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SEA WATER DESALINATION CHEMICAL CONDITIONING OF SEA WATER

EVAPORATORS

1 - INTRODUCTION

HYDROGAL 1133 is a synergistically adjusted combination product of organo-phosphorous and polyacrylates.

HYDROGAL 1133 can be used in all types of evaporators.

HYDROGAL 1133 is particularly resistant to high temperatures.

2 - CHARACTERISTICS

. Appearance : slightly yellow clear liquid

. Specific gravity at 20°C : approx. 1.06

. pH (neat) : >12

. Solubility : any ratio

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SEA WATER DESALINATION

3 - MODE OF ACTION

In each distillation unit, the heat flux is transmitted through a tube bundle.

The exchange coefficients must be the best possible and should not decrease during operation.

Factors affecting thermal exchange are the presence of uncondensable gas (CO2) in the steam produced and the formation of scale in the tube bundle, especially in the brine heaters.

SCALE FORMATION

CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM CARBONATES FORMATION REACTIONS

Heat exchangers deposits have traditionally been associated with calcium and magnesium hardness.

Calcium and magnesium are found in sea water, in association with carbonates (CO3), bicarbonates (HCO3), sulfates (SO4) or other anions.

Under the effect of heat, the following formation reaction takes place :

(HCO3)2 Ca � CO3 Ca � + CO2 � + H2O

The CO2 formed during this reaction increases the pH which is favourable to the formation of magnesium hydroxyde.

Mg 2+ + 2 OH � Mg(OH)2

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SEA WATER DESALINATION

CALCIUM SULFATE

The solubility of this salt is virtually independent of the pH. However, the problem is more complex than for calcium carbonate, since there are three precipitation forms

Ca SO4, gypsum 2H2O CaSO4,1/2 hemihydrate H2O CaSO4 anhydrite

The dominant form of precipitate depends on the temperature and the concentration.

A general rule :

Nature of precipitate Temperature of precipitation start

Ca CO3 60 - 70°C Mg(OH)2 90°C Ca SO4 105 - 110°C

CHEMICAL CONDITIONING

There are three distinct periods in the precipitation process :

� The latency period , know as germination. HYDROGAL 1133 extends this period and delays precipitation ;

� The crystal growth period. HYDROGAL 1133 has a certain effect on the reduction of this growth.

� The precipitation equilibrium period. Under the effect of HYDROGAL 1133, this equilibrium will be much better than the level reached without an inhibitor.

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SEA WATER DESALINATION

DISPERSANT EFFECTS

HYDROGAL 1133 is adsorbed on the active sites of the first crystals which appear, thereby disturbs the growth of crystalline structure.

The precipitate which is thus produced is an amorphic variety and has a very low scale forming capacity but remains sufficiently fluidised to be eliminated with the brine bled from the system thus preventing the formation of deposits at the bottom of the evaporator.

4 - DOSAGE - OPERATION

The doses used vary between 2 and 10 ppm depending on the individual case : threshold effect.

At infinetely small doses (several ppm), HYDROGAL 1133 has the property of delaying the precipitation of insoluble salts.

Feeding of HYDROGAL 1133. should be accomplished by means of a metering pumps, featuring proportional rate control, in concentrated form or after dilution with water.

5 - HANDLING PRECAUTIONS

Avoid contact with skin, eyes, mucous membranes and open wounds.

In case of an accidental contact, flush thoroughly with plenty of water.

Wear rubber protective gloves and glasses.

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28, boulevard Camélinat - BP 75 FLUIDS and SERVICES 92233 GENNEVILLIERS Cedex (FR) Tel. : +33 (0) 1 40 85 50 50 sales.performancechemicals@cfpi.fr Fax : +33 (0) 1 47 99 26 13 http://www.cfpi.fr/perfchem

SEA WATER DESALINATION

6 - STORAGE

Keep drum closed.

Protect from freezing.

HYDROGAL 1133 is intented to be used within 24 months from the date of manufacture.

Disclaimer All recommendations for the use of our products, whether given by us in writing, verbally, or to be implied from the results of tests carried out by us, are based on the current state of our knowledge.Not withstanding any such recommendations the Buyer shall remain responsible for satisfying himself that the products as supplied by us are suitable for his intended process or purpose. Since we cannot control the application, use or processing of the products, we cannot accept responsibility therefor. The Buyer shall ensure that the intended use of the products will not infringe any third party's intellectual property rights. We warrant that our products are free from defects in accordance with and subject to our general conditions of supply.

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