technical round main

8/3/2019 Technical Round Main

1/24

Preparation For Technical Round iYogi Technical Services Pvt Ltd

Prepared By Santosh Kumar 1

Q1. What is BiosAns: A BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is an electronic set of instructions that a computer uses to

successfully start operating. The BIOS is located on a chip inside of the computer and is designed in a waythat protects it from disk failure.

A main function of the BIOS is to give instructions for the power-on self test (POST). This self test ensures

that the computer has all of the necessary parts and functionality needed to successfully start itself, such asuse of memory, a keyboard and other parts. If errors are detected during the test, the BIOS instructs thecomputer to give a code that reveals the problem. Error codes are typically a series of beeps heard shortly

after startup.Computer users can often make certain adjustments to the BIOS through a configuration screen on the

computer. The setup screen is typically accessed with a special key sequence during the first moments ofstartup. This setup screen often allows users to change the order in which drives are accessed during startup

and control the functionality of a number of critical devices. Features vary among individual BIOS versions.

When you turn on your computer and the microprocessor tries to execute its first instruction, it has to getthat instruction from somewhere:

1. A power-on self-test (POST) for all of the different hardware components in the system to make sureeverything is working properly

2. Activating other BIOS chips on different cards installed in the computer - For example, SCSI andgraphics cards often have their own BIOS chips.

3. Providing a set of low-level routines that the operating system uses to interface to different hardwaredevices - It is these routines that give the BIOS its name. They manage things like the keyboard, the screen,

and the serial and parallel ports, especially when the computer is booting.4. Managing a collection of settings for the hard disks, clock, etc.

When you turn on your computer, the BIOS does several things. This is its usual sequence:1. Check the CMOS Setup for custom settings

2. Load the interrupt handlers and device drivers

3. Initialize registers and power management4. Perform the power-on self-test (POST)5. Display system settings

6. Determine which devices are bootable7. Initiate the bootstrap sequence

Q2. What is POSTAns: When power is turned on, POST (Power-On Self-Test) is the diagnostic testing sequence that acomputer's basic input/output system ( "starting program") runs to determine if the computer keyboard,

random access memory, disk drives, and other hardware are working correctly.If the necessary hardware is detected and found to be operating properly, the computer begins to boot. If the

hardware is not detected or is found not to be operating properly, the BIOS issues an error message whichmay be text on the display screen and/or a series of coded beeps, depending on the nature of the problem.

Since POST runs before the computer's video card is activated, it may not be possible to progress to thedisplay screen. The pattern of beeps may be a variable numbers of short beeps or a mixture of long and short

beeps, depending on what type of BIOS is installed.The patterns of beeps contain messages about the nature of the problem detected. For example, if the

keyboard is not detected, a particular pattern of beeps will inform you of that fact. An error found in thePOST is usually fatal (that is, it causes current program to stop running) and will halt the boot process, since

the hardware checked is absolutely essential for the computer's functions.


2/24



Q3. What is MsconfigAns: Microsoft System Configuration Utility or "MSCONFIG" Designed to help you troubleshoot problemswith your computer, MSCONFIG can also be used to ensure that your computer boots faster and crashes

less. The five pages in MSCONFIG that you will see are called General, Startup, Boot.INI, Win.INI, andSystem.INI. The '.INI' means that these pages refer to a certain type of file. An INI file is an initialization

file.

SERVICES are similar to the programs listed in startup but they are, for the most part, hidden from theaverage user because they provide important services to the system and the user.

BOOT.INI is where you can configure Boot Options, such as SAFEBOOT, NOGUIBOOT, BOOTLOG,

BASEVIDEO, and SOS.

WIN.INI is the old windows location for storing system settings back in windows 3.0

SYSTEM.INI is the old windows location for listing system files to be loaded, such as drivers and fonts.

How to use MSCONFIG in Windows Vista

Here is how to use MSCONFIG in Windows Vista to disable some of the unnecessary programs thatautomatically load on start-up. Disabling these programs will help your computer boot faster and crash less.

1. Click on the Vista start icon in the bottom left corner of your screen.

2. Type MSCONFIG in the search box and then either press enter on your keyboard or double-click on theMSCONFIG program that appears in the search results.


3/24



3. To prevent you from accidentally making changes that could destabilize your computer, Vista asks you

for permission to continue. You may see a box asking you to key in your computer's administrator username and password.

Or, if you're already logged into Vista as an administrator, you may see a box asking you if you would liketo continue.

Either way, follow the on-screen prompts to give Vista permission to continue.

4. Once you have successfully passed through Microsoft's User Account Control roadblock, Vista will

launch Microsoft's System Configuration Utility. Click on the Startup tab.


4/24



5. This takes you to a page with a list of "startup items." Startup items are programs that are automatically

loaded every time you turn on your computer. Some startup programs are absolutely necessary, others aresimply a waste of RAM.

In Windows Vista, all of Windows' essential programs are loaded through something called "WindowsServices." This means that most of the startup items you see in Vista are completely optional and can be

turned off. However, a good rule of thumb is to disable only those programs that you recognize and don'tneed to have running all the time. When in doubt, leave it on. Or, better still, check out Paul "PacMan"

Collins' huge "Startup Applications" list at http://www.sysinfo.org/startuplist.php. This list of over 13,000startup items you may encounter in MSCONFIG tells you which items are absolutely necessary, which

items are optional, and which items you should definitely uncheck.

Here's a good example. On my computer I have a mess of MP3s and I listen to those MP3s with a programcalled WinAmp. For some reason or other, WinAmp decided that it should always be running on my

computer even when I am not using the program. That's silly. To prevent WinAmp from automaticallystarting every time I boot my computer, I ran MSCONFIG and unchecked "WinampAgent." That's it.

6. Click on the OK button.

7. A message will pop up telling you that you must restart your computer before these changes will take

effect. Click on "Restart" and your computer will automatically reboot.8. That's it! Your computer should now boot faster and crash less.

And if you ever want to turn on any of the startup items you disabled with MSCONFIG, just runMSCONFIG again.
http://www.sysin/http://www.sysin/


5/24



How to use MSCONFIG in Windows XP

Here is how to use MSCONFIG in Windows XP to disable some of the unnecessary programs that

automatically load on start-up. Disabling these programs will help your computer boot faster and crash less.1. In Windows XP, go to Start > Run

2. Type MSCONFIG in the "Open:" box and then either press enter on your keyboard or click on the OKbutton.

3. This launches Microsoft's System Configuration Utility. Click on the Startup tab (the tab at the far right).


6/24



4. This takes you to a page with a list of "startup items." Startup items are programs that are automatically

loaded every time you turn on your computer. Some startup programs are absolutely necessary, others aresimply a waste of RAM.

In Windows XP, all of Windows' essential programs are loaded through something called "Windows

Services." This means that most of the startup items you see in XP are completely optional and can beturned off. However, a good rule of thumb is to disable only those programs that you recognize and don't

need to have running all the time. When in doubt, leave it on. Or, better still, check out Paul "PacMan"Collins' huge "Startup Applications" list at http://www.sysinfo.org/startuplist.php. This list of over 13,000

startup items you may encounter in MSCONFIG tells you which items are absolutely necessary, whichitems are optional, and which items you should definitely uncheck.

Here's a good example. On my computer I have a mess of MP3s and I listen to those MP3s with a program

called WinAmp. For some reason or other, WinAmp decided that it should always be running on mycomputer even when I am not using the program. That's silly. To prevent WinAmp from automatically

starting every time I boot my computer, I ran MSCONFIG and unchecked "WinampAgent." That's it.Remember, disable only those programs that you recognize and don't need to have running all the time.

When in doubt, leave it on.5. Click on the OK button.

6. A message will pop up telling you that you must restart your computer before these changes will takeeffect. Click on "Yes" and your computer will automatically reboot.

7. That's it! Your computer should now boot faster and crash less.And if you ever want to turn on any of the startup items you disabled with MSCONFIG, just run

MSCONFIG again.
http://www.sysin/http://www.sysin/


7/24



Q4. What is Safe modeAns: Hit F8 to boot your PC in to Safe Mode. Safe Mode is a special way for Windows to load when thereis a system-critical problem that interferes with the normal operation of Windows. The purpose of Safe

Mode is to allow you to troubleshoot Windows and try to determine what is causing it to not functioncorrectly. Once you have corrected the problem, then you can reboot and Windows will load normally.

There are several things that happen when Windows boots in Safe Mode that differ from a standard boot:

1. Safe Mode does not run the autoexec.bat or config.sys files.2. Most device drivers are not loaded. A device driver is the software that Windows uses to interact with a

piece of hardware, such as a printer or scanner.3. Instead of the normal graphics device driver, Safe Mode uses standard VGA graphics mode. This mode is

supported by all Windows-compatible video cards.4. Himem.sys, which is normally loaded as part of the config.sys script, is loaded with the /testmem:on

switch. This switch tells the computer to test the extended memory before continuing.5. Safe Mode checks the msdos.sys file for information on where to find the rest of the Windows files. If it

finds the files, it proceeds to load Windows in Safe Mode with the command win /d:m. If it does not find theWindows files, it will run command.com to bring up a C: prompt.

6. Windows boots using a batch file called system.cb instead of the standard system.ini file. This file loadsthe Virtual Device Drivers (VxDs) that Windows uses to communicate with the standard parts of the

computer.7. Windows now loads the regular system.ini file plus win.ini and Registry settings. It skips the [Boot]

(except for the shell and device lines) and [386Enh] sections of system.ini and does not load or run anyprograms listed in win.ini.

8. The Windows desktop loads up in 16 colors and at a resolution of 640 x 480 with the words "Safe Mode"in each corner.

Windows XPIf Windows XP is the only operating system installed on your computer, booting into Safe Mode with these

Instructions:1. If the computer is running, shut down Windows, and then turn off the power2. Wait 30 seconds, and then turn the computer on.

3. Start tapping the F8 key. The Windows Advanced Options Menu appears. If you begin tapping the F8 keytoo soon, some computers display a "keyboard error" message. To resolve this, restart computer, try again.

4. Ensure that the Safe mode option is selected.5. Press Enter. The computer then begins to start in Safe mode.

6. When you are finished with all troubleshooting, close all programs and restart the computer as younormally would.

To use the System Configuration Utility method

1. Close all open programs.2. Click Start, Run and type MSCONFIG in the box and click OK

3. The System Configuration Utility appears, On the BOOT.INI tab, Check the "/SAFEBOOT" option, andthen click OK and Restart your computer when prompted.

4. The computer restarts in Safe mode.5. Perform the troubleshooting steps for which you are using Safe Mode. When you are finished with

troubleshooting in Safe mode, openMSCONFIG again, on the BOOT.INI tab, uncheck "/SAFEBOOT" and click OK to restart your computer.

Windows 2000 / XP users


8/24



Tip: If you are running Safe Mode bcoz you cant get into Windows you may want to 1st try loading last

known good configuration. Additional information about this mode can be found on document CH000626.To get into the Windows 2000 / XP Safe mode, as the computer is booting press and hold your "F8 Key"

which should bring up the "Windows Advanced Options Menu" as shown below. Use yourarrow keys tomove to "Safe Mode" and press your Enter key.

Note: With some computers if you press and hold a key as the computer is booting you will get a stuck key

message. If this occurs, instead of pressing and holding the "F8 key", tap the "F8 key" continuously untilyou get the startup menu.

Trouble Getting into Windows 2000 or Windows XP Safe mode - If after several attempts you are unableto get into Windows 2000 or Windows XP Safe Mode as the computer is booting into Windows, turn off

your computer. When the computer is turned on the next time Windows should notice that the computer didnot successfully boot and give you the Safe Mode screen.

Microsoft Windows Vista usersTip: If you are running Safe Mode bcoz you cant get into Windows you may want to 1st try loading last

known good configuration. Additional information about this mode can be found on document CH000626.To get into the Windows Vista Safe mode, as the computer is booting press and hold your "F8 Key" which

should bring up the "Windows Advanced Options Menu" as shown below. Use yourarrow keys to move to"Safe Mode" and press your Enter key.

Note: With some computers if you press and hold a key as the computer is booting you will get a stuck key

message. If this occurs, instead of pressing and holding the "F8 key", tap the "F8 key" continuously untilyou get the startup menu.


9/24



Trouble Getting into Windows 2000 or Windows XP Safe mode - If after several attempts you are unable

to get into Windows 2000 or Windows XP Safe Mode as the computer is booting into Windows, turn offyour computer. When the computer is turned on the next time Windows should notice that the computer did

not successfully boot and give you the Safe Mode screen.

How do I get out of Safe Mode?From Windows Safe Mode click Start / Shutdown and restart the computer. This should start the computerautomatically back into Normal Mode.

Note: Many users believe that they are still in Safe Mode because the colors or video may not look correct.Unless in the corners of the screen it says "Safe Mode", you are not in Safe Mode. For information on how

to setup your video card resolution, see document CH000190.If you are rebooting the computer and it is rebooting back into Safe Mode (it does say "Safe Mode" in each

of the corners), it is likely another problem exists with Windows preventing it from loading into NormalWindows. We recommend you see ourbasic troubleshooting section for additional ideas that may help to

resolve your issue.


10/24



Q6. What is system restore?Ans: Windows XP periodically records a snapshot of your computer. These snapshots are called restorepoints. Windows XP also creates restore points at the time of significant system events (such as when an

application or driver is installed) or you can create and name your own restore points at any time. Ifyouve installed a program that has made your computer unstable, you can open system restore, choose

a restore point, and return your computer to its previous stable state.

When you run System Restore, a calendar is displayed to help you find restore points. If you don't use yourcomputer every day, some days might not have any restore points. If you use your computer frequently, youmight have restore points almost every day, and some days might have several restore points.

Use System Restore to undo changes youve made to your computerBefore you open the System Restore console, you may want to save your work and close all programs sinceSystem Restore requires you to restart your computer.

There are two ways to access System Restore through Help and Support or through yourAllPrograms folder.

Through Help and Support:1.ClickStart, and then clickHelp and Support.

2.UnderPick a Task, clickUndo changes to your computer with System Restore.3.Follow the instructions on the wizard.

Through the All Programs menu:1.ClickStart.

2.Point to All Programs.3.Point to Accessories.

4.Point to System Tools.5.ClickSystem Restore.

6.Follow the instructions on the wizard.Creating a restore point can be useful any time you anticipate making changes to your computer that are

risky or might make your computer unstable. If something goes wrong, you select the restore point you just

created and Windows XP undoes any system changes made since that time.

Create a Restore Point1.Open System Restore. (See step-by-step instructions above.)2.ClickCreate a restore point, and then clickNext.

3.In the Restore point descriptionbox, type a name to identify this restore point as seen in Figure 1 below.System Restore automatically adds the date and time that this Restore Point is created.


11/24



To finish creating this restore point, clickCreate.

To cancel restore point creation and return to the Welcome to System Restore screen, clickBack. To cancel restore point creation and exit the System Restore Wizard, clickCancel.

To view or to return to this restore point, from the Welcome to System Restore screen of the System

Restore Wizard select Restore my computer to an earlier time. Then select the date you created the

restore point from the calendar in the Select a Restore Point screen. All of the restore points you createdand you computer created on the selected date are listed by name in the list box to the right of the calendar.

Note System Restore does not replace the process of uninstalling a program. To completely remove the filesinstalled by a program, you must remove the program using Add or Remove Programs in Control Panel or

the program's own uninstall program. To open Add or Remove Programs, click Start, click Control Panel,and then click Add or Remove Programs.
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/304449/http://support./


12/24



Disabling or enabling Windows XP System Restore:This information is for your convenience. System Restore is part of Windows XP. If you need help with

System Restore, contact Microsoft technical support.

To turn System Restore off or on, you must log on to Windows XP as an Administrator. If you turn off

System Restore, it deletes all previous restore points.

I want to turn off Windows XP System Restore:1. Click Start.2. Right-click My Computer, and then click Properties.

3. On the System Restore tab, check Turn off System Restore or Turn off System Restore on all drives. Ifyou do not see the System Restore tab, you are not logged on to Windows as an Administrator.

4. Click Apply.5. When you see the confirmation message, click Yes.

6. Click OK.

I want to turn on Windows XP System Restore:

1. Click Start.2. Right-click My Computer, and then click Properties.

3. On the System Restore tab, check Turn on System Restore or Turn on System Restore on all drives. Ifyou do not see the System Restore tab, you are not logged on to Windows as an Administrator.

4. Click Apply.5. When you see the confirmation message, click Yes.

6. Click OK.

How to restore the operating system to a previous state in Windows vista ultimate

Introduction: This article discusses how to repair the operating system and how to restore the operating

system configuration to an earlier point in time in Windows Vista. It describes how to use the System FileChecker tool to scan and replace system files in scenarios where you are troubleshooting an issue inWindows Vista. It also discusses how to use the System Restore tool to restore the operating system

configuration to an earlier point in time.

The System File Checker tool: To determine whether the issue that you are experiencing is caused by oneor more system files that are used by Windows Vista, run the System File Checker tool. The System File

Checker tool scans system files and replaces incorrect versions of the system files by using the correctversions.

To run the System File Checker tool, follow these steps:

1. Click Start , and then type cmd in the Start Search box.2. Right-click cmd in the Programs list, and then click Run as administrator. If you are prompted for an

administrator password or confirmation, type your password or click Continue3. At the command prompt, type the following line, and then press ENTER:

sfc /scannow

When the scan is complete, test to see whether the issue that you are experiencing is resolved. If the issuethat you are experiencing is not resolved, use the procedure that is described in the "The System Restore

tool" section.


13/24



The System Restore toolOther troubleshooting methods, such as using the System File Checker tool, may not resolve the issue. If

they do not resolve the issue, and the issue that you are experiencing started occurring recently, you can usethe System Restore tool. By using this tool, you can restore the computer to an earlier point in time.

Using the System Restore tool may not necessarily help you determine the issue. The System Restore tool

uses restore points to return system files and settings to an earlier point in time. You can use it to restore theoperating system to a point in time in which you did not experience the issue. When you use System Restoreto restore the computer to a previous state, programs and updates that you installed are removed.

To restore the operating system to an earlier point in time, follow these steps:

1. Click Start , type system restore in the Start Search box, and then click System Restore in the Programslist. If you are prompted for an administrator password or confirmation, type your password/click Continue.

2. In the System Restore dialog box, click Choose a different restore point, and then click Next.3. In the list of restore points, click a restore point that was created before you began to experience the issue,

and then click Next.4. Click Finish.

The computer restarts, and the system files and settings are returned to the state that they were in at the timethat the restore point was created.

Q7. What is Last known good configurationAns: To load the last known good configuration in Win2000/XP reboot the computer and as it's bootingbooting press and hold your "F8 Key" which should bring up the "Windows Advanced Options Menu" as

shown below. Use yourarrow keys to move to "Last Known Good Configuration" and press your Enter key.Note: With some computers if you press and hold a key as the computer is booting you will get a stuck key

message as the computer is booting. If this occurs instead of pressing and holding the "F8 key" tap the "F8key" continuously until you get the startup menu.

How to start your computer by using the Last Known Good Configuration feature

To start your computer by using the Last Known Good Configuration feature, follow these steps:1. Start your computer.


14/24



2. When you see the "Please select the operating system to start" message, press the F8 key.

3. When the Windows Advanced Options menu appears, use the ARROW keys to select Last KnownGood Configuration (your most recent settings that worked), and then press ENTER.

4. If you are running other operating systems on your computer, use the ARROW keys to select MicrosoftWindows XP, and then press ENTER.

Troubleshooting With the Last Known Good Configuration feature, you can recover from configuration problems such asnewly installed drivers that may be incorrect for your computer's hardware. It does not correct problems

that are caused by missing or corrupted drivers or files. The Last Known Good Configuration feature uses information that is saved from the last time that you

shut down your computer to restore registry settings and drivers. Therefore, you can use this feature only ifyou were able to start your computer successfully before you restore your computer by using the last

known good configuration. After you start your computer by using the Last Known Good Configuration feature, changes that were

made since the last successful startup are lost.

How do I start the computer using Last Known Good Configuration?Follow these steps:

1. Remove all floppy disks, CDs, and DVDs from your computer, and then restart your computer. Click theStart button, click the arrow next to the Lock button, and then click Restart.

2. Do one of the following:

If your computer has a single operating system installed, press and hold the F8 key as your computerrestarts. You need to press F8 before the Windows logo appears. If the Windows logo appears, you will

need to try again by waiting until the Windows logon prompt appears, and then shutting down and restartingyour computer.

If your computer has more than one operating system, use the arrow keys to highlight the operating system

you want to start, and then press F8.

3. On the Advanced Boot Options screen, use the arrow keys to highlight Last Known Good Configuration,

and then press ENTER.4. If your computer has more than one operating system installed, use the arrow keys to highlight the

operating system that you want to start by using Last Known Good Configuration, and then press ENTER.Windows will then resume starting normally.


15/24



Q9. What is Blue screen errorAns: Various types of errors may cause a BSOD. For example, a bad device driver, a hardware conflict, oreven an error in the Registry may prompt a BSOD. One of the most common causes of a BSOD is that

Windows cant boot from the hard drive. Corrupted data on a hard drive can cause a BSOD, as can theinstallation of incompatible memory modules. The most common type of BSOD is a fatal exception error,

an error that forces the current application to shut down. This happens when an unexpected event, orexception, occurs. If no code exists to handle the exception, the program cannot proceed, and windows will

display a fatal exception error message. For more information about fatal exception errors, see The FatalException Error: Deciphering Processor Exception Codes. With so many possible causes, it helps to

understand the parts of a BSOD and its language so you can diagnose the problem.

Q10. What is Device Manager.Ans: Manually Configure Devices By Using Device ManagerWhen you install a non-Plug and Play device, the resource settings for the device are not automaticallyconfigured. Depending on the type of device that you are installing, you may have to manually configure

these settings. Instructions for doing so should be supplied in the manual that came with your device.

WARNING: Changing resource settings improperly can disable your hardware and cause your computer to

malfunction or become inoperable. You should only change resource settings if you are certain that the newsettings do not conflict with other hardware, or if a hardware manufacturer has provided you with specificresource settings for a device. Use caution before you use the following procedure.

To configure devices:1. Click Start, click Control Panel, click Performance and Maintenance, and then click System.2. On the Hardware tab, click Device Manager. Double-click the type of device you want to change.

3. Double-click the specific device you want to change. If the device has resources settings that you canchange, the Resources tab is visible.

4. Click the Resources tab, and then click to clear the Use automatic settings check box. This check boxmight be unavailable if you have selected a non-Plug and Play device.

5. In Setting based on, click the hardware configuration you want to change.6. In the Resource settings box, click the resource type you want to change in the Resource type column.

7. Click Change Setting, and then type a new value for the resource type.

Q11. What is If you see a ? in device manager what it mean?Ans: When you use Device Manager, you have a graphical view of the hardware that is installed on your

computer. You can use Device Manager to change the way your hardware is configured, and to change theway your hardware interacts with your computer's microprocessor.


16/24



When you use Device Manager, you can:- Determine if the hardware on your computer is working properly.- Change hardware configuration settings.

- Identify the device drivers that are loaded for each device and obtain information about each device driver.- Change advanced settings and properties for devices.

- Install updated device drivers.

- Disable, enable, and uninstall devices.- Reinstall the previous version of a driver.- Identify device conflicts and manually configure resource settings.

- Print a summary of the devices that are installed on your computer.Typically, Device Manager is used to check the status of computer hardware and update device drivers on

the computer. If you are an advanced user, and you have a thorough understanding of computer hardware,you can use Device Manager's

diagnostic features to resolve device conflicts, and change resource settings.

To access Device Manager, use any of the following methods:- Click Start, click Run, and then type "devmgmt.msc" (without the quotation marks).

- Right-click My Computer, click Manage, and then click Device Manager.- Right-click My Computer, click Properties, click the Hardware tab, and then click Device Manager.

- Type the following command at a command prompt: start devmgmt.msc

If you want to access Device Manager on a local or remote computer:1. Click Start, click Run, and then type "mmc" (without the quotation marks).2. Click Add/Remove Snap In on the File menu (or press CTRL+M), click Add, and then click Device

Manager. When you use this procedure, a shortcut to Device Manager is created that you can use to openDevice Manager.


17/24



Q13. What is standby mode and hibernation tell the difference in between..

Ans: Standby: Conserve Battery PowerStandby reduces the power consumption of your computer by cutting power to hardware components that

you are not using. Standby can cut power to peripheral devices, your monitor, even your hard drive, butmaintains power to your computer's memory so you don't lose your work.

You can put your computer in standby automatically or manually. Automatic standby is handled by yourcomputer through the power scheme settings. If your computer is idle for a specified period of time, it goes

into power-saving standby mode. Manual standby requires you to specify an action that puts your computerin standby modeclosing the lid of your computer, pressing the power button, or pressing the sleep button.

You can also select standby when you shut down Windows from the Start button. For the best managementof your battery power, you should consider initiating both automatic and manual standby.

Important: Airlines might request that you turn off your computer during certain portions of the flight,

such as takeoff and landing. To comply with this request, you must turn off your computer completely.Make sure that your computer is not on standby and that you shut down your computer completely. Also, if

your Tablet PC is equipped with a cellular modem, make sure that it is turned off.

How to put your computer on standby automatically1.On the taskbar, tap the Startbutton, and then tap Control Panel.

2.Tap Performance and Maintenance, and then tap Power Options.3.On the Power Schemes tab, underPower schemes, tap the down arrow and then select the power scheme

that you want to use.UnderSettings for power scheme, you can review System standby settings and adjust them if you prefer.

For more information on power schemes, see the how-to article Use Power Schemes.

How to put your computer on standby manually1.On the taskbar, tap the Startbutton, and then tap Control Panel.2.Tap Performance and Maintenance, and then tap Power Options.

3.Tap the Advanced tab.4.If your Tablet PC has a lid (convertible style), underWhen I close the lid of my portable computer or

When I press the power button on my computer, tap Stand by.

or If your Tablet PC does not have a lid (slate tablet style), underWhen I press the power button onmy computer, tap Stand by.

5.Tap OK.Your computer will go on standby when you close the lid or press the power button of your Tablet PC. You

can also put your computer into standby by tapping Start, then Shut Down, and then selecting Stand by


18/24



from the list. Or your computer may have a dedicated sleep button that can be used to put your Tablet PC on

standby. See your Tablet PC manufacturer's instructions.

Hibernate: Avoid Losing Your WorkHibernate saves an image of your desktop with all open files and documents, and then it powers down your

computer. When you turn on power, your files and documents are open on your desktop exactly as you left

them.

How to put your Tablet PC into hibernation when your battery power reaches a critically low level

1.On the taskbar, tap the Startbutton, and then tap Control Panel.

2.Tap Performance and Maintenance, and then tap Power Options.3.Tap the Hibernate tab, select the Enable hibernation check box, and tap Apply.

4.Tap the Alarms tab.5.UnderCritical battery alarm, select the Activate critical battery alarm when power level reaches

check box and specify the power level by moving the slider.6.Tap the Alarm Actionbutton under the slider, and underAlarm action, select the When the alarm goes

off the computer will: check box.7.In the list, select Hibernate.

Que.14. Recovery console, what is repairing a window and when it is used?

Ans: Recovery ConsoleThe Recovery Console is a feature of the Windows 2000, Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 operating

systems. It provides the means for administrators to perform a limited range of tasks using a command lineinterface. Its primary function is to enable administrators to recover from situations where Windows does

not boot as far as presenting its graphical user interface.

How to invoke the recovery consoleThe recovery console may be entered in one of two ways:

1. From the operating system installation CD-ROM2. Via the boot-time menu presented by NTLDR

1. Invoking the recovery console from the installation CD-ROMThe recovery console is always available from the operating system installation CD-ROM. To invoke it, an

administrator simply boots the computer from the CD-ROM. From the operating system setup utility, Win2000 users have to select two menu options ("To repair a Windows 2000 installation, press R." and then "To

repair a Windows 2000 installation by using the recovery console, press C.") whereas Windows XP usershave to select just one ("To repair a Windows XP installation using recovery console, press R.")

2. Invoking the recovery console from the NTLDR menu

The recovery console can also be configured as an option on the boot-time menu that is presented byNTLDR. This is not included by default when the operating system is first installed. Instead, administrators

have to run the winnt32 utility with the /cmdcons switch, which adds the recovery console to the NTLDRmenu, ready for when the machine is next bootstrapped.

This requires that the system is not damaged to the extent that the Windows NT Startup Process cannot evenreach the point of running NTLDR.


19/24



Tasks that can be performed via the recovery console

The recovery console has a simple command line interpreter. Many available on Windows, namely attrib,

copy, del and so forth.

From the recovery console an administrator can:

Create and remove directories, and copy, erase, display, and rename files. Enable and disable services (which modifies registry, to take effect when the system is next

bootstrapped).

Write a new Master Boot Record to a disc, using the fixmbr command.

Write a new Volume Boot Record to a volume, using the fixboot command.

Format volumes.

Expand files from the compressed format in which they are stored on the installation CD-ROM.

Perform a full CHKDSK scan to repair disks/files, especially if computer cannot start properly.

File system access on the recovery console is by default severely limited. An administrator using therecovery console has only read-only access to all volumes except for the boot volume, and even on the boot

volume only access to the root directory and to the Windows system directory (e.g. \WINNT). This can bechanged by changing Security Policies to enable read/write access to the complete file system including

copying files from removable media (i.e. floppy drives).

Q15. What is Plug n play devices.

Ans: Plug-and-play Devices

Plug and play is a computer feature that allows the addition of a new device, normally a peripheral, withoutrequiring reconfiguration or manual installation of device drivers. This concept should not be confused with

the specific branded ISA add-on technology marketed by Intel and Microsoft. Historically this technologyhas been referred to, tongue in cheek, as Plug and Pray, on account of early implementations working poorly

or not at all. Modern plug-and-play includes both the traditional boot-time assignment of I/O addresses andinterrupts to prevent conflicts and identify drivers, as well as hotplug systems such as USB and Firewire.

Que 16. What is windows vista? What features its having?

Ans: Windows Vista is a substantial advance in Windows, with significant innovations in the developerplatform. Windows Vista makes it easier than ever before to build applications that are more secure,

reliable, and manageable. Windows Vista also enables developers and designers to create user-experiencebreakthroughs that improve usability and enable greater relevance to the work users do. Finally, Windows

Vista makes it easy to connect to information, systems, people, and devices though a number of innovativeintegration technologies.


20/24



Some More Technical Troubleshooting

1. Disk Cleanup Utility:

To keep a PC running smoothly, regular maintenance is critical. Many users shy away from maintenance tasks, thinking it is a

long, drawn out manual affair, but the Disk Cleanup Utility can easily determine which files on a hard drive may no longer be

needed and delete those files. In addition to freeing up potentially significant amounts of hard drive space, using Disk Cleanup on

a regular basis can significantly improve system performance.

Starting Disk Cleanup: Disk Cleanup is available on both Home and Professional versions of XP. The utility can be accessed in

any of the methods listed below.

ClickStart | Programs | Accessories | SystemTools | DiskCleanup

ClickStart | Run and in the Open box type cleanmgr and clickOK

In Windows Explorer or My Computer, right-click the disk in which you want to free up space, click Properties, click theGeneral tab, and then clickDiskCleanup.

Use the drop down menu arrow to select the drive you want to clean.

Click [OK] and Disk Cleanup will analyze the selected drive to determine the amount of space that can be freed.

Once the drive analysis is complete a list of file categories will be presented for your selection.

Instead of automatically proceeding with cleanup once the drive analysis is complete, Disk Cleanup allows you to review the

categories of files that can be deleted. Click on any of the categories to display more information relative to that category in the

Description section of the window. If you're unsure if you want to delete the files in a category from the description, use the

[ViewFiles] button. A complete list of files scheduled for deletion will be displayed in Windows Explorer. Use drag and drop to

move any files you want to save to a safe location and leave the category selected. If all the files are to be saved, close the

window and then remove the checkmark from the file category so it will not be included in the disk cleanup. After all the

categories have been reviewed, click [OK] to begin the disk cleanup process.


21/24

File Categories in Disk Cleanup Utility

There are a number of different types of file categories that Disk Cleanup targets when it performs the initial disk analysis.

Depending on the individual system, you may or may not have all the categories listed below. An excellent example of this would

be Backup Files from a Previous Operating System. If a clean install of XP was performed then this category will not exist. It

pays to click on each of the categories and note that the [View Files] button can change depending on the category selected.

Downloaded Program FilesThese are ActiveX controls and Java applets downloaded from Web sites that are temporarily stored in the Downloaded Program

Files folder. It's not program files or zip files that you have downloaded from other locations.

Temporary Internet FilesThis refers to Internet Explorer's cache of Web pages that are stored on the hard drive for quicker viewing. None of your personal

web settings are affected by selecting this category, nor does it delete any cookie files.

Recycle BinThe main thing to be aware of in this category is that it only refers to the Recycle Bin for the selected hard drive or partition. This

is important since XP uses an individual Recycle Bin for each drive and partition, not just one as is the case in some Windows

versions.

Temporary Remote Desktop Files

These files are the result of using the Remote Desktop utility. If you repeatedly use Remote Desktop with the same computer or

group of computers, leaving these files intact will maintain the speed of future connections. Deleting them will necessitate

downloading the remote systems icons and wallpaper the next time a connection is established.




22/24

Setup Log Files

These are really pretty useless unless you have a specific reason to go back and see what occurred during XP setup.

Backup Files For Previous Operating System

I mentioned this category earlier as one you may not have, but if you did upgrade from a previous Windows version and selected

the option to be able to uninstall XP, it may well exist. It takes some major hard drive space to copy all the files necessary to back

up a previous system's core files, drivers, etc. This entry can range anywhere from a few hundred megabytes up to a gigabyte, so

unless you are still considering dumping XP this is a good category to select.

Offline FilesUsers with slower dialup connections and those using laptops frequently make websites they use often available offline.Depending on how many levels deep you save the sites, they can eat up gigabytes of hard drive space very quickly. Worse than

taking up space, the sites often contain outdated information. A good candidate for deletion.

Compress Old Files

Unlike the other categories, Compress Old Files doesn't delete any files from the drive. It compresses files that Windows hasn't

accessed for a specified period of time. The files are still available, but there will be a slight increase in access times because the

files will be decompressed the next time they are accessed. Note that when Compress Old Files is highlighted an Options button

appears. Clicking it will allow you to set the number of days to wait before an unaccessed file is compressed.

There may be other categories that appear in your Disk Cleanup window, but in all cases, highlighting the item will display anexplanation of the category in the Description area.

More Options Tab

In addition to the categories that appear on the Disk Cleanup tab, the More Options tab offers additional opportunities for freeing

up hard drive real estate. There is nothing on this tab that isn't available elsewhere within XP in stand alone fashion, but having

them grouped here does serve as a convenient reminder.

In Windows XP there are three choices available on the More Options tab: Windows Components, Installed Programs, and

System Restore.




23/24

Windows Components

The Cleanup button in the Windows Components section launches the Windows Components Wizard. Select a general category

of components and drill down using the Details button to locate the desired Windows component.

Installed Programs

The Cleanup button in the Installed Programs section opens the Add/Remove Programs dialog box. Any installed program can be

removed by selecting the individual program and clicking the Change/Remove button. You cannot batch programs together to be

removed. Each removal operation must be treated as a separate entity.

System Restore

Clicking the Cleanup button in the System Restore section opens a dialog box where it asks if you are sure you want to delete all

but the most recent restore point. The difference between using this option and going directly to System Restore is that you have

no option to selectively delete restore points with this method. It's "all but most recent" or nothing when accessed via Disk

Cleanup. Click Yes or No depending on your choice.

Post Disk Cleanup Procedures

Using Disk Cleanup will almost certainly rid your system of a substantial amount of unneeded files. You could stop here and notsuffer any ill consequences, but there are a lot of gaps and empty spaces on the hard drive where the files were removed. This

would be an excellent time to run Disk Defragmenter to organize the hard drive into contiguous sections. The hard drive heads

will spend less time seeking all the pieces of a file and you'll see another performance boost.

2. How To Backup System Data:

Click Start, point to All Programs, point to Accessories, point to System Tools, and then click Backup.


Contact Me:

Santosh Kumar

Technical Associate

Cell Phone: +91-9899176035, +91-9311550028

E-Mail: [email protected], [email protected]

You have the power in your mind to change your future.. So take a step and change your life..


24/24

technical round main

Documents