technology & progression in ifm - amazon web services
TRANSCRIPT
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Technology & Progression in IFM
The use of technology for environmental monitoring Alastair Leake GWCT Allerton Project
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Technology for Wildlife Management “If you can’t measure it, you can’t manage it”
– Radio tracking (Pheasants and fish) – Satellite/ GPS tracking (Woodcock and
foxes) – Nest sensors – Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
(Squirrels)
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Breeding season songbird numbers are correlated with wild pheasant numbers the previous autumn.
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Autumn pheasant count
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Radiotracking is very useful for studying nes4ng ecology
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Radiotracking – Habitat use/preference
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Study the survival of pheasants (tags have a mortality switch so we can accurately determine when a bird has died)
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Cause of death - Fox predation
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Cause of death - Disease
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Radiotracking is very useful for studying nes4ng ecology
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Pheasant nest loca4ons on an arable farm in Norfolk
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Woodcock
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W Satellite-tracked woodcock 2013
www.woodcockwatch.com
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Avoidance of sea crossings
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Flight stage distances
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Distance flown (km)
Spring migration, between two consecutive Argos transmissions
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Timing of spring departure
14-Mar 17-Mar 20-Mar 23-Mar 26-Mar 29-Mar 01-Apr 04-Apr 07-Apr 10-Apr 13-Apr
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Spotted flycatcher breeding abundance
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Tagscost£0.40each
Readers/loggerscost£45eachincomponents
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RFIDreader/loggerscost£45each
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tota
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untagged tagged Hopper use
TAG
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Squirrels killed alltagged
hoppers first available
WoodB,4.69ha Feb-Jun201638squirrelskilled
=8.5/ha
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Waders are in decline nationally
• BTO Breeding Bird Survey, UK 1995-2011
• Lapwing -41% • Redshank -42% • Snipe +8%
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Lapwing populations
Annual adult survival = 75% First-year survival = 60% For a stable population, each pair needs to fledge on average 0.7 young Decline driven by reduced breeding success
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Lapwing productivity, Avon Valley
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Effects of lapwing and carrion crow density on nest survival
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Clutch predation
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Nest predated at 22:39
46% daylight, 4% twilight, 50% night
Temperature loggers:
Avon Valley 85% of clutch loss is due to predation (10% flooding, 5% trampling)
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Chick monitoring
0.4 g radio-tags with 30 day life
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Chick ranges and survival 2015 and 2016
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Predator monitoring Camera trapping: 45 cameras set in 179 different locations 1.15 million images in 2015
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Chick fates n = 208 dead chicks
Predated 83% Starved 14% Machinery/drowned 3%
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GWCT breakaway snare
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x
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The AIHTS Agreement on International Humane Trapping Standards (1998)
Ø TradeagreementbetweenEU,Canada,RussiaandUSA
Ø TrapstomeetcertainwelfarestandardsØ 80%capturestoshownopoorwelfareindicators
Ø Speciesincludesstoat(butnotredfoxormink)
Ø Deadlineis22ndJuly2016
Ø AbenchmarkfortesXngtraps
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GWCT breakaway snare
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1996
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GPS tracking of foxes
• How do foxes use wet grassland habitats? • Can we disrupt their foraging patterns by habitat manipulation? • Where should we create better chick-foraging habitats? • Does electrified fencing to exclude foxes work?
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IniXalcapture…
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AZeraweek…
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AZeramonth…
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01020304050607080
Curlew GoldenPlover Lapwing
Pairswith
chicks(%)
Predatorcontrol Nopredatorcontrol
The Upland Predation Experiment Otterburn (2000 - 2008)
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TheGWCTSalmon&TroutResearch
Centre
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Assessing Atlan4c salmon popula4ons
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The Main River Fish Counter
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102cm Salmon
Electrodes
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Side view camera - Salmon
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Counter verifica4on
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Passive Integrated Transponder Tagging
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BAFF
Adult Fish Counter and RAPID
Fluvarium and Smolt Counters
FBA River Laboratory
East Stoke infrastructure
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Bio Acoustic Fish Fence (BAFF) Deflect smolts from main river
PITdetectorsmeasuredeflecXonefficiency
BAFF
FlowdirecXon
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Bio Acoustic Fish Fence (BAFF)
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Electric Fishing - Methods • Classical (wading) fishing - Upstream
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Electric Fishing - Methods • Boom-Boat
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• Dacewithradiotag
Radiotracking
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Manual Tracking
• FixedStaXons
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Using technology for soil/ cover crop recording
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Using “Apps” to assess GAI
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hcp://www.agricentre.basf.co.uk/agroportal/uk/en/tools/website_tools/gai_cereals_cat_online/cat_online.html
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Green Area Index– 01/12/15 Mix1 Mix2 Mix3 Mix4
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ConvTill NIT
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Rainfall simulation
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Water infiltration measurements • Double ring
infiltrometer measures speed water moves into soil
• Using double ring prevents side flow
• Calibrated so drop in water levels equates to known amount of water
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Resistance to Penetration - Example
• Penetrometer records each reading to a depth of 45cm
• Download the data back in the office
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Resistance to Penetration - Example
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Farm1=Difficulttopenetratesoilfrom20cmonwards–impactonrootgrowthFarm2=obviousploughpanat20cmFarm3=limitedsoilstructure
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Mapping trees- Agro-forestry project • Collector app for
ArcGIS • Download base map • Can then add data
points in field • Each dot here
represents a different tree – colour represents a different species
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Recording habitat on a Landscape scale • Dedicated dairy supply chain in Cumbria and South West Scotland
• 100 farmers who all supply through First Milk.
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What were the results? • 478,839metresofhedge(473km).
• 390haofwoodland–42haASNW.
• 222,207metresofstonewall.
• 197,068metresofwatercourse.
• Thereare59pondson41farms.
• 71farmshavelowinputpermanentgrass.
• Only11farmsareinanagri-environmentscheme.
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Songbird populations in response to winter feeding
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Feeder filmed by night vision CCTV
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The proportion of time spent by different wildlife groups foraging at game feeders during separate studies in 2004 and 2008.
2004 2008
Gamebirds
Corvids
Small Birds
Mammals
Pigeons/Dove
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Figure1.Gamefeederlocationsandhabitatdetails.
FeedhoppersitehabitatdetailsA Inmatureashdominateddeciduouswoodland.20mfromlargewoodlandride.Largedrumgrainfeederwithin100m.
B Againstthin,1.2mtallhawthornhedgerowwithadjacentmaizebasedcovercrop.Wintercerealsinsurroundingfields.
C Bymoderatelydense,3mtallmixedspecieshedge.Maizebasedcovercropwithin50m.Wintercerealsinsurroundingfields.
D In15yearold,predominantlydeciduousplantation.Hoppersited10mfromwoodedge.Wintercerealsinsurroundingfields.
E Bymoderatelydense,1.4mhawthorndominatedhedge.Adjacentmaizebasedcovercrop(failed).Wintercerealsinsurroundingfields.
F Ingrassfieldmargin,5mfromhedgerow.Beneath2matureoaksgrowingonmargin.Winterrape,andpastureinadjacentfields.
G Against2mtall,thinsectionofreplantedhedgerow.Sparselyvegetatedmargin.Winterrapeandpermanentpastureinadjacentfields.
H Against1.5m,moderatelydensehedgerowborderinga25yearoldstripofmixedwoodland.2yroldKalebasedcovercroponfieldside.Wintercerealinsurroundingfields.
I Againstthin,1.4mtallhedgebygrasstrack.Adjacentmaizebasedcovercrop(failed).<10yearoldNorwaySpruceplantationonoppositesideofhedge.Wintercerealinadjacentfield.Matureashwoodland150maway.
J Below5mtall,predominantlyBlackthornhedge.Severalmaturehedgerowtreesnearby.Deepditchbelowhedge.Adjacentgrasstrackandmaizebasedcovercrop(failed).Wintercerealinsurroundingfields.Matureashwoodland150maway.
Game feeder locations & habitat details
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A B C D E F G H I J
Feeder
The proportion of time spent by the major foraging species at different feeders.
Others Yellowhammer Chaffinch Rook Pheasant Squirrel Mouse Rat
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Yellowhammers feeding
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• 28th June 2017 10.30 – 15.30
• www.gwct.org.uk/allerton25
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Agricology www.agricology.co.uk