teaching about oceans and human health melissa ryan, project manager ocean technology foundation
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Teaching About Oceans Teaching About Oceans and Human Healthand Human Health
Melissa Ryan, Project ManagerOcean Technology Foundation
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LinkagesLinkages
The Ocean …The Ocean …
Provides benefits and risks to Provides benefits and risks to public healthpublic health
Drives our weather systems Drives our weather systems and influences climate changeand influences climate change
Can carry diseases such as Can carry diseases such as choleracholera
Is a source of oxygen, water, Is a source of oxygen, water, and nutritious foodsand nutritious foods
Provides a source of new Provides a source of new medicines and natural medicines and natural productsproducts
Has biomedical applications Has biomedical applications
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11 in in 1010
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Intro from the World Ocean Intro from the World Ocean Observatory (W2O)Observatory (W2O)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UiODL0GZy_ohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UiODL0GZy_o
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Harmful Algal BloomsHarmful Algal Blooms
Algal blooms occur Algal blooms occur naturally and naturally and frequentlyfrequently
Not all are harmfulNot all are harmful Fresh and salt waterFresh and salt water Can contaminate Can contaminate
seafood and result in seafood and result in fish killsfish kills
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Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, numbness of the arms, legs, and numbness of the arms, legs, and mouth, and sometimes the reversal mouth, and sometimes the reversal of temperature sensation. of temperature sensation.
Rarely fatal, and gastrointestinal Rarely fatal, and gastrointestinal symptoms may last for a few days symptoms may last for a few days
Ciguatera Fish Poisoning Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP)(CFP)
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Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP)
Numbness of the lips and mouth, Numbness of the lips and mouth, nausea and vomiting, giddiness, nausea and vomiting, giddiness, drowsiness, and feverdrowsiness, and fever
WHOI
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Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP)
Vomiting, stomach cramps, diarrhea, Vomiting, stomach cramps, diarrhea, seizures, severe headaches, loss of seizures, severe headaches, loss of memory, and difficulty breathing memory, and difficulty breathing
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Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP)
Diarrhea, vomiting, and stomach pain Diarrhea, vomiting, and stomach pain No outbreaks reported in U.S. watersNo outbreaks reported in U.S. waters
NOAA
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Neurotoxic Shellfish Poisoning (NSP)
Nausea, vomiting, Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, numbness diarrhea, numbness of the arms, legs, and of the arms, legs, and mouthmouth
Symptoms similar to Symptoms similar to CFPCFP
““Red tide”Red tide”David Patterson and Bob Andersen
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Squid Has a huge axon (part of a nerve Has a huge axon (part of a nerve fiber) fiber) 1000x larger than in vertebrates 1000x larger than in vertebrates Nerve disordersNerve disorders
Marine Animals in Biomedical Marine Animals in Biomedical ModelingModeling
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Spiny DogfishSpiny Dogfish
Vision and fluid formation in the eyeVision and fluid formation in the eye
NOAA
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Horseshoe CrabHorseshoe Crab
Test for impurities in some medical Test for impurities in some medical productsproducts
NOAA
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ToadfishToadfish
Inner ear almost identical to humansInner ear almost identical to humans Balance disordersBalance disorders
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Winter FlounderWinter Flounder
how kidney cells transfer how kidney cells transfer toxins from the blood into toxins from the blood into the urine for excretionthe urine for excretion
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Sea UrchinsSea Urchins Cell Biology Cell Biology Lay an abundance of eggsLay an abundance of eggs Cell division after fertilizationCell division after fertilization Applications to fetal alcohol syndromeApplications to fetal alcohol syndrome
South Carolina Department of Natural Resources
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Examples of Marine Species Used in Biomedical ResearchExamples of Marine Species Used in Biomedical ResearchGeneral Human Health Issue
Taxon Species (Common Name) Human Medical Concern
Immunology Mollusca Conus spp. (cone snails) Blood disorders, clotting, hemophilia
Echinodermata Arbacia punctulata (sea urchin) Cell-mediated immune system responses
Tunicata Botryllus schlosseri (Golden Star Tunicate, sea squirt)
Immune systems and disorders (self/non-self recognition), AIDS/HIV transmission
Vertebrata, Fish Squalus acanthias(spiny dogfish shark)
Immune system function, evolution of antibodies, and disease resistance
Neurobiology Mollusca Loligo pealei (squid) Aplysia(marine snail)
Neurological studies, behavior Nerve impulse transmission
Arthropoda Limulus polyphemus (horseshoe crab)
Vision Neural basis of behavior
Vertebrata, Fish Opsanus tau (toadfish) Balance and equilibrium, nausea
Squalus acanthias (spiny dogfish shark)
Brain function Vision, glaucoma, cataracts
Pomacentrus partitus (bicolor damselfish)
Neurofibromatosis
Electrophorus electricus (electric eel)
Synaptic transmission (NA+ K+ ATPase)
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And some more…Cell Biology/Cancer
Mollusca Spisula solidissma (surf clam)
Cell division/cancer
Loligo pealei (squid) Cell physiology, intracellular transport, and cellular pH calcium regulation
Echinodermata Arbacia punctulata (sea urchin)
Cell division/cancer
Fertilization and development
Arthropoda Cancer irroratus (red crab)
Organic ion transport
Vertebrata, Fish
Pseudopleuronectes americanus (winter flounder)
Organic ion transport
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Physiology Arthropoda Eriocheir sinensis(Chinese mitten crab)
Cellular osmoregulation
Cancer irroratus(red crab)
Detoxification mechanisms
Carcinus maenas(green shore crab)
Kidney function
Vertebrata, Fish
Opsanus tau (toadfish) Insulin secretion and diabetes
Muscle pathologies
Squalus acanthias(spiny dogfish shark)
Cystic fibrosis Kidney and heart research
Pseudopleuronectes americanus (winter flounder)
Detoxification mechanisms
Anguilla rostrata(American eel)
Kidney function
And still more …
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Send in the Marines!Send in the Marines!
From Virginia Commonwealth From Virginia Commonwealth University’s University’s “Secrets of the Sequence” website“Secrets of the Sequence” website
Image: NASA
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Medicines from the SeaMedicines from the Sea• If a sponge is trying to prevent a coral from invading its space, it may produce a chemical to prevent the coral cells from growing and dividing
• Anti-tumor compounds
HBOI
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Deep-water sponge has anti-Deep-water sponge has anti-inflammatory compounds inflammatory compounds
Arthritis, burns, allergic reactions, or Arthritis, burns, allergic reactions, or inflammatory bowel diseaseinflammatory bowel disease
Source: Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution
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Challenges of Bioprospecting Challenges of Bioprospecting for Marine-Derived Drugsfor Marine-Derived Drugs
Technology, money, and regulationsTechnology, money, and regulations
Organism collection bioactive Organism collection bioactive chemical identified drug chemical identified drug availableavailable
How long?How long?
HBOI
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Federal InitiativesFederal InitiativesNOAA and NIEHS/NSFNOAA and NIEHS/NSF
U.S. Commission on Ocean PolicyU.S. Commission on Ocean Policy OHH Act 2004OHH Act 2004
Source: 2008 Interagency OHH Research Implementation Plan
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OHH CoursesOHH Courses
Clayton College of Natural Health, Clayton College of Natural Health, Birmingham, ALBirmingham, AL
Elective: Oceans and HealthElective: Oceans and Health
Ocean Technology Foundation and Ocean Technology Foundation and College of ExplorationCollege of Exploration
Two-week online Two-week online coursecourse for teachers: for teachers: Fall 2008 and Spring 2009 Fall 2008 and Spring 2009
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Disciplines Involved in OHHDisciplines Involved in OHH
HealthHealth Social StudiesSocial Studies PoliticsPolitics EconomicsEconomics TechnologyTechnology GeographyGeography
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OHH TextsOHH Texts
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OHH PublicationsOHH Publications
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““HABs and Humans”HABs and Humans”ActivityActivity