tcp ip and http
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Overview of Protocols
TCP/IP and HTTP
BSIT (Hons.), Semester-VUNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION, Bank road Campus, [email protected]
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TCP/IPTransmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol
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What is a Protocol?
• A protocol is a collection of rules and procedures for two computers to exchange information
• Protocol also defines the format of data that is being exchanged
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What is a TCP/IP?
• TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol, developed to allow cooperating computers to share resources / Information across a network
• A highly standardized protocol used widely on the Internet
• TCP/IP protocols map to a four-layer conceptual model known as the DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) model
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TCP/IP Layers:
Because TCP/IP was developed prior to the OSI 7-layer mode, it does not have 7 layers but only 4 layers…
Application
Application Presentation
Session
Transport Host-to-Host/ Transport
Network Internet
Data Link Network Interface
Physical
OSI 7-layer TCP/IP Protocol Suite
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Continue…
The layers of TCP/IP protocol suite contain relatively independent protocols that can be mixed & matched depending on the need of the system.
Application
Application SMTP, PTP, HTTP, DNS, SNMP, TELNET…Presentation
Session
TransportHost-to-Host/ Transport
SCTP, TCP, UDP
Network Internet / Network IP, ICMP, IGMP, RARP, ARP
Data Link Network Interface Ethernet, Token Ring,
Frame Relay, ATMPhysical
OSI 7-layer TCP/IP Protocol Suite
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Network Interface Layer: (Physical & Data Link)
TCP/IP does not define any specific protocol at this layer. It supports all the standards & proprietary protocols.
– Ethernet– Token Ring– Frame Relay– ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode)
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Internet / Network Layer: (Network)
At this layer, TCP/IP supports the Internetworking Protocols (IP) uses four supporting protocols:
– ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)
– RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol)
– ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)
– IGMP (Internet Group Message Protocol)
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Transport / H-H Layer: (Transport)
At Transport / Host-to-Host layer, TCP/IP is working with 3 Protocols that are responsible for delivery of a message from one device to another:
– UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
– TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
– SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol)
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Application Layer: (Application, Presentation & Session)
This layer is equivalent to the upper three layers of OSI model:
– HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol)
– FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
– SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
– DNS (Domain Name System)
– RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
– SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)
– …
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HTTPHyper Text Transfer Protocol
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HTTP?
• HTTP stands for Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
• These are the rules governing the conversation between a Web client and a Web server
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HTTP?
• HTTP uses the services of TCP
• HTTP itself is a stateless Protocol:
– Client and server establish TCP connection
– Client requests content
– Server responds with requested content
– Client and server close connection (usually)
WebserverWeb
server
HTTP request
HTTP response(content)
Webclient
(browser)
Webclient
(browser)
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Any Question?