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TRANSCRIPT
Technologies to Enable Wind Power Integration
John Kehler
Technical Lead – System Performance
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Presentation Outline
• The AESO
• Overview of Wind Development in Alberta
• Technologies
– Wind Power Forecasting
– System Operator Tools
– Flexible Resources• Supply resources
• Demand resources
• Supply-demand resources (storage)
• Access to Flexible Resources
– Interties
– Wind Power Management
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Who is the AESO
• Established in 2003 through the Electric Utility Act
• Independent System Operator
• Not for profit organization
• Independent of market participants
• Governed by independent board appointed by the Minister of Energy
• Regulated by the Alberta Utilities Commission
• Operation funded through Trading Charge and Transmission Tariff
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AESO Mandate
• Market DevelopmentDesign a fair, efficient and openly competitive market for electricity.
• Transmission System DevelopmentPlan and develop a reliable transmission system that facilitates the competitive market and investment in new supply.
• Transmission System AccessProvide system access for generation and load customers.
• System and Market OperationsDirect the reliable operation of the electricity system and market.
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Alberta’s Electric Industry
• 10,236 MW peak and 80% LF• 12,781 MW total generation
• Over 280 generating units• Wholesale market with about 200
market participants• > 21,000 km of transmission • Interties BC (up to 780 MW) & Sask.
(up to 150 MW)
BC
AlbertaSask
5,946 MW
5,071 MW (Other renewables)264 MW
(Wind)629 MW
871 MW
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Wind Power Development
• 629 MW of transmission connected wind generation today
• Additional facilities will be commissioned by the end of 2010
• Staged transmission plans in place to accommodate up to 4000 MW in the next few years
• 8000 MW of wind generation interest in the queue today
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Wind Integration and Power Systems
• The discussion will focus primarily on supply demand balancing
• Wind power will introduce Variability and Uncertainty into system operations and planning
• Variability of supply resources requires Flexibility of other resources to keep the system in supply-demand balance
– Flexible resources can be supply resources or load resources
• Uncertainty can be reduced through accurate Forecasting
• Technology will help you either;
– Manage Variability
– Manage Uncertainty
– Reduce Uncertainty / Variability
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Wind Integration and Power Systems
• Manage Variability
– Flexible resources and access to Flexible resources
– Power management of the variable resources
• Manage Uncertainty
– Typically automatic controls such AGC and Regulating Reserves (Additional ramping services are being looked at in Alberta)
– Reduce Uncertainty
– Forecasting
– Power management of the variable resources
Technology to Enable Wind Integration
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Wind Power Forecasting
• 2005 – AESO studies indicate increased uncertainty and variability from wind generation require mitigation. Wind power forecasting is one of the mitigating tools.
• Pilot project ran from 2007 to 2008
• Work group recommendations to AESO Q3 2008
• Stakeholder consultation Q2 2009
• Contract signed with WEPROG – Jan 2010 to provide;
– Long term forecast
– Short term (ramp tuned) forecast• Wind power forecast based on global weather data (long term) posted on the
AESO website – June 2010
• Short term forecasting requirements and systems are under development
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Wind Power Forecasting Forecast Example
http://www.aeso.ca/gridoperations/20874.html
Uncertainty in the forecast magnitude
Uncertainty in the forecast time
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Wind Power Forecasting Monthly Performance
http://www.aeso.ca/gridoperations/20877.html
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System Operator Tools
• We anticipate that the wind power forecasts will have a;
– much larger degree of error (magnitude and time) as compared to load forecasts
– high degree of variability
– high degree of uncertainty
• Therefore, we considered more innovative and meaningful ways to provide forecasting information to the system operator.
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System Operator Tools
• Integrating forecasts into market operation will have varied use from a “dispatch decision” to keep the system in balance over the next 20 minutes to “resource decisions” in the next few hour to days.
Intra-Hour Intra-day Day-Ahead +
Market InformationOperating reserve forecasts and procurement
Supply adequacy assessment
- Market Information- Additional Operating
Reserve dispatches-ATC posting updates-Short term adequacy
-assessment
EnergyMarket
dispatches
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System Operator ToolsDispatch Decision Support Tool
System Supply and Control
• Energy Market Merit Order
• Generator ramping characteristics
• Regulating reserve merit order
• Load Supply Following (new)
• Wind Power Management (WPM) new
System Change• Load forecast
• Actual and forecast Interchange Schedules
•3 Modes for Wind power forecast
•Input External Wind Power Forecast and Uncertainty
•Persistence Forecast
•Persistence Ramp Forecast
System Considerations• ATC Limits
• Uncertainty Analysis (new)
System Status• What has been dispatched
• Actual generator output
ToolAssess the situation & risk of:
- System Ramping Capability- Supply Shortfall issue
- Supply Surplus (Zero-offer) issue- Minimum technical output issue
OTC violation issue
• Energy Market Dispatch• Trigger Supply surplus procedure• Trigger Supply shortfall procedure• Trigger Additional AS procedure• Trigger WPM procedure
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Flexible Resources to Enable Wind Integration
• Conventional Generation– Increase their ramp rate capability– Increase their operating range
• by decreasing minimum stable operating condition
– Increased flexibility can be offered to the energy or ancillary service markets
• Load Resources– Reduce or increase demand to system
operating needs– Reduction of demand can be offered in the
ancillary service markets (supplemental reserves)
– Exploring opportunities for demand response in the energy markets
http://cache3.asset-cache.net/xc/1345170.jpg?v=1&c=IWSAsset&k=2&d=77BFBA49EF878921F7C3FC3F69D929FD7BC2EAE07FF3BC2AB63CD5CF524E1D3B4FECAFC04AA11091E30A760B0D811297
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Flexible Resources to Enable Wind Integration
• Storage Facilities
– These are “very flexible” facilities
– Store energy when acting like a load
– Produce energy when acting like a generator
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Examples of Storage Facilities
http://www.keyitec.com/PowerBlock.jpg
http://web.ead.anl.gov/saltcaverns/images/compair.jpg
http://www.fhc.co.uk/images/pics/pumped_storage.jpg
http://www.electricitystorage.org/images/uploads/photo_flywheels_1large.jpg
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Interties and Flexibility
• Current practice is hourly intervals for schedules
• Future is to reduce the scheduling intervals
• This provides faster access to flexible resources in our jurisdictions
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What is Wind Power Management
• In Alberta this refers to the ability at a Wind Power Facility to:
– Ramp rate limit the MW output
– Power Limit the MW output
– Reduce the MW output to ‘over frequency’ conditions