tech session 1 - green technologies for the 21st century (arch. liza morales

THE GREEN REVOLUTION: SUSTAINABLE DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGIES IN THE 21ST CENTURY AND BEYOND

Arch. Liza Morales-Crespo, LEED AP, AIA, UAP

Arch. Liza Crespo, LEED AP, AIA, UAP

• Principal, Liza Crespo Ecotecture

• Registered Architect in New York State & the Philippines

• LEED Accredited Professional - USGBC

• Licensed Architect by the Philippine Professional Regulation

Commission (1997 Board Exam, 6th place)

• University of the Philippines, Diliman- BS Architecture (Cum Laude)

• Columbia University, New York - Master of Science in

Architecture & Urban Design

• New Jersey Inst. Of Tech., New Jersey - Master of Science in

Infrastructure Planning

Liza Morales-Crespo, AIA, LEED AP, UAP

Source: http://wbcsdcement.org/pdf/CSI-RecyclingConcrete-Summary.pdf

Greenhouse Gas Emissions

The Problem with Concrete…

•Concrete accounts for 7-10% of CO2 emissions worldwide….

Source: http://climatetechwiki.org/technology/energy-saving-cement

Portland Cement Production

•Production of Portland

cement is currently

exceeding 2.6 billion tons

per year worldwide and

growing at 5 percent

annually.

Imperviousness of Concrete

Heat Island

Sources:

1. Kun Li and Zhuang Yu, Article: Comparative and Combinative Study of Urban Heat island in Wuhan City with Remote Sensing and CFD Simulation Sensors 2008, 8(10), 6692-

6703; doi:10.3390/s8106692

Albedo is a means by which the amount of

sun reflected is measured.

Sustainable Concrete

•Better re-use of waste and other secondary

materials such as water, aggregate, fuel or

other cementitious material;

•Lower reliance on quarrying material or

sending construction and demolition waste

to landfill by maximising the use of recycled

material where practical;

•Development of low-energy, long-lasting

yet flexible buildings and structures;

•Exploiting the thermal mass of concrete in a

structure to reduce energy demand;

•Environmental restoration after industrial

activity has ceased.

Prefabricated Foundation Walls

•XI wall by Superior Walls, a prefabricated foundation wall system

manufactured in Pennsylvania, uses reduced amounts of concrete as

compared to standard foundation walls

•which the manufacturer claims to be 80% less. This system is

comprised of steel, a built-in insulation layer and some concrete. These

panels are then cast in a configuration similar to

•stud walls, and allows for basements to be erected at a much shorter

period of time while requiring minimal coordination.

Source: http://www.buildingproductsnews.com/category/concrete/

Solar Masonry Units

• Prototype design done by Rhode

Island School of Design student

(Alexander Keller)

•Winner of the Metropolis

Magazine Next Generation

•“Brick” bind together via

interlocking

Male and female parts (mortar not

Required)

Source: http://www.metropolismag.com/nextgen/ng_story.php?article_id=4259/

Green Aggregate


•synthetic lightweight aggregate material

•developed from various environmental waste processes (i.e. fly ash)

•Reduction of dead load

•Longer Spans

•Better fire ratings

•Lower foundation costs

•25%-35% lighter than normal weight concrete; but strength is

comparable

Geopolymer Concrete

•utilizes "fly ash," one of the most abundant

industrial by-products

•features greater corrosion resistance,

•substantially higher fire resistance (up to 2400° F

or1300°C ),

•high compressive and tensile strengths, a rapid

strength gain,

•and lower shrinkage

•life cycle greenhouse gas reduction potential -- as

much as 90% when compared with ordinary

Portland cement.


Bacteria+Sand+Urine=Brick

•1 Brick=1.3 pounds of CO2 emissions

•Microbial Induced Calcite Precipitation

•Ginger Krieg Dossier @ UAE

•Still needs further study: Ammonia

by-product which can contaminate

water supplies

Source: http://www.metropolismag.com/nextgen/ng_story.php?article_id=4259/


Self Healing Concrete

•Uses carbon dioxide and water to heal itself

•By Prof. Victor Li of the University of Michigan

•Crack in the roadway when it gets wet and dries

up, additional cement paste in the mixture seals

the cracks like a scar after a wound

•Designed to bend and crack in thin hairlines

as opposed wider gaps=lead to safer and stronger

infrastructure

•Designed for tensile strains up to 5% compared to

normal concrete which fails at .01% strain

Source: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/04/090422175336.htm


Pervious Concrete: EcoCreto

•An additive to concrete to make it pervious (allowing

water to pass thru at 4” per minute)

•Developed by chemist Jaime Grau and Nestor de Buen

•Applied like asphalt laid over a sub-base of stones and

geotextile fabric. Wire and Rebars are NOT recommended

•Relatively strong, achieving 5000 psi within 28 days

•Claims: cut down pollutants from motor vehicle

emissions and indstrial processes i.e. Nitrogen oxides,

sulfur oxides and VOCs

•Air pockets in Ecocreto are said to help mitigate heat

island effects and filter rainwater

Source: Design Like You Give A Damn, Architecture for Humanity, Abrams, 2012.

Waterproof Concrete: Hycrete

•Concrete is typically porous, absorbent and

degrades when exposed to pollutants

•Typical methods of waterproofing concrete are

not green

•Hycrete is an admixture that incorporates the

waterproofing in the concrete by sealing

hydrocarbon in the capillaries (w/c occurs during

process of mixing with concrete)

•Helps with concrete-rebar adhesion= prevents

corrosion


Papercrete

•Paper + Water + Concrete = Papercrete

•Has good insulating properties and makes use of

recycled material

•Relatively inexpensive and strong

•With borax and boric acid, it can be made fire

resistant

•With reinforcing and waterproofing it can have a

wide variety of applications

•Used in a school in Taiwan



Papercrete

Smog Eating Concrete: Italcementi

•For the design of the Jubilee Church in Rome,

architect Richard Meier asked Italian cement

manufacturer Italcementi to produce a cement

that would stay clean & white.

•Titanium Oxide: uses a photocalytic process

oxidizes chemicals that come into contact with the

cement

•Claims: cut down pollutants from motor vehicle

emissions and indstrial processes i.e. Nitrogen

oxides, sulfur oxides and VOCs

•30-40% more expensive than regular cement.

However, lower maintenance costs associated w/

repainting


Lessons Learned

iomimicry

ntegrative Approach to Design

I.S.S. (Keep It Simple, Stupid)

radicate “One Size Fits All” Mentality

iomimicry

Nature runs on sunlight

Nature use only the energy it needs

Nature fits form to function

Nature recycles everything

Nature rewards cooperation

Nature banks on diversity

Nature demands local expertise

Nature curbs excesses from within

Nature taps the power of limits

- Janine Benyus “Biomimicry”

iomimicry


Biomimicry

•Bamboo, owing to its structural and geometric qualities, is quite efficient with handling

lateral loads

•This arrangement allows for

gravity loads to be supported by

The exterior skin leading to a more

Lightweight and efficient structure

Diagphragm: help resist buckling of

the culm wall along the entire

weight of the culm

Culm Wall: material that forms the

culm provides maximum bending

resistance

Cavity

Internode

Node

Node

Source: Learning from Nature, Mark Sarkisian, Civil Engineering, June 2011

Biomimicry

•Principle applied by SOM in their design entry for the China World trade Center tower

competition


iomimicry


iomimicry


•“…the logarithmic spirals were interpreted to

mimic the natural force flows of a cantilevered

structure to its foundation, resulting in a

braced structural system comprising radiating

structural members that would equally

distribute the stresses while minimizing the

amount of material used”

•Mitchell Truss: “radiating lines of a pure

cantilever in which force flow lines of

equivalent, constant stress result in

particular spacings and orientations from the

fixed support to the tip of the cantilever .”

iomimicry



INTEGRATIVE APPROACH

TO DESIGN

I.S.S. (Keep it Simple, Stupid)

Recycling VS Downcycling…

•“To eliminate the concept of

waste means to design things ---

-products, packaging and

systems on the understanding

that waste does NOT exist.” •–Bill Mc Donough, Cradle to Cradle


I.S.S. (Keep It Simple, Stupid)

radicate “One size fits all” mentality.

Masdar City

Masdar City

1.6 km

Source: http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2010/09/26/arts/design/26masdar-graphic.html

Masdar City

Source: http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2010/09/26/arts/design/26masdar-graphic.html

• How do welove all the

children of all

species for all time? ...


“How do we love all

the children of all

species for all time? ”-McDonough, Cradle to Cradle

ERROR: syntaxerror

OFFENDING COMMAND: --nostringval--

STACK:

/Title

()

/Subject

(D:20120922130146+08’00’)

/ModDate

()

/Keywords

(PDFCreator Version 0.9.5)

/Creator

(D:20120922130146+08’00’)

/CreationDate

(Global Link)

/Author

-mark-

tech session 1 - green technologies for the 21st century (arch. liza morales

Documents

leed ap

philippines leed

aggregateliza moralescrespo

new york master

new jersey master

sustainable design

new york state

quarrying material