technologies for ccs on natural gas power systems satish reddy april 2104
TRANSCRIPT
Technologies for CCS on Natural Gas Power Systems
Satish ReddyApril 2104
Presentation Focus
This presentation focuses on:– Solvent based Carbon Capture from Natural Gas based
power plants– Commercial and demonstration experience– Energy consumption minimization– Environmental impact
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Introduction
There are several technologies available for solvent
based Carbon Capture To name a few:
– Alstom– Aker Solutions– Cansolv– Fluor– MHI – Siemens
Few of these companies have demonstrated on natural
gas power systems
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Fluor’s Econamine FG+SM Experience
CO2 Capture Experience
Fluor has several decades of experience in CO2 projects and facilities, including:
– Capture
Pre- and post-combustion including Fluor's Econamine FG+ technology
Gas processing: Removal of CO2 from synthesis gas & natural gas; over 400 units
– Transport
Pipelines, piping systems, compression and pumping
Drying
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Fluor’s Econamine FG+SM Experience
One of the most proven post-combustion CO2 capture
process available:– Vast body of commercial experience– 28 plants to date– Fluor has been active in post-combustion capture since
the late 1980s
Suitable for a range of O2 and CO2 containing gas
streams– CO2 : 3% to 20% by volume
– O2 : 1 to 15% by volume
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Fluor’s Econamine FG+SM Experience
Commercially proven on gas
– Bellingham NGCC Power Plant
– Several Gas Engines in Power Generation
Demonstrated on coal
– Wilhelmshaven Econamine FG+ Demonstration Plant
Commercially proven on low-grade fuel oil
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Commercial Experience on Gas Turbine Exhaust
Project Profile: Bellingham, MA
Capacity 360 tons/d 40 MW flue gas flow from NGCC power plant CO2 Concentration: 3.5% v/v
O2 Concentration: 13 to 14% v/v
100% air cooled Product Usage: Food-grade CO2
Continuous commercial operation from 1991 to
2005 (14 years) 98.5% on-stream factor in 2004 Shutdown due to high natural gas price
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History of EFG+ - Bellingham Plant
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Aerial View Ground View
Challenges and Mitigation Strategies
Column Scale-up
Columns of 20 m or 60 ft are not common
Proper gas and liquid distribution
At the same time, pressure drop needs to minimized
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Large Column Example
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Fluor’s DGA Plant in Ulthamaniyah, Saudi Arabia
Absorber with large diameter
Large Column Example
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Large diameter vacuum column being delivered to a
Fluor in the USA.
Column Scale-up
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Column Scale-up
Mitigation Strategies
– Build absorption system in multiple trains: Downside is
higher CAPEX
– Conduct CFD analysis and use proven scale-up
measures
– Learn from other applications where large columns have
been deployed
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Energy Consumption
Typical electric load for a NGCC capture unit:– Capture 35%– Compression 65%
Compression is a mature technology. – Efficiency is very high: Approximately 85% to 88%– Not much room for improvement
Room for improvement in capture energy consumption– Steam demand is between 2.6 to 2.8 GJ/t– Many claims of lower steam demand have not been
substantiated
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Emissions
Typical emissions include the following species:– Ammonia– VOCs– Solvent vapor
With some processes: nitrosamines Measurement techniques including online analyses
have considerably improved
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Summary
It is time for large scale natural gas based demo plants
to be built in the US Useful demonstration scale is 200 to 250 MW Proven solvents should be considered instead of
“chasing the rainbow” There is much more to building a robust and energy
efficient plant that just pure chemistry Systematic quantification of environmental performance
is required.
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Questions
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