PRONUNCIATION

TEACHING PRONUNCIATION ELF KALINTAAYEGL DNMEZ

1CONTENTSWhat is pronunciation?What is pronunciation teaching?Why to teach pronunciation?What to know to teach?Pronunciation issuesPerfection versus intelligibilityProblems that can students encounter --What students can hear --The intonation problemWhen to teach pronunciation?Different materials and some teaching techniquesHow to teach pronunciation?Steps for teaching pronunciation.2What is pronunciation?The Production of Significant Sound.Significant becauseit is used as part of a code of a particular languageit is used to achieve meaning in contexts of use.Auditory Phonetics = The perception of the sound.Articulatory Phonetics = The production of the sound.

3What is pronunciation teaching?Pronunciation teaching not only makes students aware of different sounds and sound features can also improve their speaking immeasurablyShowing where they are made in the mouth ,making students aware of where words should be stressed.44 major reasons to teach pronunciation ( Morley, 1999)

functional intelligibility

functional communicability

increased self-confidence

speech monitoring abilities

Why teach? 5Functional intelligibility: Spoken English in which an accent is not distracting to the listener.

Functional communicability: learner s ability to function successfully within the specific communicative situations.

Self-confidence: Dependent on the ones mentioned above.

Speech monitoring abilities: Good learners listen to the input and try to imitate it.

Teach pronunciation to build on6Problems that students can encounterIt is very overlooked by teachers, It is overlooked in a lot of coursebooks included in very small chunks, so teachers dont see it as important.Difficult to teach in multilingual classesIf its not tested, its not important.Some teachers think it iseasy, but it actually needs a lot of work.Its often left until laterRealism is required: perfection is unnecessary and largely unobtainable.Students may believe theres no system to English pronunciation7What to teach?Individual sounds (perhaps using the IPA see below)Sound linkingConnected speech (perhaps through songs)Weak forms (schwa)Voice get them to imitate English speakers mispronouncing their L1 gives them a feel for sounds / rhythmSyllable stress -highlight length, pitch, loudness, & vowel clarityIntonationMinimal pairsChunkingPausingRhythmAwareness of varieties of English.Awareness and recognition production will come later8When to teach prounciationHarmer (2000) suggests 4 alternativesWhole lessons (prep needed)

Discreet slots (prep needed)Short, separated bits of pron. Work

Integrated phases (prep needed)In any lesson (liistning, grammaring, writng etc. ) esp. When you dealwith forms, you may draw sts. attentiton to pron.

Opportunistic teaching Esp. during grammar, voc. Teaching it seems natural to allocate time to pron. teaching

9Pronunciation issuesTeachers give more importance to study grammar and vocabularyTeachers get students to study listening and reading Teachers see that pronunciation teaching will only make things worseTeachers ignore benefits of pronunciation teaching10Actually;Pronunciation teaching(a)makes students aware of different sounds and their featuresimproves their speaking immeasurablyallows students to get over serious intelligibility problems concentrates on sounds ,showing where they are made in the mouth ,making studens aware of where words should be stressed11 So;Receognizing all these things give them extra information about spoken English and help them achieve the goal of improved comprehension and intelligibilityBeing made aware of pronunciation issues will be immense benefit not only to their own production but also to their own understanding of spoken English.12

Perfection versus intelligibilityPerfection depends very much on sts attitude to how they speak and how well they hear.

many cultural factors for perfection

for these cultural factors ; language teachers consider intelligiblity as the prime goal of pronunciation teaching..13So what is intelligibility in teaching pronunciation?The students should be able to use pronunciation which is good enough for them to be always understood.When being intelligibility a goal ;it suggest that some pronunciation features are more important than others; some sounds ,stressing words and phrases and intonation.Realism is required: perfection is unnecessary and largely unobtainable.14What students can hear?

While learning English, if students have similar sounds in their mother tongue, they may be confused and misleaded.15The intonation problemIntonation is a problem or not?16Many people and teachers;find intonation difficult to hear 'tunes' or identify the rising and falling tones.

--giving opportunuties by using tape--or through the way we ourselves model them.17The key to successful pronunciation teaching,not much getting students produce correct sounds,but listen and notice how english is spoken.

--Noticing is so important for pronunciation teaching.18The use of different materials and some teaching techniques

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20Why we use the phoenemic alphabet ?Aware of the different phoenemes

Dictionaries

For pronunciation games and tasks

But you should not forget that you r students proficiency level is important when deciding to use of phoenemic alphabet.21

22How can we use vocal organ chart?t is used for showing how we can produce sounds

So; students understand better

Help to noticing

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24Minimal pairs;What are minimal pairs?

pairs of words that have one phonemic change between them.

How can we use them in our lessons?

25Lets look at the example;Ship and chip

Contrasting two sounds is very popular way of getting students to concentrate on specific aspects of pronunciation

Sounds// and /t/26

Some Teaching Techniques