teaching and learning with technology computers in the classroom
TRANSCRIPT
Teaching and Learning with Technology
COMPUTERS in COMPUTERS in the the
CLASSROOMCLASSROOM
Teaching and Learning with Technology
• Hardware and software make the computing cycle possible.– Hardware: all physical
components of a computer– Software: all the programs
telling the computer how to perform its tasks
How Computers WorkHow Computers Work
Teaching and Learning with Technology
• The computing cycle consists of Input Processing Storage Output
• Each stage of the cycle has specific hardware devices associated with it
How Computers WorkHow Computers Work
Teaching and Learning with Technology
The Computing Cycle• Begins with input - data or programs
entered into the machine by the user• Input goes to the Central Processing
Unit (CPU) for processing• CPU chip directs and executes
necessary tasks • The CPU may use Random Access
Memory (RAM) to store data during processing
How Computers WorkHow Computers Work
Teaching and Learning with Technology
The Computing Cycle• Data may be placed more
permanently (stored) on a disk CD-R, or other storage device
• When processing is complete, the CPU sends the processed data (information) to an output device
• This cycle is continuous as long as the machine is on
How Computers WorkHow Computers Work
Teaching and Learning with Technology
The COMPUTING CYCLEThe COMPUTING CYCLE
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Understanding Understanding HARDWAREHARDWARE
Teaching and Learning with Technology
Understanding Understanding HARDWAREHARDWARE
Input Devices • Devices that send data or
programs into the machine
• Common devices include keyboard and mouse
• Others include track balls, joy sticks, touch pads, microphones, etc.
Teaching and Learning with Technology
Output Devices • Move processed data from
computer to user• Monitors
– display data as soft copy output
– Monitor displays vary in their clarity (resolution)
– LCD monitors offer flat, thin hardware
Understanding Understanding HARDWAREHARDWARE
Teaching and Learning with Technology
Output Devices • Printers
– Display data in hard copy output– Printer vary in resolution (clarity
of output) and speed– The most common types are laser
and ink jet
Understanding Understanding HARDWAREHARDWARE
Teaching and Learning with Technology
Understanding Understanding HARDWAREHARDWARE
Printers• Laser printers use heat
to affix toner to paper • Ink-jet printers squirt
small bubbles of ink on paper
• Most Ink-jet printers print in color and/or black
Teaching and Learning with Technology
Understanding Understanding HARDWAREHARDWARE
The CPU (Central Processing Unit)
• Controls all machine processes
• CPU performance measured in terms of information processing speed
• The higher the speed, the faster the CPU, making the computer more responsive to the user
• Speed measured in Megahertz (MHz) and Gigahertz (GHz)
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Storage• CPU can store data temporarily in
RAM or more permanently on storage devices
• Storage devices include floppy disks, hard disks, optical discs, and USB drives.
• SAVE command moves data from RAM to storage device
Understanding Understanding HARDWAREHARDWARE
Teaching and Learning with Technology
Understanding Understanding HARDWAREHARDWARE
When you SAVE,data moves fromRAM to Storage
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Random Access Memory (RAM)• Temporary storage for programs
and user input• Measured in Megabytes (Mb) or
Gigabytes (Gb)• The greater the amount of RAM,
the faster the computer can store and access data without crashing
Understanding Understanding HARDWAREHARDWARE
Teaching and Learning with Technology
Understanding Understanding HARDWAREHARDWARE
DataStorageSizes
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Read Only Memory (ROM)• Programmed chip on the
motherboard • Includes the computer’s Basic Input
Output System (BIOS) that tells the machine how to function
• BIOS is stored in ROM when the machine is built but can be upgraded
Understanding Understanding HARDWAREHARDWARE
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POST• After BIOS program is
read, Power-On Self-Test (POST ) starts
• POST checks functionality of computer’s hardware
• If any problems exist, it writes an error message on screen to inform user
Understanding Understanding HARDWAREHARDWARE
Teaching and Learning with Technology
The Operating System• After a successful POST, the
Operating System (OS) loads• The OS operates hardware,
manages operations, and provides the user interface
• Windows and Mac OS are the operating systems for PCs and Macs
Understanding SoftwareUnderstanding Software
Teaching and Learning with Technology
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
• Windows and Mac OS use GUIs• A GUI uses icons (small graphics)
to represent objects, programs, and data
• In a GUI OS, commands are issued by clicking on icons
Understanding SoftwareUnderstanding Software
Teaching and Learning with Technology
Understanding Understanding SoftwareSoftware
In a GUI O/S, to issue acommand youmove the mouse whichmoves the pointer to click on icons.
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Types of Programs• OS programs prepare the
machine to run other programs • Application programs apply the
machine to a specific task• Utility programs help maintain
the machine and its operations
Understanding SoftwareUnderstanding Software
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Application Software• Academic applications are programs
that help you teach and your students learn
• Administrative applications are programs that help teachers perform administrative tasks
• Application programs are sometimes bundled/sold with related software in an application suite
Understanding SoftwareUnderstanding Software
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• Integrated software packages are “mini” versions of applications sold as a single software package
•Software is written to run on specific machines so check machine specifications before buying software
Understanding SoftwareUnderstanding Software
Teaching and Learning with Technology
TEACHERS and TEACHERS and COMPUTERSCOMPUTERS
Why know so much about computers?
Teachers need to know enough to • Use technology appropriately• Handle minor computer problems• Help students use computers• Recognize when technical support is
needed• Use both hardware and software
effectively in their classroom