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ASCRS ASOA Symposium & Congress Technicians & Nurses Program May 6-10, 2016 New Orleans

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Page 1: Technicians & Nurses Programascrs16.expoplanner.com/handouts_tn/000116...a0, a1 and a2 so that: ... Axial length and K readings are usually close to the ... Repeat axial length when

ASCRS ♦ ASOA Symposium & Congress

Technicians & Nurses Program

May 6-10, 2016 – New Orleans

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ADVANCEDBIOMETRY

ANDIOLCALCULATIONS

ADVANCEDBIOMETRY

ANDIOLCALCULATIONS

KarenBachman,COMT,ROUBTheEyeInstituteofUtah

Financial Disclosures 

No relevant disclosures 

FiveAreasContributetoAchievingthePlannedRefractiveGoalFiveAreasContributetoAchievingthePlannedRefractiveGoal

A‐ScanBiometry/LaserInterferometry A‐scans by ultrasound/applanation method or ultrasound by immersion  method Vs. laser interferometry (IOL Master or Lenstar)

Keratometry

K’s by manual method; topography, autokeratometer, IOL Master‐Lenstar

Accurate K’s are critical for surgeon to plan astigmatic management for LRI’s and Toric IOL’s 

IOLCalculations

IOL formulas utilizing newer generation formulas, Holladay 1, Holladay 2, Haigis, Olsen, Barrett; SRK/T

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SurgicalTechnique

Surgical technique (out of our control)

5th area is patient selection

A‐ScanFacts

50% of a surgeon’s post operative surprises are A‐Scan errors (Olsen)

Errors of 2.00D or more are almost always A‐Scan related (Holladay)

All A‐Scan unitsmake mistakes with echo interpretation!

Accuratescansareachievedbyunderstandingthefollowing:

Tissue Velocities

Echo Patterns

Technique

Sources of Error

StandardDimensions

• Average axial length = 23.5 mm

• Average K reading= 43 to 44 diopters

• Average ACD = 3.24mm

• Axial length usually within 0.3 mm between the two eyes

• 96% of axial lengths are typically within 21.00 ‐25.5

• 60% are between 22.5 to 24.50 

A‐scanBiometry

GeneralReasonsforUse/applanation Dense cataracts

Poor fixation

Measurements under anesthesia

Confirmation of optical biometry

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EchoRepresentation:Whatwelookforinechoes

Echoes should be tall and steeply rising. There should be little or no “stair steps” in leading edge of retinal echo.

Both eyes should always be measured!PhakicScans:applanation

Probe tip/Cornea, anterior lens, posterior lens, retina/sclera/orbital fat.

Immersion image  Immersion

Probe Tip Echo 

Cornea. Double‐peaked echo shows  anterior and posterior surfaces.

Anterior lens capsule.

Posterior lens capsule.

Retina. 

Sclera.

Orbital fat. 

AphakicScans:

Cornea, capsule remnant (sometimes), retina/sclera/orbital fat.

PseudophakicScans:

Cornea, IOL, echo with reverberations, retina/sclera/orbital fat.

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ProbeAlignment OpticalBiometry

OpticalBiometryvs.Immersion?

How do they differ?

Ultrasound measures the anatomical axial length‐ anterior pole to posterior pole of eye.

Iolmaster /Lenstar measure the optical axial length‐vertex of cornea directly to the fovea.

Use same A‐constant for both 

IOLMaster

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LENSTARLS900

Keratometry

Measures corneal curvature

Essential in determining IOL power

Test should be performed prior to A‐Scan 

Cornea is responsible for 2/3 of the refraction of light rays and the lens is responsible for 1/3

If K is off by .75 then your post op refraction will be off same amount 

SourcesofKeratometry Errors

Unfocused eye piece Failure to calibrate unit Measurement off axis Poor patient fixation Dry eyes Excessive tears Droopy eyelids Ointment or lubricating gel on cornea Irregular shape of cornea

IOLCalculations

3rdGenerationFormulas

What is the difference between formulas?–basically in how the formula calculates the final position of the IOL– known as the ELP or effective lens position‐ all utilize the axial length and central cornea power only.

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Haigis Formula

The Haigis Formula uses three constants:a0, a1 and a2 so that: D=the effective lens positionD=a0 + (a1*ACD) + (a2*AL)

These constants are derived by tracking outcomes specific to the surgeon and the implant model, the numbers are adjusted based on post operative results.

2‐VariableFormulas‐‐‐

All of the 2‐variable formulas assume that the distance from the cornea to the IOL is proportional to the axial length.  Meaning that short eyes will always have shallow anterior chambers and long eyes will have deeper anterior chambers.  

HolladayII/Barrett‐Multi–Variable

Axial length

Corneal curvature

ACD

White ‐ to ‐white

Lens thickness

Age

Refractive error (prior to cataract if available)

UnderstandingFormulasandtheir“Constant”

This value represents where we anticipate the IOL to sit in relationship to the cornea. Specifically, how near or far from the cornea. The “constant” will decrease with an AC IOL as compared to a PC IOL. The ACL sits closer to the cornea therefore less power is needed.

(Established by Manufacturer)

TherearecurrentlythreeIOLconstantsinuse:

•The SRK/T formula uses an “A-Constant” 118.9

•The Holladay 1 Formula uses a “Surgeon Factor” 1.56

•The Holladay 2 Formula, and the Hoffer Q Formula 5.2both use an “anterior chamber depth” or ACD

•The Barrett Universal Formula uses LF- Lens Factor

• Olsen uses a C-Constant

WhydoIOL’svaryinA‐Constants?

Materials of IOL differ‐ acrylic vs. silicone vs. pmma cause different refraction indexes

Front and back surface curvatures differ

IOL’s sit differently within bag due to haptic design and angles

How do I choose what A‐Constant to use?

Check with your rep; doctor‐hill.com; ULIB site; call other practices familiar with that IOL and outcomes 

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DataNeededforCustomizing

20 to 30 cases with same IOL and good post‐operative outcome

Axial length

Keratometry readings (pre‐ operative)

Implant power

Target  post‐operative manifest refraction

Final post‐operative refraction

IOL Master and Lenstar have optimization programs‐utilize them!

TroubleshootingPre‐operativeData Patient history should correspond with testing data

Axial length and K readings are usually close to the same in both eyes.—confirm refractive error history 

Repeat axial length when there is a difference of .30mm or more between the two eyes

Repeat K’s with a difference of 1 diopter or more

Refer to any previous data in chart. Compare the IOL power calculations for both eyes.  If there is a difference of 1 diopter or more review data entered for accuracy.

SourcesofErrorandthePostoperativeImpact A‐Scans ‐A 1mm error in axial length will equal 

almost 3 diopters in the post op refraction

AL too Short ‐The post op refraction will be more myopic than anticipated.  This will be seen with corneal indentation or poor probe alignment.

AL too Long ‐The post op refraction will be more hyperopic than anticipated.  This can happen when a fluid bridge is created between the cornea and probe tip or with poor probe alignment.

EvaluationofStandardDeviation

SourcesofErrorandthePostoperativeImpact

Formula Selection ‐Using an outdated formula can have poor results primarily with long and short eyes.  Be sure the correct constant is used for each IOL in the formula.

Equipment ‐Non‐calibration can influence post op outcomes

IOL Master/Lenstar ‐Change AL settings for pseudophakic/phakic eyes/eyes with silicone oil 

SmallErrorsAddUP

Axial Length (.20mm) = .50D

K Readings = .50D

IOL Power = .25D

Formula = 1.00D

A-Constant = .50D

TOTAL = 2.75D !

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Customize the formula used ..Get past using only the calculation that your Iolmaster or Lenstar spits out‐run multiple formulas, use H2; use Barrett, Haigis, Olson‐ does one formula really meet every patient’s needs? 

SpecialChallenges

Should utilize newer formulas

Recommend Holladay 2 consultant

Measure anterior chamber depth

Lens thickness

Measure corneal diameter or “white to white”

Short and Long Eyes

Comparison Holladay 2

Holladay 1

Haigis SRK/T Barrett

AXL: 28.00

K=43.00

A=118.95

+9.00w/adj=

+10.00 !

+9.00 +8.50 +9.50 +9.00

AXL: 24.00

K=43.00

A=118.95

+20.50 +20.00 +21.00 +20.50 +20.50

AXL: 20.00

K=43.00

A=118 95

+35.00 +36.00 +39.00 +34.00 +37.00

FormulaComparisons PostRefractiveSurgeryPatients

Very Challenging!

Obtain as many different types of K‐readings as possible

Use ascrs.org link – choose myopic lasik or hyperopic lasik or RK template 

Understand how to review topography

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CornealTopography

CornealTopography– theaxiswithtopoiscriticalfortoric IOLcalculations Uses a placido disk technology of concentric rings located on the projection head assembly

Measures the distance between the rings and their relationships with each other

System can reconstruct the corneal surface with a higher degree of precision and identify micro irregularities – helps to identify aberrations 

CornealTopography

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PreviousHyperopicLASIK PreviousMyopicLASIK

Keratoconus PatientExpectations

Acurate IOL calculations as noted by Dr. Warren Hill first begin with the surgeon identifying the patient’s visual goals. This may be a common discussion Lasik surgeons have with patient but is overlooked many times with cataract patient. Emmetropia may not always be the goal. The “devil is in the details.”!

How do we get better?

‐Patient selection and education

‐Accurate biometry and tight K’s/axis

‐IOL Calculation  Formula selection

‐Optimization for best constant

‐Tracking of outcomes

Long Eye Axial Adjustment

Wang‐Koch adjustment

Holladay 1 –optimized AL=.829 x AL +4.266

Example  ‐measured AL of 29.00 x.829=24.04 +4.266=adjusted AL of 28.30!

SRK T formula  AL x .854 +3.722

Consider B‐scans for eyes over 30 mm long 

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Long Eyes…

See www.doctor‐hill.com for great information on long eye calculations

When adjusting axial use the new value ONLY in the formula noted, and do NOT use adjusted axial in post refractive formulas

Do NOT use adjusted AXL in Barrett II calculator‐use measured value 

Short eye challenges 

Short eye calculations– suggest immersion after Iolmaster or Lenstar

Short eye calculations do best with LT (lens thickness)– Lenstar and Immersion measure LT,  newer Iolmaster does also; but original IOLm’s do not measure LT

Short eyes are hyperopic eyes, any error in AXL is highly magnified in proportion to length of eye – accuracy very important

HelpfulLinks

www.doctor‐hill.com‐‐ great info on polypseudophakiccalculations; piggyback; refractive vergence formula;  bag to sulcus

www.docholladay.com

Holladay II Software

www.ascrs.com

http://www.augenklinik.uni‐wuerzburg.de/ulib/index.htm

http://www.apacrs.org/barrett_universal2/

THANK YOU!!

Contact information:

Karen Bachman, COMT, ROUB1 (801) 263-5757

[email protected]