Team 4Steven, Katelyn, Eli, Hayden

Part 1

AnalysisBased on the spreadsheets, Buildings G K Q are all costing the most

money

With their sizes that is understandable

However, monthly usage of energy doesn’t seem to follow a curve as expected.

Monthly kwh UsageAs expected, there is a bell curve, with the highest energy usage from June to September

However, when compared to the average temperatures, there shouldn’t be discrepancies in the curve, like from January to February

This indicates that there is a problem, either with the numbers given, or something could be adjusted to save energy

Part 1

Energy Usage Intensity “The use of an Energy Use Intensity (EUI) indicator provides the means to equalize the way that energy use is compared between various types of buildings, and evaluate the means of reducing overall energy consumption.” (Archtoolbox.com)

By establishing a base EUI, we have a baseline to compare our energy usage to in the future

High Intensity means high cost

Also, cost per kwh is based on peak energy use. If peak energy use is decreased, significant savings can be realized

Part 1

Ways to reduce Energy Use Intensity

Proper Maintenance

Motion Activated lights

Natural Sunlight

Passive heating and cooling of interior spaces

Develop on-site renewable energy generation http://www.archtoolbox.com/sustainability/energy-use-intensity.html

Part 1

Benchmarking“Conducting benchmarking involves uncovering the key drivers of energy use and adjusting or “normalizing” the metrics used to compare energy use. At a facility, for example, the data can be normalized for weather, production levels, or product characteristics that affect energy use. Normalizing data ensures the meaningful comparison and analysis of data and can be done either through simple or sophisticated statistical techniques. Normalizing creates a level playing field that avoids comparing apples and oranges.”

https://www.energystar.gov/ia/business/healthcare/Benchmarking_to_Save_Energy.pdf

Portfolio Manager

Portfolio Manager is a way to compare our EUI with other, similar buildings around the country.

A high score means better efficiency, and also that there are less ways to increase efficiency.

A low score indicates that there are more opportunities to reduce energy usage, and as a result, save more money.

It is also a convenient way to manage your own data, by using spreadsheets to enter the data.

Graphs provide visual representations of the data

Comparison Project: Palisades Office ParkLOCATION: Atlanta, Georgia

PROJECT SIZE: 650,000 square feet

Energy Savings: 19%

Cost Savings: $150,000•What they did:•Retrofit of garage, elevator, outdoor, and lobby lights with compact fluorescent bulbs and LEDs•Decreased number of lights in parking structure•Installed variable frequency drives on exhaust fans•Decreased electric heater set point and increased exhaust fan set point•Source: Better Buildings- U.S. Department of Energy http://betterbuildingssolutioncenter.energy.gov

Comparison Project: Cottonwood Corporate CenterLOCATION: Salt Lake City, Utah

PROJECT SIZE: 136,000 Square Feet

Energy Savings: 17%Cost Savings: $35,000•What they did:•Retrofit 180 metal halide lamps to energy-saving high-output alternatives•Installed self-adjusting astronomical timers to exterior lighting of the building•BAS (building automation system) was calibrated and programmed to run the HVAC equipment at peak efficiency.

Source: Better Buildings- U.S. Department of Energy http://betterbuildingssolutioncenter.energy.gov

Possible savings from Re-commissioning

Based on the two similar facilities savings, we could expect a savings of 15-20% in energy usage.

kwh from 2015 was 18,659,310.54. At $.08/kwh, that is $1,492,744.84

By reducing energy usage by 15%, peak energy usage charges may be reduced.

reduce energy usage by 2,798,896.58kwh, or $223,911.73 even if the peak energy charge remains the same.

DDC System

Best Case ScenarioRequirements1.Remove and replace all head equipment2.Reprogram and get new graphics for each building

Worst Case (there are equipment problems)Requirements1.Remove and replace all head equipment2.Reprogram and get new graphics for each building3.Repair any old or damaged equipment and replace it4.Program new equipment

DDC System

Best Case ScenarioTotal Cost Estimate 285,000* Possible Benefits to replace1.Ease of use/access to information2.Improved monitoring of the building will allow minimization of the discrepancies in energy usage shown earlier

*Based on 14 bldgs, 18 boilers, 19 chillers, 47 CRAC units, 10 generators, 26 UPS. Estimate provided by Mark Kowalk, Utah Yamas Systems

Worst Case (there are equipment problems)Much, much moreDownsides to replace1. If the current system already accurately measures everything, then it wouldn’t give you more information, it would just be nicer to look at.

DDC System

Our Recommendation:

Don’t consolidate your three DDC systems, but have the facility recommissioned, and then pick and choose what changes need to be made in order to get the greatest return on your investment.

We would be looking at a large cost with perhaps (assuming convenience wise it saves 20 minutes of “inconvenient back and forth clicking” a work day, then it would save 104 hours a year which assuming the technician is getting paid $100/hr) savings of $10,400 a year. The payback would then be decades.

Alternatives to recommissioning DDC

•Simpler, quicker fixes•Wireless pneumatic thermostat

Estimated Savings: $635/year per 1000 sq. ft.

Retrofit Cost: $600 per 1000 sq. ft. Payback Period: 11 months

•Wireless gauge readerEstimated Savings: 10% reduction in gas usage, reduction in downtime of system during incident, labor reduction of one full-time equivalent Retrofit Cost: $1,250 per point installed Payback period: 7-12 months

● Installed in less than an hour● Compatible with existing automation

systems● Will provide more detailed information on

energy usage● Can be controlled remotely● Notify of maintenance and repair issues

Benefits

In a facility of almost 1 million square feet, possible savings of $635,000 per year, with only a payback period of 11 months

Combine this with a new DDC system, and the payback is still less than 18 months.

However, some of this equipment may already be installed, so savings would be less

Better monitoring of system allows for better control of individual zones, and will show when maintenance is needed without an actual inspection

Again, this can reduce peak energy use, which reduces cost dramatically overall

Lighting Retrofits

Indoor lighting retrofits

LEDs last up to 50 times longer than incandescent, and about 5 times as long as fluorescent lights

LED’s are also much more efficient, and can reduce energy usage by 50% for fluorescent, and 1000% for incandescent

LED lifetime is much higher, up to 50,000 hours, instead of 1,200 or 8,000

LEDs have much lower heat output, which can lower cooling costs in the summer

Occupancy sensors and dimmer controls can save up to 30% on lighting energy bills

Dimmers allow greater control of lighting in a room or area, based on the availability of sunlight through windows

Occupancy sensors detect movement or sound, and turn lights on, and then turn them back off after a person is no longer detected

Outdoor Lighting

LED and Metal Halide ComparisonMetal Halide LightsUse of reflectors to focus lightnot evenly distributedLight output decreases over life of bulb, by up to 50% after half the life of the bulbRequires a ballast to function properlyContains mercury and other chemicals

LED (Light Emitting Diode)Uses optical focusing to spread lightLight is more evenly distributed than with reflectorsBulb life can be up to 100,000 hoursNo ballast required, although some LEDs can be used in existing Metal Halide fixtures

Currently, LED’s are more expensive than metal halide, or incandescent bulbs.Are up to 500% more energy efficient than metal halide

Comparison cont.Existing Lighting268 250w Metal Halide bulbs99 175w Metal Halide bulbs100 100w Metal Halide bulbs

Average 10 hour usage per day

344,286.25 kwh used in a yearA total of $27,542.90 energy costs ($.08/kwh)

New LED bulbs to Replace Metal Halide268 54w LED bulbs104 40w LED bulbs95 18w LED bulbs

Average 10 hour usage per day

74,248.3 kwh used in a yearTotal of $5,939.87 energy costs ($.08/kwh)

Annual energy savings of $21,603

Comparison cont.Metal Halide bulb Replacement CostsBased on 10,000 Hours life expectancy

$7,305.38 to replace all bulbs once

3650 hours use/year2 years, 8 months life expectancy

Need to replace Metal Halide bulbs 5 times to match LED usage

Total cost over 50,000 hours $36,526.90

Yearly replacement cost of $2,656.50

Metal Halide bulb Replacement CostsBased on 50,000 Hours Life Expectancy

$37,384.07 to replace all bulbs once

3650 hours use/year13 years, 8 months life expectancy

Yearly Replacement Cost of $2,728.76

Payback period

With current usage, the payback period would be approximately 1 year and 9 months, or 21 months.

However, there are wattsmart incentives provided by Rocky Mountain Power that can be up to 70% of the retrofit cost, but not decreasing the payback period to less than a year.

70% is $26,168.85, which would decrease payback period too much

To get a one year payback, the rebates could be up to $15,781.03

Rebates

For LED lights, the wattsmart incentive is $.15/kwh annual energy savings.

changing to LEDs reduces kwh usage by about 270,037.95kwh

Total rebates could reach $40,505. Total allowed is only $15,781.03

There is also a tax incentive of $.60/sqft if energy use is lowered by 50%, although in this case, that is unlikely

Recommendations

Make the change from Metal Halide to LED in the parking lot and the street lights, payback period of one year, at a cost (with wattsmart incentives) of $21,000

Don’t change the fixtures, just the bulbs. Fixtures would increase the cost beyond an 18 month payback period

Consider changing out interior lights to LED, and install occupancy sensors in offices, bathrooms, and conference rooms

Dimmers in offices with natural lighting