teaching methods final paper rhina arely benitez lic viii

8/13/2019 Teaching Methods Final Paper Rhina Arely Benitez LIC VIII

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S c h o o l o f A r t s a n d S c i e n c e s

2013

TEACHING METHODS

Teaching Across Ages, and Proficiency LevelsRhina Arely Bentez Diaz

TEACHING METHODS


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By: Rhina Arely Bentez Diaz

1. In a chart, using the language function "COMPLAINING" describe what and how you will develoeach of the four elements of communicative competences (grammatical, sociolinguistic, discoursstrategic) in your students. Highlight all elements per competence; for example, when dealing witthe grammatical competences, sub area: lexicon, write the most useful phrases that are used tcomplain.

Communicative competence

LanguageFunction

Complaining

Description/ Solution

Grammatical

Sub area

Phonological

Teacher, I dontunderstand thefirst activity

The main problem is that the student does not know how to performthe first activity because he/she does not have enough vocabularabout seasons and the weather, so it is difficult to understand whhe/she is going to do if there is a lack of knowledge about the topic.

The solution is that the teacher provides resources that help thstudents and all those who do not understand the activity to lear

vocabulary about the topic. This web site is very helpful to learn hoto say the different season and weather, which is what the teachrequires in classes, so the students will have a better understandinabout the topic.

http://quizlet.com/1762914/weatherseason-vocabulary-flash-card

Morphology Teacher, I dontunderstand thesimple present

The situation is that the student have problem to build sentencusing the present simple, this structure is very basic but the studehave some troubles at the time to make sentences because he/shfeels that what the teacher explains is not enough.

The solution is that beside the explanation given in the class, here asome websites to visit in order to learn about some grammaticstructure.

For kids:http://www.anglomaniacy.pl/index.html

Teens or adults: http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/vertenses_present-simple.htm

Semantics Teacher, I donot understandthe meaning ofsome words

This is a very common problem, this happens in any level, not on

with beginners but also in all levels because there are always newords, so this kind of complain has to do with the semantic area grammatical competence, in which students sometimes do nunderstand the meaning of some words, maybe some of them are nfor the level in which the students are, so the teacher has to be carefwhen using words that maybe the students find hard to understannot also the meaning of it but the usage and the function that it has a sentence.
http://quizlet.com/1762914/weatherseason-vocabulary-flash-cards/http://www.anglomaniacy.pl/index.htmlhttp://www.anglomaniacy.pl/index.htmlhttp://www.anglomaniacy.pl/index.htmlhttp://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verb-tenses_present-simple.htmhttp://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verb-tenses_present-simple.htmhttp://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verb-tenses_present-simple.htmhttp://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verb-tenses_present-simple.htmhttp://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verb-tenses_present-simple.htmhttp://www.anglomaniacy.pl/index.htmlhttp://quizlet.com/1762914/weatherseason-vocabulary-flash-cards/


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- The solution for this problem is that the teacher needs to providenough explanation, and uses clearer examples, so in this way theare going to know what some unknown words meahttp://www.vdictionary.com/

Also, the following website can help students not only to learn neword but also to improve their English since basic until Advancelevel.http://www.duolingo.com/

Discourse

Sub area

Phonetics

Teacher, Ididntunderstand, didyou say work

sheet or wordsheet?

In this case, the main problem is that student did not get what theteacher said, the pronunciation of the word Work confused thestudent, and this happened because he or she has a lack ofknowledge about Minimal pairs.

Teacher need to explain that there are words that sometimes theysound almost the same but they are not, and then practice thepronunciation of some similar words.

Here is a website where students can learn and practice minimpairs and to know what differs in words that sound almost the samhttp://www.englishclub.com/pronunciation/minimal-pairs.htm

Discourse

Sub area

Coherence

Teacher, I dontknow how tomake questionsin English

The main problem is that the student does not know how to makquestions in the right way, he/she ask questions without any senor coherence, the reason is because he/she has not develop the skto give sense to sentences and question in order to make a differebetween them at the time to speak.

The solution is that it is necessary to explain the different way to saor pronounce sentences and questions, and make the studenremember that the question mark ? plays a very important robesides the word order, and also the intonation given to the questioto emphasize it.

Watch this video to learn basic questionhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ed28acYrWF0

Sociolinguistic

Sub area

Pragmatics

Slang

Teacher, I dontget the meaningof get my ducksin a row!

The problem here is that student is lacking of knowledge abo

slangs and the use of pragmatics. The phrase means to order an

organize everything efficiently and effectively, but the student do

not use this kind of phrases too much.

-The solution would be that this student starts searching on the wethe usages of slangs, idioms, and the use of pragmatics. This lin
http://www.vdictionary.com/http://www.vdictionary.com/http://www.duolingo.com/http://www.duolingo.com/http://www.duolingo.com/http://www.englishclub.com/pronunciation/minimal-pairs.htmhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ed28acYrWF0http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ed28acYrWF0http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ed28acYrWF0http://www.englishclub.com/pronunciation/minimal-pairs.htmhttp://www.duolingo.com/http://www.vdictionary.com/


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leads the students to a Pdf document in which he or she can learsome of the most common slanhttp://www.uwplatt.edu/university/documents/international_student_handboo

slang.pdf

Sociolinguistic

Idioms,

pracmatics

Teacher, I dont

get the phrase:Blue Moon, do

I have to take it

literally?

The problem is that the student ignores the uses of idioms, this kin

of social language is use in pragmatics, and many students do nknow how to interpret them, and most of them avoid using th

because of the lack of knowledge about it.

A solution for this problem is that the teacher has to explain th

function of the idioms, and how or when use this kind of soci

language, the teacher provide this link to visit a website to learn th

meaning of some idioms, and stop complaining about it.

http://www.idiomsite.com/

Strategic

Sub area

Heuristic

Teacher, I dont

know

vocabulary

about the

weather, why it

is necessary to

be used?

The situation is that the student is complaining because the teacher

asking to use vocabulary referring to the weather in one of th

activities that they are going to perform in a class, but this studen

does not know words of that topic, so he/she is having problems

the time to do the activity.

The solution is to search on the web for some websites an

documents that contain weather vocabulary, so this will help th

students to learn more and classify climate states per season. Th

link leads to a website which contains season and weath

vocabulary, and there the student can practice some exercises.

Click on this link to learn weather vocabular

http://www.saberingles.com.ar/lists/weather.html

Sub Area

Phonetical

Teacher, I cant

pronounce

Autumn can I

say it in a

different way?

The problem is that the students cannot pronounce the word in th

right way, so he/she is looking for another way to refer to th

without losing the sense of the conversation.

Fortunately, the word fall has the same meaning as Autumn, sreplacing the word can be a good strategy when the student cann

say or pronounce a word in the right way, but it is important th

they practice the pronunciation.
http://www.uwplatt.edu/university/documents/international_student_handbook/slang.pdfhttp://www.uwplatt.edu/university/documents/international_student_handbook/slang.pdfhttp://www.uwplatt.edu/university/documents/international_student_handbook/slang.pdfhttp://www.idiomsite.com/http://www.idiomsite.com/http://www.saberingles.com.ar/lists/weather.htmlhttp://www.saberingles.com.ar/lists/weather.htmlhttp://www.saberingles.com.ar/lists/weather.htmlhttp://www.idiomsite.com/http://www.uwplatt.edu/university/documents/international_student_handbook/slang.pdfhttp://www.uwplatt.edu/university/documents/international_student_handbook/slang.pdf


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2. Explain how you are going to design a lesson plan when facing the Leaner Variable I:Teaching Across Age levels; who are the learners? Do a lesson plan for each type of learner

taking in consideration the structure of a lesson plan.

According to the pamphlet Learner Variables I: Teaching Across age levels, a key aspect of

effective teaching is to have a plan for what will happen in the classroom each day. Creating sucha plan involves setting realistic goals, deciding how to incorporate materials, and developing

activities that will promote learning. Teachers have to design a lesson plan per each class and

according to each age level, as they should know, teaching is a very complex area, so it is

necessary to be careful when designing a lesson plan. It is not the same to design a lesson plan for

children, teenagers, and adults because they have a different manner of learning, and also the

understanding of each age is very different. In the teaching area the teacher has to identify many

things for example: the topic for the lesson plan, the linguistic content, the communication task,

the learning strategies, and the goals that he or she has set when is designing the lesson plan.

TEACHING CHILDREN

The first one is how teachers are going to design a lesson plan to teach children, this is a big

challenge because it is not easy to teach people who have a lack of easy comprehension, and their

behavior sometimes is hard to control, so teachers need to be very patient and their lesson plan

have to be well-structure, and well-done, taking into account all the requirements that it involves.

Remember that when teaching children you as a teacher have to be also a child, how come?

Sometimes it is necessary that teacher behave in that way to get childrens attention, to joke, and

make them laugh; the teacher has to know that children are interested in things like games, to play

with things that they can see or touch, so things in the classroom can be very useful resources to

teach them different kind of interesting and fun topics, but also the virtual things are very

important to take into account, remember they are digital natives so their learning can be easier if

teacher provide them virtual resources to learn. One important thing is that when your purpose is

to get students attention very easy, you need to use entertaining things, if you want to teach a bit

about grammar to children you need to use coloring objects, videos that are adequate for their age,

and also choose topics that they would like to learn.

The following lesson Plan shows an example of how to prepare a class for children in which

the level, topic, goals, and activities make the difference to teaching children.


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UNIVERSIDAD CAPITAN GENERAL GERARDO BARRIOS. Usulutn

School of Arts and Sciences

LESSON PLAN

Teachers name: Rhina Arely Benitez Diaz - Date: Dec, 02nd

, 2013 Time: 45min.

Subject: English Section: A Unit: 2 Level: A 2

TOPICSTO BECOVERED FOR

THISUNIT

Seasonsand theweather.

ACTIVITY TORECALLPREVIOUSLEARNING

The round.

Make a circle andchoose studentsrandomly, one ofthe chosenstudents will sayhow is theweather byseeing somepictures. ThenAsk each student

to say the type ofweather theyknow. Thevocabulary theydont know willbe presented afterall the picturesare shown.5min

WARM UPACTIVITY

All thestudents standup and theyare going totake a paperand each ofthem repeatsthe vocabularyabout theweather whichis in the paper,they do this

with fivedifferent typesof weather.

5min

LESSONOBJECTIVES

To identify thedifferentweathervocabulary inEnglish.

To compareclimate stateson differentseasons.

LANGUAGESTRUCTURE

Simplepresent,

I like____It is____

Whquestionsandstatements

E.g. Whatdo you likeabout fall?

Is it sunnyin___?

No, it is____

ACTIVITIES FORPRODUCTION ANDPRACTICE

Students will listen to a songabout the weather in English,and then they will sing alongand learn the weather namesin a fun way.

Students will watch a videoabout the weather indifferent seasons, and thenthey will say what weatherbelongs to certain season

depending on what theywatched in the video.

Students will write down intheir notebooks how theweather in this country is,using the language structure.They say 3 different types ofweather.

TIMING

8min

10min

10min

WRAP ACTIVITY

After tfinishwriting shsentencesabout seasons aweather,students wread wthey hwrote in notebook

front of class.

7min


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TEACHING TEENS

They are not little kids, nor are they adults. They are teenagers, hurricanes of hormones and

emotions transitioning from adolescence to adulthood as fast as they can in an increasingly

malicious world. Teaching teens is of course a big challenge for the teacher because the

methodology used for teaching them is very different than teaching children or adults, due to

many reasons that teacher has to know, for example, the variation of attitudes vary, remember that

they through a very hard age, but also the designing of a lesson plan for Teenagers has to be

different than the one that is designed for children because teenagers are in a different age, and it

means that their behavior, abilities, comprehension skill, communicative skill, and capacity of

learning is higher than childrens.

A lesson plan for teens has to include things according to their age, remember that most of

them are interested in technological things, fun topics but without childish things, all those staff

that has to do with the nowadays lifestyle are good to teach . Teacher has to design a lesson planthat include those kind of things to make the students learn in a way that they feel comfortable,

using new devices to catch their attention, including relevant topics, and choose entertaining staff

in which they feel that the learning process is easy and interesting, it is necessary to take into

account that, students learn more when they do the activities. It is important to remember that

many students are in different levels but the methodology is the same for all of them, because they

are in the same age, so their behavior or way of thinking may be the same.

This lesson plan is an example of how to prepare a class for teens in which the topic have

interesting and fun content and activities in which they will feel the process something easy.During the development of the class they will start to develop some communicative competences

because there is too much speaking in the activities, also some comprehension skills will be

develop by using methods that supports the necessary skills.


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LESSON PLAN

Teachers name: Rhina Arely Benitez Diaz - Date: Dec, 02nd

, 2013 Time: 45min.

Subject: English Section: A Unit: 2 Level: A 2

TOPICSTO BECOVERED

FOR THISUNIT

Seasonsand theweather.

ACTIVITY TORECALLPREVIOUS

LEARNING

Ask for a letterof thealphabet,students willsay thealphabet untilthey reach theletter pointingat each studentper letter. Thestudent who is

pointed whenreached theletter will saya few words ofwhat theyalready knowabout theweathervocabulary.5min

WARM UPACTIVITY

InteractiveVideo.

The studentswatch avideo, abouthow is theweather indifferentcountriesaround theworld, and

then they willmention theweather ineach countrytheywatched, andshare ideas ofwhat theythink aboutit. 5min

LESSONOBJECTIVES

To mentionthedifferences inthe climatestates of thecountriesaround theworld.

To analyzewhy theweather is

differentaccording toseasons.

LANGUAGESTRUCTURE

Simplepresent,

I like____It is____

Wh questionsandstatements

E.g. What doyou like about

fall?

Is it sunnyin___?

No, it is____

ACTIVITIES FOR PRODUCTIONAND PRACTICE

They will share ideas of what theyknow about Seasons and theweather. Then Students will watchslides about the different seasonsduring the year in differentcountries, and after they willdiscuss about the differencesbetween their ideas and theslides.10min

Students will watch a video aboutthe weather, and talk about which

climate state they like and whichthey do not like.5min

Writing exercise. Students willwrite sentences about the weatherin different countries that wereshown in the video. They will makea poster with drawings and colorswith the weather corresponding tothe right season.10min

WRAP UPACTIVITY

Students wilread what theywrote abouweather, andpresent theposter with theseasons andthecorrespondingclimate statethen share iwith thei

classmates.After, thestudents wilvote for whichseason theylike the most10min


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TEACHING ADULTS

When teaching adults, teacher has advantages and also disadvantages; one of the

advantages is that it is easier to catch their attention because they have a certain level of maturity,so when teacher is explaining something in the class, they are concentrated in what the teacher is

saying; one of the disadvantages of teaching adults is that when they are beginners it is a little bit

difficult that they develop some skills like pronunciation, many adults mispronunciate some

words, so the teacher has the challenge to correct those pronunciation mistakes, also something

that is hard for them is to get American accent, at the difference of children and teens that they get

a better accent, adults find a little bit difficult to have an authentic accent.

. Teacher needs to be prepared for diversity of cultural background, age, previous formal

education, and previous exposure to English, life experiences, and current life situations. It is important to be comfortable with the subject matter that is being taught, and teacher has to

communicate enthusiasm for the subject matter and the role as a teacher, and that enthusiasm has

to be reflected in the preparation of the class taking into account the age of the students, in this

case are adults.

The following lesson plan shows how the class is prepared when teaching adults, the

resources, the content and the activities are different because the way of learning is also different.

This lesson plan contain a basic topic, and the activities are for the age of the students, it does not

contain childish content, nor games, but it include activities in which they feel comfortable to learn

in serious way, it is important to be focus on what to teach to this big students


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LESSON PLAN

Teachers name: Rhina Arely Benitez Diaz - Date: Dec. 02nd

, 2013 Time: 45min.

Subject: English Section: A Unit: 2 Level: A2

TOPICSTO BECOVERED FORTHISUNIT

easonsnd the

weather.

ACTIVITY TORECALLPREVIOUSLEARNING

Teacherpresents awork sheetwith weathervocabularyand otherdifferentwords,studentswould have tofind and circlethe vocabularyof the weather,

and thenclassify themin theircorrespondingseason.

5min

WARM UPACTIVITY

Conversation.The studentswork in pairsand establish aconversationtalking aboutthe weather inthis country.Then they willdebate withthe otherstudents andclassify andbest and worst

climate states.

5min

LESSONOBJECTIVES

To learn thevocabularyused tomention eachseason andthe weather.

To use theweathervocabulary inthe daily life.

LANGUAGESTRUCTURE

Simplepresent,

I like____It is____

Wh questionsandstatements

E.g. What doyou likeabout fall?

Is it sunnyin___?

No, it is____

ACTIVITIES FOR PRODUCTIONAND PRACTICE

Students will make mimes; they willchoose a paper containing a climatestate word and mime it. They cannotspeak; only using body language andthe rest of the class will try to guesswhich type of weather they aremiming.

Students will present pictures, andthen in their notebooks, they will writedown the name of the seasons and theweather they saw, in the end they willcompare their answer with theirclassmates.

Students choose a specific Season andweather from a vocabulary bank andask each other questions using thelanguage structure, that are related toseasons and the weather they chose :What do you like about___? Is it ___ inyour city?

Students create a word map with thedifferent seasons and theircorresponding weather.

TIMING

5min

10min

5min

5min

WRAPACTIV

SpeakPracticEachstudenwill satheseasonthe and hotheweatheachseasonStuden

will chwhatseasonweaththeirfavoritsayingreason10min


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3. Explain how are you going to deal if you have class with the Variable II Teaching AcrossProficiency levels.

Teaching is a very complex area in which teachers have a big challenge in every classbecause they have to face with different kind of situations in which they have to be very

careful. It is well-known that in order to teach teachers have to know that have to design aplan for each age, and also for each level and sometimes this is complicated because in theclassroom the teacher can find a variety of levels, and the preparation of the class has to bedifferent, taking into account what is needed to teach depending on the level.

Teaching beginning level

This level is the most challenging of language teaching, because it is more difficult to treat with

people who do not know anything about the target language. In this level, grammar translation

method is very used because beginners do not understand full English, and it is not correct that the

teacher pretends to speak as if they are advanced; teacher has to mix both languages, Spanish andEnglish.

One of the most important things is that the teacher has to explain as many times as the students

need until they understand what is pretending to be taught, so teachers have to be patient with

them, and make repetitions until students get the word, phrase, or sentence. Teachers have to

prepare interesting and fun classes as well in order to the students feel that they can learn in a

good way. You have to go slowly with beginners because they are expecting to learn in an easier

way, and it is not good to try to push them because they would feel frustrated, so the class has to

be understandable, fun, and with a fresh environment in which students feel like there are at

home, so the learning process would be interesting for them.

For beginners is of course necessary that teachers teach only basic topics, to get teach the most

common words used in English like words t introduce themselves, greetings, days of the week,

seasons, the alphabet and things like that, the language has to be authentic. Fluency is something

that is developing through the time and practice that is why teacher as to provide resources and

help them to practice the vocabulary they learn in each class. Feedbacks are necessary because in

this way they refresh what they learn in the previous classes. The techniques that are used in this

level are simple but entertaining, it is not necessary to push the students, and do not assign them

too much task, instead of that it is better to ask them to perform activities, so they will learn bydoing which is the best way.

Teaching intermediate levels

Teaching intermediate levels is different from teaching beginning levels because at this level

students have a better understanding of the target language and they have already developed

some skills, so what they need is to learn more and improve the skills that they have develop. For

teachers could be better because intermediate classes are more interactive, teachers and students


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interact each other but there are always questions in students mind, it does not mind that teacher

will not answer but beside the explanation that you as a teacher give, students look for their own

resources.

They have already learned many different things, and have cross the line from being beginners to

go to a new level in which the language is more penetrated in their brain, so the step to go to an

advanced level is short. Their skills a better developed at this level. The methodology that is usedis different and more extensive. At this level, the native language has not to be allowed in the

classroom, so as the teacher you have to avoid speaking Spanish, and when they use Spanish make

them to ask questions and say comments only using the target language, which is English.

Teaching advanced levels

Due to students are in this level, they can understand better, because their skills are better

developed, so they can keep a long conversation without making too much mistakes. Deal with

students at this level is sometimes an easy task because they have a better understanding of the

language, but the activities to develop in the classroom are more complex due to the level, itrequires having more analytical task than to be playing in the classroom. Advanced students are

more focused on learning more than structures and vocabulary, so it is also a challenge for the

teacher to prepare a good class, in order that these advanced students can learn something new.

It is important to take into account the experiences that these students already have, but it does not

mean that your students know more than you just because they are in an advanced level, so as a

teacher you have to take your place and do the best to help those students to improve in any area

that they are lacking of knowledge. This not completely easy but, in comparison to beginners, it is

kind of easier to teach in an advanced level that teaching to beginners.


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4. Choose digital resources you will include and describe how it will help students learnEnglish according to your lesson plans.

This page will help the student to learn vocabulary referring to the season and the weather,

including the pronunciation and translation.http://quizlet.com/1762914/weatherseason-vocabulary-flash-cards/

- This page if for children, in which they can learn some about grammar, they can practicetaking the test that the website provides.http://www.anglomaniacy.pl/index.html

- A very useful digital resource in which students can learn more, and also improve theirEnglish since basic to an advance level.http://www.duolingo.com/
http://quizlet.com/1762914/weatherseason-vocabulary-flash-cards/http://quizlet.com/1762914/weatherseason-vocabulary-flash-cards/http://www.anglomaniacy.pl/index.htmlhttp://www.duolingo.com/http://www.duolingo.com/http://www.duolingo.com/http://www.anglomaniacy.pl/index.htmlhttp://quizlet.com/1762914/weatherseason-vocabulary-flash-cards/


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This page will allow students to get information about the formation of the simple sentence,which one of the language structure of the lesson plan, visiting thins page will help you tounderstand better the structure of simple present.http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verb-tenses_present-simple.htm

Students can use this dictionary online to know the meaning of words that they do notknow.http://www.vdictionary.com/

- This video is about weather, so it would be very helpful for all students who want to learnabout it. But not only this video, there many more to be watched to learn new vocabulary.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CVuKr5y9AbY
http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verb-tenses_present-simple.htmhttp://www.vdictionary.com/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CVuKr5y9AbYhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CVuKr5y9AbYhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CVuKr5y9AbYhttp://www.vdictionary.com/http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verb-tenses_present-simple.htm


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Bibliography

Alberta Government. (s.f.). Supporting English Language Leraners. Recuperado el 30 de November de 2013, de

Supporting English Language Leraners:

http://www.learnalberta.ca/content/eslapb/about_communicative_competence.html

H.G Douglas Brow. (2001). Teaching Across Age levels. En H.G Douglas Brow, Teaching Across Age levels.Longman.

shares, S. (01st de November de 2011). Slide shares. Recuperado el 30 de nov de 2013, de Slide shares:

http://www.slideshare.net/tefainfo/teaching-across-age-levels-9968312

Vagaric, V. (30th de September de 2008). Defining communicative competences. Recuperado el 30 de november de

2013, de Defining communicative competences: hrcak.srce.hr/file/42651

teaching methods final paper rhina arely benitez lic viii

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