Indian Ocean Programme

Technical Reports No. 15

REPORT OF THE JOINT MISSION TO PLAN

DEVELOPMENT OF THE SARDINELLA F'ISHERIES

IN THE BALI STRAIT

IOP /'rECH/77 /15

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME

Rome, December 1977

!!ibliographic entr,y_

Joint Mission to Plan Development of the Sardinella Fisheries in the Bali S·~rai t ( 1977)

Tech.ReQ. Indian Ocean Programme, (15):51 p. Report of the •••

Artisanal fishing. Catch/effort. Exploitation. Fishery qevelopment. Fishery economics. Fishery products. Fishery resources. Fishery statistics. Fishing gear. Fishing harbours. Fishing vessels. Marketing. Processing fishery products. Quality control. Resource management. Sociological aspects. Sardinella longiceps. ISEW, Bali Strait.

- iii

SUMMARY

This report has been prepared by an FAO/IOP Mission to East Java, Indonesia, as a result of its investigation of the development pro­spects of the fisheries for Indian oil sardine (Sardinella longiceps) in the Bali Strait. The technical details of the present fishery are dealt with, including the economics of the various operations, landing facilities e.nd marketing and processing arrangements.

The fishery has expanded considerably in recent years through the introduction of a large number of purse seiners, a development which, given the limited nature of resources, now threaten the traditional fisheries which provide a living for a large number of fishermen.

The Mission recommends that no more purse seiners be brought in until investigation of the resource shows whether or not it can sus­tain heavier fishing. Detailed proposals for the technical improve­ment of the existing craft and gear are presented and recommendations made with respect to the development of the infrastructure and the improvement of marketing operations. Credit facilities and institu­tional changes needed to facilitate these improvements are recommended.

I.

II.

III.

IV.

v.

VI.

VII.

VIII.

- iv -

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

FISHING VESSELS IN THE BALI STRAIT

A. B. c.

Description Construction Present Engine Installation

DESCRIPTION OF FISHING GEAR IN THE BALI STRAIT

A. B. c.

Purse Seine (pukat cincin) Seine Net (payang) Light-Fishing Equipment

FISHING EFFORT AND RESOURCES IN THE BALI STRAIT

A. Fishing Effort B. Estimated Catch c. Fishing Season D, Fishing Areas E. Statistical Data of the Fishery F, Resources as Related to Fishing Effort

ECONOMICS OF FISHING OPERATIONS

A. B.

Purse Seine Payang Oras

LANDI.NG AND SHORE FACILITIES

A. B.

Mun car Bali

MARKETING AND PROCESSING

A. Mun car B. Bali c. Prices D. Ice

RECOMMENDATIONS

A. Resources B. Fishing Gear and Methods c. Vessels D. Landing - Shore Facilities E. Economic Assessment

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Annex I-1 Annex I-2 Annex II-1 Annex II-2 Annex II-3 Annex II-4 Annex II-5 Annex II-6 Annex II-7 Annex III-1 Annex III-2 Annex III-3 Annex III-4 Annex III-5 Annex III-6 Annex III-7 Annex III-8 Annex III-9 Annex III-10 Annex IV-1 Annex IV-2 Annex V-1 Annex V-2 Annex V-3 Annex V-4 Annex V-5

Annex V-6

Annex V-7

TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont. d)

References • • • • • • • • • • • • It inera..ry o o a o o o o o o o 0 o 0 o o o o o 0 o o o o o

General Arran'gement • • • • • • • • • • • • • Lines and Table Offsets • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Proposed Leeboard • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Construction Details • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Engine Installations • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Proposed Inboard Engine Installation • • • • • • • Joints Details • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Types of Fishing Gear in Use in the Bali Strait •••••• Present Design of Purse Seine (No. 1) • • • • • • ••• Present Design of Purse Seine (No. 2) •••••••••••• Specifications of a Typical Purse Seine in the Bali Strait •••• Small Seine (Payang Oras) Design) • • • • • • • • Construction Specifications of Small Seine Net • • • • • • Minnow Seine Net • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Proposed Purse Seine for Light Fishing in the Bali Strait •••• New Design Made by BUUD Technician for Sa:rdinella Longioeps • • • Proposed Surrounding Ring Net for Light Fishing • • • • • • Phased In Production of Fifty Purse Seine Units ••••••••• Strait of Bali • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ••••• Itemized Cost of Purse Seine Number 1 • • • • • • • • • • Itemized Cost of Purse Seine Number 2 • • • • G G O 0

I·temized Cost of Proposed Purse Seine • • • • • • • • • ••• Itemized Cost of Proposed Purse Ring Net • • • • • • Capital Expenditures, Costs and Earnings of a Purse Seine Unit in the Bali Strait • • • • • • • • • • • ••••••••••• Capital Expenditures, Costs and Earnings of a Payang Oras without Engine in the Bali Strait • • • • • • • •••••••••• Capi ta.l E:x:pendHures, Costs and Earnings of a Payang Oras with Engine in the Bali Strait • • • • • • • ••••••••••••

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I@ INTRODUCTION

Su.:rv®y a:nd in small~calo fishing pelagic fishingo Tho lattor of' 1976

~ 1

of' tho fishoriQ1!s for Indbn oil sardindla in the Bali :S"Grai't originatad through a, ro-

t~ of Indoi1ol'lia 'to the Indian Ocoa:n Fishory called for tho sorvicos of two FAO Consulta:nts

end voss®l mochanizationw r®spoctively~ ®specially for approv<!'ld in mid-1976 and thl'!I Mission was plannod for thll!l

Th<ill obje:H::tivos of th® Mis1Sion W®re clir~cm;ised wi,th th<!! Directorat®={lenll!lral of Fisheries (DGF) by Jche Proj\llct Manag@l' a:nd Economist of tho Fish®rieis Devdopm@mt a:nd Managem1mt Project in Jakarta ( INS/72/064) o It wa,s that th®so two sb,ff' mombil!lrs should join th® Mias ion in ordll!lr to provid(!I th1~ neoll!lsse,<ry aJJ.d Monomios be,okstopping to th<!! findinga and re!l-Colllllil!'lnda,tions of 'th® A sll!lnio:t' ooun,Gll!lrpart offio®r from the Directorat®={leneral of Fishories also was assigned to 'Gh<§! Misf11ion to ha,n.dlll!l liaison and trem11lation requirements0 A p'ilriod of one month was scheduled to complete thl!l Mission report two weeks of fact-finding in the Bali stra,it aJ1d the balano© in Jak8~rta for thli'.l preparei,tion of' e, comprehensive report0

Mro JoL" D:iJibi:i 9 F'AO Pro (Marbrt:ing) Mr,, So Comitini 9 Il1AO Pro Eoonomit:it (Economics) Mro SoOo Jonsscm, FAO Commltarrt (V<!!lssd Mechanization) M:t'o G,, Pa jot~ FAO Consultarrt ( Gl"la,r Technology) Mr" S1n1i to~ Sub~Direo'tO:t" of Exploratory :S'1xrveys w Direoto1"'e,t®={leneral

of' Fisheri<'Hil (Liaison eJ'1d Transla,'tion)

It wa,s ·that conl3id®rabb info:I'!'IW,tion was e,vailabl® on the sa:rdinella resources of the Bali from the siu;veys by the 'QNJJP/FAO vesse;t LEMURU and the captain's and biolo-gist 0 s reports,,, Some baokerrotmd information m} the marketing of the sardinella and the socio­economic aspects of the Munoar fishing community area was also available from recent reports pited in -Annex I~l"

Before departing to the Bali stra,it area 9 the Mission members W19re bri®fed by the DGF staff in Jakarta, on th<lil present situation and of ll!lXploitation of the sardinella fishery from s-tatistioc1 e-nd info1vma'tion available at that time.,

1,, To di'aW up a phased development plall for the rational exploitation of the Sl:);rdinella, :t'eSOU1'CCH~ of Bl'l~li strait, taking into consideration that, aa far IMil is known, this is a, stock confined to the Strait 9 with the involve-ment of a very oommuni ty based in Be-_nyuwangi and Mun.car on the eas"i:; coast of Java 1:JJ1d from the Bali coast who traditionally fish the resource ufiling l'Jmall sail11oats and prir11itive gll!lar;

2 0 Major wa,s to 'bi!l placed on 'technolog'ical a,specta, such as improvll!ld fishing &i1d mechanization of e:idf:Jting :fi.shing craft to improve their rangll!l efficiency of without upsetting the present aooio-economic atatus of the community, to tha semdtivity of ~che fishermen to introduction of new and vessalB into the axea; and

rro take into Mcount increa,sed prodmYt ion, a:nd i t!!J u:l timate

and economic facto1's which would arise with rela,tE:Jd to quality of ·the fish landed

'[1!0 lnJc;;t n mul 0 ·ro 0,, purm°l !'ieine

·two ,1,"'·"""•"I"> 'boe:h1 in 'thG :Bali Strai't F:b:•st ·there var'imrn

'Gh9 cJe are on d:t':i'i.r®n scdl and a. ha.VE!

thGre ho at a ~ altmg the 1 rrne

r.fu.dura.o~k~~~ no bontye.:i:•ds in the :Bali Stre,it aree, and ·the in Madut'a0 '.Phe tUJd mainti:dn 'the 'bcn:d;B on thE! beaolH'IS@

of v;:;;rious but th\'1 tll(H3t

m moulded depth@ i'hesei are ·11i:Jc>d for ·!;he :Bocrtf"j of 11.,5 m LOA 9 3"0 m 11ncl

~~~-

'lxni:tKJ of 12 m LOA~ 3"1 m beam, of nets Bea nex'l'J seo'don)

in onto th~J

3 m beam~ , 11net boa;t 11 in

:i:~econdi,d~cmed

of' a few ~~;;~

Mecl11m:l.;;,od purse r'1eine u11i'l;s owned by canmiries in Mmice.r in and ·the vessels and nets Clovet'n!llont esta,blished a

July 19740 'l'hif! rorml·t;od in rJEn'tour3 diso:t•de:r-B b•rtween

19'(4o in July 1975 (BmJJJ) an to fonua:tion of

... ~~~~

Mni:H:J£rt' to f!lem1)®X' and pu.:i:•1:m iaeim~fJ through et loru1 scheme" i:rrtroduc<UJd in the Muncar areao Wi'f;htn 10 mont:hr'lv 54

add:i'tionv

e, similar thll'lre

the Ba,li

on the Bali coailrt i:n the Jembrai:1a tu1its0 Thus 9 thore are 99

consis'Ging· of two boa'hl and one li a,."ld 50 · boci,tl'l workin.g in

Mnnoe}:o 1J:h0 ·iwtaJ. :mr.m1J~ir of 30 ·~~Jlil 'CW'~~~

boa'ts ·f;he outrigger eanmm wi'ilh out1Joa'l:'d. in ,~he BeJ.i e,'t 2780

tlrn:!; zo,tion in St1'ait 11tarlt~d just ju~r'c w thin is o, oonr~iderabl.e o,chievm11ent0

J),,

'I'lw 'bmi:hi 1mi.'!:1~ of a local (poBedbly ~~~~~,.~~~-:;! In tiw ooxiffb'\Wt:l.onq VGJ:cy few iron are ·to fa,s·ter1 bcrn;1; bu.:i.lde:i:•rJ do :not lwe 9 and build the boat tlrn ln1~i1 nnfl lowor <>f the stem and with 1/2 dia,moter doweh, 10~15 om k!hm1 and. fi well mnall the pla.nk

}),re fi'tt<Jd ·to ·the k©E1l"

Beoured with twt)

D.i:ld

i\J!:i'!®X

J!'o:t'

Sk:otche~J l'!;nd 001wtruct ion d®to,ils 1'!,I'e li:lhown in

a"t a,f)OH.t :z ·~h<'3 o:•.>aok

is completed ir1 the sam0 1-rn.y wi'th e.i~e heated over a11 opet1 fire; the.i in!llides

while hoa/Ging1 mnall of wood ThhJ il?J usually done wii;h wire ua,ils0

and oaullted"

:i..t;; VOl"ij'

dne to au r:ihmm in

dowelled together. often To

nail@d ewross the plcu1k If 'the plank f':lpli·h,

and ic.'I of

'brn:i;ts hi olai!:ded ·to (1enor<1.l

Acrof'!ls the l)O!ltt 9 aft of station 7 9 a strong wooden beam is mounted with a ateel-bushed hole in ·the otrler 1:md to receive a, peg from th<:i frame 0

T'ne engine rru:nu1ted il'I eithm' a Yanmar (5-6 hp, 2 000/2 400 RPM) stationary diesel engine, or a a.nd 5'tratton stationary petrol/parafin engine.. The latter are reconditioned engines since importing new ®ngines if3 ncr'G a,llowed" A fraJne of angle iron is fabricated with a peg (to fit the hole in the beam) and a pivot so the engine can be til't0d., The engine is bolted on this moveable frame ..

A 3 m propeller shaft is fastened directly to the flywheel end of the crankshaft, or a 16 mm V-belt ptLJ.ley of 135 mm diameter is fal!!tened to the crankshaft and anothe1• pulley of 108 mm diameter is fastened cm ·the end of the propeller sha,ft and connected with two belhe

111he propelle:t' h ti'fo-bladed (7! in - 8 in diam~1;er) a11d the _engine is tilted until tbe propelle:t' is underwater. A sketch of a typical engine installation is shown in Annex II-5.,

III. DESCRIPTION OF FISHING GEAR IN TliE BALI STRAIT

The main of fishing gear used in the Bali strait, including the eastern coast of Java and the coa£3t of Bali, are listed with I11doneaia:n names in pare·ntherses in Annex III-1,, Since ·this report iii! concerned specifically with the sardin®lla, fishery in the Bali strait, only the significant fishing geai• related to that fishery will be disoussede

Although purse seine nets used in Bali st1•ait are of similar design, due to the lack of 11know-how11 in gear design, no two nets have similar construction specifica,tions,,

The designs of two pa1vticular nets presently used in the Bali strait are shown in Annexes III-2 and III-3a Based on measurements of the two nets, specifications for a typical pm'se seine net are given in Annroc III-4,, These observations disclosed various shortcomings ill design, aelection of materials and rigging and construction:

1 ..

The present design uaee relatively too much netting, resulting in unnecessary extra cost., 'I'he dep'Gh l'Jhould reduce from the centre towards bo·th ends.. The ends should be tapered to ease gear and fish handling at the bag end and reduce construction cost.,

2 ..

The netting presently used is of various meshes and twine sizes withotrl technical justification., Mo:t'e ra:tional choice of material would result in lower coat of the gear., For further coBt reduction, knotlesa netting should be used for the main bodyo Thie is recommended whenever available,, The netting on ·the proposed new design in Annex III-8 should rer:i,d knotted emd/or lmotlei:;is"

3.,

A high di13creps.ncy was obse:r"Ved in the hanging netting which wa,s uneven along the float a.nd le!'?,d lines 9 resulting in diatortion and tears of gear.,

The above-deso,ribed net is a one-bo21,t design., In this instance, however, the fishing operation differa alightly, ainoe the assie-ting "fish carrier" b·oa,t is also used for pursing ·the net" When the seine boat has completed setting the net, one end of the purse line is tied to the mast and the loose end, which goes through an iron ring fastened to the same mast, is passed fo the fhh can·ier which 1:1tarts pulHng the puraing rope,, This type of operation has the combined effect of pursing and holding the Beine boat out from the net at the same time,,

~· 4

'I'hi~~ seine is 'by fru' 01xtrnrnib®:i:'i'll thr~ crl;heI'IB,.

tr1:otmaLu1.1t. nl'rl; wiJ~h cod

constx·ucrt ion .Am:iex III~lO"

:t&l tmod" i!'he

w ifj

Am1a.11: III""'5 ~ d•iiiadl13 of not h ill urertr.f!:ted in

is u.sed. only ilJ. ·bhe area@ Althoug'.a of oitnilex· ·the same type \Joat 9 thh ~al" difforl':l 'by 'being slightly

d:iff«'u:ence is in ·tha of maJGcirial used; mim1ow cloth (~all r:ie,ck woven the gee;r,, Allfilo for only natural fibre rope irJ

minnow seine net :h eiho1'm rn Annex III-'7.,

than ·the othe1' ·two; ita ll'l:ngth 01:1n re~wh 350 m., It is boa:t (10~12 m) using se.il 1)l1d engine conibined.. 'l1he design

othel" seines,, Ma~1erials involved in ccmstr11ction are mai:nly ne;f;u:r1 al f'ibre; w lei~;velf!l of t:reetJ " Milmow netting is alE.Jo commonly mied for th!;l cod emd0

f(lhe ·i;h!'ee seine netl['J (erJ1)cacially the snd medium lfilize 11ets) are used in conjunction with preflt:'illl:'l!l lamp) du.rLng ,~he nigh'G and during da;y·time on lfilighting a school o:f fisho

All over Bali strait 9 when.ever light e;ttre,<:rGion ia used for fishing 9 kerosene presfJm'e of 300c~400 candl<:J powe:r are used,,

up ·to e:L'lt lamps are lit '9,t ·the same time@ Four e;re fitted to a. c&noe 9 post:1ible from the l)oa,t" Two e:t'e occatc1ionelly fitted on the tradi'tional ~I1hif1 me·thod hafk1 been uaed from the inception of light fishing in ·the

a:t'e used ·to add more light@

I:n the m11:lne :U(clt (.~~~) fishe:r·y 9 usually only two kerosene pres•n1re are used with ·the timber raft@ The t is held into position while sett the net with the help of a, rope and 1n1!Jlboo

o:f:fo:r•t o:f' the purae fJeit'1e fishing fleet, i·eference we,s made to mg ·the mnm. Production cle;ta from "~he inception of the pur1&e

ave,i11:1.ble from ·this However 11 <immal cfa;ta were not e.vi::dlable tm:l.t1'3 since their introduction was i~e.:ient and i:n~ as shown in the

Introduction of Purse· Seine Uni tEJ in Mun.car through BUUD

August 1975 October 1975 December 1975 June 1976

10 10 20 10

Total -10 20 40 50

No data for other units from Muncar and Bali were available., A unit is taken as reference ~d consists of three boats: (a) a purse seinerf (b) a fish car:r•ie1• and (c) a light-boat (canoe).,

The total production of 50 (BUUD units) up to 12 November 1976 was 16 518 t., Production for each purse eeine unit for the entire period is giv.en in Annex IV-L.

From records of f'i Bhing days fo:t' two purse seine units, as t!!ho'Wn in Table ,1, 20 fishing ds;rs per month are taken as the average ..

Catch Perf o:nna:nce of 2 Selected Purse Seine Uni ta (a and b)

~toh (tons) Catch ~tonslL~ Fishin& D~s a b a b a b

December 1975 84 20 305 0.,9 24 21 January 1976 70 43 2@9 1 .. 8 24 24 February 1976 58 34 2 .. 5 1~7 23 21 March 1976 80 47 3.,7 109 21 25 April 1976 54 4 2.,5 o .. 3 21 12 I;'{ey 1976 33 10 2 .. 0 o .. 6 16 17 June 1976 72 14 3.,2 0 .. 7 22' 18 July 1976 66 11 4.,2 0,,7 16 16 August 1976 16 47 o,,8 206 19 17 September 1976 24 7 1 .. 4 003 17 21 October 1976 72 14 2 .. 6 006 28 25

B.,

The estimated catch of the purse seine fleet in Bali strait was initially determined by calculating the average catch o:t a single unit from catch data of the 20 units operating during the period 12 December 1975 and 12 November 1976 l:l.nd multiplying by the 99 unite fishing.,

The annual catch for the 20 units during this period was 7 600 te Thus, the average catch per unit was 380 t., and the total catch for the purse ·seine fleet would be estimated at 37 620 te However, as shown in Annex IV-1 9 since the catch rate of the last 10 units was lower than the previous 40 units, the total catch of the purse seine fleet can be con­servatively estima,ted at 32 OOO t•-

c ..

Traditionally, the fit!!hing season for eardinella occured from September to March., With the introduction of purEie ~eining 9 this seasonal pattern can no lon~r be considered typical., Some unit!!! have had record catches in July and 9 ae shown in Table 2, the fishing season has been considerably extended., This is an indication that the sardinella stock is most

•r•hif'l io a Vl'il:t'ifj.ca/don of the sw:'voys liy tho vel!:H:;iel LElMURU which have oleal'ly domomJJGra~ "G~ld ·that a rJa:i:'dinolla, 11rtook is always presen·b, especially in the f3outhe1'71 part of the Ba,li StJ.'e,i't"

Meclui:nhw;tion haJ:1 had the effeo·b of extending the ·traditional fishing area,, specifically for sardinellae The new unib have the range capabili'ty (30-35 miles) of exploiting the whole area of the Bali 5vGrai t, opei•ating from the fishing centres of Munca,r on the Jave. side with 54 units end from Pengambengen wi'th 45 units on the Bali sideo A map of the'! fishing aroei, is shown in Annex IV~2.,

course of the Mission, detailed information was acquired from provincial and offices, a:nd direct observations on numbers of fishermen and fishing

ix1 the Bali StraH,, This info:r111a;tion is summa:rized in the following table

Ii'ishing Opera.tions in the Be~li strait

~

Ntunbe:J of Vessels

Purse Aree, 8• ·I 1 M"' .or Seine

Fishe:rmen "

4-7 m 8-12 m 5-7 m 8-12 Ill Units

Eaf.!'t Java

Banyuwangi 750 200 54 - 8

Munca;1' 8 755 394 533 - 218 * 54

Wes1; T~n 1 i

Jembrana 2 180 1 640 - 20 90 45 Ba.dung l 660 1 580 30 -

To"'~a.1 13 345 3 814 587 50 316 99

* Includes 30 s~iling or mechanized vessels

Th(~ number of vessels used for the newly-introduced purse seine oper@/Gions include 198 meoha11ized vessels in ·!;he 8-12 m ol@,ss and 99 sailing vessels in ·~he 4-7 m class which are used as ·the ligh"~boa;l;s for each of the 99 two-bo@;I; purse seine units. The pr!'!sent catch of the purse seine unib is estimated, at approxima·tely 320 OOO t. of sardinella (lemurn).

It is •!H:rtirnB:ted that an, addi'tional 20 OOO t o:f sardinella are caught by the 4 402 ~~-·~~~·D vessels and 168 motorized vessels fishing for sardinella on both sides of the strait,, IJ:•hus~ the bulk of ·the ei:rtima;ted catch irs caugh·t by the 99 newly~introduced pu:rBe seine units

out of Munce;!' :In Ea~;it; Java and J@mbrana in Wes·~ Bali.,

'I~1is ~rtudy focmies on the sa;rdinella fishery in '~he Bali st11 ai·t and doei;; not attempt an evalue:tion of o't.her r<H~OlU'c€m available to the lB.rge fleet of veBsels based in the Straite

Until rece:l:l:tly~ the only estimate of the Eiardinella stock in the Bali stri:dt waB based on the UNDP/FAO Explo:ratory Survey of the Bali strait beginning in 1973 and concluding in June 19760 These were given as 50 OOO t ~jtanding stock as a firi:rt provisiond eBtimate (Bja;r'ne,son, 1976; Ven0me., 1976).,

A rl()oent repm"t basecl on an acouatio sU1'V0y of the Bali strait by the M/V BAWAL PUTIH I estimates a. range of the i;:rt;;i;r1ding stock of !:lardinelh, at 220 OOO t (T., Sujastani 9 et al),, 'I'hes0 are oomlide:t'ably higher than tho ea:dier e1:rtimat€l and would appeax to call for 'SOine upwe:rd revision h1 the Mission ° a estima,te of the standing stook0 j}

~'he tre,di t iona,l fishery was based on the use of the Ef:YMg net and scoopnet s with light attraction and non-mechanized sailboats.. The ca:tch from these operations has been roughly estimated at 20· OOO t.. ~'he season for sardinella using ~0 eooopnets 0 etc., 0 ie, however 0 only from Sapteraber to March alld restrio·ted to a limit®d fishing are<h Echo and sonar traces show tha.t ·thlil major atock is prl!lsl!ln:t throughout the year but located to ·the south a,nd ea.at of the Stra,i:te This 0 however, i1:1 outside the range of the saill)oat fleet and at a depth not reached by the net ..

!u1y increase in the numbar of licensed purse seine units 0 or introduction of a larger vessel using a ptu'se seine, or even an incr0ase in the eize of the present purse seine net, may lea,d to overfi!:lhing and a consequent reduction of the stock., 'I'he more efficient purse eeine uni ts 9 fi!llhing to a greater depth, and increasing their range through m0chanization, have been able to extend the fishing season throughout the yeiu:·., 'I'he new units are already taking a, far share of the sardinella stock than the traditional fishing vessele., This 1•ai1Jes a serious queErtion as to the future of the very large fishery and its economic viability (see Section v).

It is not possible at this stage to identify the seasonaJ.i·ty of the sardinella. by size, a.nd it is likely ·that several a,ge groups appear during different months., Fii:lhing immature fish (not suitable for canning or other proceasing) could affect subsequent catches and the continued produc'tivi ty of the fishery., According to the l)iologiat 0 s report on the Bali strait 11Data on sizes are tWailable, but have not bMn presented hereo An analysis of the size composHion is essEm'cial to understand the biology of the species, and to determine whether there r:iliould be a:n.y restriction on the fishery or not., Most likely the fish will be too small for canning dtu'ing ce:t~tain months, and should n<rt be fished at that time., A small local research facility equipped with a em.all vessel (LEMURU 2) would be necessary to collect data. for a ra:tional exploi·taUon of this unique r<Hiource" (Vanema, 1976).,

V. ECONOMICS 011' FISHING OPERATIONS

obtain detailed into:ff!l.ation on estimated o&pital E>Xpenditures within each ot fishing operation in the to V-7., These estimates were prepared by

H~1t:T"'11.i: Indonesia and BUUD in channelling oredi t to "'""'~¥~•"'"' be ntlu11r oonel!lrvative.,

An i temb0d listing of thti) coat of me.terials to constl'uc·t each of two typical purse seine nets is shown in Aru1exes v.;,,,1 and 17-2,, Fol:' convenience 9 these ;;i,re listed as No., 1 and No., 2,,

It should be noted that the sardinella stock may be subject to large yearly variations as in ~iimilar species shows,.

'I'he p:rimaril y to the~

. ;rv.:i.i;o:Pial J/ Noo 1 (Hp" 1 462 OOO) aB fo nwt

ut3e made of 6-ply nylon mirnh (aEJ No" 2 (Hpo 1 183 700) is due

3·=p1y· nylon mesh) foz· tho

'11he f'ollowh1g is a frnnraar·y of ·the capital expenditure and annual costf3 and a typical pm:·1~0 rm:ine unit (fm' detailf~ Boe Annex V=5)

Ct1pital investment (fixed and working capital) n.%.~'·"'·'-ing oxpem3€H3 (fuel g oil 9 food9 etc.,) Bua:inevm i~xpens<Hl (ma:in:l;enanco w deprecia;tion 9 licence~ fee 9 Ertc..,) Value e>f CD,tch (140 t x Rp., 50/kg.,) Au.c·l;fon fGo (5% of catch value) Crew/enterprise share 50/50 of net income Net profit to en,cerprise

3 675 OOO 905 500

l 852 750 7 OOO OOO

350 OOO 2 872 250 l 019 500

for·

'1'hifJ uni"G 9 lWing purse seine No., 1, has a.:n a,vera.ge ra.te of retux·n on capi·tal inverrtment of 28 percon·1'0 Use of pm'se seine No,, 2 alte1•s the rate of re'1atr:n in the following wa;yg

are lowered by approxima;tely Rp., 280 OOO., However·, due to use of 3"~ply nylon mesh in the netting material, e.nnual repair and maintena,nce cost increases by Rpe 160 OOO and amn:ii;i,l dep:tecia,tion cost increases by about Rp0 9'7 0000 Thus 9 the a.verage rate of return on capital investment for a purse seine unit using net No" 2 is 22 perceirto Since thi!Hs{l two nets are~ more or less 9 of equal effectivenetfls in catching sardinella~ it is no,~ lmol'rn how they he.vo come to exist side by i:iide,.

Th~J proposed purse seine net (see Annex V~3) lowers capital coat by Rp .. 225 OOO compared to ne·b No" l a.lid is approximately the same coat as net

Noo 20 With a life, annual depreoiaUon cost is lower by almos·t Rp0 100 OOO compared "to net No., l and lower by approximately Rp., 195 OOO compared to net No. 2,, In ad.di:tion~ ·to net No,. 2 9 annual repair and maintenance cost is lower by Rp" 160 0000 A purse SE'line unit adopting the proposed newly-designed purse seine net would have an avera,ge :r·a:te of retm"'n on capi·ba,l investment of 33 percent.,

As described in Section III? there a,r,a two Strait sardinella Since the proportion of other fish species, "the &;;;~:;;;.Q specifically concerned wi'ih improvements

other main fishing gears used in the Baii is used for catching a relatively high and the recommendations made 1 will be

fishing operations.

'l'he following accoun'~ gives a BU1lll1la.ry of ·the capital expenditm'es and annual costs and E?iarnings for a ·typical enterprise without engine power (for de"ta,ils see Annex V-6) ~

1. Capi tt:d inves'cment (fixed and working capiti:il) 2o expenses 3 BnsineriD expenses 4 Value of catch (35 t x Rp0 30/kg) 50 Auction fee (5% of catch value) 6 share (4/12 of net) 7" Net profit to enterprise

•):ho of rstu:rn on invo!!ltment of thi a thEl Iltil,li Sh'ai'I; <1~dinell©l. fhhecy

and 1,M111ual cof~·ta m1d ._,.,,,,,.,.,,.,,.,_ detaila so® .Arm.~ \f,.=7) g

lo Capj,. ta,l inv©~tm.on·t 2o expenses

621 800 51 Boo

215 OOO 1 050 OOO

52 500 315 234 100 234

~ 820 OOO 25;5 500

se in power,

€1,l'e Ill.Ii! :follows

9

3o Dml:l.:ne88 expel'.UJl'Hil 4o V~,hMil of' 0131;toh (42 ·t Rpo 50/kg)

Auotion feo (5% of oa,toh val1uil) erun"e (7/13 of n12ort)

7 o to

With 'the ad,option of th® power 9 thl'll ave:l;'age

2 100 OOO 105 OOO 936 654 255 154

i!!Ol'Oaf;OFJ '&o 31 (sea Annex V-7). Aotually 9 'Gl1e rate of retu:r'l! on oapi'bal imrestml'llnt oatoh inoreasl'!ls only moderately, by

7 ·IJ per ')~he main of the is in the substantial roduotion in time to and. from ·the fi , when landed, are of top quality and 'Gh1:uoi cmo.r11&1d a bl'llttl'ill" price ·f;ha_n :fish ·""'*"'"'"'""

propoHd purse net (13\!'le Annez V-5) would &Jiju1irt 'Ghe ooets """"Jl,·.u.~u 1,,.,. of th® (with the following wa;y3 Capital invest111e:nt in-

L'~""~~, .. by Rp. 260 080 OOO. el3timate is made for inoreasing the oa.toh to 70 t pl'!r e.t Rp. the valu® of the oatoh :l.noreasM to Rp. 3 500 OOO. ?lo bi fore~J<YH~n in net and 001~,h. Annual ooliJt will in-

700 to Rp. 102 700~ ©tsmlllling lifiil fo:i.• the purse ring net. This annual budnel\ils e1"'Penses to Rp. 764 200. the aha.re of the net prooeed121 to

the ino:t"eal!mt:ll by 716 153 to Rp. l 652 808 i:u1(l net profi·t riseEJ to Rp. l 303 2230 'l1l1e re,te of return investment 'thu!!J risos to 82 indicating 'd1at the in:trocluotfon of' the purw3e nl'!t ie Nl eoonomiol!l.lly viabhl investment.

Number 2 New

tQble i'lhows the income (groH) to the orew membf!ir<J &n.d to the entel"-of operation previously disoua<1ed3

Income of Fishermen ll'J:Ad from Operations in the Bali Strait (in Rpo)

2 871 750 2 871 750 2 871 750

630 466 802 846

l 416 692

:t~ :r10 d:Lff\z~re:r1oe in tb.e net d:U':fa:•;4%1nt ptU'.'li'll'!l sdnes sinoe the &Uld OOl'i!t!!J0

239 312 2 871 750 239 312 2 871 750 239 312 2 871 750

78 808 315 234 100 355 936 654

117 086 l 652 808

the orew ~~d to the be'G-czitrn"'"''t ilill in oapital expand! turel!'llw main-

in net to the orew and to ~till morew with the it1tr~duction of the

income per crew member ilill RP 177 OOO w ~ill not quite to crew member's income

u:1.71om~<iC1LB to the ie lower than for a purse Ql'JXpeittctJL tt1;i;e md anntml i:ixpensEH!l are th<!!i :r1'l.te of return

wll.th both e.nd nete

!!iil t b®ooh with f'lhallow wahr wbioh clri~Hil out at low ffa·ter lt:P ·to 300 m@rh~®!!J from shore.

'I1hir1 mnch re r:r!;rio'' Fi 'i;he rm:rvenmrrt of 'thee! 1H:iat i:1

A:i; low 'i;id0i 'bulk of 'the fl<'llc~'i:; ii:i <i}itho:P at i; :t•im~ of the tide l)efor€1 'to

;;i, very neoe~J<~r:t:t'Y Be:<:"vioe :ln on 'chfiil crta;tE:J of ·l;hEi 'Gid.00

O'.l.' :l:'rom s 'l;h{:i

m1 the 'thoB€")

wafil oonst:t•uctod in 'tl10 C(!lntre of ·the beach which &Ajoins the main ror~.d imd the l'<'iYJid.Ei:i:weB of the w:irih and southo A

lrnilt up 'to ·the beach on the &muthl3:t·n side of 'the 9 ~Gtu:ninfi: along ·the tlu~ ba;nk of a shallow inlet

JU; ~ fish aJ:'<!!l landed a:~ many ~~;l;il botJ;ta -'~o the old fish marke·I; :b1 'the no:t'thern sec'~ ion of' 'the l)ea,ch and 'hhe p1x1·r:~e m"Ji:ne veEH>els le>clld a:t the netif aucti<m s:Ul~i of i;he1

other ou:tbrts hall behind the

from ·the beach~ whib wa.11 on ·the southe:r·n

2 OOO now

l'lOt3A11on :f~rom

for pur•-ie seine un:i.ts@

to appro:dmately boa;h and is

~"'~~

'J1rnr€fi is vimtal evidence of 001113id01'able flil ting of the 'beach on ·the sou:thern sid<!l of thi<l caused by mu:·rc:nrh deflecrtion from the pier i'tself and the rivo:t outflow into ~~he.> 1Jlil,y to

so1x!ih,, 'I1lu~ hnt1 no·t 1Jeen com1trtW'ted arJ a be1'th but as a sheltox' from nol'~h winds 'the monfiloon"' !'ta U.l:lefulnot'ls appear!'!! to be vor-y doub'tful and it

is coxrtribu:ting ·to silting.,

It ts KIOW pi'opom:)d to e:idond the pier 9 iJ1 i'is present form, a fu:r·ther 300 m in U11e) K'lame diPE~fftion am•omi 'the be1:M)h0 The pi~1r i~J buiH with a fla;t oa,useway on top and sloping i:.iideB to 'l;lH1 e1ri:l;l'll'~ cornplel'~ely blocking oi.u"ren·t or tided flow along its length,. This causes scouring on thr~ no:reft;hern sid.v~ and sil'ting on the leesid0 F.xtensicm of the 8i10,che:r• 300 m will cex,to,inly hwrear:m thin phenomenon, particvJ,lU'ly silting opposi:te 'the propoiiled main la:nding IJ.'t0 (l8,o

If , ~;e:riou!Zl co:nsidera·tion shc:ntld be given to "piling' the ·extension 'to the could ·'t;hen be used. for unloading and

pileEl and :reduc:L:ng the shel tGJ1~ fo1' boats ..

yet pen11itJci11g unrestricted water Piles will also dampr'm wave acrl;ion to

tJho:re :facilii;ies ha,ve been plenn€'ld for ,che opEm area which adjoins the wall,, '.I1l1erJe include all the esseni;ia,ls fo1• a major fish landh1g

berthing and include~ (a) amrUon hall; (b) ice plan·~ and cold wa'~ex· vrnpply fmd oelec·i;ricity; (cl) worlrnhop; ( e) net shed; (f) canteen;

(g) adui:bd.r'ltr113;ive of:fie1:rn; (h) btmkg and (i) mosquee

1I1he loceJ;fo:n of Mmwarw with its wide beach and shallow water approachg will I'fHJh':i.ct tlw area ·!Jo r:small boat fishery" IJ''he wh.010 shoreline if3 qui·te 1.llHmitable ±'or the con~t1~udion of any wa,ter ltmding facilities; therefore 9 the planned landing complex 11hould '1~h€! n<:HHl•~ of the pr0si:mt flee~c for ·f;he ne:id decade 01' more.,

'l'11e G<lJ:'lier recornm~mdation for piling ·the e:e1~e:nsion would 't the uae of the ®:&:tension for catchefil as the boa,ts lie:i.yth The carrying baskets could 'Ghen b<:i hoteted d.bqectly onto the deck of the t::md carried to the aucticm ha.11 on a,

tz5urfe.ce" '11his would :i:•educe •Au"'v"'"'""'~ time and be bss 'burdensome on ·the 1J11 icG ii!'! ay,tablished 9 he loaded qufokly from the pier direfftly

'boatr'1" :fuel ~r!;ores pltrn :remove,l of the m1i:t1ZJ would ·thout 'th the

'I'he Bali co a ITT; of ·the Strait i e completely to the south and southwest 9 from Kuta (B&~dung) ·to Prenoelt ( Jemhre.na)" Only verr:,y small boats can be launchecl from the 1,eaoh0

'llhe:i.•e are four fishing villages located 'V<ithin 5 or 6 kin of each other along ·the section of ooaITT; which lies eas~ of Munoa:i.• on the Bali side., These are Pra.noak 9 Pengambengan, Cupel aJ1d CancUkasuma@ Pengambengan is the largel!lt and central to the othe1., three., 'likl!'.rnia are the bases for 90 mechani~ed ves~els forming 45 purse seine units., In addition, there are 1 675 sma,11 out1'igger caJ1oes which use scoopnets Md other 1:11Mll gear.,

Depending on the market, the purse l:leine unitJS land catehe!!! either in Muncar or Bali,. The sardinella landed in Bali is salted and dried during the dry season., About one ton a day is cUITT;ributed inland a;nd the balance l!'lold in B~angi for onward transport to Surab0,ya,., During tW!l wet l!'leason, when drying il!'l difficult, the fish are salted in concrete vati!'l and are oold as wet salted fish.,

There is no auction market in the Bt:'l.J.i villages eJ'.ld tre,ders buy fish on the beach e;nd o~rate drying 00:1d salting facili·ties clo~e to the beaoh ..

Funds had be(1!n allocated (Rpse 45-48 million) sJ1d pb.ns e,pproved for building a bree.k­water pier e~ Pengambengan during 1976/1977,. This breakwater will follow a natural reef extending several hw1drtii!d metres from ~i;he beach in a northweaterly direction and will enclose a ahel"tered area with depth of li m end a minimum width of 50 m at the beach end,,

This will provide aafe berthing and an unloadin~ area for the purse seine units.. In a phased programme, an auction hall will be built, and an ice plant and cold storage (wHh appropriate other facilit:ha1) in suoceeding years0

As the Bali-based purse seine units are bet·ter located to the major fish co:rwentrations on a year-round basis 9 it is possible to foresee a major market developing with shore facili-·~ias and of catches to the canneries at Munca;r<>

VIL MARICE'I1ING AND PROCESSING

No in-depth i:rhdy of the marketing of sardinelle, in Muncar was carried out as part of the Mission, since plans have already been prepa.red to provide essential shore facilities for me,rketing the catch 9 particuli:i.rly by the converted purse aeine units 9 on the vei,cant land adjoining the pier,.

Lalldingl!! are also made throughout the length of the beach wherever there is access to the main road through the villages., All species caught in addition to sardinella are sold in the ol(l market building a"t the northern end of the beach under very primi'tive conditionse

The1~e are four major buyers of Bardinella in Muncar,. These are: (a) six canneries; LJ~~:!li __ pro0Hso1~s; (c) salt/dl".iers; and (d) fish meal :factory., . Of these buyers, the

the most selective for quality and size of fiehe

In a~1 interview wi·th the illE!Jla~ment of one cmmery 9 the :following observations were made:

(s,) Before ·the introduction of the purse seine tmits• the oannery could only at 30-40 percent of cs,pacity due to the CfUllJltity landed and poor

quality of a large of th11J catch;

(b) The li'lltl.:rdinella bnded by purse seine units is of much better quality 9 although there is room for :further improvement through the use of ice at sea. Rejected fish now amounts to only 5 percent of purchases.

baeie, which a ions ty during 'c;he old 1'estdcted

to Maxch.

(d) Sardinella below 12 cm in length cannot be used for In 1975 9 wher1 purse seine units w®:re not opera;ting9 the

in that month by wae tu1sui table fol' use doo to rami:i.11 £Ji2:e I:n 9 ,che ca,tch from pUl'Be seine units wa,e all fif1h0 Some small fish were caught in July 1976 by purse m9ine but 9 as yet, no marked size of t:imall fiBh has from the purse seine fishery.

(e) rl'.1:1e cannery is S@lriously ·affected in its operations by lack of ice supply in Muncar" Ice is presently pux'chased and carted 120 km from Jen~ b:r•ana e:b a cost of Rp. 16 000/t o

(:r) Sardinella can b® bough·t at Rp .. 50 pe:r' kg for canning a.nd still be economic.

( e:)

(h)

(i)

a±'fect the m1u:·ket., When canneries stop buyingv due to , the price automat ice,l ly dt•ops •

'l'lm lo end oei.med pro dud can compete with impor-t El on th® domest :lo mrlt>k'<>t now tha;I; ·the Government has been succEHisful in reducing smuggling.

'H1e incree,se in production from local cc~nneriel'J in Muncar has :cahied a mal'lce·Hng/distribution problem" Production is now being stock­piled at most oaJ.meries due fo lack of marketing and d:ieb:l:'ibution outlot12J, which :is ·tying up capital.,

Available of production capacity fo1' J~he 111ix canneries a:t Muncar are 55 t/d .. 'J.laking 230 deys ci, y@ar ~HJ ·ihe operfftions of the purse sein© units, a to·tal annual

o;:i,ptwity of 12 650 to

~m~~0,=M proc€H1i:40l'S a~re buyerrJ of ·tha sa:rdinella oa,toh., a boiled sei,l ted

a rela:tiv<'lly process for ·the domestic market,. The from local ucii:ng palm leaf 1)askets 1 has a keeping l:i.fe of ·three days, resrtrioting E1urt Java onlyo Quality is not e,s dema11ding at:i for cromingj however 1

not accopta.bb0 Arurnal ce,paci ty for ·this prooem'li11g method is

•rIH::i many 1JaH; dr.i.e:i;' fish processors are major bt.l,.yers on the local market 1 par"'i:;icularly drop du0 to poor quid i ty of the fhh 1 or over-supply a 'I'his product can easily

and h1.u~ a reasonably long shelf lif®o When ·the fish are in p1•ime condition &md conte,:b1 oomliderablr:i qua1rtHfos of oil 1 they al'<il less suit<"ld for salt drying beol'!,use of

16 OOO t Yearly capacity of thhi ce;tegory of proo€H:'lsors is es'timated eJ,t

1ooa.J. frtFJrJh saJ.11:1s 1 the total yoarly oa.paoity of the fieb prooe111si.r1g i:mits :i.n imated o:t ~5'l OOO to

Rciference has 1)efm made in Section VI to prefH~nt and fu·ture marketing facilities in ciJ1d oth«:ir ville,~r:1 in Jemln'ane,. The Provincie,l Fisheries Office in Bali g-ive

figureB f'or· sardinella of 2 728 'G (104 t ir:l from the no:r·th coast) from a total production of all of 6 189 '~@

1ren percent of the r~ardinelh, catch is sold loca,lly as fresh fish or very lightly rJe,l particule,rly ,,he ca;tch from this sou'~h coaet0 Approxirne;tely 1 t/d during the main seascm is dhrtributed inl1md in the mountain distric:t by mini-lms.. It was stressed that Bali tradHioneJ.ly h not a high fish consur.np·tion province,,

'l'he balance of the total catch is procEH:ised in the following p4'lrcenb,~s: dry salting/ drying~ 60 (during dry season); sundried, 10 percent; pickling (wet salt) in rainy i;ieasmlw 10 percent; J?indang, 10 percent for domer;rtio consumption., Most of the processed fish i.B ·bran sported ·to Banyuwangi where it is sold for onward transporjc ·to Surei,ba;ya,,

'l~e major portion of the catch from the 45 new purse Beine units is being sold in Muncar 0:ncl e,pp4i'laJ:'s in the to'ca,l production for that slibregion of East Java.,

The lnrilding of the breakwa:ter and ncmtidal bar-thing for vel!:lsds in Pengambengan, with ahore :facilitiesg rney develop into i;i, market for sardinella on the Bali side

of the Sh•a,i t"

Since many Sarles of catchE!is are n«1gotiated di:t"ectly between fishermen ci;nd buyera, i,G is no-t pom::ifble fa:> record actual sale pricetKl for the major sales of l!Jardinella.,

Prlce 1'an~1£1w pa.1"'ticularly of eardinella,, between maximum and minimum prices, are eon:-·trolled by two fa,ctors,, 'l'hii!se are the quantity landed in any one and the qua,lity of the fish., It hai~ been repo:rted by the caJmerlea tha,t the seine catches ere of better quality than caught by Efjlalli or by other processors compete on the ma1~k®t wlth canneri!;)S for choice quality fiSh., Poorer handled mainly by the &%1,l·~ers/dl.'ierKJ0

1:1<!'!ction of BUUD has recorded the following ci,ve:i.•age range of prices pald lDnded by purse ltleine uni h for the months of January through September 1976 ~

20-40

Where ~Dici,11 quantities were landed 1ll a11y mtmr;'.h 9 prices are noi; Wl.omt as imuld be unduly inflated the demand., rrhis is an lndication of the prlce dlfferences in any month 9

which Call btil af!i:l much Rp., 20/kg in months of h;;iiavy !illUpplyw and llluatrates the importance of qu2iity to the main btiyers.,

Ice is no·t available to :fishermen for use at see1.e The ice imported from J embrane, at a prlce of 16 ooo/t ls used by the canneries for storage ..

A p1~iori·ty must be a suf:ficl®nt 13Upply of ioe for use by fishermen at a, rea,so:nabl® price,, l'Jhould m:r·~ exceed Rpe5000/t if flShe1smen a:re to be persu.aded that tha use of ice is

to maintain quali·ty and obte,in a higher price for the full catch., For e, sketch of of an ice box for a in the Bali strait, se~ Annex IV-10.,

= 14

VIII~ Hll:GOMIYJJIJN"DATION S

'l1he rila:i.~dinella app6arl3 to be a resource confined to the Be.li stI'e,it Although a pro·= visional estiITiei;te of 50 OOO ·t s'Ganding s·toolc has been meAe, su'bject to upward revision 9 marked a:rmual fluotuations are likely in thill! type of resou:r'Cl'l0 In view of the 1975/76 catch, amounting to an estimated am1ual figure of 50 OOO to 60 OOO t 9 ii is recommended tha.t i

1.,, TJntil e, firmer ef'rbimate of the standing stock of sardinella, oe.n be established, the number of purse seine nets should be limited to 100 units"

20 'I'he size of a pm'se seine net should be restricted to a floatline of 190 m and a working depth of 35 m.. This is for rei;iource ma,nagemem·t 9 economic and praotica,l reasons.,

3" A biologilllt from the Marine Fishe1'ies Re!'learoh Institute (LPPL) should be a,ssigned to the Bali strait fol' a llltudy of the species, particularly relating to a,ge and size groups comprit'li.n~; JGhe stock., Should a p:i.'edominence of fish caug'nt in any given period b"1 below 12 cm, fishing with purse seine nets should be 1irtopped. on &. temporary basis,.

4" Produc·tion statistics should be recorded on a unit basis and progressive monthly catches oa,refully monitored., statistiof'l on the traAi·tional sardinella fishery should be collected ae well.,

5e Meche.niza;tion of the existing ;gerahu is likely "to be followed by the introduction of omwentio:nal vesBell"l with inboard engines.. Thl!>se will have to be limit®d in size if they a,re to la.nd. oizrtches a'c Munca,r., 5'hould this development occur within one or two years, the nurt1be:t' of seine nets in Ul'!e should not be allowed to exceed the present recorrunendation of 100 of lilaJile net 13:!.ze" This ll!t:\Y, in future, be varied when confirmation of the anrmal sustain~ 0,ble yield from the sardinella stock is er1rtablished.

6. A re!'louroe survey with acous·tio instrument!'!, including an echo-integrator should be made biannually to monHor ·the Bize ot: the stock.,

The preserrtly m~ed shore•type kerosene pressure lamp fo1• attracting sardinella and other small piiJlagics should be replaced by a more appropriate fishing lamp which would improve light attraction and ea,se ha;ndling. So as not to create any tech.no-economic problems, the same eou:r.oe of fuel (kerosene) should be used. It is recommended to use a more powerful kero!'lene fishing laJ11p with mul timantle~c1 (4°N) giving 2 OOO candlepower each" One la.mp of 2 OOO candlepower should 11<~ u.eed for smaller gear (seine net 1 ringnet) and two lamps totalling 4 OOO candlepowe1~ for the pu:i:~ae seine. '.Phe substantial increase in lighting power will certainly improve the via,bility of these fisheries.,

The pre!'lently used rafts and dugout canoes are extremely small and cause lost fishing days du:r•i.ng tho rough weather sea.son@ Tharefore it is recommended, along with the introduction of the new lamp, to use ti, slightly bigger light boat, either a planked traditional boa:t (4-5 m) or a dugmrlJ canoe with single or double outrigger,,

Since light a,ttraction is of p:dme importance for catching runa,ll pelagic specie!'! in these :i:t i!'l strongly recoro.mended ·to fully investigat€l the pos!'libilitie!'l for improving this

technique, ®"g" reaction to light of various species, optimum light power to use, source of light 9 otruoture of fish aggregi::i~ion, etc@ The!'le will determine the optimmn lighting equip­ment a,nd J~hus the ·l;;ype and size of gear to be U!'ledo

In view of ·the observa;tiorui aJ.reaey made 9 ·ther€l are many shortcomings in ·the present pursEi m:iine 1 in def3ign, choice of rnaterie,1 1 and consfa:'uc·t:ion. Therefore 9 it is feH ·thci,t 0c:p:i.al catching effici0ncy 1 or 1Jet·ter 1 mm be obtained with a more effec,dve and rela:tively oheape1' ·t;y·pe of gea:r.

A proposed pursci seine design is recommended for fu·ture use 9 which will remedy the various shor·toomingr~ of ·the existing design. For an illustra,tion see Axmex III=8. Also a new design made by ·the BUUD technioia~n for sardinella, should be reconsidered. 'II.his is shown in Annex III~9.

Since ·the stancle,rd of net making is quite low, it is recommended tha;t assistance be given ·to purse ;:mine fishermen in net design, speoifica,lly net construdion 1 rigging ancl r<!pair.

Since pursing is, done wi·th ·the help or e, fish carrier, as already clescribed 1 the possi­lJili ty of introducing a capstan on the purse seiner should ·be investigated. 'Phus, the catcher boe,t would be a selfoperating uni't whenever required. This is a, more ra·tional approa,ch than the presemt one for purse seining.

As described above, this type of gear is a rela·tively shallow fishing net, particularly the smaller one Thus, it has low efficiency in catching fish, e.g., ~~~~~ ];™ic:epE!,, even with light. This is reflected by the tremendous improvement wi'th

purse seine, which is a fe,r deeper scooping net. To revive ·this fishery, it is feH ·that, for sardinella, squid, eto., a deeper, larger circumference, hand-pull operated gear is re~ quired. Therefore, it is suggested ·to experiment with e, purse ring net. For an illustration see Annex III. This gear would be operated with the se,rne type of boat, using e, single engine for propulsion. Also a lampl.l,re, type ne·I; could be considered for experimentation.

These options are regarded as suggestions from a technical point of view. Purse se1n1ng is ·the best aHerna:tive for improvement of ·the e:ids"Ging seine net fishery and the in:l;rodudion of e, leEHJ efficient gear can only be ·thought of in terms of a restriction of fishing effort combined wlth the sooioeconomic problems of the e,rea.

As a fif~heries management measure, it is strongly recommended ·IJhat the use of minnow net for -tlie oodend be e,voided. In the case of the minnow seine mrt used in Bru1yuwangi, it should be banned. The use of such material by oatohing to many sme,11 juvenile fishes has an adverse effect on preservation of ·the resources.

The present engine inste,llation in purse seiners in Bali Strait is suitable only for oe,lm we,ters. The drawback is the excessive operatione,l a,ngle of ·the engine. This resul'ts in serious damage to ,Ghe oranksha.ft a.nd bearings of ·the Yanmar ste;tione,ry cliesel engines. This, a,long vii th gross neglec·t in maintaining enough lubricating oil in the sump, jeopardizes the meohani za;l;ion prog-ramme.

Acc01'ding "Go ·the engine agent in Surabcy-e, 9 ·the m!:l,nufaC'tu:rer h.e,s replaoecl the main bearing on ·the flywheel end of ·the crankshaft, whioh is presently bushing, with a ball bearing. This indicatEH3 tha;t ·the manufacturer has observed some problem wi"Gh this pe,1'ticular bea.ring.

'I'he p:t'esent imrtalla-tion should be modified in order ·l;o decrease the ope:i.'a·ting angle. 'II.his oan lHi done by fi ttirlg a 100 mm diameter V-bel t pulley "Go the flywheel and a, 200 m cli~ meter pulley to the propeller shaf-t and modifying ·the eng:b1e frame b11 a,oke-I; so the centre­line•~ of ·the shafti;; will be offse·t by 500 mm.

'I'he engine moun·ting beam should also be lowered a,11 the way do~m to ·the gummles ond prob1:1:bl;y· tJhould be madCl long<'lro

'l'he looating peg on tue engine frame bracket should be made longer so ·l;he whole eng~ine propeller unit can be raised wh~rn ·t;he boat becomes hec.wily loaded.

A good beH guard flhould be made to avoid seavm:l;er sple,shing onto M1e propeller shaf"i; pulley m1d to prevent twcidents. Refer to sketch of proposed engine insta,lla'tion in Arnrnx n~.5.

'I'hf~se rnodifica;tions result in a lower ope:t'a;l;ing angle for ·l;he engine and propeller shaf·t and al1m inoorpora·l;e reduction in propeller revolutions 1 which should increase propulcJion efficiency. The fitting of pulleys is a,lreacly being done on some p1'es<mt ins"Galla,tions~ but Urn shaft offset is ·l;oo small and the pulleys are momrted in the wrong order, i.e. the sme,lle:r· pulley of 108 mm diameter is fitted to the propeller shaft and the bigger one of 135 mm dia= me,Ger to the flywheel. This results in higher propeller revolutions with lesser efficiency a:nd danger· of overloading the engine.

'I'o avoid damage ·to the engines because of neglect from fishermenv a good extension service should be established in Mun car and Pengambeng&Jl.

Ar1 ·the lifespa.n of the present boa;ts is relatively short, a naval arohi·ted o:r. a, boa:t= builcler should look into the possibility of chaxiging the present design and upgrading the boatyards in Mun car.

As a second Ertage of the mo·torization programme of purse seiners in the Be,li S·trai t ~ aJl inboarct engine ini::rtallation could be considered.

In spi·l;e of some increase in cost 1 the reliability and propulsion efficiency will :inc:r'easc a~nd ·the engines will la,st longer.

An :l.nboard engine insta,lla,tion in these boats could be conoide1'ed wHh a lif'te,ble p:ro= 1:u0 ::'angGment to permit the vessels to be beached on the tide. See. Annex II=6 fol' details

of insteJ.la/IJion.

lt}i:l;her one or ·two existing Yanmar s"Gationar"J diesel engines should be used 9 molli1·bed e,t deck level ivHh 100 nun diameter pulleys fastened on the flywheel end of the crankshafts. 'l.1he propeller shaf·ts should have 200 mm diame"Ger pulleys on the inner and two 5/8 in V-belts fJhould be sufficien·t

'I'h(:J Frtern ·tube has "Go have a stuffing box on the inner end., bearings at both endso A nnive:csal ,joilrt is mounted on the propeller shaft, jus'G ou"Gside the stern tubep with teflon

between the lli1i versal joint ancl ·the end flange of the s·tern ·!;ube 7 to take i;he bhr·ust. See Annex II~7 for conr~·t;rudion de·tails.

A ha11ging bearing is provided on the shaft, 5~10 cm forward of the propeller, wHh a fork, which is faHtened to ·the lifting pipe. Two guides are needed for the lifting pipe, one on th·~

·thw121,r·t 9 ·t;he o·ther he,lf way down the pipe 9 fastened ·to ·the sternpost and. ·t;he side of th<3 boa:t wi "Gh a bracket.

A handle can be p:r-ovidecl on the upper end to ene,ble the propeller and sha,fi,; to be lifted :br!;o a p:i:'o·tected posHion when the boa·t comer~ up to the beach and. ·the engine is stopped .•

'I'he ailvangtages of this syfftem are in ,Ghe correct shaf·t line inclination for maximum the po sr::ii bi li ty of a, :Peduction ( 2i1) end a larger propeller giving moi'e thrui;rt ~

ll!H.l. etJ,(3ier oper<i;tion of the fixed engines oompm:>ed to the one or two hand manoeuv.:recl ly in um:io

'I'he faoili tier3 in the BUlJD workshop e;1; Mur1oa:r are quHe primH:Lve a.nd require upg-.r:aiting. Thio :lt3 ly nece~rnary for the Fmccossful outcome of mecha.nize,Uon developrnel1't in the e,rea.

k~ px•esEmt ·the meohan:Los work u11der very diffioul t conditions. There are no workbenches aml no facilities ·to clean ·the engineEJo They now repair dh'ty engines on ·the floor of the workshop in sand a.nd d:t:i:··t. H is almoffl; impoi:rnlible ·to d.o e, good job under these conditiom;. To reo·tify this situation, a, qualified engineel' or mechanic is urgen·hly neecled.; someone cap­able of ·[;:1.>aining ·the mechanics a.nd organizing the workshop wid spare parts stor@.

A-t present there are no spare paJ:ts availe,ble fo1~ Yenma,r engines in Jlfoncar. In case of breakctownw the opera:tor of a purse seine tmH rims-t go ·to Stu'abi:wa to buy the necessar·y spa,re parfaJ Em ·the mecha,nios in Mtmoar caXJ. repair his engine. This is very costly, both in time a.nd rnone;~r 9 and. remedia,l ao-tion is needecl.

'I'.he BUUD has approached ,Ghe Yanrna,r agent in Jaka::rrl;a for help in ,Ghis ma,tter, bu·t no eXJ.swer had 1Jeen received as ye'G. It is hoped the,t ·!;he Direotor·e;l;e General of l11isherier1 could influence 'Ghl!l agent ·to l'emedy 'uhis. It should be worthwhile fo:t' ·the agen·t, since thei'e are at leai:rl; 150 engines of ·IJhe siune ·type operating in the Bali Strait.

n iG not conside:t'ed feasilJle to make a.ny permanen·t installa,tions on presen·!; boa,ts for carrying ice. However 9 s, removable icebox should be perfectly satisfe,o-to:ry. Fo:r deti:dls see i:iketch of proposed. icebox in Annex II~8. Thi~J box will oan'Y abou·t two -tons and, if t;ha,t is excer:isiv-e 1 a smaller box can be fitted between the deckbeams and. made highe1' to car:r'Y ne(tl,1•ly one ·!;on. The main consid.eration in construe-ting the box is to make i't wa;terUglrt so water oe,11not get into the insulation a If the il1fJUlaUon is wet, it will severely recluoe ·the efficienoy of ·!;he box.

Sinoe sail is ·the only economical wa,y of p:ropulsion for a la,rge number of ~~~;v irnport1:1n·t 'Go improve ·their sailing oapabilHies to windwa,rd.

This oim be done by fHting leeboa.rds on·to gunw1:1,les of the boats. Experimente:tion is neoessal"'Y to find. the exact fore and aft location for the leeboard.s so that the boat is bale,nced in appro:idme,tely windforce 3.

~3hee-ting e,rra11gements might have 'i;o be mw:le stronger to enallle ·the sail to be sheeted f1U'·ther inlJoard. Lee"boards are well known in sailing oiroles as simple means of increasing 'r,ho latei'a,l pli>me of the boa;t and decreasing the leewa,y. A skc:rl;ch of e, proposed leeboa:ccl

is shown in Axmexes II-3 and II-4·

D.

H will rrnver be economical, or prac·tioe,1 1 to build a fishing hai'bour at Munca:r with sufficient d.eep wa·ter for unloading fishing vessels directly on a wha.:t'f or pier. In aitd.i tion 1

·tht'l preseri-t pier is contributing to silUng opposite the proposed new shore facilities. It is 1 ·therefore 1 recommendecl that~

(e,) The propose,l to extend the p:resent pier by 300 m of solid breakv1ater construoUon bt'! abandoned.

(lJ) The solid construction be repll'wccl lJy piers and decking. Th:is could. eHher he filingle prei::rtresF.rncl conore·te pier with top flanges ·to ta.Jee decking, or a, two-pier

oonffl;nwt:i.on uith o:c(nHJ bD,:r: ·t;o tu;!rn lo;l;o:i:nl and lon{!;li;uJli11al bciarnFJ for \;he In both Ofl,fc!CHlv ·i;he deGk:ing t'lhould lw,vo a 1•cia1~cmahhJ ovo:che;nd from "Glrn avoid VcJ~mohi bump:infs p:U.e<i. Moor:i.ng olo1it.<J nhould be f:U·l;ed on

( e) At (lfaJ.i) v -tlw of '[;ho bre1:1,kwfl,·ter :Jhoulcl. ho ohookod to <rrH'mJ:•o ·t;Iw:I; lo;c1Jhng· and unlond:i.ng 08J:l 1Je ou,:r·:.:-iecl mrt; db:•effl; to vef.isr3ls on ·i;h<1 leirnidciv oUrn:r'wise ·l;he 'bonefi'l; of 121hcil·hEH:'EHl m1;her will hci lorrto

Duo ·t;o the tmrn1Jer h11cied rilong Mu:nca,r beaohi j:t in u11likoly· tlw:i; all thci .~~~~~'boa/GS~ ari well ci,ici the VGf:HH~ls of ·'Ghe ptn:•se L1eine 1m:i:tfj will ho e,ble ·i;o U11load

new hnll ·to b8 huj. lt on the south rclide of ·the

'I'he alf;er·ne;tivfl to la.nding directly o;t; ·~he new hall will ·be ·1;o Ufle "~he poJ:'tcn' n;y·c1"11em from ·tho pll),00 of landing to ·the new .ha,11 n is x•ecornmended. ·the;t ~

(a) One oen·l;ra,1 market a,t ·the boil condition

hall northern end and a hazard

b<!l of to

eFr~ei,blishodo As Hoon v,s o, new he,11 is lmil·~v ·hhe olrf Munm~,r bea,ch should be demol:l.shed, since H :i.s in a public hee,Hh;

A oa:N1ful Ertudy of Urn marlwting syffbem ope:ea·hing out of ·f;lrn new h&•,11 should. bo oa,rriecl ou-1;" H mci,y ·be del'l'tirrnd for the canneries and boat<cio

·to sepa,re;te lax•ge la:ncUngs of EH:l,rdinollo. ~~~~~£'), prooossorEI from ffbher fish oaugh'l; b;y· J}J!;,,Y.i!qf,'.

The use of ice 'by fishermen cincl in the mci,rketing lw,11 should. be introduced as HOOil e,~J pri:w·tj.otJ,ble e.nd given high priority. The cru.ali"ty of sardinelle, la.nded. bJ' ·the flee-t is ·the main facrtor in the level of prices ob"l;ainecl. Sardinelle, ir::i a soft fishp easily damo,ged e;nrl only ffo.e 9 crushed or fleJrn ice should. be usied.o It is recommended "Gha,t a, flake ice pl<mt wi·th ref:rige1'ated i:rtorage hopper he considered.. Ice mm ·then he fJold by ·!;he box o:r> in uniform s:tzed baske·tFJ, by volume. The prioo ·to ·l;he fishermen and markErt should be kep·t a,s low <M~ pos£1ible and should not exceed Rp. 5 OOO per ·ton.

The BUUD has a meaisnn.'e of cont:!."01 of the se,le of fish oaught by ptu•se seine unHfJ "Ghrough the credit scheme. It is, i;horefore 9 in an ad.vantagoous position to negotie,te a minimum price oontr1w·b with the oanne11 ies fo1' top qUB,li ty fish. Avoiding prolonged ing (with oonsequen"G deterio:i~e,tion) and ensuring a minimum px'ioe for a m.:i.bt:Jtantie,l po:1:'tion of the daily oatch will resuH in a higher overe,11 p:i.'ice to the fi~1hormen.

1J:lhe1'e il'l s.ome risk involvecl in 1-Juoh e, nontrEJ,ot 1 t~inoe oanner•ies rnigh,c combine to nmJtci ·the minimum p1~ioo a fixed p1'ioe. This could 1Je avoided 11y e, quoti:'1. 9 by weight~ for eaoh oCJUmer-;r and the bllJ.a:noe of the ce,toh ·then p1rb on ,Ghe op©n mei.rket.

Up to the timl!l of ·l;he in·l;roduotion of ·the purse ·!;o be wo1•king at only one third oa,poi,oHy. 1I1hc3y wore e,bility of fish for oan.ning. 'l'he problem ei;b -~he,t

eoonomi oe,l.

seine uni"c.s~ ·bhe s:i.x oa,:n:nories tvere aii! .. id. abo ei.d.versely affeo·!;ed by ·tlrn m1£1ui·t­

WE!,s processing enough fish ho be

The rise in se,rdinella producrUon af·te)~ the i.n"Groduoidon coupled with fresher que.J.i·ty :fi shw has led ·~o virtlw,lly ma.:dmum sardinella by all orrnne:deroi. Ma,rkc:rhing e..:.".lcl clist1'i1)ution of ·tlrn encl lec·ted as ·the volllinB f<n' salirn p~t·ornotion W<HI no·I; produced.

of "lihit) purr~e !ilo:lne ~ ·~y, producrt:ton o:f r.n1.¥mr:Kl

s had bee:a no~'=

The immedia;te solution to 'vhe present si"tue,tion of sJfookpiling by each oanne:r'Y would appear to be as follows&

(1) Form a 1000,l ci:Murnry associa,tion with a common policy of sa,les promotion of ·the local procluot which can se;bisfa,ctorily compete with impo1-ts.

(2) Approe,ch the Minil':rtr-y of Industry to sponsor sales promotion by use of ·the mectia, such as press~ radio end television.

(3) Through the Ministry, conduct a, me,rke·t survey to ol)tain information on the supply and demand situation of canned sardinella,.

(4) Increase efficiency of wholesale e,gents for' local d.istribution.

The international market for canned sardines, a high qualHy and sophistice,ted product, is too competitive for the restricted resource in Bali Strait. However, with the htgh popu­lation ancl rising per ca2ut income, ·the market for local canned products will continue to expand.

E.

Based on ·the economic evaluaUon presented in Section 59 the following recommendations are ma.de:

1. To improve the purse seine fishery, it is recommended that the newly designed purse seine be introduced as a replacement for the purse seine nets curren·tly used. The new net, in addHion ·to being of better design and construction, would lower ca,pi tal cost, be of longer' life and give an annual rate of return of 33 percent.

2. To improve the pli!-,yan_g ™ fishery, it is recommended that loe11s lJe ma.de to facili­tate the widespread e..doption of longtail engines. Available data on costs and earnings indi-cates that "Ghe use of these engines by boa:ts increases the rate of return from 18 to 31 percent. Rather ·than increasing substantially, the main benefit in a..dopUng engine power is the substMtial reduction in sailing time, thus enabling fishermen to receive markedly better prices for better quality fish.

3. To further improve the pa.yMg .2n! fishery, H is l'ecommended the,t the newly designed. purse ring net be introduoed and :r~eple,ce the tradi tionlll,l net currently used. It is ei:i-timated that use of the new net would easily increase the average catch of a mechanized ~ ~ from 300 to 500 kg/day. (Use of a more powerful fishing lamp would raise the catch/day still further.) This is clearly a reflection of the great inefficiency of the present net in use. Although capital investment and depreciation costs are higher, by increasing the oatoh, the rate of return of a meohanized ;Q!::.vang 2!!!, using the new ring net will inorease to 82 peroent. It ir~ impor"hant, however, to oarefully monitor the ensuing rising catches in aooordanoe with the avaibJJle stook of sardinella to prevent overexploi"bation.

= 20 ~-

ANNEX I-1

REFERENCES

Bjaranason 1 A.B. Report of operations of UNDP/FAO .vessel LEMURU 1 Indonesia, 1973-1976. 1976 Terminal report. Fisheries Development and Managemen-t Projed. Jaka:r•ta,

June 1976.

Dwiponggo 1 A. and S.C.B. Uktolseya. A Lemuru ~ Longiceps survey around the 1972 western part of the Little Sunda Island. Paper presented at 15th Session

of the IPFC 1 Wellington, New Zealand, 18-27 Ocrtober 1972 1 IPFC/72/SYM/19.

Dwiponggo, A. and N. Subani. Masalah Perikanan Lemuru dan Ba,gan di Selat Bali. 1972 Jakarta, 1972. Lembaga Penelitian Perikanan Laut (Mar. Fish. Res. Inst.)

Emmerson, D.K. BiUng the helping hand: modernization and violence in an Indonesian 1976 fishing community. Land Tenure Centre Newsletter, No. 51 1 Jan.-Mar. 1976.

Jones, A. 1976

Development of the aquatic resources of Indonesia& a report prepared for the Fisheries Development and Management Project. Rome, FAO. {Restricted).

Ritterbush, s.w. An assessment of the population biology of the Bali Strait Lemuru 1975 Fishery. Mar. Fish. Res. R~. (1). , Jakarta

Schroedter, W.F. Study of fish auction markets in Eretan, Pekalongan and Muncar, Java. 1976 Working paper. FAO Project INS/72/064. Jakarta, March 1976.

Sujasta.ni, T., Edy M. Amin and Gede s. Mertha. Aplikasi - Biologis Dalam Pa.ngkajian 1977 Keadaan Pengusahaan Sumber Perikanan Pelagis Di Selat Bali. Lembaga

Peneli tian Perilrna.n Laut. Jaka:r-ta, June 1977.

Venema, S. 1976

Report of the operations and results of the UNDP/FAO vessel LEMURU in Indonesian waters. Part ls General. ,Jakarta. Fisheries Development and Management Project, October 1976.

ANNEX I-2

2-3/ll/76

4/11/76

5/11/76

6-9/11/76

1().,.11/ll/7 6

12/ll/76

13/ll/76

16/11/76

17/ll/76

Jal{arta

Jakarta

Suraba;ya/Banyuwangi

Banyuwangi/Munoar

Denpasar

Banyuwangi

Surabaya

Surabaya/Jakarta

ITINERARY

Arrival of consultants

Briefing by DGF and Projed Staff

Travel by air to Surabaya. Discussions with Provincial Fisheries Office staff. Onward tra,vel to Banyuwangi by two vehicles.

Initial survey of fisheries based at Banyuwangi, Muncar and Pancer

Travel to Denpasar. Discussion with staff of Provincial Fisheries Office, Bali0 Visit to local fisheries based at Benoa a.nd Kuta.

Travel along Bali Stra,i t ooa,st and visit to main fishing oe11tres of sardinella fishery.

Survey and interviews.

Travel by road to Surabaya with stops at Probolinggo and boatyard building tradi­tional sailing vessels.

Visits to a,gents of fishing gear a,nd engines and Provincial Fisheries Office. Travel to Jakarta by air.

N

BASELINE

WL 1~--------m--<»~~---,,--~ 2---.,---~~~---;-;;:--:ffl-~-/--f'~l--"""F-;:4--

3~.\.:::::r==i===i====.:::J,,L-1+1~-/--/-~-P~l./--

4-r~~~~=-----\----ttt---:f---t-~-r-;----tt-5 __,.-l-_,._-_,._ __ ,,__ __ _,_~,__ _ _,_--J~<+-

LWL 6 --'<----'<---"<----"+tt~<--------/--H'--

BODY PLAN (Inside of planking)

STATIONS Noo.O 112 2 4 5 6 7 BASELINE*

WL I 31 54 WL 2 42 51 87 110 WL 3 37 61 85 106 124 130 127 117 95 WL 4 28 54 95 118 120 125 123 116 94 WL 5 16 43 87 111 132 135 135 123 103

WL 6 24 68 97 120 128 127 114 91 WL 7 50 81 104 107 95 86 72

BASELINE TO TOP 18 29 37 45 50 56 58 58 Of COJIMIP4G

El,~LINE TO 20 32 50 61 71 77 80 82 81 SHErnLINE

BA ill LIN£ TO ~ 136 154 + 155 +157 157 156 156 155 TOI' Of KEEL

FRAME Nol. I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9. 10

[::g:;~lij iel ii rgl gl f

rol $I ~1 w I ~1

8

II

~1

f MAST f ENGINE BEAM

it BoMline i11 130 cm above LWL

Wot111rlinH 20 cm intervals

Metres

9 10

llJ Cl z 0 ~ iii z

i1!: <:!.

12 -' 64 28

a. f{J ll:: (/) 0 ll:: :t: I-63 34 I- Cl l.!J 0 ~ :I! <:!.

68 28 llJ i ;:: ll:: z ID 8 llJ

55 9 u (\J ...

25 :::: 0 ?f

57 54 HEIGHT IN cm

79 66 HEIGHT IN cm

149 117 Hf!GHT!t.lcm

12 13 14

~1 $1 f { STEE1'11Hil THW.lillT

LINES AND TABLE OFFSETS

A.N

NEX

II

-3

Lu

ff

10

.4m

w

ith

4

0cm

ro

ach

He

avy

b

am

bo

o

po

le

Fo

ot

IOm

w

ith

6

0 c

m

roa

ch

CSP

00

.5

1

2 3

4 5

Me

tre

s

CL

P

Le

ach

7

.3m

w

ith

2

0 c

m

ne

ga

tive

ro

ach

Sm

all

ba

mb

oo

p

ole

Sh

ee

t

LW

L

f\)

.j:::

.

E

LWL

LWL

6x75x125 mm ( 1/4 in x 3 in x 5 in)

Washer

45xl'T5mm Loebaard

4cm

LWL

c

Coaminc;i

15 mm ( 5/8 in l Bolt

6 x50mm ( l/4in x 2in) Flo! bar

6 mm (I /2 in l Coach screw

Chock ffnten®d to the sidt of the boot to keep l®tboord vertical_ Length 50 cm

Proposed ice box 1.5 x 1.5 x l.O m of 9mm ( 3/8 in)

marine plywood at station 4. Deck beam on

frame 6 is sawn off as shown and supports for

catwalk on either side. Insulation 50mm (2in)

thick. Drain holes in the bottom.

@ Gunwale coaming

@ Planking

CONSTRUCTION DETAILS

ANNEX II-5

STATION 7

Typical existino enoine installation

STATION 7

improved enolne insta llatlon

LWL

' . '' i[ _____________ _

·~~:::::3bjE~:;:f1i!:\:!I-

0 100 mm Pulley Hand le and guide

Chock for preventing shaft to slide aft out of alllgnment

Thrust collar

Centimetres

LWL

bracket

bearing and fork

PROPOSED INBOARD ENGINE INSTALLATION

All welding should be done piior to drilling

---""~~ -~~

~<"-=--"===-

Tufnol washer for thrust

Cross pice

Fabricated universal joint

Tufnol woshor for thrust

universc!I joint

JOI

ANNEX III-1

TYPES OF FISHING GEAR IN USE IN THE BALI STRAIT

Eastern Coast of Java Western coast of Bs,li Type

Ba,nyuwangi Mun car Jembrana Dadung

Seine net (pa:v:aag) x x

Beach seine (krakat) x

Purse seine (p~ cinoin) x x

Liftnet (~!,\ll) x

Gillnet (jaring keli tik) x x x

Castnet (jala) x x

Sooopnet (songko) x x x

Trolling line (panoing ~)

~ x x

Handline (~) x x

Bottom set longline (prawe) x

AN

NE

X I

ll -

2 P

RE

SE

NT

DE

SIG

N O

F P

UR

SE

SE

INE

. (N

° 1)

0 F

loa

t B

oll

Flo

ot

Y -

5 F

loa

t Y

-8

I F

lo01

' lin

e/

ku

rolo

n

/F=

1

/\:

F=

==

i 7<

z r=

==

i K

f=

==

iF

E3

c:::

: I

c:=

J;,l

c=

:J,,

~

0 0

.8 c

m

E

~

E

w

E

D-6

14

se

t.

D-6

3

se

t

~ ~

Sin

ke

r I

-I

-1 R

ing

k

un

ing

on

D -

6

D-6

D-6

D

-6

~~-

PP

0

0.8

cm

Ro

pe

0

1.25

cm

PP

0 0

.8 c

m

Sin

ke

r lin

e/k

uro

lon

0

0.8

cm

P

urs

e

lin

e 0

2.5

cm

w

0

AN

NE

X I

II -

3 P

RE

SE

NT

DE

SIG

N O

F P

UR

SE

SE

INE

. (N

° 2)

~~ ~ ~ ~6 ~~~

~~ur

olon

,_,~·

,,.,_

,,.

D-6

3

se

t

Mesh~

I E

!!!

I ~I E

(jl

D-6

13

se

t

D-3

I

se

t

D -

3

8 se

t

D -

3

D

-3

~~

Ro

pe

0 1

.25

cm

Me

sh 1

M

esh

t

Me

sh i

D-3

D

-3

PP

0 0

.8 c

m

"~~E::a~ ~

E::J~Lc=J">/~c=:]'>,C d

:::=J

"v'J E=::J><~~Sinker l

ine

/ku

rolo

n

0 0

.8 c

m

~Purse l

ine

0 2

.5

cm

Sin

ke

r /ti

mo

h

Rin

g/k

un

ing

an

(;.;

l-'

- 32

SPECIFICATIONS OF A TYPICAL PURSE SEINE IN BALI STRAIT

Floatline length 180 - 210 m

Headline length 180 - 210 m

Breastline length 21 - 28 m

Stretched webbing length 300 m

Stretched depth 47 - 50 m

Hanging Ratio 0.55% - o.1orf,

Approximate working depth 35 m

Mesh size (stretched mesh) Bunt 20 mm

Body 20 - 24 mm

Selvedge 20 mm

Bunt 210D/6

Body 210D/6-3

Selvedge 210D/6

Float line rope PP~ 4 mm - 6 mm

Lead.line rope PP r/ 4 mm - 6 mm

Purse line (hard lay) pp r;t 20 - 2"5 mm

Lead sinkers (olive shape) 100 - 200 grs.

Float PVC (olive shape) 16.o x 9.0 x 1.2 cm

14 x 4 x 1.0 cm

Plastic Buoy ~ 20 - 30 cm

Purse ring (brass round bar, 5 mm) 5mmr/8cm

~I

u;

1::1 I-<

:x: µ::i z z <!!

SV< 9L'O # r " '

I I

l

~r f t

'? i ~ I

1J I

\/ I

(/)

- 33 -

S~1J,.9l'O # OOL1

\/ I

N

tO

N

- 34 =

ANNEX III-6

CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS OF SMALL SEINE NET

Headline - Bot·tomline PP 4 - 6 rn 100 - 120 m

VLe b bi!1£;:

'A nylon of various mesh sizes depending on section of the gear

from the tip, first 2/3 of lenRth

from mouth 1/3 of length

Mouth to codend:

30 - 40 om mesh

10 - 20 om mesh

The mesh size is reduced gradually from 4.0 cm at the mouth ·to 1.6 cm at the bag.

Codend is ocassionally made out of small sack woven netting.

The circumference of the net is larger at the mouth and decreased toward wing and bag.

No tapering is done, reduction being by flymesh.

Hanging ratio ranges from 0.85% to 0.95%.

Twine size also varies, from 210D/l2 in the wing to 210D/6 in the codend.

For buoyancy, bamboo is mostly used with adjustable line.

For sinkers, lead or concrete weigh·ts are used. Design: see Annex III-5

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

AN

NE

X I

ll -

7

E

0 l!l

Co

d -

en

d

I I I I I I I I I I I I I

MIN

NO

W S

EIN

E N

ET

(ME

SH

SIZ

E 2

-3 S

.ME

SH

)

Fo

ot

rop

e

Don

len

o

I I

I I

I S

oko

wo

n"

Lo

we

r w

ing

1

I 2

5.5

0 m

R

oe

san

=U

pp

er

win

g -

75

m

EX

PL

AN

AT

ION

OF

MA

TE

RIA

LS

1.

Flo

at m

ade

of b

amb

oo

2.

Sin

ker

mad

e of

sto

ne/l

ead

( 2/ o

z)

3.

Rop

e (w

arp

lin

e) m

ade

of r

atta

n

of a

ren

ga

fib

re (

250

m)

4.

Flo

at r

ope

and

foot

rop

e m

ade

of n

ylon

5.

Cod

end

, low

er w

ing

and

up

per

win

g m

ade

of m

inn

ow n

et w

ith

mes

h s

ize

0.1

in

6.

Th

e d

ista

nce

fro

m o

ne

floa

t to

an

oth

er f

loat

dec

rea

ses

as

it a

pp

roac

hes

th

e co

den

d

7.

Th

e d

ista

nce

fro

m o

ne

sin

ker

to

anot

her

sin

ker

d

ec

rea

se

s a

s it

ap

pro

ac

he

s t

he

c9d

end

8.

Flo

at =

30

pie

ces

(tot

al)

9.

Sin

ker

=

40 p

iece

s (t

ota

l)

Ro

pe

~

\J.J

V

1

AN

NE

X I

ll

-8

Flo

at L

ine

Han

gin

g R

ati

o

Str

etch

ed N

etti

ng

H

angi

ng

Tw

ine

Flo

at

Lin

e S

elv

edg

e B

reas

t W

ing

: P

P !

Om

m Q

l 1

90

m

: 0

. 62

"""

: 3

00

m

: 21

0D 7

5 :

PA

24

mm

21

0D

/12

!O

rn x

30

0m

:

PA

24

mm

21

0D

/12

20m

x

24

m

: P

A 1

20

mm

21

0D

/!8

a

s p

er d

eta

il s

ket

ch

PR

OP

OS

ED

P

UR

SE

SE

INE

FO

R L

IGH

T F

ISH

ING

IN

BA

LI

ST

RA

IT

~~----~

Im

\/

Bu

oya

ncy

t.

5 kg

f /m

etr

e

2 kg

f/m

etr

e

4m

1

60

m

2

6 m

50

50

.---------,

\ 1

20

m

m

Ba

r\

·O

0 0

0 2

00

0

1~ 1~

1~ 0

0 0

0 2

15

0

"' 0

N

"' -

N

"' PA

2

2 m

m

21

0/6

21

0 D

/4

2.0

nim

Ba

r

I I

I B

ar

1oa

0 0 "' N

4m

1

70

m

2

s m

a.s

kg

f/m

etr

e

Sin

ker

s L

ine

: P

P !

Om

m (1

) 2

02

m

Sin

ker

s :

Oli

ve l

ead

16

0g

rs F

3-'

m

Han

gin

g

Rat

io

: 0.

66'

':.

Str

etch

ed N

etti

ng

:

30

0m

P

urs

e L

ine

: P

P !

8m

m (1

) 30

0 m

(h

ard

lay

) P

urs

e R

ing

:

Bra

ss I

OO

mm

QI

"40

no

Bri

dle

:

PP

6m

m (1

) 0.

70

m

Sin

kers

lin

e

selv

ed

ge

~T R

ein

forc

em

en

t o

f se

lve

dg

e

for

Bri

dle

Rei

nfo

rcem

ent

of S

e!v

edf'

e: P

A 3

0m

m 2

10

D/!

8

20 x

10

mes

hes

. fo

r P

urs

e R

ing

Bri

dle

A

s p

er d

eta

il s

ket

ch

Sin

ker

Lin

e S

elve

dc:e

:

PA

24

mm

21

0D

/12

2

0m

x 3

00m

~~Bar

JO

m v.

/ F

line

se

lve

dg

e

t2 m

L B

rea

st

-----S

inke

r l

ine

se

lve

dg

e

Mesh

siz

e

: S

tretc

hed

P

A n

ylo

n n

ett

ing

· :

Dy

ed

Nett

ing

:

Kn

ott

ed

w

0\

ANNEX III - 9

0 o.s cm-(0

0

o.G lfi set

NEW DESIGN MADE BY BUDD TECHNICIAN FOR

SARDINELLA LONGICEPS

o.6 lf2set o.6 1/2 set Sinker I ine ---f'.'EJ::::><::::'.£3'"'f".'.£~:'.'.:...t=:r-¥-:..C=i.::::~c:~:'.e=r=:L:-t::=HCc3~'.:t=~~E='~~~¥:.C~==l '1l o · e cm

(/) o.e cm

Sinker

AN

NE

X I

II -

10

PR

OP

OS

ED

SU

RR

OU

ND

ING

RIN

G N

ET

FO

R L

IGH

T F

ISH

ING

Flo

at

Lin

e H

angi

ng

Rat

io

Str

etch

ed N

etti

ng

H

angi

ng T

win

F

loat

Lin

e S

elv

edg

e:

Bu

oyan

cy

Infl

atab

le B

uoy

l B

uo

y

PP

0

8m

m 1

43 m

W

ing

0. 80~o B

od

y 0

. 63

°'0

200

m

21

0D

I 45

P

A 2

4 m

m 2

10

D/1

2 1

0 m

esh

es b

v 10

0 m

W

ing

0. 7

5 kg

f bo

dy 1

.5 k

gf/

metr

e

30 c

m 0

Bu

ou

an

cy 0

. 75

kg

f I m

etr

e

1.5

kg

f

40

m

63

m

, ..

gf 1

40

·r ""I

" "'I

12

0 m

m ~

~ 2

0m

m

21

00

/6

21

0 0

/18

0 0

0 0

0 0

"'

,,.

0

Pu

rse

lin

e

40

m

--+

---

0.8

0 %

22

mm

21

00

/3

66

m

0.6

6 %

T

Sin

ker

s L

ine

: P

P0

8m

m 1

46 m

S

inl<

ers

: O

liv

e le

ad:w

ing

O_

25 k

gf.

bod

y 0.

375

kg

f H

ang

ing

Rat

io

: W

ing

O _ B

O":.

body

0.

55·•:

. S

tret

ched

Net

tin

g

: 20

0 m

P

urs

e L

ine

: P

P 1

2mm

200

m

Bri

dle

:

PP

4m

m Q

O_

70 m

t 16

no

. R

ein

forc

emen

t of

Sel

ved

ire:

PA

30m

m 2

10

D/1

8 1

5 x

7 m

esh

es

for

Pu

rse

Rin

g B

rid

le

Tap

erin

g R

atio

S

ink

er L

ine

Sel

ved

ge

: 7T

lB

:

PA

24

mm

21

0D

/12

!O

rn l

OO

m

15

m

~r

Flo

at

lin

e

se

lve

dg

e

0.7

5 l

<g

f

40

m -------i

] __

~,

1 ~

I 5

00

0 0 \D

"' ... 1

40

CIJ

J2

0m

m

21

0 0

/18

0 0 "'

Sin

ke

rs l

ine

se

lve

dg

e

40

m

0.8

0 %

Sin

ke

rs

lin

e

se

lve

dg

e

Re

info

rce

me

nt

of

se

lve

dg

e

Me

sh s

ize

PA

ny

lon

nett

ing

N

etti

ng

:Str

etc

hed

:D

yed

:K

no

tted

\.;.

J G

D

ANNEX IV-1 PHASED IN PRODUCTION OF FIF'TY PURSE SEINE UNITS

(in kgs.)

Period 29 August 19'75 - 2 November 1976

Unit

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

578 273 326 462 617 664 541 738 386 391 382 114 371 437 450 640 308 190 422 562

TOTAL 4 385 471

Period 2 October 1975 - 2 November 1975

1 5~~ 2 301 685 3 367 502 4 376 420 5 348 716 6 588 286 7 411 695 8 326 439 9 441 177 1C 290 875

TOTAL 3 987 637

Period 12 Deoember 1975 - 12 November 1976

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

418 344 372 068 290 737 401 783 282 923 317 848 227 444 266 162 426 745 194 203 386 473 240 096 292 838 374 814 308 453 655 167 324 143 464 196 331 512 227 006

T01l'AL 6 802 955

14.7 months

10 units

30.95 ton/month/unit

13 months

10 units

30.67 ton/month/unit

11 months

20 units

30.92 tons/month/unit

-40 -

ANNEX IV-1 (cont.)

Period 3 June 1976 - 2 November 1976

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

103 657 127 657 100 029 103 187 118 581

68 165 172 212

71 779 149 322 148 413

TOTAL 1 163 002

5 months

10 units

23.26 ton/month/unit

~ 41 =

ANNEX IV ~2 STRAIT OF BALI

Approximate Operational From Pengambengan ·· 1.m

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

-42 -

ITEMIZED COST OF PURSE SEINE NUMBER l

Ne]ting

1.1 PA nylon, 210D/6, 20 mm S mesh (100 meshes x 100 m)

1.2 PA nylon, 210D/3, 38 mm S mesh (100 meshes x 100 m)

~ 2.1 Float line, PP 8 mm ~' 200 rn 2.2 Sinker line, PP 8 mm ~, 200 m

2.3 Purse line, PP 25 mm ~' 300 m

2.4 Buoy line, Tow line, PP lO mm ~' 100 m

2.5 Bridle e,nd Breastline, PP 4 mm ~' 100 m

Twine

3.1 PA 210D/12 kgs

3.2 PA 210D/6 kgs

3.3 PA 210D/3 kgs

PVC 16 x 9 x 1.2 cm

Sinkers

Olive lead

(Buoy, purse ring)

Quantity

66

6

2

2

1

1

l

10

10

5

600

100

Unit Price

16 OOO

8 OOO

5 200

5 200

25 OOO

3 750

1 150

OOO

OOO

OOO

300

375

TOTAL COST

Cosrt

1 056 OOO

48 OOO

10 400

10 400

25 OOO

3 750

l 150

20 OOO

20 OOO

10 OOO

180 OOO

37 500

40 OOO

l 462 200

ITEMIZED COST OF PUHSE SEINE: NlJMBER 2

UnH Cost

1.

1.1 PA nylon 9 210D/3 9 20 mm S mesh 23 10 500 241 500 (100 meshes :x: 100 m)

1.2 PA nylon 9 210D/3 9 24 mm S mesh 25 10 OOO 250 OOO (100 meshes :x: 100 m)

1.3 PA nylon 9 210D/6, 20 mm S mesh 19 16 OOO 304 OOO (100 meshes :x: 100 m)

1.4 PA nylon 9 210D/6 9 24 mm S mefJh 2 15 OOO 30 OOO (100 rne!'~hes :x: 100 m)

2o

2.1 F'loat line v PP 8 mm ~ 9 200 rn 2 5 200 10 400

2.2 Sinker line, PP 8 mm ~ 9 200 m 2 5 200 10 400

2.3 Purse linew PP 25 mm ~u 300 m 1 25 OOO 25 OOO

2.4 Buoy line 9 Towline,I' PP 10 mm ~9 1 3 750 3 750 100 m

2.5 Bddle e.:nd B:t'easrh line 9 PP 4 mm ~w l 1 150 1 150 100 m

3. 3.1 PA, 210D/12 (kgs) 10 2 OOO 20 OOO 3.2 PA, 210D/6 (kgs) 5 2 OOO 10 OOO

3.3 PA, 210IJ/3 (kga) 10 2 OOO 20 OOO

4. PVC (16 x 9 x 1.2 om) 600 300 180 OOO

5. Olive le sod 100 375 37 500

6.

(Buoy, purse :Ping) 40 OOO

TO'l1AL COST 1 183 700

- 44

ANNEX V-3

ITEMIZED COST OF PROPOSED PURSE SEINE

Quantity Unit Cost Price (Rp.

Description

1 • Netting

1.1 Ji!Q!!y

PA nylon, 210D/4, 22 mm S mesh (400 meshes x 100 m)

15 48 OOO 720 OOO

1.2 ~ PA nylon, 210D/6 20 mm S mesh 5 16 OOO 80 OOO {100 meshes x 100 m)

1.3

210D/12 24 mm S mesh 10 m x 300 m 1 10 OOO 10 OOO

1.4 Sinker line selvedge and breast

210D/12 24 mm S mesh (20 m x 300 m) 1 20 OOO 20 OOO l.5 Wing 1 5 OOO 5 OOO

210D/18 120 mm S mesh 2. Rope

2.1 Floatline, PP 10 mm 200 m 1 6 500 6 500

2.2 Sinker line, PP 10 mm 200 m 1 6 500 6 500

2.3 Purse line, PP 18 mm 300 m 1 20 OOO 20 OOO

2.4 Buoy line and Towline, PP 10 mm 1 4 OOO 4 OOO 100 m

2.5 Bridle, PP 6 mm 60 m 1 1 500 1 500

3. ~ 3.1 PA 210D/75 (kgs) 10 2 OOO 20 OOO

3.2 PA 210D/12 (kgs) 5 2 OOO 10 OOO

3.3 PA 210D/6 (kgs) 10 2 OOO 20 OOO

3.4 PA 210D/4 {kgs) 5 2 OOO 10 OOO

4o Floats

PVC 16 x 9 x 1.2 cm 600 300 180 OOO

5.

Olive lead 100 375 37 500 6.

{Buoy, purse ring) 40 OOO

TOTAL COST l 190 OOO

- 45 -

ANNEX V-4

l"TEMIZED COST OF PROPOSED PURSE RING NET

Qusirf;i ty Cost

1.

1.1 ~ PA nylon, 210D/3.22 mm 4 40 OOO 160 OOO (400 meshes x 100 m)

1.2 ~ PA nylon, 210D/6.20 mm 1 25 OOO 25 OOO (480 meshes x 33 m)

1.3

PA nylon 9 210D/12 (10 meshes x 100 m)

2 2 500 5 OOO

1.4

PA nylon 9 210D/18 2 40 OOO 80 OOO (100 meshes x 100 m)

2.

2~1 Floatline, 150 rn PP 8 mm ~ 1 4 OOO 4 OOO

2o2 Lead.line, 150 m PP 8 mm ~ l 4 OOO 4 OOO

2.3 Purse line, 200 m PP 12 mm ~ l 7 800 7 800

2.4 Bridle, 50 m PP 4 mm ~ 1 l OOO l OOO

3.

3.1 PA nylon 210D/45 (kgs) 5 2 OOO 10 OOO

3.2 PA nylon 210D/18 (kgr;1) 5 2 OOO 10 OOO

3.3 PA nylon 210D/6 (kgs) 5 2 OOO 10 OOO

4.

PVC 16 x 9 x 1.2 om 200 300 60 OOO

5. Olive lead 40 350 14 OOO

6.

(Buoy9 purse ring) 20 OOO

TOT.AL COST 410 800

ANNEX v~s

1.

2.

3.

ii

CAPITAL EXPENDITURES, COSTS AND EARNINGS OF A PURSE SEINE UNIT IN THE BALI STRAIT

Oapi tal Investment

Fixed Capital

Two boats (perahu)

Purse Seine

Three outboard engines

One "light" canoe

Lamps eJ1d equipment

Working Oapi ta,l (one month)

Opere,ting cost

Advances to crew

Miscellaneous and contingency

1

~

970 OOO

415 OOO

750 000 100 OOO

OOO

150 OOO

150 OOO

25 OOO

Total Capital Invei:rhment

21?.erating Expenses

Fuel ( 140 de,y.l!ii x 3 engines x 30 litres

Oil (140 x 1.5 li"tres x Rp. 650)

Kel'Osene (140 x 10 litres x Rp. 25)

Other expenses

Food

Maintenance

Boats

Purse seine

Engines

Other equipment

License, port fees, etc.

Depreciation

Boats

Purse seine

Engines

Other equipment

Living expenses 1/

x Rp. 50) 630 OOO

136 500

35 OOO

48 OOO

56 OOO

120 OOO

140 OOO

105 OOO

OOO

160 500

495 250 262 500

34 500

Total Business Expenses

Living expenses for a family of five members is considered, in business expense.

this

3 350 OOO

325 OOO

3 675 OOO

905 500

435 OOO

100 OOO

952 750

365 OOO

1 852 750

commuriit:r. a

ANNEX V=5 (oonto)

Bali:iJ1oe of OpeJ.'a:ting Income end Expenses

Value of oatoh Y AwYtion fee :Ji Operating K.~penses

Balance

5. ShE,re ·to Crew Y 6. Sh~u."e 'GO Enterprise !1J 7. Net profit to Enterprise (6-3)

8. Average Rate of Return on Capital (7 + 1)

Y Based on e, 140 ton catch over 1 months at Rp. 50/kg 1f Five percent of the gross value of catch

Y Crew/enterprise share 50/50 of ntJit pl'OO<iH:id.s

1 OOO OOO

350 OOO

905 500

2 872 250

2 872 250

5 744 500

1 019 500

28%

CAPITAL EXPENDITURES, COSTS AND EARNINGS OF A PA.YANG ORAS WITHOUT ENGINE IN BALI STRAIT

1. gapital Investment

One boat (perahu)

Payang net

2.

Lamps and equipment

Working Capital

Kerosene (140 days x 10 litres x Rp. 25)

Food

3. Business Expenses

Maintenance

Boat

Payang net

Other equipment

License, port fees, etc.

Depreciation

Boat

Payang net

Other equipment

Total Businesu Expenses

4. Balance of Operating Income and Expenses

Value of catch 1/ Auction fee Y Operating expenses

Balance

Share t6 Crew 'J/

6. Share to Enterprise 'J/ Net Profit to Enterprise (6-3)

8. Average Ra;lie of Return on Capi bl (7 + 1)

300 OOO

150 OOO

50 OOO

70 OOO

16 800

35 OOO

45 OOO

35 OOO

11 500

45 OOO

50 OOO

15 OOO

l 050 OOO

52 500

51 800

630 466

315 234

1/. Based on a 35 ton catch over 7 months a;li Rp. 30/kg y Five percent of the gross value of catch if Crew/enterprise share 8/12 - 4/12 of net proceeds

570 000

51 800

97 500

1 500

110 OOO

215 OOO

945 700

100 234

18%

ANNEX V=7

C.APITAL EXPENDITllRES 9 COSTS AND EARNINGS

OF A PAYANU ORAS WITH ENGINE IN BALI STRAIT

1 • Capital Investmen·I;

One boat (perahu)

PayeJlg ne·t

Engine

Lamps and equipment

Working ea.pi tal

2. Operating Expenses

Fuel (140 days x 20 litres x Rp. 50)

Oil (140 x Y5 litre x Rp. 650) Kerosene (140 x 10 litre x Rp. 25) Food

3. Business Expenses

Me,in-tenance

Boi;i,t

Paurang net

Engine

O·ther equipment

License, port fees 9 t:rto.

Depreciation

Boat

Paye..ng net

Engine

Other equipment

Living expenses 1/ Total business expenses

~

300 OOO

150 OOO

250 OOO

50 OOO

70 OOO

140 OOO

45 OOO

35 OOO

35 OOO

45 OOO

35 OOO

35 OOO

17 :20£

45 OOO

50 OOO

84 OOO

15 OOO

820 OOO

255 OOO

132 500 20 OOO

194 OOO

OOO

711 500

1/ Living expenses fore, family of five membe1~s is considered, in this community, s, lmsiness expense

ANNEX V-7 (cont.)

4. Balance of Opera/dng Income and Expenses

Value of catch £/ Auction fee lf Operating expenses

Balance

Share to Crew 41 6. Share to En·~erprise 41 7. Net profit to Enterprise (6 - 3)

8. Average rate of return on capital (7 + 1)

~ Based on a 42 ton catch over 7 months at Rp. 50/kg

"j/ Five percent of the gross value of catch

4} Crew/enterprise share 6/13 - 7/13 of net proceeds

Rp

2 100 OOO

- 105 OOO

255 500

802 846

936 654

Rp

1 739 500

225 154

31%

TECHNICAL REPORTS OF Till~ INDIAN OCEAN PROGRAMME

1. IraJ1 ~ Formation of a Fisheries Developmen·t Branch wHhin the ADBI 1 Labon, A. 1

IOP /'l'ECH/75/1.

2. Pecherie de Crevettes - Rapport au Gouv8rnement de la Republique Malgaohe. Labon 1 A. 1

IOP/'l'ECH/75/2 (not published).

Fisheries Development PossibilHies in the Republic of Kenya. Labon 1 A. 1

IOP/TECH/75/3°

A Heport on the Building Up of a Sta:tis tioal System for the Colledion of Marine Fisheries Sttil,tistios in the UnHed AralJ Emirates. BaJ1erji 1 S.K. 1 IOP/TECH/75/4.

Heport to ·the Ministry of Agriculture i:v1d Fisheries - United Arab Emirates. Labon 1 A. 1 IOP/TECH/75/5.

6. Some Developments in the Tuna Fisheries in the Indian Ocean. Kearney, R.E. 1

IOP/TECH/75/6.

7. Statistical System of Marine Fisheries in MaurHius. Banerji 1 S.K. 1 IOP/TECH/76/7.

8. Establishment of an Age.cicultural and Fi.sheries Development Authority in ·the United Arab Emirates. Gustafsson 1 N. a,nd G.K.F. Moore, IOP/TECH/76/8.

United Artil,b Emira,tes - Programme of Development of Fishery Harbours and Landing Places Reconnaissance Survey Repor"t. Guckian 1 W. 1 IOP/TECH/76/9.

10. Fishery S'Ga.Ustioal System in Sri Lanka. Banerji, S.K. 1 IOP/TECH/76/10.

11. Summary Report on Cruise of ·the R/V SHOYO MARU in the North Arabian Sea. Yarne,naka,, H. 1 Y. Ni shigawa, J. Mori te,1 (translated til,nd edited by s. Haya,si 1 Indian Ooeen Programme) 1

IOP/TECH/76/11. 12. The Sultana,te of Oman Five Year Fisheries Development Plan. Labon, A.. 0 IOP/TECH/77/12.

(not published).

Fisheries and Marketin9 in the Yemen Ara,b Republio. B. Simons, IOP/TECH/77/13.

Campleman 1 G. 1 V. Perovio and

Summary Report on Cruise of the R/V SHOYO MARU in the North Arabian Sea. Yamanaka, H. 9 M. Yvl<inawe, s,nd I. Nakamura, IOP /TECH/77 /14.

Report of the Joint :Mission to Plan Development of the Sardinella Fisheries in the Bali S·trai ,G. IOP /TECH/77 /15.