technical considerations for deploying microwave
TRANSCRIPT
-
7/27/2019 Technical Considerations for Deploying Microwave
1/30
Technical Considerations for Deploying
Mike Dalton
Microwave for Wireless Backhaul
Director
UTC Region 3
2009 Exalt Communications Inc. All Rights Reserved. www.exaltcom.com
-
7/27/2019 Technical Considerations for Deploying Microwave
2/30
Agenda
>Microwave Radio Systems for Utility Applications
> crowave a o ys em rme
> Licensed vs. License-exempt
>Scenario: Constrained Legacy System
>Alternative Solutions
>Case Study: South Texas Rural Electric Cooperative
>Case Study: NOVEC
page 2
-
7/27/2019 Technical Considerations for Deploying Microwave
3/30
Why Point-to-Point Microwave Radio?
> Alternative to expensive copper and fibe
> No monthly recurring leased-line costs> Full ownership and control
> Multi-service data and voice support
>
Carrier-class availability (99.999%)uc
> Easy and cost-effective re-deployment
> Known benefits: Has been used b utilities and
critical infrastructure industries for decades
page 3
-
7/27/2019 Technical Considerations for Deploying Microwave
4/30
Many Applications for Utilit ies
> Generation, Transmission, and Distributioncommunications
Electric Water
> Transfer trip and remote relay monitoring> Telemetry and control> Backhaul for AMR/AMI and smart meter
concentrators
> Video surveillance and security> Remote field reporting
Pipeline
> Disaster recovery communications> Wireless Internet services
> Ideal for critical infrastructurecommunications
> Full management and control
page 4Natural Gas Petroleum
-
7/27/2019 Technical Considerations for Deploying Microwave
5/30
Network Applications Example: PTP Backhaul
page 5Generation, Transmission and Distribution
-
7/27/2019 Technical Considerations for Deploying Microwave
6/30
Challenges for Critical Infrastructure Companies
>Growing demand for energy driving build-out of additional
> operational costs
>Transition from TDM to new IP-based infrastructuremonitoring, control, and operation devices
> Leveraging infrastructure and investment for newservices, such as Internet access
page 6
-
7/27/2019 Technical Considerations for Deploying Microwave
7/30
Economics of Backhaul
Payback Sensit ivity to 1xDS3 Leased Line Cost (P2P/Backhaul)
$90,000
$100,000Lease @ $2,500/mo
Lease @ $3,000/mo
$60,000
$70,000
,
iveC
ost
,
Lease @ $4,000/mo
Lease @ $4,500/mo
Lease @ $5,000/moMicrowaveRadio
$30,000
$40,000
,
Cumulat
$-
$10,000
$20,000
page 7
Payback (months)
-
7/27/2019 Technical Considerations for Deploying Microwave
8/30
Types of Point-to-Point Microwave Radio
> Frequency Spectrum- FCC in US and Canada
- ITU/ETSI International
- Licensed- License-exempt
> Technology- Time Division Duplex (TDD)
- Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)
Data
Data
Data
Data
Data
Data
> Physical Configuration
- All-Indoor (IDU: Indoor Unit only)ODU
- - u oor : u oor n ony- Split-Mount (IDU + ODU)
IDU ODU IDU
page 8
How to choose? Which is better?
Depends on the application requirements
-
7/27/2019 Technical Considerations for Deploying Microwave
9/30
How to Choose?
Criteria Definition Questions to Ask
Range Distance of the point topoint microwave link
Can the product support the distance Ineed without sacrificing performance?
andThroughput
, ,
Fast Ethernet or GigE
How will my capacity needs evolveover time?
year that the link isexpected to be operational
over time?
Latenc Sin le-bit dela across a What is the maximum acce table dela
link for my applications to operate reliably?
Security Protection againsttampering and unauthorized
Does my data require encryption?
page 9
access
-
7/27/2019 Technical Considerations for Deploying Microwave
10/30
How to Choose?
Criteria Definition Questions to Ask
ability to scale and evolve overtime in step with changingneeds
need in the future, how can Iprotect my investment?
Management Mechanisms for managingequipment locally or remotely
Do the products fit into my existingmanagement infrastructure and IT
support model?
Collocation Installation of multiplemicrowave radios at the samesite
Does my network topology havehubs or traffic aggregation points?
Value Ratio of perceived benefits tooverall cost; maximum returnon investment
Am I getting the best value for mycapacity, range, and performancerequirements?
page 10
-
7/27/2019 Technical Considerations for Deploying Microwave
11/30
Which is Better?
Frequency SpectrumBenefits Trade-Offs
Licensed > Dedicated, coordinated spectrum > Requires licensing> or , me um, an ong au
spectrum available> Many products available
> us re- cense re oca ng, repac ng
equipment, or upgrading capacity> Spectrum not guaranteed for licensing
> Subject to interference from illegal transmitters
> oug regua e , no ac ve y mon ore norpoliced by FCC
> Requires professional installation
> Longer lead times to deployment
License-
exempt
> Over 700 MHz of free spectrum
> Immediately available
> No licensing required
> Immediate deployment
> Shared spectrum subject to interference
> Carrier-class type products are scarce
> Lots of low performing best effort products
> Short and long haul spectrumavailable
> Next-generation carrier-classproducts available
page 11
Advice: Weigh the need for license-exempt spectrum flexibility against theprotection of licensed spectrum
-
7/27/2019 Technical Considerations for Deploying Microwave
12/30
FCC Licensed Bands
er
ency
ce it
y. - .
>
2.16-2.2 GHz
> 4940 MHz to 4990 MHz (Public Safety)
Wireless Services
+ + -
Weat
Re
sili
Dista
Ca
pa
> 5925 MHz to 6245 MHZ (6L Band)
> 6525 MHz to 6875 MHz (6U Band)
>
10700 MHz to 11700 MHz (11GHz Band)> 17700 MHz to 19700 MHz 18GHz Band
> 21200 MHz to 23600 MHz (23GHz Band)
> 38600 MHz to 40000 MHz (38 GHz Band)
> Others: 70/80GHz- - +
Advice: Evaluate your distance and capacity requirements taking intoconsideration your rain region. Inform yourself on the deployment
page 12
cos s or cense equpmen an n ras ruc ure. ons er eoptimum physical configuration for the application.
-
7/27/2019 Technical Considerations for Deploying Microwave
13/30
License-Exempt Bands
ather
siliency
ance
acity
> 2400 MHz to 2483.5 MHz ISM*
> -+ + -
W Re
Dis
Ca
> 5470 MHz to 5725 MHz U-NII
> 5725 MHz to 5825 MHz U-NII
5 GHz Band
> 24000 MHz to 24250 MHz
> 57000 MHz to 64000 MHz- - +
ext generaton pro ucts can e verGHz capacities on 2.4 GHz.
page 13
consideration your rain region for frequencies over 6 GHz. Consider
the optimum physical configuration for the application.
-
7/27/2019 Technical Considerations for Deploying Microwave
14/30
Which is Better?
Du lexin Technolo
RX
Data
TX
Data
RX
Data
TX
Data
RX
Data
TX
Data
Benefits Trade-Offs
TDD > Requires only one channel to > Higher latency than FDD, but productsransm an receve
> Supports variable symmetry forunidirectional traffic
> Carrier-class TDD roducts now
w arrer o er - e a ency
> Typically available only in license-exemptbands with the exception of 4.9 GHz
> T icall offer onl enter rise-class, best-available
> Available for the 4.9 GHz licensed
band
effort performance based on OFDMmodulation, but carrier-class products
now available
FDD > Very low latency> Many products for licensed bands
> Very good RF performance -- usually
> Requires two channels, one in eachdirection
> Wasteful for unidirectional traffic (50/50
-operation
Advice: Almost all licensed bands require the use of FDD. For license-exempt
page 14
, - . -
can deliver FDD-like performance and availability in half the spectrum
versus best-effort TDD alternatives.
-
7/27/2019 Technical Considerations for Deploying Microwave
15/30
Which is Best?
Physical ConfigurationIDU
ODU
IDU
ODU
Benefits Trade-Offs
All- > Self contained unit> Easil accessible interfaces
> Only practical for frequencies under 13 GHz
> Must be rotected from the environment
> Simple to install
> Rack mountable
> Higher power alternatives
with indoor facility or enclosure
> Requires good quality coaxial cable toantenna, especially for long runs under 5GHz
> Requires waveguide for 6 GHz and above
All-
outdoor
> Rugged construction
>
Improved RF performance> Does not re uire cabinet or indoor facilit
> Physical interfaces are not easily accessibleafter install
> Limited interfaces, due to required cable
> Integrated or external antenna options
> Simplest to install
> Inexpensive CAT-5 cabling and PoE
runs
> Power consumption may limit transmitpower
> Must climb tower to service
Split-
mount
> Combined benefits of all-indoor and all-outdoor
> Easily accessible IDU and simple to install
> Two boxes to install
> Must climb tower to service ODU
page 15
> IDU to RFU connection via low cost IF cable
> Optimal for higher frequency bands up to 40
GHz
-
7/27/2019 Technical Considerations for Deploying Microwave
16/30
Other Considerations (License-exempt):
> How long a wireless link can stay connected and carrying traffic reliably at full
throughput is an important decision criteria. Is it sufficient to look at the statedavailability number when comparing alternatives?
> Examples:
99.999% = 5.26 minutes/year outage99.995% = 26.28 minutes/year outage
=. .
Advice:
Consider both the ability of a system to maintain connection and provide- .
not sufficient to be able to keep a link connected if high BER or low-throughput renders the connection unstable or intermittent.
requirements, your budget, and the criticality for maximizing up-time.
Use link budget calculator tools for most accurate determination of expected
page 16
parameters
-
7/27/2019 Technical Considerations for Deploying Microwave
17/30
Other Considerations (License-exempt):
Interference Mitigation> I want to take advantage of the flexibility of license-exempt bands, but I am
concerned about interference. How do I know it is going to work?
dvice:
Look for high capacity systems with low modulation rates, narrow channelbandwidth and high system gain to offer the best interference rejection andperformance.
Carrier-class point-to-point radios are naturally more resilient to interference (upto 100 times more) than best-effort NLOS radios using OFDM modulation.
Consider products with very wide spectrum coverage and tuning to increase theprobability of finding a clear channel.
Avoid hardware-specific configurations and look for software-controlled granularfrequency tuning, s/w upgradability for future enhancing, and variable channel
.
Consider systems with integral spectrum analyzer to perform site surveys andaid in troubleshooting potential interference issues.
page 17
multiple collocated links to operate in the same clear channel withoutinterference
-
7/27/2019 Technical Considerations for Deploying Microwave
18/30
Other Considerations for License-exempt:
> End-to-end latency (delay) varies greatly depending on the radio type. It is criticalto have low latency for remote transfer relay and other real-time controlo erations. How do ou com are o tions?
Advice:
Beware of low-cost, OFDM or Wi-Fi based radio systems with high (5ms+) and- - ,
Look for native Ethernet and native TDM transport, which ensures no protocol
conversions or circuit emulation is used
Low latency has usually been associated with FDD (frequency division duplex)radio systems, but next generation TDD (time division duplex) now offer the lowlatency required for carriers and users with complex, multi-hop topologies.
Look for Carrier-TDD capability, which provides constant, 1 ms typical latencyavailable on TDD, as well as licensed band FDD products
page 18
-
7/27/2019 Technical Considerations for Deploying Microwave
19/30
What About Ethernet?
>More Ethernet monitoring and control devices coming to
>Ethernet lowers costs as it is shared infrastructure
>Ethernet scales better than TDM or asynchronous serial
>Ethernet networks use packet switching and provide
n eren re un ancy a a ower cos
>Ethernet networks are connectionless eliminatin the
page 19
need for circuit provisioning
-
7/27/2019 Technical Considerations for Deploying Microwave
20/30
Case Study:South Texas Electric Cooperative
Scenario
> as een rap y expan ng s s r u on ne wor
and adding more SCADA and Ethernet traffic to thecurrent communications infrastructure
Problem> Legacy 6 GHz licensed DS3 backhaul links are at capacity
and/or need to support IP-based data traffic
-while leveraging existing investments, with minimaldowntime
page 20
-
7/27/2019 Technical Considerations for Deploying Microwave
21/30
Solution Alternatives
Alternative Pros Cons
upgrade exist ing6 GHz systems
utilization in existinglicensed spectrum
with replacement of legacycapacity
all requirements
Reuse existing cables and
associated with cutover
Augment existing Least expensive approach Must manage two radio
new 5 GHz
license-exempt
nma own meReuse/share existing cablesand antennas
page 21
No licensing required
-
7/27/2019 Technical Considerations for Deploying Microwave
22/30
5 GHz Capacity Expansion Solution
Exalt Exalt Exalt Exalt
License-Free
200Mbps Ethernet
4 to 16xT1
Exalt Exalt Exalt Exalt
License-Free
200Mbps Ethernet
4 to 16xT1
License-Free
200Mbps Ethernet
4 to 16xT1
or
EX-5i-DS3
EX-5i
or
EX-5i-16
EX-5i
or
EX-5i-16
Capacity
Expansion
Module
Capacity
Expansion
Module
Capacity
Expansion
Module
Capacity
Expansion
Module
EX-5i
or
EX-5i-16
EX-5i
or
EX-5i-16
or
EX-5i-DS3
LicensednxT1, nxDS3,
OC-3or
EX-5i-DS3
EX-5i
or
EX-5i-16
EX-5i
or
EX-5i-16
Capacity
Expansion
Module
Capacity
Expansion
Module
Capacity
Expansion
Module
Capacity
Expansion
Module
EX-5i
or
EX-5i-16
EX-5i
or
EX-5i-16
or
EX-5i-DS3
LicensednxT1, nxDS3,
OC-3
LicensednxT1, nxDS3,
OC-3
> Provides connectivity to 6 GHz Part 101 licensed
6 GHz
Licensed
Radio
6 GHz
Licensed
Radio
6 GHz
Licensed
Radio
6 GHz
Licensed
Radio
6 GHz
Licensed
Radio
6 GHz
Licensed
Radio
6 GHz
Licensed
Radio
6 GHz
Licensed
Radio
radios allowing instant DS3, Ethernet and T1capacity upgrades using Exalt 5GHz tri-bandsystems
> Systems only use 1 to 1.5 rack spaces
6GHz Licensed
Radio
Exalt EX-5i
> Does not require licensing> Can usually be installed in less than 1 hour per end
> Provides maximum flexibility
page 22
radio
> Costs much less than other alternatives
-
7/27/2019 Technical Considerations for Deploying Microwave
23/30
South Texas Electric Co-op
Solution Implemented
Exalt EX-5i-16 backhaul radio system with Exalt 5
GHz Capacity Expansion Kit
Results
In under 5 minutes, the legacy 6 GHz link was
expanded from DS3-only to DS3, 100MbpsEthernet, and up to 16xT1.
The license-exempt system maintains availabilityeven when link conditions cause the s ace-
diversity licensed radio to experience outages.
STEC now reliably carries Ethernet and T1 traffic
page 23
-
7/27/2019 Technical Considerations for Deploying Microwave
24/30
Before and After
Before After
egacy a o
Fixed FDD channel plan
egacy + xa - -
Tri-band 5 GHz system
xe c anne an w
1xDS3
arrer
Native TDM
Interference Management
Software u radeable
Up to 16xT1/E1 or 1xDS3
Up to 200 Mbps aggregate
page 24
Ethernet throughput
-
7/27/2019 Technical Considerations for Deploying Microwave
25/30
Case Study: NOVEC
> Immediate need: Replace legacy analog 2.1 GHz systems
- u
- Extremely short fused project (2 weeks)
> Identified solution: use of 2.4 GHz license-free microwave
- Vendor identified from trade publications: Exalt
- Concern with potential RF interference
-
>Benefits
- Ability to use existing antennas
- LOS previously established- Very quick installation of hardware and immediate turn-up
-
page 25
-
7/27/2019 Technical Considerations for Deploying Microwave
26/30
Before and After
Before After
egacy a o
Aged analog 2 GHz
xa - .
CarrierTDD
o erne capa y
Low capacity
a ve
Native Ethernet
Software upgradeable
U to multi-T1
Up to 200 Mbps aggregateEthernet throughput
page 26
-
7/27/2019 Technical Considerations for Deploying Microwave
27/30
Keys to Success
>Ability of license-exempt system to offer 99.999%
>Ability of license-exempt system to resist potentialinterference and maintain guaranteed availabilit
>Ability of license-exempt system to support stringent TDM
latency requirements> ty to accommo ate a rap cutover requremen
page 27
-
7/27/2019 Technical Considerations for Deploying Microwave
28/30
About Exalt
> Founded by industry veterans in2004
>
Industry-leading radio productsfor diverse markets anda lications
> Focused exclusively onmicrowave backhaul andconnectivit- Licensed & unlicensed point-to-point
microwave radio systems
- TDD and FDD
- Native TDM & native Ethernet- Carrier-class performance andavailability
- Scalabilit & flexibilit
page 28
-
7/27/2019 Technical Considerations for Deploying Microwave
29/30
Product Portfolio
i-Series
(all-indoor)
s-Series
(split mount)r-Series
(all-outdoor)
page 29
2.4, 4.9, 5, 6, 11 GHz 6 40 GHz2.4, 4.9, 5, 6, 11 GHz 6 40 GHz4.9, 5 GHz
-
7/27/2019 Technical Considerations for Deploying Microwave
30/30
www.exaltcom.com
2009 Exalt Communications Inc. All Rights Reserved. www.exaltcom.com