technology and the human experience seminar presentation july 22, 2005 greg buggé
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Technology and Technology and the Human the Human ExperienceExperienceSeminar PresentationSeminar Presentation
July 22, 2005July 22, 2005
Greg BuggéGreg Buggé
Read the MachineRead the Machine
A Different PerspectiveA Different Perspective
The First Diesel EngineThe First Diesel Engine
The InspirationThe Inspiration
Nicolas Léonard Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot Sadi Carnot (1796 - 1832)(1796 - 1832)
Thermodynamic Thermodynamic PrincipalsPrincipals
Heat EngineHeat Engine Foundation of Foundation of
Diesel’s IdeasDiesel’s Ideas
Heat EngineHeat Engine
An ideal engine that An ideal engine that transforms heat into worktransforms heat into work
Goal was to make the engine Goal was to make the engine as efficient as possibleas efficient as possible
Early engines wasted more Early engines wasted more heat than they usedheat than they used
Watt’s Steam EngineWatt’s Steam Engine
Steam’s EfficiencySteam’s Efficiency
Although the Although the steam engine steam engine helped helped revolutionize revolutionize the industrial the industrial process it was process it was only about 7% only about 7% efficientefficient
Lynwood Bryant “Rudolf Diesel and His Rational Engine,” Lynwood Bryant “Rudolf Diesel and His Rational Engine,” Scientific AmericanScientific American August 1969, 116August 1969, 116
Diesel’s IdeaDiesel’s Idea
Use Carnot’s idea of the Heat Use Carnot’s idea of the Heat EngineEngine
Envisioned it would replace Envisioned it would replace steam for everything from steam for everything from sewing machines to battleshipssewing machines to battleships
Problems to OvercomeProblems to Overcome
Compress air to a very high pressure Compress air to a very high pressure and temperatureand temperature
Choose the right fuelChoose the right fuel Inject the fuel into the high-pressure Inject the fuel into the high-pressure
airair Control the timing and amount of fuel Control the timing and amount of fuel
injectioninjection Mix the fuel in the time availableMix the fuel in the time available Ignite the mixtureIgnite the mixtureLynwood Bryant “The Development of the Diesel Engine,” Lynwood Bryant “The Development of the Diesel Engine,” Technology and CultureTechnology and Culture July July 1976: 437-4381976: 437-438
Diesel’s CalculationsDiesel’s Calculations
Carnot’s Work Diesel’s Patent Drawings
Diesel’s PatentDiesel’s Patent
Fuel IdeasFuel Ideas
Diesel believed he could obtain Diesel believed he could obtain more work from fuels such as “coal, more work from fuels such as “coal, or almost any other combustible” to or almost any other combustible” to an efficiency of 73 Percentan efficiency of 73 Percent
Lynwood Bryant “Rudolf Diesel and His Rational Engine,” Lynwood Bryant “Rudolf Diesel and His Rational Engine,” Scientific AmericanScientific American August 1969, 116 August 1969, 116
Diesel’s ThinkingDiesel’s Thinking
Knew that as air was compressed it also Knew that as air was compressed it also rose in temperaturerose in temperature
Introduced fuel at just the right momentIntroduced fuel at just the right moment Explosion of fuel and air mixture drove Explosion of fuel and air mixture drove
the piston down providing the workthe piston down providing the work Hi Efficiency=Economy, even in small Hi Efficiency=Economy, even in small
enginesengines This would enable industry to decentralizeThis would enable industry to decentralize
Lynwood Bryant “Rudolf Diesel and His Rational Engine,” Lynwood Bryant “Rudolf Diesel and His Rational Engine,” Scientific AmericanScientific American August August 1969, 119-1241969, 119-124
Diesel’s First Engine Diesel’s First Engine 18971897
System IntroductionSystem Introduction
Two-Cylinder, Two-Cylinder, 60HP Engine60HP Engine
Match Factory Match Factory in Kemptenin Kempten
First Realistic First Realistic Trial - Trial - Required a Required a Support BaseSupport Base
Support and LearningSupport and Learning
Two Mechanics to Maintain and Two Mechanics to Maintain and OverhaulOverhaul
Types of cooling and lubrication Types of cooling and lubrication requiredrequired
Engine control under varying Engine control under varying loadsloads
Fuel Injection ProblemsFuel Injection ProblemsLynwood Bryant “The Development of the Diesel Engine,” Lynwood Bryant “The Development of the Diesel Engine,” Technology and CultureTechnology and Culture July 1976: 443July 1976: 443
Early Diesel Engine UseEarly Diesel Engine Use
1904 Four diesel engines in the Kiev Municipal Transport Authority, the first power plant of its kind.
Public AcceptancePublic Acceptance
““Wonderful New Motor…An Oil Engine Wonderful New Motor…An Oil Engine Without Smoke, Smell or Electric Without Smoke, Smell or Electric Ignition…Ignition…New York TimesNew York Times April 7, 1901 April 7, 1901
““Oil Burner Sure to Replace Steam Oil Burner Sure to Replace Steam Engine”…Engine”…Chicago TribuneChicago Tribune April 2, 1905 April 2, 1905
Newspaper articles found in ProQuest Historical Newspapers
Mankind’s GratitudeMankind’s Gratitude
““If the Diesel frees the streets from the If the Diesel frees the streets from the smell of the motor car and yacht smell of the motor car and yacht decks and ladies’ dresses from the decks and ladies’ dresses from the cinders of a steamer funnel, the cinders of a steamer funnel, the German inventor will have claim on German inventor will have claim on the gratitude of mankind.”the gratitude of mankind.”
“German Oil Engine, It Uses the Crude Oil Without Smell or Dirt-Is Being Introduced into England and France,” Los Angeles Times, April 25, 1901. ProQuest Historical Papers
EconomicsEconomics
EngineEngineInitialInitial
Expense*Expense*OperatingOperating
Expense*Expense*
ElectricElectric 400400 649649
Ordinary Ordinary Oil Oil
EngineEngine644644 791791
Diesel Oil Diesel Oil EngineEngine 815815 421**421**
Gas*** Gas*** EngineEngine 580580 585585
*In Pounds Sterling **Based on Borneo Oil at 3.75 Pence per gallon ***Illuminating Gas“The Diesel Oil Engine, A Comparison of Working Expense,” The Wall Street Journal, June 9, 1902, ProQuest Historical Papers.
Replacement of SteamReplacement of Steam
Gradual Shift in Industry from Gradual Shift in Industry from Steam to DieselSteam to Diesel
Maritime IndustryMaritime Industry England worried about the shift from England worried about the shift from
Coal to OilCoal to Oil World’s Largest Producer of CoalWorld’s Largest Producer of Coal
Now…or Then?Now…or Then?
“No New Oil Oceans in Sight;Rapidly Increasing Demand”
“Thorough Survey of the Whole World’s Petroleum ConditionsLeads to Conclusions of the Greatest Import”
Now…or Then?Now…or Then?
“No New Oil Oceans in Sight;Rapidly Increasing Demand”
“Thorough Survey of the Whole World’s Petroleum ConditionsLeads to Conclusions of the Greatest Import”
Los Angeles Times May 4, 1913 ProQuest Historical Newspapers
Rudolf DieselRudolf Diesel
1858 - 1913