tcs2411 software engineering1 software project management “what is happening in the project?”
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TCS2411 Software Engineering 1
Software Project Management
“What is happening in the project?”
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TCS2411 Software Engineering 2
Lecture Objectives
To discuss the various aspects of project management
To understand the tasks in software project management
To describe the project titles in the course
To describe the requirements of a project plan
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TCS2411 Software Engineering 3
Project
Definition: A group of tasks performed in a definable time period in order to meet a specific set of objectives
Project Features: likely to be unique (one-time program) have specific start and end time (life
cycle) have work scope that can be categorised
into definable tasks has a budget, require use of resources
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TCS2411 Software Engineering 4
What is involved
People — the most important element of a successful project
Product — the software to be builtProcess — the set of framework
activities and software engineering tasks to get the job done
Project — all work required to make the product a reality
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TCS2411 Software Engineering 5
A Simple Project
“Going to the movies with friends”
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TCS2411 Software Engineering 6
Management
The planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling of a company’s resources to meet the company’s objectives
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TCS2411 Software Engineering 7
Definition of Project Management
The planning, organizing, directing, and controlling of resources for a specific time period to meet a specific set of one-time objectives
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TCS2411 Software Engineering 8
Primary Objectives of Project Management
To meet specified performance... within cost... and on schedule
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TCS2411 Software Engineering 9
Project Management Activities
Establish project objectivesDefining work requirementDetermining work timingEstablishing resource availability and
requirementsEstablishing a cost baselineEvaluating and optimising the
baseline plan
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TCS2411 Software Engineering 10
Project Management Activities (Continued)
Freezing the baseline planTracking the actual costsComparing the progress and cost to
the baseline planEvaluating performanceForecasting, analysing and
recommending corrective action
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TCS2411 Software Engineering 11
Benefits of Project Management
Identification of function responsibilities to ensure that all activities are accounted for, regardless of personnel turnover
Minimizing the need for continuous reporting
Identification of time limits for schedulingIdentification of a methodology for
tradeoff analysis
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TCS2411 Software Engineering 12
Benefits of Project Management (Continued)
Measurement of accomplishment against plans
Early identification of problemsImproved estimating capabilities for
future planningKnowing when objectives cannot be
met or will be exceeded
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TCS2411 Software Engineering 13
Software Projects
• size
• delivery deadline
• budgets and costs
• application domain
• technology to be implemented
• system constraints
• user requirements
• available resources
Factors that influence the end result ...Factors that influence the end result ...
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TCS2411 Software Engineering 14
Project Management Concerns
staffing?
cost estimation?
project scheduling?
project monitoring?
other resources?
customer communication?
risk assessment?
product quality?
measurement?
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TCS2411 Software Engineering 15
Project Management Problems
Resources inadequateMeeting (“unrealistic”) deadlinesUnclear goals/directionTeam members uncommittedInsufficient planningBreakdowns in communicationsChanges in goals and resourcesConflicts between departments or
functions
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TCS2411 Software Engineering 16
Resources of A Company
MoneyManpowerEquipmentFacilitiesMaterialsInformation/technology
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TCS2411 Software Engineering 17
Obstacles in Project Management
Project complexityCustomer’s special requirementOrganizational restructuringProject risksChanges in technologyForward planning and pricing
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TCS2411 Software Engineering 18
Project Management Skills
Communication SkillsOrganizational SkillsTeam Building SkillsLeadership SkillsCoping SkillsTechnological Skills
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TCS2411 Software Engineering 19
Project Titles
Select one of the following project titles:
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TCS2411 Software Engineering 20
Project Plan
“What are you going to do in the project?”
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TCS2411 Software Engineering 21
Project Plan Elements
Project Objective & ScopeScheduleTeam OrganizationProject Standards and ProceduresDocumentation PlanQuality Assurance PlanResource Management PlanConfiguration Management Plan
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TCS2411 Software Engineering 22
Organizational Paradigms
closed paradigm—structures a team along a traditional hierarchy of authority.
Hierarchical Organization
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TCS2411 Software Engineering 23
random paradigm—structures a team loosely and depends on individual initiative of the team members
Democratic Organization
Organizational Paradigms continue
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TCS2411 Software Engineering 24
Other organizational structure
open paradigm—attempts to structure a team in a manner that achieves some of the controls associated with the closed paradigm but also much of the innovation that occurs when using the random paradigm
synchronous paradigm—relies on the natural compartment-alization of a problem and organizes team members to work on pieces of the problem with little active communication among themselves
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TCS2411 Software Engineering 25
Team Leader
Communications with LecturerCoordination of Project ActivitiesFinal say in decisions if the team is
unable to reach a decision
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TCS2411 Software Engineering 26
Programming Leader
Responsible for programming activities
Coordination of software development tasks
Knowledge of programming language and tools
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TCS2411 Software Engineering 27
Quality Manager
Responsible for quality in project work
Coordination of testing and review activities
Ensure that quality standards are adhered e.g. version control and document formats
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TCS2411 Software Engineering 28
Document Manager
Responsible for documentation activities
Coordination of document preparation tasks
Keeps ‘master copy’ of all project documents
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TCS2411 Software Engineering 29
Resource Manager
Responsible for project resourcesTreasurer - manages the costs of the
projectEnsures that resources are obtained
for project tasks e.g. computer resources
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TCS2411 Software Engineering 30
Project Standards Example
All documents must have a version number
All documents must be prepared using MS Word
All meetings must have minutesProject file name extensions,
suffixes, prefixes
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TCS2411 Software Engineering 31
Software ConfigurationComputer programs
Source code Executable code
Documents that describe the computer programs For technical staff For users
Data Within the program and external to it
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TCS2411 Software Engineering 32
Software Configuration Item
A document or an artifact that is explicitly placed under configuration control and that can be regarded as a basic unit for modification
Examples: requirement documents design document code of a module test plan
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TCS2411 Software Engineering 33
References
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