Technical Drawing 101 with AutoCAD 2014A Multidisciplinary Curriculum for the First Semester

Douglas Smith Antonio Ramirez Jana Schmidt

®

www.SDCpublications.comBetter Textbooks. Lower Prices.SDC

P U B L I C A T I O N S

Visit the following websites to learn more about this book:

CHAPTER ONE TECHNICAL DRAWING 2

OBJECTIVES 2

OVERVIEW 3

1.1 The Origins of Technical Drawing 4

1.2 The Role of Technical Drawing in the Design Process 4

1.3 Training for Careers in Technical Drawing 6

Career Paths in Technical Drawing 7

Qualities that Employers Look for in Drafters 10

Typical Interview Questions 11

Salary Information for Drafters, Architects, and Engineers 11

Job Prospects for Drafters 11

1.4 Three Technical Drawing Success Stories 12

KEY WORDS 13

CHAPTER SUMMARY 13

REVIEW QUESTIONS 14

CHAPTER EXERCISES 15

CHAPTER TWO MULTIVIEW DRAWING 16

OBJECTIVES 16

OVERVIEW 17

2.1 Multiview Drawings 18

2.2 View Selection and Alignment of Multiview Drawings 19

2.3 Using Projection Planes to Visualize Multiviews 19

2.4 Linetypes and Lineweights in Multiview Drawings 23

2.5 Hidden Features and Centerlines in Multiview Drawings 24

2.6 Use Your Imagination! 25

2.7 Visualizing the Multiviews of Basic Geometric Shapes 29

2.8 Orthographic Projection 32

vi TECHNICAL DRAWING 101

2.9 Drawing Objects to Scale 35

2.10 Drawing Architectural Plans to Scale 35

2.11 Drawing Sheet Sizes 36

2.12 Third-Angle Projection versus First-Angle Projection 37

KEY WORDS 38

CHAPTER SUMMARY 38

REVIEW QUESTIONS 39

CHAPTER EXERCISES 40

CHAPTER THREE TRADITIONAL DRAFTING TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES 52

OBJECTIVES 52

OVERVIEW 53

3.1 Traditional Drafting Tools and Techniques 54

3.2 Technical Pencils and Pens 54

3.3 Beginning a Traditional Drafting Project 55

3.4 Drafting Triangles 55

3.5 Drawing Lines with Triangles and Parallel Straightedges 56

3.6 Making Measurements with the Engineer’s, Architect’s, and Metric Scales 58

Reading the Engineer’s Scale 59

Reading the Metric Scale 59

Reading the Architect’s Scale 60

3.7 Converting Units of Measurement 61

3.8 Reading the Protractor 61

3.9 Circle Template 63

3.10 Isometric Ellipse Template 63

3.11 Technical Lettering 71

Developing a Technical Lettering Style 72

KEY WORDS 72

CHAPTER SUMMARY 72

REVIEW QUESTIONS 72

CHAPTER EXERCISE 73

CHAPTER PROJECTS 73

TABLE OF CONTENTS vii

CHAPTER FOUR COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN BASICS 78

OBJECTIVES 78

OVERVIEW 79

4.1 Beginning an Autocad Drawing 80

4.2 Autocad’s Ribbon Interface 80

4.3 Adding Toolbars to the Ribbon 81

4.4 Opening an Existing Drawing 84

Saving a Drawing 84

Performing a Save As 84

4.5 Locating Points on the Cartesian Coordinate System 87

The User Coordinate System (UCS) Icon 88

Absolute Coordinates 88

Relative Coordinates 90

Polar Coordinates 91

4.6 Direct Entry Method of Drawing Lines 93

4.7 Setting the Environment for Autocad Drawings 95

Drawing Units 95

Drawing Limits 100

Layers 101

Turning Layers Off 107

4.8 Zoom and Pan Commands 107

4.9 Autocad Toolbars 109

Draw Toolbar 110

Modify Toolbar 127

Placing and Editing Text 148

Controlling Text Style 151

4.10 Drafting Settings Dialog Box 153

Snap and Grid Tab 155

Polar Tracking Tab 156

Dynamic Input Tab 158

Object Snap Tab 160

4.11 Object Snap Toolbar 161

viii TECHNICAL DRAWING 101

4.12 Properties Command 168

4.13 Inquiry Toolbar 170

4.14 Plotting With Autocad 171

4.15 Creating a Page Setup for Plotting 173

KEY WORDS 176

CHAPTER SUMMARY 176

REVIEW QUESTIONS 176

CHAPTER EXERCISES 177

CHAPTER PROJECTS 185

OPTIONAL CHAPTER PROJECTS 198

CHAPTER FIVE DIMENSIONING MECHANICAL DRAWINGS 204

OBJECTIVES 204

OVERVIEW 205

5.1 Dimensioning Fundamentals 206

Dimensioning Terminology 207

5.2 Dimension Standards for Dimension Placement 207

Recommended Size and Spacing of Dimension Features 209

Text Height and Style 210

Notating Holes and Arcs 211

Dimensioning Angles 212

Ordinate Dimensioning 212

Notes for Drilling and Machining Operations 213

5.3 Dos and Don’ts of Mechanical Dimensioning (ASME Y14.5-2009) 214

5.4 Role of Drafters in the Preparation of Dimensioned Mechanical Drawings 215

5.5 Checking Dimensions

On the Finished Drawing 216

5.6 Design Basics: How Designers Calculate Dimensions 216

5.7 Tolerances 217

Displaying Tolerances on Mechanical Drawings 217

Interpreting Tolerances on Technical Drawings 218

Tolerancing Terminology 220

TABLE OF CONTENTS ix

Interpreting Design Sketch 1 221

Interpreting Design Sketch 2 222

Calculating the Fit Between the Parts in Design Sketches 1 and 2 223

Reference Dimensions 224

Confirming the Tolerances of Manufactured Parts 225

Tolerance Costs 225

5.8 Dimensioning with Autocad 225

Linear Dimension Command 226

Aligned Dimension Command 227

Arc Length Command 227

Ordinate Dimension Command 227

Radius Dimension Command 228

Jogged Dimension Command 229

Diameter Dimension Command 230

Angular Dimension Command 231

Quick Dimension Command 231

Baseline Dimension Command 231

Continue Dimension Command 231

Dimension Space Command 232

Dimension Break Command 233

Tolerance Command 234

Center Mark Command 235

Inspection Command 235

Jogged Linear Command 236

Dimension Edit Command 236

Dimension Text Edit Command 237

Dimension Update Command 237

Dimension Style Command 237

5.9 Defining Dimension Settings with the Dimension Style Manager 239

5.10 Overriding a Dimension Setting 248

Updating a Dimension 248

5.11 Adding a Leader to a Drawing 249

x TECHNICAL DRAWING 101

KEY WORDS 252

CHAPTER SUMMARY 252

REVIEW QUESTIONS 252

CHAPTER PROJECTS 253

OPTIONAL CHAPTER PROJECTS 256

CHAPTER SIX

DIMENSIONING ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS 262

OBJECTIVES 262

OVERVIEW 263

6.2 Determining Dimensions on Architectural Drawings 264

6.3 Architectural Drafting Conventions 264

6.4 Alignment of Dimension Text 266

6.5 Architectural Dimensioning Guidelines 266

6.6 Architectural Dimension Spacing 266

6.7 Adding a Leader to a Drawing 267

KEY WORDS 268

CHAPTER SUMMARY 268

REVIEW QUESTIONS 268

CHAPTER PROJECT 269

CHAPTER SEVEN ISOMETRIC DRAWINGS 274

OBJECTIVES 274

OVERVIEW 275

7.1 Orientation of Lines in Isometric Drawings 276

7.2 Orientation of Ellipses in Isometric Drawings 276

7.3 Creating Isometric Drawings with Autocad 279

KEY WORDS 285

CHAPTER SUMMARY 285

REVIEW QUESTIONS 285

CHAPTER PROJECTS 287

TABLE OF CONTENTS xi

CHAPTER EIGHT SECTIONS 294

OBJECTIVES 294

OVERVIEW 295

8.1 Sections in Mechanical Drawings 296

8.2 Sections in Architectural Drawings 297

8.3 Types of Sections 298

Full Sections 298

Half Sections 299

Broken-Out Sections 301

Revolved Sections 302

Removed Sections 302

Offset Sections 303

KEY WORDS 308

CHAPTER SUMMARY 308

REVIEW QUESTIONS 308

CHAPTER PROJECTS 309

CHAPTER NINE AUXILIARY VIEWS 318

OBJECTIVES 318

OVERVIEW 319

9.1 Visualizing an Auxiliary View 320

9.2 Constructing an Auxiliary View with the Offset Command 328

KEY WORDS 333

CHAPTER SUMMARY 333

REVIEW QUESTIONS 333

CHAPTER PROJECTS 335

CHAPTER TEN BLOCKS 336

OBJECTIVES 336

OVERVIEW 337

xii TECHNICAL DRAWING 101

10.1 Considerations for Creating Blocks 338

KEY WORDS 343

CHAPTER SUMMARY 343

REVIEW QUESTIONS 343

CHAPTER PROJECT 344

OPTIONAL CHAPTER PROJECT 348

CHAPTER ELEVEN MECHANICAL WORKING DRAWINGS 352

OBJECTIVES 352

OVERVIEW 353

11.1 Preparing Mechanical Working Drawings 354

Assembly Drawings 354

Detail Drawings 358

KEY WORDS 360

CHAPTER SUMMARY 360

REVIEW QUESTIONS 360

CHAPTER PROJECTS 361

OPTIONAL CHAPTER PROJECT 370

CHAPTER TWELVE ARCHITECTURAL WORKING DRAWINGS 374

OBJECTIVES 374

OVERVIEW 375

12.1 Floor Plans 376

12.2 Electrical Plans 377

12.3 Elevations 378

Creating Elevations Using Multiview Drawing Techniques 378

Architectural Wall Sections 379

Roof Profiles on Architectural Elevations 379

Using the Floor Plan to Locate Features on Elevations 380

KEY WORDS 381

CHAPTER SUMMARY 381

TABLE OF CONTENTS xiii

REVIEW QUESTIONS 381

CHAPTER PROJECTS 382

CHAPTER THIRTEEN 3D MODELING BASICS 408

OBJECTIVES 408

OVERVIEW 409

13.1 2D versus 3D 410

13.2 Changing the Point of View of an Autocad Drawing 410

13.3 Autocad’s 3D Modeling Environment 411

13.4 3D Modeling Tools 413

Extruding 2D Entities to Create 3D Solid Objects 414

Unioning 3D Objects 415

Subtracting 3D Objects 415

Using the Subtract Command 415

13.5 Rotating 3D Objects 416

13.6 Viewing 3D Objects 416

Using the Free Orbit Tool 416

KEY WORDS 417

CHAPTER SUMMARY 417

REVIEW QUESTIONS 417

CHAPTER PROJECTS 418

APPENDIX A ANSI/ASME STANDARDS 427

APPENDIX B ISO STANDARDS 429

APPENDIX C UNITED STATES NATIONAL CAD STANDARD 431

APPENDIX D GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING BASICS 433

GLOSSARY 437

INDEX 443