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Line of Fire (www.lineoffirebook.com) Resources for Teachers of Key Stage 3 Here are teaching resources offering ideas and suggestions for discussion, activity and further reading, which aim to enhance students’ experience of Line of Fire and the inspiration this book can bring to their learning, understanding and creativity. The resources are crosscurricular, and can be used, in conjunction with the Line of Fire website, to support students’ work with KS3 National Curriculum subjects, including English, Art, and History. As Michael Morpurgo says in the introduction to Line of Fire, this is a remarkable book which speaks directly to us – yet at the same time there is the mystery that we do not know who wrote it, or how it came to be in the Paris skip where it was found nearly a hundred years later. Website contents include: What we know about our soldier World War 1 from a French perspective Timeline of key dates and locations in our soldier’s diary Life as a ‘Poilu’, including details of kit and equipment; Glossary of military terms Line of Fire’s best kept secrets, as revealed to the book’s translator Links to where you can find out more about WWI history and reading recommendations The discussion topics and activities in this pack can be used to support and inspire students’ work towards a range of National Curriculum aims, including the following: ENGLISH Developing the habit of reading widely and often, for both pleasure and information Writing clearly, accurately and coherently, adapting language and style in and for a range of contexts, purposes and audiences Using discussion in order to learn; being able to elaborate and explain clearly one’s understanding and ideas Being competent in the arts of speaking and listening, making formal presentations, demonstrating to others and participating in debate. HISTORY Gaining historical perspective by placing one’s growing knowledge into different contexts, understanding the connections between local, regional, national and international history; between cultural, economic, military, political, religious and social history; and between short and longterm timescales. ART Developing creativity and ideas, and increasing proficiency in their execution; developing a critical understanding of artists, architects and designers, expressing reasoned judgements that can inform one’s own work.

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Page 1: Teaching Resources MASTER DOC - Squarespace · website,to$support$students’$workwith$KS3$National$Curriculum$subjects,including$ ... > Life!asa!‘Poilu’,!including!detailsof!kit!and!equipment;

 Line  of  Fire  (www.lineoffirebook.com)  

Resources  for  Teachers  of  Key  Stage  3        

Here  are  teaching  resources  offering  ideas  and  suggestions  for  discussion,  activity  and  further  reading,  which  aim  to  enhance  students’  experience  of  Line  of  Fire  and  the  inspiration  this  book  can  bring  to  their  learning,  understanding  and  creativity.    The  resources  are  cross-­‐curricular,  and  can  be  used,  in  conjunction  with  the  Line  of  Fire  website,  to  support  students’  work  with  KS3  National  Curriculum  subjects,  including  English,  Art,  and  History.    As  Michael  Morpurgo  says  in  the  introduction  to  Line  of  Fire,  this  is  a  remarkable  book  which  speaks  directly  to  us  –  yet  at  the  same  time  there  is  the  mystery  that  we  do  not  know  who  wrote  it,  or  how  it  came  to  be  in  the  Paris  skip  where  it  was  found  nearly  a  hundred  years  later.    Website  contents  include:  

-­‐ What  we  know  about  our  soldier  -­‐ World  War  1  from  a  French  perspective  -­‐ Timeline  of  key  dates  and  locations  in  our  soldier’s  diary  -­‐ Life  as  a  ‘Poilu’,  including  details  of  kit  and  equipment;  Glossary  of  military  terms    -­‐ Line  of  Fire’s  best  kept  secrets,  as  revealed  to  the  book’s  translator  -­‐ Links  to  where  you  can  find  out  more  about  WWI  history  and  reading  recommendations  

The  discussion  topics  and  activities  in  this  pack  can  be  used  to  support  and  inspire  students’  work  towards  a  range  of  National  Curriculum  aims,  including  the  following:  ENGLISH  

-­‐ Developing  the  habit  of  reading  widely  and  often,  for  both  pleasure  and  information  -­‐ Writing  clearly,  accurately  and  coherently,  adapting  language  and  style  in  and  for  a  range  of  contexts,  

purposes  and  audiences  -­‐ Using  discussion  in  order  to  learn;  being  able  to  elaborate  and  explain  clearly  one’s  understanding  and  

ideas  -­‐ Being  competent  in  the  arts  of  speaking  and  listening,  making  formal  presentations,  demonstrating  to  

others  and  participating  in  debate.    HISTORY    

• Gaining  historical  perspective  by  placing  one’s  growing  knowledge  into  different  contexts,  understanding  the  connections  between  local,  regional,  national  and  international  history;  between  cultural,  economic,  military,  political,  religious  and  social  history;  and  between  short  and  long-­‐term  timescales.  

ART  

• Developing  creativity  and  ideas,  and  increasing  proficiency  in  their  execution;  developing  a  critical  understanding  of  artists,  architects  and  designers,  expressing  reasoned  judgements  that  can  inform  one’s  own  work.  

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Before  reading,  set  the  scene  briefly  for  your  students.    Explain:  

• how  this  World  War  1  diary  came  to  be  found  • we  don’t  know  how  it  got  there,  or  who  the  soldier  is  who  wrote  it  –  just  that  he  is  an  

infantryman  with  a  wife  and  family,  and  has  been  a  soldier  before  • at  the  start  of  the  diary  it’s  the  very  beginning  of  the  war:  Germany  has  invaded  

Belgium  and  France  and  war  has  been  declared;  our  soldier  has  already  been  mobilised  and  is  en  route  to  fight  for  his  country,  leaving  his  family  and  not  knowing  what  may  happen  to  them  

• the  diary  covers  most  of  August  and  part  of  September  1914:  the  first  summer  of  the  war.    A  sixth  of  the  French  infantry  who  died  in  the  whole  war  were  killed  in  these  first  2  months  –  and  the  horrors  and  gruelling  stalemate  of  trench  warfare  set  in.  

Let  students  experience  the  book  as  a  whole  –  reading  it  all  the  way  through,  and  with  time  to  reflect  on  it  and  think  about  their  response  to  it.  

Discussion  Get  everyone  to  share  their  first  responses  to  this  book.  This  could  be  with  the  whole  class  –  or  students  could  discuss  in  small  groups,  and  then  share  key  feelings  and  questions  with  everyone.  Ask  lots  of  open  questions  to  get  people  talking.    

• How  does  this  book  make  you  feel?  • Which  bits  do  you  remember  most?  • Did  you  skip  any  parts?    Which  ones?  • Was  there  anything  that  took  you  by  surprise?  • Were  there  any  bits  you  didn’t  make  sense  of?  • What  was  the  thing  you  most  liked  finding  out  from  the  book?  • What  kind  of  a  book  did  you  think  it  was  going  to  be?  • If  you  gave  up  on  this  book  can  you  say  why?  • What  would  you  say  about  this  book  if  you  were  telling  someone  what  you’ve  just  

read?  

Through  discussion  people’s  ideas  will  change  and  develop,  and  of  course  there  will  be  questions,  things  that  students  want  to  find  out  more  about.      The  Line  of  Fire  website  gives  much  useful  information,  and  the  following  activities  and  discussion  ideas  will  also  help  to  fill  in  the  picture.    

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 Watch  this  video  of  Barroux  creating  scenes  from  the  diary:    http://vimeo.com/75281034  

-­‐        and  also  the  interview  with  Barroux  about  the  creation  of  this  book  via:  http://www.lineoffirebook.com/barroux/    

 Look  at  how  Barroux  draws  the  soldier,  particularly  the  face  and  nose  (beak).    In  most  of  Barroux’s  drawings  he  usually  rubs  out  the  line  for  the  nose,  after  the  initial  drawing,  so  that  the  nose  appears  to  be  seamlessly  integrated  into  the  soldier’s  face.  But  for  Line  of  Fire  he  chose  to  keep  the  ‘seam’  because  it  reminded  him  of  the  horrific  war  wounds  suffered,  and  how  the  First  World  War  was  responsible  for  introducing  reconstruction  surgery  which  led  to  the  development  of  cosmetic  surgery.  

The  pictures  are  drawn  in  black,  on  a  sepia  background.    What  effect  does  this  have  for  you?  

 

                                         

 Activity  

• Redraw  a  scene  from  the  book    

• Draw  a  picture  showing  how  the  soldier  or  the  book  makes  you  feel    

• Choose  a  picture  from  the  book  which  speaks  to  you,  and  do  a  creative  writing  response  to  this  picture  –  eg.  a  description  of  your  thoughts  and  feelings  about  the  picture;  a  dialogue  with  our  soldier;  a  poem.    

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At  the  start  of  World  War  1  ‘Newspapers  arrive  from  Paris  announcing  that  the  bad  news  is  official.  War  has  been  declared.’    

Activity  How  else  can  you  tell  from  the  diary  that  these  are  the  early  days  of  the  war?        Collect  on  a  flip  chart  all  the  things  our  soldier  describes  –  including,  for  example,  people’s  hopes  and  fears  as  they  cheer  on  the  troops  and  offer  food,  wine  and  shelter;  villages  being  abandoned;  crops  still  growing  in  the  fields.  

Discussion  ‘…our  sense  of  duty  makes  us  hold  our  heads  high  and  soon  we’ve  joined  the  ranks,  ready  for  the  off.’      Talk  about  the  responsibilities  our  soldier  is  feeling  –  to  protect  and  fight  for  the  safety  of  his  family  and  his  invaded  country.  

   ‘We’ll  get  them!’  The  French  title  for  Line  of  Fire  is  On  Les  Aura!    which  means  roughly  ‘We’ll  get  them!’  This  is  what  soldiers  in  the  early  days  of  war  wrote  on  the  train  carriages  in  chalk,  when  they  all  thought  the  war  would  be  over  by  Christmas.    

Discussion  What  do  students  think  about  ‘We’ll  get  them!’  as  a  possible  alternative  title?                                

Consider    

• Any  effects  of  100  years  of  hindsight  on  the  significance  of  these  words  • Connotations  associated  with  possibly  glorifying  war  and  bloodshed  –  eg.  the  

controversial  Sun  headline  ‘Gotcha!’  after  the  sinking  of  900  Argentine  soldiers  in  the  Belgrano  during  the  Falklands  war                                                                                                                    

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                 

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A  soldier’s  life  

Activity  &  discussion  Our  soldier  is  an  infantryman  and  on  the  website,  in  the  section  ‘Our  soldier  and  WW1’,  you  can  find  out  more  about  French  soldiers  -­‐  their  uniforms,  equipment,  rations,  ammunition.    The    French  World  War  1  infantrymen  were  known  informally  as  les  poilus  –  ‘the  hairy  ones’,  because  of  their  beards  and  moustaches;  they  came  from  all  backgrounds,  but  often  a  rustic,  agricultural  one.        We  know  our  soldier  has  already  served  in  the  army  –  note  down  some  of  the  references  he  gives  about  this  previous  experience.    Was  this  a  recent  experience,  do  you  think?  What  does  the  diary  tell  us  about  life  for  soldiers  –  and  about  warfare  of  the  day?  The  long  marches,  the  advances,  retreats,  digging  trenches,  finding  food  and  shelter;  the  boredom,  and  the  horrors…      Read  together  the  entry  for  22nd  August  when  our  soldier’s  company  is  fighting  near  Saint-­‐Rémy,  then  retreating.    On  this  one  day,  27,000  men  were  killed  in  fighting  across  France.    

Activity    Role  play:  Imagine  you  are  a  TV  journalist  reporting  on  the  fighting  of  August  22nd.    Write  a  script  –  what  are  the  key  things  you  will  describe  to  the  viewers?      N.B.  There  is  the  wider  strategic  picture  with  Germany’s  Schlieffen  plan,  and  the  reality  for  the  soldiers  actually  fighting.  You  get  to  interview  our  soldier  –  what  questions  will  you  ask  him?        Work  on  this  in  pairs,  developing  the  script.  Then  take  turns  to  be  the  journalist,  and  the  soldier,  asking  each  other  the  questions.    

Activity  Our  soldier  is  transported  by  train  from  Bercy  in  Paris  to  Lebeuville  in  north-­‐eastern  France.  His  platoon  then  marches  further  to  villages  and  countryside  on  the  Belgian  border  where  the  fighting  is  taking  place.  After  he  is  wounded  he  is  eventually  taken  by  train  to  Auxerre.  

On  the  Line  of  Fire  website  you  can  find  a  timeline  of  our  soldier’s  locations  set  against  dates  over  these  2  months.  Have  a  go  at  plotting  his  route  yourself  -­‐  you  could  use  a  French  road  atlas  or  Google  maps  www.google.co.uk/maps/    It’s  quite  a  twisting  route,  with  advances  and  retreats;  and  you  will  need  to  choose  the  right  location  when  you  get  several  places  with  the  same  name.  

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Discussion  Talk  about  why  we  write  diaries  –  for  example  to  record  things,  for  ourselves,  for  others;  to  express  our  thoughts  and  feelings.    Why  do  we  sometimes  stop  or  give  up  on  writing  diaries?    Why  do  you  think  our  soldier’s  diary  stops,  after  less  than  two  months,  and  when  he  is  in  hospital?  

The  editor  of  Paroles  de  poilus,  a  collection  of  letters  and  journal  entries  from  French  soldiers,  describes  these  as  ‘written  in  haste  amid  the  fire  of  action’.      And  one  soldier  wrote  in  his  diary,  ‘My  notebook,  my  dear  notebook!  The  most  intimate  thing  I  possess  here!’  

 

                                                                         

Think  of  our  soldier  writing  his  diary.    When/where  would  he  snatch  time?    Have  a  look  at  the  entries  –  some  are  detailed,  some  are  very  short.  Why  might  this  be?    He  also  writes  letters,  to  his  wife  and  family,  and  is  very  anxious  to  get  news  back  from  them,  as  the  Germans  are  advancing,  and  villages  being  abandoned  –  and  burned.  

Activity  

• Choose  a  section  of  the  diary  and  write  it  instead  as  a  letter  from  our  soldier  to  his  wife  –  think  about  how  this  might  be  different  from  what  he  writes  in  his  diary.      Are  there  things  he  might  not  want  to  tell  her  about,  or  things  he  might  want  to  make  sound  better  than  they  are?*    

• Discuss  what  might  be  happening  to  his  wife,  with  the  German  army’s  advance.    She  may  still  be  at  their  home,  but  fearful  about  the  Germans  coming  nearer.    Their  village  may  already  have  been  taken  over.    Write  a  postcard  from  her  to  her  husband.    

*This  podcast  from  the  Imperial  War  Museum  may  give  useful  background    http://www.1914.org/podcasts/podcast-­‐21-­‐news-­‐from-­‐the-­‐front/    

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Discussion  What  might  be  the  story  of  this  diary  –  how  did  it  get  to  a  Paris  skip  in  2009?              Was  it  totally  forgotten  in  a  cupboard  for  a  hundred  years?    Did  it  stay  in  the  same  family?  Or  pass  through  different  hands?  

Found  with  it  were  a  medal  and  there  are  song  lyrics  in  the  pages  at  the  back  of  the  diary  that  carry  on  to  1917,  which  look  to  be  in  our  soldier’s  handwriting.  These  are  song  lyrics  of  existing,  well  known  French  wartime  songs.  How  might  these  fit  into  the  story?  

If  they  were  traced,  what  might  the  soldier’s  family  think  about  Barroux  turning  their  relative’s  diary  into  a  book?  How  might  they  feel  that  a  private  journal  has  been  turned  into  a  commercially  profitable  book?  How  would  the  soldier  feel?  

Do  you  think  Barroux,  as  the  finder,  has  a  moral  responsibility  to  trace  the  soldier?*  What  are  the  advantages  or  disadvantages  to  not  knowing  our  soldier’s  identity?  

*Barroux  has  donated  the  diary  to  the  Cavern  du  Dragon,  a  museum  in  the  north  of  France.  

 Activity  

• Write  what  you  think  might  be  the  story  of  our  soldier’s  diary  from  his  time  in  the  hospital  in  September  1914  until  its  rescue  from  the  rubbish  in  2009.    

• Imagine  you  find  a  diary  thrown  away  in  a  skip  in  a  street  near  your  house.  What  is  it  about?  Who  do  you  think  has  written  it?    What  does  it  look  like?  Write  an  entry  for  your  diary.  How  could  your  diary  entry  be  a  springboard  for  yourself  and  others  to  write  a  story?    

 

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Film  of  the  book    Activity  Plan  how  you  could  turn  Line  of  Fire  into  a  film.  Storyline:    write  a  draft  outline  for  the  script  –  you  could  storyboard  the  key  scenes.      Think  about  what  you  might  add  to  what  is  in  the  diary  –  e.g.  flashbacks  to  life  before  the  war;  scenes  with  the  family  back  home.      Would  you  end  at  the  hospital  as  the  diary  does,  or  take  the  story  further  on?      Think  about  the  medal,  and  the  song  lyrics  at  the  back  of  the  diary  –  how  might  these  fit  into  the  story?  

What  is  our  soldier  like?        We  don’t  have  a  name  for  our  soldier  but  we  know  quite  a  bit  about  him  from  what  he  says  and  does.    Would  you  prefer  him  to  have  a  name?    Why/why  not?    If  you  do,  what  might  it  be?    Have  a  look  at  French  Christian  names  –  in  the  diary  we  meet  Lucien,  Réné,  and  Fernand.    For  Barroux,  knowing  little  about  our  soldier  freed  up  the  book’s  creative  process.  For  your  film,  however,  you  would  probably  want  to  build  up  his  character  and  his  background.  Note  down  all  the  clues  you  get  from  the  diary,  from  the  things  he  says  and  does.  

• What  do  you  think  he  looks  like?    How  old  is  he?  • What  does  he  like?      What  doesn’t  he  like?    What  is  he  good  at?  • What  do  you  know  about  his  beliefs  and  opinions?  • What  job  might  he  have  done?  • What  do  you  think  his  home  is  like?    And  his  family?  

Which  actor  would  you  choose  to  star  in  the  film  as  our  soldier?  

Telling  the  story  to  your  grandchildren        Activity  You  are  our  soldier  –  you  have  survived  the  war,  and  come  home  safely  to  your  family.    Your  children  grow  up,  and  you  have  grandchildren,  and  they  ask  you  about  the  war.  Script  your  story  and  make  a  recording  –  audio  or  video  –  you  can  focus  on  these  first  weeks,  covered  by  the  diary,  or  take  the  story  on  from  where  the  diary  ends  in  the  hospital.    Before  writing,  think  about  and  discuss:  

• What  may  have  happened  to  the  family  in  these  years  of  war  and  the  occupation  of  France:  do  some  research  on  how  the  war  developed  from  1914.  What  else  might  our  soldier  have  taken  part  in?  

• There  are  likely  to  be  things  which  he  will  not  want  to  remember  or  talk  about  

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Power  Point  presentation  Activity  

You  have  found  this  diary  thrown  away  in  a  skip  in  a  Paris  street;  you  realise  it  is  something  special  and  have  taken  it  to  a  publisher.  Now  it  is  being  turned  into  a  book  and  will  be  published.  In  order  to  promote  the  book  create  a  power  point  telling  the  story  of  the  finding  of  the  diary,  its  contents,  and  the  mystery  of  who  wrote  it  and  what  happened  to  him.  Your  audience  is  booksellers,  librarians,  and  the  general  public  –  you  want  to  attract  their  attention  and  interest,  so  that  they  read  and  buy  the  book  –  and  get  more  people  reading  it  too.  First  make  a  plan  of  what  you  want  to  say  and  what  could  go  on  each  slide.  Why  do  you  think  people  will  want  to  read  your  book?  Include  in  your  presentation:  

• An  attention-­‐catching  title  and  first  slide  • Simple,  clear  bullet  points  • Excerpts  from  the  diary    

                                                             

Writing  a  review  of  Line  of  Fire  Activity  Have  a  look  at  some  book  reviews  on  websites  such  as  Books  for  Keeps  http://booksforkeeps.co.uk/reviews    

 Then  write  your  own  review  of  Line  of  Fire  –  make  it  at  least  100  words  in  length.        

• Give  the  essential  information  about  the  book:  Title,  author,  publisher  • Describe  the  book’s  background  and  content  –  a  brief  outline  is  fine  • Describe  how  the  book’s  content  is  put  across,  with  its  combination  of  diary  and  

illustration.  • Say  how  you  think  this  works.    Do  the  illustrations  connect  well  with  the  pictures?    Is  

there  anything  that  doesn’t  work  for  you?    • Most  important  of  all!  -­‐  What  are  your  feelings  and  thoughts  about  the  book?    Do  

you  recommend  it  to  other  readers?      

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Graphic  novels  

Discussion  Look  at  some  other  examples  of  graphic  novels,  such  as  Persepolis  by  Marjane  Satrapi  or  The  Hobbit:  Graphic  Novel  illustrated  by  David  Wenzel.  

See  also  the  interview  with  Barroux  on  the  Line  of  Fire  website,  via:  http://www.lineoffirebook.com/barroux/  Here  he  talks  about  his  approach  to  the  creation  process  of  a  graphic  novel  and  how  he  decided  on  the  images  for  each  page  of  the  book:      Read  also  translator  Sarah  Ardizzone’s  account  of  translating  the  words  and  pictures  in  Line  of  Fire:  http://www.lineoffirebook.com/translation/      How  does  our  soldier’s  diary  work  for  you  as  a  graphic  novel?    What  if  it  were  plain  printed  text  with  no  pictures?    What  if  it  were  a  facsimile  of  the  original  written  version?      

Activity  and  Discussion  See  below  –  here  are  three  ways  of  presenting  the  diary:  how  do  you  respond  to  each  one?  

Does  each  format  give  you  different  kinds  of  information?    Does  it  get  you  thinking  about  different  things?  

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 Facsimile  from  the  actual  diary  

 THURSDAY  6  AUGUST  0.500  hours:  We  de-­‐train  at  Lebeuville  in  the  morning  rain.  After  a  halt  of  an  hour,  during  which  we  make  coffee,  we  move  off  again.  Slowly  but  surely,  the  sun  rises  and  begins  to  warm  us.  My  feet  hurt.  I’m  off  to  a  good  start!  We  arrive  within  view  of  Saint-­‐Mihiel  and  make  a  longer  stop.  I  overhear  a  conversation  between  the  major  and  the  officer,  to  the  effect  that  we’ll  probably  stay  here  for  a  few  days.  I  take  this  opportunity  to  forward  my  address.  We  cross  the  town  and  reach  our  billet,  which  is  the  barracks  of  the  25th  Battalion  of  Light  Infantry.  I’m  starting  to  hobble.  Everything  is  untidy,  suggesting  a  hasty  departure.  The  beds  are  unmade  and  kits  are  strewn  across  the  floor.  You’d  think  the  battalion  was  just  out  on  an  exercise  or  a  route  march.    From  Line  of  Fire  

   

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Your  own  illustrations  

Activity    Have  a  go  at  illustrating  a  diary  entry,  with  a  single  picture,  or  a  series  of  pictures.  You  could  

• Use  the  diary  entry  you  created  in  section  E  • Choose  an  entry  from  Line  of  Fire  • Choose  an  entry  from  another  diary  which  you  have  read  • Illustrate  the  following  diary  entry  –    this  time  from  a  German  soldier,  called  Richard  

Hoffman      

 22  SEPTEMBER  1914:    Then  we  got  going  again  on  our  endless,  interminable  march,  on  and  on  till  nightfall;  for  we  still  had  to  take  part  in  the  combat.    For  the  first  time,  we  didn’t  have  our  meals  at  the  usual  times,  and  then  we  had  only  had  bread  and  coffee.    At  the  end  of  the  afternoon  we  had  passed  the  French  frontier  without  realising  […]  and  we  billeted  in  a  village  called  Parray,  or  something  like  that  […]  Like  all  the  French  villages  which  I  went  through  it  was  a  dingy  place:  piles  of  manure  and  old  rubbish  along  the  road,  and  in  front  of  the  doors  of  great  houses  with  narrow  windows  and  dark  and  dirty  rooms  –  and  everywhere,  makeshift  repairs,  done  any  old  how.        

 

Design  your  own  book  jacket    

Discussion  Talk  about  the  book  jacket  for  Line  of  Fire.    What  do  you  think  about  the  front  cover?  Does  it  give  you  an  idea  of  what  the  book  is  about,  and  get  you  wanting  to  read  it?  

 Design  a  book  jacket  for  your  own  book  –  the  one  which  you  imagined  finding  in  a  skip.    (See  section  E.)  Think  about    

• Overall  design  style:  colours,  type  face/s      • Front  cover:    Picture/s,  title,  author  • Back  cover:  Blurb:  attention  catching  –  concise  lines  about  content,  quotes  from  

reviewers,  maybe  quotes  from  the  book  

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More  background  

For  first-­‐hand  accounts  from  soldiers  in  World  War  1  listen  to  some  of  these  podcasts  from  the  Imperial  War  Museum    http://www.1914.org/podcasts/,  particularly  those  on  

• Joining  up  (Podcast  3)  –  feelings,  recruitment,  propaganda  • Off  to  the  front  (Podcast  6)  –  getting  to  the  front,  and  those  first  months  • Into  battle  (Podcast  7)  • Over  by  Christmas  (Podcast  8)  –  realising  this  was  not  to  be…  • News  from  the  front  (Podcast  21)  –  letters  home  • Logistics  of  the  war  (Podcast  40)  –  including  rail  journeys,  like  those  of  our  soldier  

At  the  start  of  the  war  Germany  declared  war  on  Belgium,  France  and  Russia  –  and  Britain  declared  war  on  Germany.    As  more  countries  entered  the  hostilities  it  became  indeed  a  World  War.  

See  this  excerpt  from  a  poem  about  American  troops  sailing  from  the  States  to  fight  in  France  –  joining  soldiers  from  countries  including  Britain,  France,  Belgium,  India,  Australia,  Canada,  and  New  Zealand.            Troopship:  Mid-­‐Atlantic  …  staring  at  the  magic  with  eyes  adream  That  never  till  now  have  looked  upon  the  sea,  Boys  from  the  Middle  West  lounge  listlessly  In  the  unlanthorned  darkness,  boys  who  go,  Beckoned  by  some  unchallengeable  dream,  To  unknown  lands  to  fight  an  unknown  foe.  W.W.Gibson        (On  the  S.S.  Baltic  July  19)  

 Look  at  this  feature  in  the  Guardian  about  ‘what  freedom  means’  (http://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/21/on-­‐liberty-­‐edward-­‐snowden-­‐freedom)      

In  this  piece,  Michael  Morpurgo  says  of  World  War  1:          

We  will  ponder  the  lives  of  those  who  fought,  and  those  who  died,  and  ask  ourselves  why  they  went.  Was  it  patriotism,  was  it  because  others  went  and  you  felt  you  had  to  go,  was  it  for  adventure,  was  it  to  fight  tyranny,  was  it  for  freedom,  their  freedom,  the  freedom  of  those  they  loved,  of  those  who  came  after  them.  Was  it  for  many  of  these?  Was  it  for  us?  And  if  so,  was  it  worth  it?  Are  we  worth  it?  Do  we  value  the  freedom  they  left  us,  or  simply  take  it  for  granted?    

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Commemorating  World  War  1    There  is  currently  debate  about  how  World  War  1  is  commemorated.    In  Line  of  Fire  our  soldier’s  direct  and  straightforward  account  shows  us  the  fears  and  the  fighting,  and  also  the  boredom  and  banality.  Barroux,  the  artist,  and  Sarah  Ardizzone,  the  translator,  have  given  us  their  interpretations  of  his  story  –  and  each  of  us  reading  it  will  respond  in  different  ways.  Here’s  what  Michael  Morpurgo  has  said  about  commemorating  the  war:  

In  2014,  as  we  begin  to  mark  the  centenary  of  the  first  world  war,  we  should  honour  those  who  died,  most  certainly,  and  gratefully  too,  but  we  should  never  glorify.  We  should  heed  the  words  of  those  who  were  there,  who  did  the  fighting,  and  some  of  them  the  dying.  Wilf  Ellis,  Harry  Patch,  Sassoon,  Thomas  and  Owen…          During  these  next  four  years  of  commemoration  we  should  read  the  poems,  the  stories,  the  history,  the  diaries,  visit  the  cemeteries  –  German  cemeteries  as  well  as  ours  –  they  were  all  sons  and  brothers  and  lovers  and  husbands  and  fathers  too.  

Discussion        Do  you  think  the  war  experience  for  soldiers  of  all  nationalities  was  the  same?    What  common  feelings  do  you  think  they  shared?    List  and  talk  about  these,  and  also  the  differences  in  their  experiences.      Remember  that  the  French  soldiers  were  fighting  on  their  own  soil,  their  country  had  been  invaded,  and  their  homes  and  families  were  at  risk.  

Think  about  what  our  soldier  says  “we  leave  with  heavy  hearts,  but  our  sense  of  duty  makes  us  hold  our  heads  high…”        Activity:    Debate  Prepare  and  debate  the  following  proposition  –  using  a  formal  debate  structure  with  four  speakers,  proposing,  opposing,  and  summary  speeches,  and  questions  and  voting  from  the  floor.  

Proposition:    War  is  war  –  no  matter  what  uniform  you  are  wearing  

 Tips  for  debating:  

• Research  your  facts  thoroughly  –  for  both  sides  of  the  argument  • Have  notes,  but  just  refer  to  them,  don’t  read  them  out  like  an  essay  • Make  your  points  clearly,  with  persuasive  arguments  • Be  confident  in  your  speech  and  body  language  • Listen  carefully  to  opposing  arguments  

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Fiction  about  WW1        Sam  Angus   Soldier  Dog   Macmillan   978-­‐

1447220053  Michael  Morpurgo   Private  Peaceful   HarperCollins   978-­‐

0007486441  Michael  Morpurgo   War  Horse   Egmont   978-­‐

1405226660  Linda  Newbery   Tilly’s  Promise   Barrington  Stoke   978-­‐

1781122938  James  Riordan   When  the  Guns  Fall  Silent   OUP   978-­‐

0192735706  Poetry        Gaby  Morgan  (ed)   Poems  from  the  First  World  War   Macmillan   978-­‐

1447226161  Diaries,  letters,  first  person  accounts  

     

Vera  Brittain   Chronicle  of  Youth  –  War  Diary  1913-­‐17   Weidenfeld  &  Nicholson  

978-­‐1842120941  

Harry  Drinkwater   Harry’s  War  The  diary  of  a  WW1  British  soldier  

Ebury  Press   978-­‐0091957216  

Jim  Eldridge   The  Trenches:  A  First  World  War  Soldier  (My  Story  series)  

Scholastic   978-­‐1407103778  

Jean-­‐Pierre  Gueno   Paroles  de  poilus    (in  French)  Letters  &  journals  of  French  WW1  soldiers  

Editions  84   978-­‐2290038611  

Sarah  Ridley   Brothers  at  War   Franklin  Watts   978-­‐1445124056  

Valerie  Wilding   The  Road  to  War-­‐  a  First  World    War  Girl’s  Diary        (*See  other  titles  in  the  ‘My  Story’  series  –  these  are  fictional,  based  on  fact)  

Scholastic   978-­‐1407104614  

Examples  of  Graphic  Novels  

     

Madeleine  L’Engle   A  Wrinkle  in  Time:  Graphic  Novel  

Farrar,Straus  &  Giroux  

978-­‐0374386153  

Marjane  Satrapi   Persepolis  Iran  –  a  childhood  &  a  return  

Vintage   978-­‐0099523994  

Art  Spiegelman   The  Complete  MAUS  Holocaust  survivor’s  story  

Penguin   978-­‐0141014081  

J  R  R  Tolkein  David  Wenzel  (ill.)  

The  Hobbit:  Graphic  Novel   Harper  Collins  

978-­‐0007611621  

Joann  Sfar  Trans.  Sarah  Ardizzone  

The  Little  Prince  (graphic  novel  version)   Walker  books   978-­‐1406325447  

Joann  Sfar  (Trans  Alexis  Siegel  &  Anjali  Singh)    

The  Rabbi’s  Cat     Pantheon  Books,  Random  House  NY  

978-­‐0375714641  

 Marguerite  Abouet  and  Clement  Oubrerie  

Aya  (series  name)   Drawn  &  Quarterly    

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Other  resources:  

• Useful  websites:  o Imperial  War  Museum:  First  World  War  Centenary:  http://www.iwm.org.uk/centenary  o BBC  Schools:  World  War  One:  http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/0/ww1/  o BBC  History:  World  War  One:  http://www.bbc.co.uk/ww1  

En  français:  o Guerre  de  1914  -­‐  1918:  http://www.premiere-­‐guerre-­‐mondiale-­‐1914-­‐1918.com  o Mission  Centenaire  14  -­‐18:  http://centenaire.org/fr  

• Chatterbooks  World  War  1  Activity  Pack  for  reading  groups:  http://readingagency.org.uk/children/003-­‐tips/wwi-­‐chatterbooks-­‐activity-­‐pack.html    

• Your  local  museums  and  archive  centres  • Your  own  family’s  history  and  reminiscences  

 

©Phoenix  Yard  Books,  2014