The world’s leading economies view intellectual property (IP) standards as essential to the success of any 21st century economy. IP provides the living and growing roots that stimulate innovation and bolster growth. And those with the strongest IP systems stand to reap the greatest economic rewards.

Now, the fifth edition of the Chamber’s Index, “The Roots of Innovation,” offers a roadmap for policymakers and thought leaders to enhance their competitiveness through stronger IP. It is a playbook for those looking to attract the world’s best and brightest.

The 2017 Index benchmarks the IP standards in 45 global economies, representing roughly 90% of global GDP. The 45 economies covered in the Index include:

32.6232.3931.92

31.2930.87 30.99

28.62

29.86

28.3127.7327.48

27.07

25.39

24.0523.00

22.2721.44

20.59

17.1916.8715.9815.8015.5315.2415.2215.1414.8314.3414.1814.0613.95

13.2312.70

11.7810.9710.5910.3410.059.649.539.34 9.38

8.758.37

6.88

U.S.

Sout

h Ko

rea

Mal

aysia

Viet

nam

New

Zea

land

Peru

Arge

ntin

a

Fran

ce

Swed

en

Pola

nd

Brun

ei

Alge

ria

Ger

man

y

Israe

l

Ukra

ine

Keny

a

Ecua

dor

UK

Cana

da

UAE

Indo

nesia

Switz

erla

nd

Taiw

an

Chin

a

Indi

a

Paki

stan

Sing

apor

e

Colo

mbi

a

Sout

h Af

rica

Thai

land

Egyp

t

Italy

Spai

n

Mex

ico

Saud

i Ara

bia

Braz

il

Philip

pine

s

Vene

zuel

a

Aust

ralia

Hung

ary

Chile

Turk

ey

Japa

n

Russ

ia

Nig

eria

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

THE ROOTS OF INNOVATION2017 U.S. Chamber Index Fact Sheet

IP

R&D expenditure

Access to venture capital

Innovative outputs

Cutting-edge clinicalresearch

Access to advanced technologies

Access to licensed music outlets

Foreign direct investment attractiveness

Increase in high-value jobs

Key Findings

A number of IP trends emerged over the last year. Positive IP developments highlighted in the Index include:• A pack of global IP leaders emerged among the 2017 Index rankings, with the U.S., UK, Japan, and EU economies, ranked more closely together than ever. • A number of countries introduced new enforcement mechanisms and specialized IP courts to better combat counterfeiting and piracy. • Free trade agreements signed in 2016 helped raise the bar for protection of life sciences IP, copyrighted content online, and enforcement against IP theft. • Various governments undertook a review of their IP laws, recognizing that IP laws must keep pace with the emerging challenges IP owners face. • Economies leveraged international partnerships through Patent Prosecution Highways.

Despite these positive developments, some countries took steps to restrict IP rights in 2016. • Countries introduced new requirements for local production, procurement, and manufacturing. • While the Indian government issued the National Intellectual Property Rights Policy in 2016, IP-intensive industries continued to face challenges in the India. • A number of governments attempted to limit the scope of patentability via both judicial decisions and legislation. • Both individual governments and representatives of the multilateral institutions encouraged public officials to utilize compulsory licenses and expand

exceptions and limitations in the name of increasing access.

Japan’s score increased by 10% due to ratification of TPP and accession to the Index treaties.

South Korea passed amendments to the Patent Law.

Russia introduced new forced localization measures.

Uncertainty around software patentability, Section 3(d) of the Patent Law, and High Court copyright decisions in India continue to present challenges.

Indonesia’s Patent Law included a heightened efficacy requirement and outlawed second use claims.

South Africa introduced new local procurement policies.

Colombia threatened to use a compulsory license to drive down pharmaceutical prices.

Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru

signed Patent Prosecution Highway agreements.

Pakistan introduced new criminal penalties for IP infringement.

UAE created a specialized IPR Court.

Canada signed the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA), which raises the bar for life sciences IP protection.