosaurs, they discovered that pterosaurs did not possess the adaptations needed to be classified as skimmers. Which type of evidence did the scientists use to determine that pterosaurs could not be classified as skimmers?

A amino acid sequences

B DNA analysis

C computer models

D fossil records

TEB130187_D

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A student created the diagram to illustrate three important energy transformation processes that occur in cells.

Which process or processes involve a transformation of light energy into chemical energy?

A Process I

B Process II

C Process III

D Processes I and III

TEB130113_A

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What is the most likely outcome of an increase in the rate of sediment formation and deposition in a lake ecosystem over time?

A a shift in fish species requiring high levels of dissolved oxygen

B an increase in the amounts of floating water plants and algae

C a successional shift in the lake becoming a field or grassland

D an increase in the oxygen content of the water from additional sediments

TEB130262_C

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The diagram illustrates a process during meiosis.

Which mechanism of genetic variation is illustrated?

A crossing-over

B independent assortment

C random fertilization

D deletion mutation

TEB130305_B

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The diagram represents the energy flow in an ecosystem.

Which statement describes the flow of energy?

A Ten percent of the energy produced by the producers is transferred to the omnivores.

B Ninety percent of the energy produced by the carnivores is transferred to the herbivores.

C Fifty percent of the energy produced by the herbivores is lost to the environment.

D One hundred percent of the energy produced by the decomposers is lost to the soil.

TEB130087_A

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Leatherback sea turtles are almost always submerged in water and, therefore, have developed an anaerobic system of respiration. Although all sea turtles breathe air, these sea turtles can divert to anaerobic respiration for up to three hours. How does the anaerobic respiration of the leatherback sea turtle differ from aerobic respiration?

A Anaerobic respiration involves little or no atmospheric oxygen.

B Anaerobic respiration yields an increased amount of energy.

C Anaerobic respiration occurs in oceanic environments.

D Anaerobic respiration produces carbon dioxide and water.

TEB130179_A

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A student performs several tests on a food sample. The student concludes that the food sample contains proteins and lipids. Which results would best support the student’s conclusion?

A The proteins turned the iodine solution black, and the lipids turned the Benedict’s solution red.

B The proteins turned the Sudan III solution red, and the lipids turned the iodine solution black.

C The proteins turned the biuret solution purple, and the lipids turned the Sudan III solution red.

D The proteins turned the Benedict’s solution red, and the lipids turned the biuret solution purple.

TEB130233_C

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Purple martins fly very long distances to reach their nesting grounds in North America. The birds’ bodies perform aerobic respiration to provide them with energy. Why is aerobic respiration necessary for these birds?

A Only small amounts of oxygen are needed to expend energy.

B Only sugar is required to produce the necessary energy.

C Large amounts of carbohydrates are needed for energy storage.

D Large amounts of energy are required.

TEB130178_D

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In guinea pigs, black fur color is dominant to white fur color. In the P generation, a guinea pig with black fur is crossed with a guinea pig with white fur. From this cross, a total of 15 offspring, all with black fur, are produced. One of the guinea pigs from the F1

generation is then crossed with a guinea pig with white fur. Which percentage of the F2

generation is expected to have black fur?

A 25%

B 50%

C 75%

D 100%

TEB130201_B

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Which cell organelle is correctly matched to its function?

A vacuole – stores materials

B mitochondrion – transports materials

C Golgi apparatus – supports cell shape

D ribosome – converts energy

TEB130011_A

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The DNA in one cell of a multicellular organism is replicated incorrectly. This will cause a genetic mutation in the organism’s offspring if the error

A is repeated.

B occurs in a sex cell.

C changes the organism’s traits.

D prevents the organism from reproducing.

TEB130150_B

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A substance containing complex carbohydrates will turn dark purple or black in the presence of A Lugol’s iodine.

B biuret reagent.

C Sudan III.

D Benedict’s solution.

TEB130010_A

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A student conducted an experiment to determine under which conditions the leaves of a plant lose the greatest mass of water. Five identical plants were used and placed under different conditions. The results were recorded in the table.

The student concluded that the plant exposed to a fan had the greatest percentage of water loss. What is another acceptable conclusion for these experimental data?

A The plant under control conditions had the greatest percentage of water loss per leaf.

B The plant under light conditions had the least percentage of water loss per leaf.

C The plant under humid conditions had the least percentage of water loss per leaf.

D The plant under cold conditions had the greatest percentage of water loss per leaf.

TEB130075_C

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Which pair of trees is most closely related?

A Sabal mexicana and Prunus mexicana

B Fraxinus americana and Cornus florida

C Acer floridanum and Acer rubrum

D Juglans nigra and Salix nigra

TEB130314_C

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Bacteria are classified as prokaryotic cells because they A do not require oxygen to perform respiration.

B are unable to produce amino acids.

C lack membrane-bound nuclei.

D cannot produce their own food.

TEB130245_C

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A student conducted a controlled experiment to determine the optimal temperature for an enzyme to work effectively in a reaction.

The student repeated the experiment several times. She concluded that the optimal temperature was 37°C with a large decrease in activity after 40°C as the enzyme broke down. Which best explains

why this student’s conclusion is free from bias? A The conclusion suggests another possible experiment.

B The conclusion incorporates the opinions of the researcher.

C The conclusion involves a graph of the data collected.

D The conclusion is based on results from a controlled experiment.

TEB130074_D

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The bases from a segment of DNA are shown.

AGGTCAGGT

What is the complementary DNA strand?

A TCCAGTCCA

B AGGTCAGGT

C ACCUGAGGU

D TGGACTGGA

TEB130057_A

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The karyotype shown represents a genetic disorder.

This disorder is most likely a result of

A an extra section in an autosome.

B an extra section in a sex chromosome.

C a deletion in an autosome.

D a deletion in a sex chromosome.

TEB130028_C

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Which process is responsible for synthesizing new strands of DNA from a supply of nucleotides in the nucleus?

A replication

B translation

C respiration

D transcription

TEB130224_A

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Plant productivity in an ecosystem will increase when A oxygen is added to the leaves.

B nitrogenous compounds are added to the soil.

C oxygen is released in large quantities from the stomata.

D carbohydrates enter the plant from the air.

TEB130265_B

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Which statement describes the process of facilitated diffusion across a plasma membrane using protein channels?

A Substances move from low concentration to high concentration without the use of energy.

B Substances move from low concentration to high concentration, requiring energy.

C Substances move from high concentration to low concentration without the use of energy.

D Substances move from high concentration to low concentration, requiring energy.

TEB130082_C

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The diagram shown represents the flow of energy in an ecosystem.

The greatest amount of energy flows from the

A sun to the producers.

B producers to the consumers.

C producers to the decomposers.

D consumers to the decomposers.

TEB130145_A

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In aquatic ecosystems with high concentrations of dissolved nutrients, increases in the decomposer population ultimately decrease the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water. This change most likely results in

A increases in photosynthetic bacteria in aquatic ecosystems.

B increases in the biodiversity of aquatic ecosystems.

C decreases in the carrying capacity for primary consumers in aquatic ecosystems.

D decreases in competition between organisms in aquatic ecosystems.

TEB130213_C

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This setup involves a system of transport that does not use energy.

Larger solutes cannot pass through the membrane. Which diagram best represents the end result of the system setup?

A

B

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C

D

TEB130102_A

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A newly discovered molecule speeds up a chemical reaction in a cell without being consumed by the reaction. This molecule is most likely composed of

A monosaccharides.

B nucleotides.

C fatty acids.

D amino acids.

TEB130205_D

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An invasive strain of Phragmites australis, or common reed, has overtaken thousands of acres of wetlands in the United States. Roots of this plant release a toxin that destroys the structural protein in the roots of nearby plants. The roots collapse, causing the nearby plants to die. Which effect does this have on the wetland ecosystem?

A The common reed promotes species diversity by increasing the carrying capacity.

B Native species become endangered as the ecosystem becomes unbalanced.

C The common reed increases the stability of the ecosystem by increasing the habitat.

D Native species take on similar characteristics of the common reed to avoid predators.

TEB130255_B

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XX XX

37

The nutrients released after the bread was digested are directly used by which cell organelle?

A nucleus

B ribosome

C mitochondrion

D endoplasmic reticulum

TEB130293_C

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Chewing the bread for two minutes allowed enzymes in the student’s saliva to act on the bread. What did the enzymes do to the bread to change its flavor?

A Enzymes acted on starch to break it down into simple sugars.

B Enzymes produced lipid substrates that altered the reaction.

C Enzymes added chemical energy to the reaction.

D Enzymes caused the proteins to release more product.

TEB130292_A

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A water-conservation group is developing a smart sprinkler. This sprinkler will have sensors and software that detect the necessary light levels and moisture gradients to use in a vegetable greenhouse. The sprinkler will be programmed to turn on at night and regulate the amount of water sprayed. The intended purpose for the smart sprinkler is to

A water during the hottest daylight hours.

B preserve water and increase plant growth.

C maintain a high water content in the soil.

D prevent soil erosion and stimulate root growth.

TEB130045_B

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The diagram shown represents a process that occurs during meiosis.

This process contributes to the genetic variation in a population of organisms by

A limiting the production of new traits.

B creating more dominant alleles than recessive alleles.

C combining genetic material in new ways in offspring.

D allowing offspring to be identical to their parents.

TEB130152_C

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Scientists evaluated four new pesticides for agricultural use. Their initial test results are shown in the table.

Based on the initial results of cost to benefit, which pesticide should be chosen for further evaluation?

A Pesticide 1 because the average increase in yield is greatest

B Pesticide 2 because it stays active in the soil for months

C Pesticide 3 because the yield-to-cost ratio is greatest

D Pesticide 4 because it remains in the water for months

TEB120266_C

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Southeast Asian coral reefs have the highest levels of biodiversity among the world’s marine ecosystems. Dynamite fishing is the practice of using explosives to stun or kill large schools of fish. However, it is very destructive to the surrounding ecosystems, such as the coral reefs. What will most likely happen if the practice of dynamite fishing continues and intensifies over time?

A decrease in many species living in the coral reefs

B increase in biodiversity as the coral reefs are replaced by other habitats

C decrease in water salinity as the coral reef fragments dissolve

D increase in other marine species as more habitats become available

TEB130105_A

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The chart shows partial amino acid sequences of four organisms.

According to these sequences, which organism is least related to the other organisms?

A Organism 1

B Organism 2

C Organism 3

D Organism 4

TEB130194_D

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Glycolysis occurs in which part of a cell?

A nucleus

B cytoplasm

C cell membrane

D Golgi apparatus

TEB130033_B

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The diagram illustrates a series of cell divisions in a pig.

Cell X represents a

A red blood cell.

B neuron.

C sperm cell.

D striated muscle.

TEB130271_C

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Some characteristics of a rare lizard called a coal skink are shown.

Coal Skink Characteristics

1. color: gray or brown with two white or yellowish stripes on each side 2. habitat: wooded areas near water sources throughout the eastern United States 3. food: insects, spiders, and other invertebrates 4. reproduction: female skinks lay eggs and care for them until they hatch

Spraying agricultural pesticides near the coal skinks’ habitats increases the likelihood of their extinction by

A reducing the availability of their food.

B increasing the amount of available habitat.

C preserving their color markings for camouflage.

D preventing them from protecting their young.

TEB130144_A

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CONFIDENTIAL 165 An oceanic food pyramid is shown.

An oil-tanker accident leads to an oil slick that covers a large section of ocean water. Much of the oil floats on top of the water, while some oil sinks. The entire marine ecosystem is affected due to the producer population not being able to photosynthesize. The consumer population that loses its source of energy first is the

A phytoplankton.

B zooplankton.

C fish.

D seals.

TEB130050_B

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A biology student investigated the pH of various substances found in his classroom. The student recorded the results in the data table.

The student’s measurements were most precise for which substance?

A Substance 1

B Substance 2

C Substance 3

D Substance 4

TEB130232_D

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The graph represents a reaction before and after the addition of an enzyme.

According to the graph, the addition of the enzyme

A lowered the overall energy change in the reaction.

B decreased the amount of product produced.

C increased the potential energy of the products.

D lowered the activation energy needed to speed up the reaction.

TEB130080_D

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In dry, temperate deciduous forests, thick bark helps to limit moisture evaporation from tree trunks. The trunks of many rain forest trees are thin and smooth. Which statement best explains why most tropical rain forest trees have thin, smooth bark?

A Thin, smooth bark keeps insects from drilling holes into trees to obtain sap.

B Tropical rain forest trees do not need to save up as much water due to excessive rainfall.

C Tropical rain forest trees do not need thick bark for protection against temperature changes.

D Thin, smooth bark keeps animals from climbing up trees to eat leaves and fruit.

TEB130218_B

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Which statement best explains the interaction between DNA and RNA during protein synthesis?

A DNA travels to the ribosome where RNA translates the code into an amino acid.

B DNA carries the code to the nucleus, then RNA transcribes the code into a protein.

C DNA travels to the cytoplasm where a ribosome translates one strand for protein synthesis.

D DNA transcribes one strand of RNA in the nucleus, which travels to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

TEB130326_D

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The diagram illustrates net water movement across a selectively permeable membrane.

Which statement best explains the direction of water flow?

A There is a greater salt concentration at 1 than at 2.

B There is a greater salt concentration at 2 than at 1.

C Salt is flowing from 1 to 2.

D Salt is flowing from 2 to 1.

TEB130251_B

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During which phase of the cell cycle does the cell increase its DNA in preparation for cell division?

A anaphase

B prophase

C interphase

D metaphase

TEB130023_C

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A student team places an aquatic plant in a test tube filled with water. Team members count the number of oxygen bubbles released per minute for five minutes when a 100-watt light bulb is placed at each of several distances from the test tube. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

A the oxygen bubble release rate

B the duration of observation in each trial

C the type of aquatic plant observed

D the distance of the light bulb from the test tube

TEB130139_D

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Students are setting up an investigation to compare the mass of pepper plants grown with different types of fertilizers. Which tool or tools should be used to measure the mass of each pepper plant so that an accurate change in mass is calculated?

A different balances to compare measurements

B the same digital balance for each measurement

C spring scales that measure in microunits

D recently calibrated dial-spring scale

TEB130124_B

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A cross between a heterozygous male and a homozygous female occurs for a particular trait, Tt × tt. Which ratio represents the number of offspring with the genotype Tt to the genotype tt?

A 1 : 1

B 1 : 2

C 1 : 3

D 1 : 4

TEB130204_A

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Scientists have genetically modified sweet corn so that it produces a toxin, which kills harmful insects that attack the corn. An advantage of farmers planting modified sweet corn is

A the cross-pollination that occurs with other plant species.

B a shorter growing season for the crop.

C the introduction of different insects into the environment.

D an increase in crop yield for that season.

TEB130306_D

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