Using Effective Teaching Techniques

Or, some more tools for your teaching toolbox

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Objectives

Define EFFECTIVE teaching

List, explain, and give examples of

effective teaching skills

Demonstrate effective teaching skills in

actual teaching

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Everything has led up to this.

Program planning leads to a curriculum Curriculum planning leads to teaching

calendar Teaching calendar leads to lessons Lesson planning leads to methods We use teaching skills to implement the

methods

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What is effective teaching?

From perspective of PRODUCT:

– How much the students learn.

– Difficult to measure.

– Results may not be known for years.

– Results flavored by student ability.

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What is effective teaching?

From perspective of PROCESS:

– Use of good procedures.

– Directly observable

– Results immediately visible

– Results may be flavored by available

resources

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Effective Teaching Defined

“Patterns of classroom interactions that

consistently produce desirable student

outcomes in the form of higher test

scores, increased problem solving skills,

improved attitude toward subject, etc….”

– Borich. (1988). Effective Teaching Methods

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Measuring Effective Teaching

Standardized test scores

– measured later and affected by all teachers

Accomplishment of SOLs

– measured later and affected by all teachers

Teacher-made tests

– unreliable, biased

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Surrogate for Direct Measurement

Research tells us that Time on Task has

closest relationship to achievement

Time on task = time students are working

on appropriate, intended learning activities

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Estimating Teaching Effectiveness

Degree to which:

– Task relates to curriculum

– Students are paying attention

– Students are following directions

– Students are working on assigned task

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Effective Teachers Exhibit:

Clarity

Variety

Task Orientation

Engagement

Moderate-High Success Rate

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Effective teachers Use:

Student Ideas Structuring Questioning Probing Enthusiasm

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Four Major Effective Teacher Skills

Stimulus Variation

Repetition

Reinforcement

Examples and Non-Examples

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Stimulus Variation

Kinesic Variation

Focusing

Shifting Interaction

Pausing

Shifting Senses

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Kinesic Variation

Teacher Movement

Volume Variation

Get into Space

Move Behind

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Focusing

Verbal

– This is Important, Write This Down, This

Will be on the Test

Gestural

– Point, bang on desk, point, gesture

Verbal-Gestural

– Point and “look at this!”

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Shifting Interaction

Teacher to Student

Student to Teacher

Student to Student

Teacher to Student to Teacher to

Student

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Pausing

Alert Students to Change

Promotes Thinking

Emphasize Key Point

Break Monotony

Regain Control

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Shifting Senses

Hearing

Seeing

Smelling

Feeling

Tasting

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Types of Stimulus Variation

Kinesic Variation

Focusing

Shifting Interaction

Pausing

Shifting Senses

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Repetition -- Why Increase Level of Learning Prolong Retention

Repetitions/Time

Degree of Learning/ Retention

Ability to Recall

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Repetition -- How

Restating another way Providing examples/non-examples to

illustrate Partial Reviews Massed Reviews Re-use skills in subsequent learning Practice, Practice, Practice

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Reinforcement

Positive Reinforcement– praise– grades– feedback– knowledge of results

Negative Reinforcement– constructive– suggests solutions, improvements

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Examples & Non-Examples

Why?

Teacher Experiences

Student Experiences

Literature

“Made up”

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Can We Talk?

What is Effective Teaching?

What is Time on Task

Why is Time on Task used as a

Surrogate for Effectiveness?

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More Review

What Are Four Major Teaching Skills?

Why do we use Repetition?

Why is Reinforcement so Important?

What are Examples?

What are Non-Examples?

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What is an Example of:

Kinesic Variation

Focusing

Shifting Interaction

Pausing

Shifting Senses

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So What?

Program planning leads to a curriculum Curriculum planning leads to teaching

calendar Teaching calendar leads to lessons Lesson planning leads to methods We use teaching skills to implement the

methods