team2_organizational plan 16.11
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VFood
Food Solutions for Vending Machines
Organizational Plan
11/15/11
Team 2
Seydi Afin nl
Emirhan Akdemir
Cansu Acar
Melodi Trkili
Onur entre
Engin yidoan
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Mission Statement
To provide cheaper, faster and more accessible healthy foods.
Vision Statement
To create the most preferable food solutions that provide healthier future for its customers.
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Description of business and its legal structure
Our company VFood serves to vending machine investors who want to provide automatized food
solutions to potential customers. The history of vending machines sector that VFood currently takes
place goes far back as 215 B.C. The mathematician Hero describes a device that dispensed Holy Water
used in the temples of Egypt. In 1905 Industry starts to grow more as the novel Automate restaurant
opens in US. In 1946, the first coffee vending machines led to the use of vending machines for coffee
breaks. Afterwards, the industry grows even faster with customized offers for food and beverage
categories.5
VFood, being a food vending machine company was established in 2011 to meet the demand for
consumers who want healthier, faster and more accessible solutions for the outside food industry. The
benefits for costumers being the ones who are going to buy the machines and sell the service to
consumers are mainly 24h/7d availability, wide range of payment options, clean, hygienic and safe,
adaptable machine branding, flexible placing options. In Turkey, the vending machine market is quite
limited while considering high variety products in Netherlands, Japan and United States. On the one
hand, VFood provides distinct differentiation compared to its local direct competitors by offering
meals instead of snacks, drinks etc. However, on the other hand emerging number of indirect
competitors that are cafes, fast food restaurants and kiosks reveal a threat within the competition. The
main aim of VFood in 3 years is to reach certain amount of customers who already bought the vending
machine solutions, locate them into their places, and have satisfied consumers. In 5 years, VFood have
a goal of expanding its machines to Europe.
Our company is a limited liability partnership (LLP) in which all partners have equal share of limited
liability. Therefore we all have the right to manage the business directly and take an active role in
management.
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Company Organization
The organizational plan of the company can be seen from the figure below:
Figure 1.Organizational Plan of the Company
Job Descriptions
Afin nl, the CEO of the company, is responsible for all the processes in the range of production
planning to the marketing in the company. He is mainly the decision maker of VFood. The decisions
about new investments and product development and the new rules within the company are taken by
him. He is in the charge of general progress of the company.
Melodi Trkili, the marketing manager, is in charge of creating value for the product s that are
manufactured in VFood. She follows the new trends, deals with the market analysis and gives value to
the products according to the needs of the customers. She is also responsible for finding new ways to
attract the attention of the customers. She reports the CEO monthly.
Cansu Acar, the production manager, is in charge of supply chain management, production planning
and quality management. She works with the hardware and software designers in order to be always
informed about the manufacturing processes. In a monthly basis, she sends her reports to the CEO.
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Emirhan Akdemir and Engin yidoan are the hardware designers of the company. Their duty is
deciding on the technical materials and specifications of the product in order to create a good product
design. They are always in contact with the production manager, and reports what they have done so
far weekly.
Onur entre, the software designer, is in the charge of selecting and using the most convenient
programs which enable the product to be manufactured in an efficient manner. He collaborates with
the hardware designers while writing the necessary computer codes for the product. Like hardware
designers, weekly, he reports what he has done so far to production manager.
Commercial and Advertorial Designer, is the employee who is in charge of designing the web-site of
the company, following new trends about internet and developing the web-site according to these
trends to attract the attention of the customers more, preparing the logo of the company and the new
products. He works with the marketing manager since like a team; they try to give values to the
products visually, emotionally, etc. together. He reports the marketing manager weekly.
Performance Evaluations
The performances of the hardware designers, software designer and the commercial and advertorial
designer are evaluated by the managers whom they are working with. On the other hand, the
performances of the managers are evaluated by the CEO.
In our company, each month, the managers are filled a special form for each of the employees. In this
form, the managers are asked to rate the enthusiasm, diligence, ambition, achievements, etc. of the
employees. These rates are also shared with the employees themselves in order to make them aware of
their current condition in the firm. While rating the performances, the managers usually focus on the
assessments that are previously given to the employees. While the CEO is evaluating the managers,
they use the same systematic process.
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Future Planning of Human Resources
In the first several years of entering the market, we will try to protect our structure and make our
businesses stable and efficient. As we expand our business, we will start to have more employees in
our company. Since the business will become more complex, most probably we will need more
designers and the production manager. If we produce just one type of the vending machine, it is not
necessary for us to hire a new marketing manager and commercial and advertorial graphical designers.
Our financial processes will also become more complicated, at this point; we may think to have a CFO
in our company.
Location of the Company
Our office will be located in Cyberpark, Ankara. However, the manufacturing processes will be
carried out in Eskiehir, which is so close to Ankara. Choosing a location in Eskiehir will provide our
company with some advantages.
Firstly, we, as a company, will purchase our raw materials from the suppliers in Eskiehir since
including delivery costs, for the same raw materials, the prices of the suppliers in Eskiehir is lower
than the prices of the suppliers in Ankara. Having suppliers nearby has a profound significance in
order to decrease the production cost that is why we will locate our manufacturing processes in
Eskiehir. Secondly, the renting prices in Eskiehir are lower than Ankara, which enables us to
decrease our fixed costs. Furthermore, the lead times of the raw materials eventually will be very
short, since most of the suppliers are also located in Eskiehir. If a problem about lead times occur
suddenly, it will be easier for our company to solve it by talking face to face with the suppliers
immediately.
There are also some a disadvantage of manufacturing in Eskiehir. For a company which just enters
the market, it will be very challenging to manage the departments which are in different locations at
the same time.
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Detailed Description of the Product
The name of our product is MacQuick and it is a kind of vending machine that gives the customer
macaroni with 4 different kinds of ingredient choices (See Appendix A). These ingredient choices will
usually be some sauces such as tomato sauces, curry sauce, etc. The sauces of the macaroni will be
served cold; however, the macaroni will be hot.
In order to make MacQuick work, the customer makes the payment, which will be nearly 5TL, with
paper money and the coins. Then, a special small machine which is named bill validator, will read the
paper money of consumer (See Appendix B). After it is verified that adequate amount of money is
taken from the customer, the current balance of the customer is reflected to a small screen which is
located on the front face of MacQuick. Then, the plastic bowls which are stored inside MacQuick
before, start to drop systematically through a pipe. The user takes a bowl from there and places it into
the output slot of the machine (See Appendix A).
Consumer will enter his ingredients choice by using num-pad of machine. Choice of product is shown
on the screen panel via electronically data exchanging. Choice of product will be examined in
Arduino, which is the brain of the system and controls data exchanging between electrical and
mechanical structure in the whole system (See Appendix C). For example, if money is not enough to
buy macaroni, Arduino detects it and stops the request of user mechanically. Then, error message is
displayed on screen panel.
In next step, Arduino activates stepper motors. The stepper motors are used to activate the structure in
which macaroni and the ingredients are stored. Firstly, the spiral shaped structure begins to turn, so
appropriate amount of macaroni is dropped into the bowl. After that, stepper motors in which the
ingredients are stored, are activated respectively according to the choices of the customer, so desired
ingredients are also dropped into the bowl (See Appendix A). End of process is shown in screen panel
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Operations Plan
In order to produce MacQuick efficiently, we, as a company, have specified our production process by
taking raw materials, suppliers, lead times, order sizes, needed machineries and the storage into
account.
While producing MacQuick, mainly, 6 kinds of raw materials are used. Since the manufacturing
processes of MacQuick will be carried out in Eskiehir, we have usually chosen to purchase our raw
material from the firms which are located in Eskiehir or close to Eskiehir. The raw materials, the
intended uses of these raw materials while producing MacQuick, their suppliers and the prices are
mentioned below:
1) Steel Product Case: Steel product case will be used to form the main structure of the product.The product case to be used in this kind of a project should be though enough in order to
prevent the system from theft and impacts that may occur during transportation of the system
etc. Also, insulation of the system is significant because there will be a cooling unit inside.
Therefore, the material of the case was decided to be steel instead of plastic. It will be
purchased from Makasl Machinery and Metal which is located in Eskiehir. The price of a
steel product case is 70 TL which is one of the most affordable prices among the other
suppliers in Eskiehir. Besides, we also sure about the quality of the steel product case due to
our researches and connections in Eskiehir.
2) Vapor Compression Refrigeration System: A vapor compression refrigeration system isused for the cooling process of the sauces in MacQuick and it is needed to prevent the
ingredients from rotting. Arelik Inc. Refrigerator Factory will be our supplier for this
product. Since it is located in Eskiehir and it is one of the best manufacturers of the
refrigeration system in Turkey, we chose to buy this raw material from Arelik. The price of it
is 100 TL.
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3) Internal Mechanical Structure: The structure which is used for preparing the macaroniinside MacQuickis purchased from Makasl Machinery and Metal. This structure consists of
the segmets that are be used for macaroni and ingredient storage, spiral shaped structures that
are used in the process of pouring the macaroni and some other small mechanical portions
(See Appendix A).The price of this system is nearly 200 TL.
4) Arduino Uno: As it is mentioned before, this system controls the consistency between themechanical and the electrical condition inside MacQuick. This microcontroller card system is
purchased from Robit Technologies which is a local distributor of SparkFun Electronics. It is
located in Eskiehir. It is nearly 60 TL.
5) Stepper Motors: This motor, which provides the motion that enables the appropriate amountof ingredient to drop into the bowl, is also purchased from Robit Technologies. In MacQuick,
we need 6 stepper motors which cost 330TL.
6) Bill Validator: This system basically counts the money that the customer pays to MacQuick.It is purchased from Bat Automatization Systems which is located in Istanbul. We, as a
company, chose to work with Bat Automatization Systems since including delivery cost; it is
cheaper than other firms which are so close to Eskiehir. It is also one of the well -known
suppliers in this sector. Furthermore, bill validator system has the highest cost among the
other raw materials. As the complexity in the automatization system increases such as giving
remainder of money to the customer, accepting different amounts of money at the same time
etc., the price of this system also increases. For the first several years in the sector, we will
choose to use a bill validator system which will accept both only coins and paper money. It
will also be capable of giving the change back to the customer and one Bill Validator System
costs about 500. As we expand our business, we will also support the credit card payments
which are relatively easy and quick way to pay.
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In short, for the raw materials, we usually chose to work with the same suppliers which provide
quality and the affordable prices at the same time. In our opinion, working with the same suppliers for
different kinds of materials, will provide trust between the suppliers and our company. This trust will
be helpful for our company while negotiating with the suppliers over the prices, order sizes and the
lead times.
Lead Times of the Raw Materials
As it is mentioned before, all the manufacturing processes will be carried out in Eskiehir. According
to our meeting with the suppliers, we have learned that the lead times are almost fixed up to a certain
limit. Generally, excluding stepper motors, if the order sizes are over 100, the lead times start to
increase profoundly. However, if nearly 30-70 units are ordered, the lead times are usually fixed since
the suppliers always have this amount of the raw materials in their storage. Furthermore, since 6
stepper motors are used to manufacture just one MacQuick, according to our meetings with the
suppliers, the lead time start to increase if nearly 700 units of stepper motors are ordered.
Here are the estimated lead times for a middle order size of each raw material:
Raw Materials Lead Times
(in days)
Steel Product Case 7
Vapor Compression Refrigerator System 7
The Internal Mechanical Structure 7
Aurdino Uno 2
Bill Validator 14
Stepper Motors 1
Figure2.Lead Times of the Raw Materials
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Order Size
It is hard to determine a fixed order size when a company enters a new market. 1 Because of the fact
that the company does not forecast the sales well due to the some barriers to entry, it becomes more
difficult to forecast the order size. If the company order more than it is needed, the storage cost
suddenly increases. If the company orders less than it is needed, they lose the goodwill of the
customers and a potential profit. In order to eliminate this disadvantage, we, as a company, will have a
production system which is based on make to order.
Make to order is a special production system which means that we will manufacture only after an
order is placed. We will not manufacture anything before the customer places an order. After the
customers place an order, we will give them the specified delivery time of the order. This delivery
time is determined by taking the lead times of the raw materials into the consideration. Then, we will
manufacture the order and submit it on the delivery day.
At this point, we think that the customers can wait for the order until the delivery time, instead of
buying it immediately from another company. The reasons that lie behind our confidence are the
followings:
We will offer them lower prices since we do not have any storage cost Just having a more affordable price can convince the customers to wait until the delivery time
since vending machine is not an urgent need for most of the people.
In short, since we will work with make-to-order production system, we will not have a fixed order size
for the raw materials. As the orders are placed, we will purchase the raw materials according to the
amount of the orders.
Storage
As it is mentioned above, make-to-order system will enable us not to have any storage. This will
reduce the complexity in the manufacturing system and our storage cost.
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Production Process and Machinery
In the first several years after entering the market, we will try to produce the MacQuick by using
machineries and robots less and human based workforce more. As we expand our business, in order to
meet the demands efficiently, we will add more automatic systems to our process. How the production
process will be carried out during the first several years will be mentioned in the next paragraph.
Firstly, number pad and screen integrated to steel product case by using small nails. Arduino uno,
which is the controller of the electrical and mechanical processes inside MacQuick, will be integrated
to number pad and screen to get information from number pad and send information to the screen.
Stepper motors, which enables the macaroni and the ingredients to move from the structure inside, will
locate in the upper side of product case and their connection with arduino uno will be done by copper
cables and motor drivers(See Appendix D). Stepper motors will connect to spiral metals which are
inside of the pipes in MacQuickby hard soldering (See Appendix A). The pipes will be located in
the middle of the steel product case and they are connected to case with key-lock modeling which
enables MacQuick to give macaroni when the payment is made. Finally, we will add the reserve of
plastic bowls to the system, which will be located in right-hand side of product case (See Appendix
A). In this process, production of such system will take approximately 4-5 days with readymade raw
materials.
As we expand our business in nearly five years, we will have more dynamic and robotic production
process in which new machines and systems are involved. In our opinion, the first robotic
improvement can be applied to the process of connecting stepper motors and the spiral metals in the
near future. Instead hard soldering, a special robotic system which includes soldering machine can be
used to combine stepper motors and the spiral metals. This improvement will shorten the time of the
production process significantly.
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Market Analysis
Vending Industry appears to be quite different while considering different countries in the world.
Following to that, the size of the market, the scope of growth and the trends should be investigated
separately basing on diverse regions. Before showing up the numbers from different regions, overview
facts about the market is as it follows:
Japan has the biggest vending machine market in the world. There is one vending machine foreach 20 people in the country.
United States has the second biggest market in the world with one vending machine for each40 people.
Considering whole Europe, there is one vending machine for each 100 people on average. In Turkey, there are currently 12,000-13,000 vending machines which mean approximately
there is one vending machine for each 6,250 people. Even though the market appears to be
quite small at the moment, it is growing fast.
Europe has been playing a strategic role for the whole industry by offering one of the most various
options. If we look at the near history: There were 10,000 vending machine operators present in
Europe in 2008. Of those 69% were small enterprises operating under 100 machines each; 30% were
medium size business operating between 101 and 1,000 machines and 2% were large companies
operating over 1,000 machines. The operators employ around 85,500 people. Basing on the numbers,
we found out there were approximately 2,195,000 vending machines in the whole Europe in 2008. In
order to figure out a comparison, a country based research is examined. The UK market for sales via
automatic vending machines was estimated by Key Note. According to the Automatic Vending
Machine Market report 2011, the number of refreshment vending machines in the UK stood at around
449,000 in 2010 even though the number had fallen in value by 1.1% in 2010 to 1.92bn. Due to the
limited free resources about the market analysis, the reflected numbers are calculated via population
proportions. The Europe population is 842,033,572 and the UK population is 60,587,000 right now.
Therefore we assume that the market size of UK is approximately 1/14 of the whole Europe. There
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were 156,786 vending machines in UK in 2008 and it appeared to be 449,000 in 2010. As a result the
yearly market size growth in UK is approximately 69% which represents the future potential of
vending machine market in Europe.
Due to the high profit margin, development opportunities, and innovations, the vending machine
sector is expected to grow as 10 times more than the current growth.7
Depending on the article, Vending and the Technological Revolution Delivery Systems of Future,
current researches say that in 2011 the vending industry has a $ 30 billion-a-year value while
employing 700.000 people on 13.500 distributed companies in the world. All in all, the current
position of the sector reveals a fast growing market. Basing on the fact, there are also many future
investments on innovative vending machines, the sector will be a shining star in the future.
According to the National Automatic Vending Association in the US (NAMA), in 2010 canned
beverages make up 40% of the overall vending market, snacks 19%, food 10%, hot cup beverages 8%
and cold cup beverages 8%. Snacks and beverages altogether represent 85% of the vending market in
the US. Due to the limited sources about Turkish vending machine market, we take the numbers as our
segment percentages. As a result, we will be a player in food vending machine segment which
generates 1/10 of the whole market. 6
Our target market is the young population that needs to have quick, cheap and good quality meals
during their breaks or short spare time. They have limited budget due to the fact that their income
comes either from their family or their newly started job. As long as they are a member of Y
generation, they are concerned about bad effects of the growing world. Following to that they have
just started to care about their health. Due to the fact that they usually feel busy in their lives, they are
lacking time.
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Industry Analysis
Our company VFood produces its products called vending machines itself in a factory which is located
in Eskisehir. The production is a vertical integration in which the supply chain members produce a
different product or (market-specific) service; and all of them are combined to satisfy the need of the
vending machine.
The value chain of the system is constructed as it is shown in the figure:
According to the model, it is needed to check if each step of the both activities adds more value to the
chain and costs less than our competitors. The evaluation is made by two categories:
Support activities: Organization is strong as much as competitors as its production is alreadyplanned. Human Resources add less value because of less experienced management team.
However, the motivation of the team is quite high. Technology is rather more developed
compared to competitors due to the unique and innovative type. Because of more developed
ingredients, the cost and depending on that the price is more expensive.
Primary activities: Inbound Logistics is as least costly as possible since the manufacturingplant is located in Eskisehir where most of the biggest vending machine manufacturers are
located. Operations are rather more expensive due to the more developed product
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requirements that generate the vending machine as a whole. Following to that manufacturing
assembly should be considered as simple as possible. Outbound Logistics is provided
according to the upcoming demand for MacQuick machines. We provide the service as cheap
as our competitors do. We have more advantages compared to our indirect competitors in the
field of marketing and sales. The machine itself is a great and costless way of marketing.
The competition and the degree of rivalry are determined with the help of The Five Competitive
Forces that Shape Strategy which is published by Harvard Business School. According to that article,
there are basically 5 forces that appear to be Threat of New Entrants, Bargaining Power of
Suppliers, Rivalry among Existing Competitors, Bargaining Power of Buyers and Threat of
Substitute Products or Services. In our case with food vending machine sector, the biggest challenge
is Threat of New Entrants which basically refers to all other indirect competitors that are already big
players in Turkish food service sector. In Turkey, there are many local and global fast food chains that
people prefer when it comes to have faster service and cheaper price. Their potential to enter into
vending machine industry is a big threat for our company since they are already too experienced in
food service sector and are more confident about financial stability. According to the Harvard
Business article To limit the threat of substitutes, companies can offer better value through wid er
product accessibility. Soft-drink producers did this by introducing vending machines and convenience
store channels, which dramatically improved the availability of soft drinks relative to other
beverages. Therefore indirect players will try to take advantage of fast growing market in the future.
The main concerns of customers about existing food and snack vending machines are that they are not
healthy enough while considering the restaurant foods. At the same time, they do not fulfill exactly
their hunger for 3 main meals. Depending on the two main concerns, VFood already provides
solutions to remove barriers.
According to the documentations of Central Bank in Turkey, the net profit margin for machinery
sector is calculated to be 14,6 % on average. We also claim that we will obtain similar profit margin
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and price the product accordingly. After the costs calculations in the financial report, we will be able
to calculate gross margin flowingly.
Due to the confidentiality issues, the market shares of competitors are not open to public articles.
According to the deep research which is made via internet and published articles, there are no main
players in the market. Instead of that, there are many players such as Vending Solutions Turkey, Bravo
Automats, Turkvend, Coskun Automat, Basak Automat, Macgal Automat As a result of that, the
competition is quite on the same line that creates a big advantage for us as a new player. However on
the other hand, it provides the same advantage for potential entries to the market in the future. In order
to avoid such a situation, we need to become a strong player within the market in near future.
Existing Direct and Indirect Competition
Indirect Competitors
As long as our product is directly about food category, there are too many substitutes that can be threat
for our competition. Depending on the location of the vending machine, each service and each product
that offers food service generates our Indirect Competitors. The major Indirect Competitors are
defined as follows:
1. Cafes:Since they are offering delicious foods and one-to-one relationships, cafes can be one of the
most threatening competitors within the competition. Our differentiation point compared to
this segment is to provide cheaper and faster food service.
2. Fast Food Restaurants:Our common feature with restaurants is to provide faster food for customers, which is an
emerging trend in the whole Europe. As they also offer cheaper price, the competition is quite
tough. We want to position ourselves in abetter value point in the Value Map by presenting
better perceived performance in terms of healthiness of foods.
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3. Kiosks:The main advantage of kiosks is accessibility. They can be on the every street, every corner
etc. Today, many of the kiosks offer hot sandwiches, toasts and different types of fast foods as
well as snacks and drinks. Kiosks also offers faster and cheaper food compared to cafes.
According to that, it is the toughest player for our vending machine. We need to differentiate
our product with lower price due to the fact that we do not employ any manpower, and with
higher accessibility in the high potential points.
Direct Competitors:
Since our product is a vending machine that presents food solutions, all vending machines that offers a
king of food are our direct competitors. In order to analyze the direct competitors in a deeper manner,
the food vending machines are grouped as follows:
1. Vending Machines with Warm Food:
There are various types of warm food vending machines such as macaroni, french fries and
pizza vending machine especially in foreign countries such as Germany, Japan and United
States. They are quite preferable compared to others as they can serve warm foods as
restaurants do. In other words, their main competitive advantage is their taste which is closer
to the restaurants. To illustrate the vending machines in use today, cooks macaroni instantly
so it is served hot and within 2 minutes. Since we will not cook the macaroni in the machine
instantly, we must do it in 30 seconds at most so that our product can differentiate itself by
being faster. There are also vending machines which offer different kinds of food such as
French fries or pizza. They also offers user relatively quick food. Since they are mostly cooks
instantly and inside of the machine their process time varies between 45 seconds and 3
minutes which may be considered long time for a vending machine. Again, the serving time of
our macaroni vending machine will be what makes our product favored.
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2. Vending Machines with Snacks:
Snacks vending machines are one of the most common vending machines in the world. They
basically offer biscuits, chocolates, chips etc for consumers. They appease the hunger for a
while and give taste pleasure. Their main advantage is their price is usually lower than the
supermarkets. Our competition is not directly related, but as they offer tasteful snacks in a
shorter service time, they can be more preferable for consumers who are in tight time.
3. Vending Machines with Cold Sandwiches:
The vending machines with cold sandwiches offer different types of sandwiches to consumers.
The types are usually with ingredients such as tuna fish, salami, cheese etc. The producer
creates different types of sandwiches by having different ingredients. Their main competitive
advantage compared to restaurants is being cheaper, faster and more accessible. Since they
are also in the cold food solutions category by claiming to have healthier food compared to
other direct competitors and fast food restaurants, they are one of the most critical
competitors. Our main superiority is being more customized as we let the customer to choose
the ingredients of the product.
To have a general conclusion on our position in the market, the SWOT analysis is done:
Strengths:o Healthier food solutions compared to fast food and existing vending machineso Cheaper than indirect competitorso Faster service than restaurants and cafeso Easier accessibility for consumerso Customized service with diverse optionso Easier settlement to wide range locationso Unique type within the local marketo User friendly machine
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Weaknesses:o Lack of different food typeso The need for maintenanceo Customer dissatisfaction depending on instant system faultso Lack of business experience of the team
Opportunities:o Emerging trend of health considerations about food in the whole worldo Time consuming considerations of the target marketo Potential growth with vending machine in other food solutions segments
Threats:o The possibility of entering Turkish market for foreign companieso Wide range of possible competitors that offers food solutions without automationo Legal issues regarding to the location of the vending machine
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Appendix A
Figure 1- The drawing of our product, which is named as MacQuick
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Appendix D
Figure 4- Stepper Motors3
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References
1) Strategies for Entering and Developing International Markets. FtPress FinancialTimes. November 2011. < http://www.ftpress.com/articles/article.aspx?p=101588 >
2) Univesal Bill Acceptor. SlotsDirect.com. November 2011.< http://www.slotsdirect.com/gamemax700.html >
3) Ardunio. Wikipedia.com. November 2011. 4) The stepper motor generator. Gotwing.org. November 2011.
< http://gotwind.org/diy/stepper_motor.htm >
5) About the Vending Industry. October 2011
6) What Products Sell Best in Vending Machines,Steve P Sutherland, November 2011http://ezinearticles.com/?What-Products-Sell-Best-in-Vending-
Machines&id=4474179
7) Vending Machines, November 2011http://www.morfikirler.com/yazi/otomat-makineleri
8) The Five Competitive Forces That ShapeStrategy, Micheal E. Porter, January 2008Harvard Business Review
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