technology education centre 05. livewire pcb wizard control studio www. new-wave-concepts.com r....

Technology Education Centre 05.

Livewire

PCBWizard

ControlStudio

www. new-wave-concepts.com R. Moffatt. TEC Omagh, WELB


Livewire


www. new-wave-concepts.com

R. Moffatt (Assistant Adviser for Technology & Design)


Aims:

To provide opportunities for improving skills in using the Livewire

‘Electronics’ software. And to promote a better understanding of electronics

Systems.

( Live Wire, Control Studio and PCB Wizard)


Objectives:

• To introduce teachers to Live Wire, Control Studio and PCB Wizard 3

software

• To explore and develop the ‘Live Wire’ software in relation to school

based projects and electronic circuit design for Key Stage 3 & 4

• To experience all three software packages in the design and construction of

Circuit design and the construction of PCB’s

• To develop strategies for teaching this new software at Key Stage 3 and 4

( Live Wire, Control Studio and PCB Wizard)


Livewire is a simulated electronics laboratory that uses animation andsound to demonstrate the principles of electronic circuits.Switches, transistors, diodes, integrated circuits and hundreds of othercomponents can all be connected together to investigate hiddenconcepts such as voltage, current and charge. There are no limits tothe circuits that can be designed and no loose connections or faultycomponents to worry about. However, if the maximum ratings for anycomponents are exceeded, they will explode!



Confirm Ohms Law by changing the value of R1 to:-

• 10K x 899.99 uA = 9 Volts • 100K x 90.00 uA = 9 “• 2k2 x 4.09 mA = 9 “

Ex 1: Verifying Ohms Law

V

I R


Resistors in Parallel:R1

R2

R1

R2

R1

R2

1) Calculate the total resistance for the two resistors in parallel?




Build the circuit and record the Resistance when the temperature reaches: -

a) 20 degrees Celsiusb) 30 degrees Celsiusc) 60 degrees Celsiusd) Resistance is measured in?e) Name the component R1?

Multi Meter Multi Meter Multi Meter

Ex 2: Measuring Resistance:


a) Build the circuit to show how the current increases as the Resistance decreases

b) Current flow is measured in?

Ex 3: Measuring Current Flow:Ammeter


Ex 4 : Measuring Voltage:

Measuring Voltage – Demonstrates how a multimeter can be usedto measure the voltage level ( or potential difference) between twopoints in a circuit.

a) Build the circuit and adjust the light sensor (R2) to see how the resistance shown in the multimeter (voltmeter) changes accordingly.

Voltmeter

Vo


Ex 5: Series Circuits:

a) Build the circuits shown above and test to light the bulbsb) Note what happens to the output of each bulb when more bulbs are added?c) Draw these circuit diagrams in your folder


Ex 6: Parallel Circuits – shows several bulbs in parallel.

a) Build each of the circuits shown and test.b) Explain what would happen if BL 2 fused in circuit A ? c) Explain what would happen if BL3 fused in circuit B?d) Draw these circuit diagrams in your folder and explain how they work?

Parallel Circuits:

A B


a) Build the circuit above using Livewire and test! b) Draw this circuit in your folderc) Explain how this circuit works? d) Explain the purpose of R1 in the circuit?

Ex 7: LED-Light Emitting Diode

‘on’‘off’


Flashing LED

Ex 8: A Flashing LED

+_

a) Build and test the circuit shownb) Draw this circuit diagram in your folderc) Give one practical use for this circuit?


Ex 9: Dimmer Switch

Using a Variable Resistor

a) Build the circuit shown and testb) Explain the function of the Variable Resistor?


Ex 10: Potential Difference

a) Build the potential divider as shown and use the multimeter to seewhat happens when the push-to-make switch is pressed?

Voltmeter


a) Build the circuit as shown and time how long it takes the capacitor to fully charge?b) Check how long it takes Vo to reach two thirds the supply voltage =

‘time constant’

Voltage Out

Ex 11: Time Delay

Voltmeter


Radial electrolytic capacitor

Capacitors:

A Capacitor stores electric

charge. It consists of two

plates separated by an

insulator called the dielectric.

The charge stored depends

on the size of the capacitor

and the voltage applied to it.

The unit of capacitance, the

farad, is very large and most

capacitors you will use are

likely to be measured in

microfarads (F) and

nanofarads (nF).

Polyester film capacitor

Ceramic disc capacitor

Axial electrolytic capacitor



When the switch is

closed, a current flows

into the capacitor until it is

full. If R is a resistor with a

high resistance the

current flows slowly,

and if it is a resistor of

low value the current

flows quickly. Compare

this with water from a tap

filling a basin. The amount

of water flowing into the

basin is altered depending

on whether the tap is fully

open or almost closed.


Ex 11 (b): Capacitors

Build the circuit as shown press and hold SW1 and test how long it takes for the voltage meter to reach 9V using:-

a) R1 = 1Kb) R1 = 10Kc) R1 = 100K

Time constant (sec) = C (farads) X R (ohms)


Time Constant

When the switch is

closed and the capacitor

starts to charge, the

voltage output can be

monitored using a

voltmeter. To start with

the voltmeter will show

0V, increasing to 9V

when the capacitor is

fully charged. A graph

can be plotted of the

voltage output against

the time taken.

Time constant (sec) = C (farads) X R (ohms)

The first part of

the graph is

almost a straight

line, which then

curves and tails

off as it takes

longer and longer

to fill the

capacitor. The

time taken to

reach two thirds of

the supply voltage

is called the time

constant and can

be calculated

using the formula:

Vo

lts

Time (seconds)

S upply V oltage

2

4

6

8

10

t



Transistors are

semiconductor devices.

This means that they have

a resistance to the flow of

electrons – current.

However they become

conductors if a small

voltage is provided across

two of the legs – the base

and the emitter.

Collector (c)

Emitter (e)

Base (b)

Symbol for the n-p-n transistor

You can use the transistor as a high speed switch if a small voltage of

0.6 – 1.6V is applied to the base leg as shown below

The Transistor



X

Y

Y

X

B B

Water Pipe Analogy:

Extracted from Making Things Work Ken shooter & John Saxton

The Potential Divider


In the light the voltage between the

base and the emitter leg of the

transistor is 657mV or 0.65V. For this

transistor the voltage is not enough to

switch it on – therefore the bulb

remains off.

In the darkness the voltage between the

base and the emitter leg of the

transistor is 739mV or 0.739V. This

voltage is high enough to switch on the

transistor – therefore the bulb is

switched on.

Ex 12: Potential Divider

a) Build the circuit shown and testb) Draw the circuit in your folder and explain how it works?


PCB WizardLivewire

Ex 12 (b):

Convert this Circuit Design to a PCB Layout using PCB Wizard


Dark Sensor

Transistor

The Transistor


Ex 13 Dark Sensor: Circuit 4 from 112 Circuit Designs – M. Lynch

TIP 121 TIP 121

Light level low LED will be ‘on’

a) Build this circuit and testb) Convert this circuit to a PCB layout using PCB Wizardc) Draw the circuit diagram in your workbook and explain how it works?


Ex 14: Dark Sensor

a) Draw the Circuit Diagram from the PCB Track Layout shown and test.b) After listening to the commentary briefly explain how this circuit works in your own words?

Circ4.avi

B C E

M. Lynch


Light level high the LED will be ‘on’

Ex. 14 (c) Light Sensor: Circuit 5 from 112 Circuit Designs – M. Lynch

c) Build this circuit and test.

Light level low the LED will be ‘off’


M. Lynch


http:// www.technologypupil.comhttp:// www.technologystudent.com


Aroma Fan: a Suggested Year 10 Project

foam?

pine box

dowel?

Solar 3v motorPowered by a dryCell battery

aroma oil dropped on foam

555 timer circuitfan ‘on’ for a set time?

Fan

Design Activity: Design a decorative platform for the top of the box toaccommodate the flower petals NB: Refresher oils is to be added to these petals.


Ideas for the box top Butterfly / Ladybird


Circuit 37 555 (On for a period) from 112 Circuit Designs – M. Lynch

Ex 15: a) Build the circuit design and testb) Explain how this circuit works


Ex 15:

c) Listen to the commentary and explain in your own words how this circuit works?

M. Lynch


Circuit 38 555 (Off for a period) from 112 Circuit Designs – M. Lynch

Ex 16: a) Build the circuit design and testb) Explain how this circuit works


Ex 16:

c) Listen to the commentary and explain in your own words how this circuit works?

M. Lynch


Circuit 44 555 Astable from 112 Circuit Designs – M. Lynch

Ex 17: a) Build the circuit design and test.b) Convert this circuit using PCB Wizard to a PCB layout


Ex 17:

b) Listen to the commentary and explain in your own words how this circuit works?

M. Lynch


A Hazard or Warning Sign

Suggested GCSE ProjectsUsing 555 IC:

An Egg Timer

Monostable / Astable

Monostable


Why not a ‘Bicycle Lights’ Theme?

A Bicycle Hazard Light

GCSE Suggested Projects;


A Suggested GCSE Project – ‘Bike Indicators’

555 Astable Circuit



A Desktop Fan Design

A Potential Divider circuit driving a 555 Monostable.



GCSE Project: A Computer Controlled Teleporter

A 555 Monostable / Astable



Circuit 59 555 Bike Indicators from 112 Circuit Designs – M. Lynch

Ex 18: a) Build the circuit design and test.b) Convert this circuit to a PCB layout using PCB Wizard


Bicycle Indicators circuit design


Circuit 74 Majority Decision from 112 Circuit Designs – M. Lynch

Ex 19: a) Build the circuit design and test.b) Convert this circuit to a PCB layout using PCB Wizard


Circuit 17 555 Heat Sensor (Operational Amplifier) from 112 Circuit Designs

Ex 20: a) Build the circuit design and testb) Adjust the thermistor and record the temperature that operates the motor/fan?c) With VR1 set at 1K what temperature operates the motor/fan? d) Convert this circuit to a PCB layout using PCB Wizard


Circuit 50 555 Chaser from 112 Circuit Designs

Ex 21: a) Build the circuit design and testb) Adjust VR1 to see the effect on the LED’sc) Convert this circuit to a PCB layout using PCB Wizard


Logic Levels:

Ex 22: a) Build the logic decade counter circuit design and test


Ex 23: a) Build the DPDT circuit design and testb) Explain the electron flow around this circuit?

DPDT: Double Pole Double Throw Switch:


DPDT: Double Pole Double Throw Switch:

Ex 24: a) Build the DPDT circuit design and test using Live wireb) Sketch this circuit in your note bookc) Explain how this circuit works?


0V

9V

R1

R2

R3

OP -AM P

R4T IP 1 2 1

RLA11 2 V

0 V

D 1R 5

L E D

VR1

SW 1

Ex 25: a) Model the Light Sensing circuit and test using the Live Wireb) Sketch this circuit in your note bookc) Listen to the commentary an explain how this circuit works?

Circuit 11 Light Sensing (Operational Amplifier) from 112 Circuit Designs



Ex 25: a) Model the Light Sensing circuit and test using the Live Wireb) Sketch this circuit in your note bookc) Listen to the commentary and explain how this circuit works?

IC1 CA 3140E Op Amp



M. Lynch

Ex 25: Listen to the commentary to understand how the circuit works?


PCB Wizard




unpopulated

Real World prototype

normal

Potential Divider; Transistor Switching Circuit:

Ex: 22 Draw the simple circuit design using PCB Wizard


Ex: 22 Circuit design auto route to PCB Layout:

Live WirePCB Wizard V3


Control Studio


Technology Education Centre


Digital Signal

Analogue Signal

Page 9.

Systems

a) Join the switch unit and connector as shown

b) Record what happens when the switch unit is pressed then press F9

c) Connect the Light Sensor to the Sensor unit as shown and move the slider up and down. What happens?


a) Construct the circuit diagram below:-

b) Try pressing the switch. Does the bulb turn off or on?c) Look at the connector to the right of the switch is the signal high or low when you press the switch?

d) Continue the exercises set out in pages 10 and 11

Page 10

Input

Switches


Input

Sensors

Page 13


Input

Sensors

Page 14


Design Task 34

a) Design the system using Control Studiob) Convert this design to a circuit diagram using Livewirec) Convert this design to a PCB layout using PCB Wizard

Task 34:


Task 34: Solution


Task 31

Burglar Alarm;


a) Build this circuit in Control Studio and testb) Modify this circuit so that the light is latched once triggeredc) Convert this design to a circuit diagram in Livewired) Convert the circuit diagram to a PCB in Wizard


Sensor Activated

Task 31 Burglar Alarm;


Below is a system designed to monitor the temperature of a car radiator. When

the radiator temperature becomes too high the voltage from the temperature

sensor and sensor unit changes. The comparator detects this change in

voltage and activates the transducer. The transducer driver provides enough

power for the motor to operate, cooling the car radiator.

Task: __ Car Radiator Temperature Control:


The diagram below shows a modular circuit and a conveyor belt system. The

circuit has a push switch which, when pressed, causes a solenoid to punch a

hole in a piece of card. The card travels across the conveyor belt, is punched

and then falls into a basket at the end of the belt.

Task: __ Conveyor Belt System:


Reading Resistors:


http:// www.electronic-circuits-diagrams.com/tutorials/rescalc.shtml

A useful aid when reading resistors!


http:// www.cybersoftware.co.uk


Notes & data CD 94-1200 £2.95

http://www.rapidelectronics.co.uk

Neon glow wireThis fabulous range of flexible neon glow wires are ideal for costume design, Christmas lighting and stage props, not to mention the numerous safety uses at night! With continuous or strobing options, these products supply 20 hours of continuous light or 60 hours of strobing, whilst remaining cool to the touch. Choose from pink, blue, yellow, violet or lime, these products come complete with battery unit with belt clip, 2 x AA batteries, plus an ideas leaflet

Image gallery CD-ROM 94-0670 £4.99


Jitterbugs

http:// www.new-wave-concepts.comhttp://www.crocodile-clips.comhttp://www.electronics-tutorials.comhttp://www.web-ee.comhttp://www.quasarelectronics.comhttp://www.howstuffworks.comhttp:// www.electronic-circuits-diagrams.comhttp:// www.discovercircuits.comhttp:// www.cybersoftware.co.ukhttp:// www.kpsec.freeuk.comhttp:// www.technologystudent.comhttp://www.rapidelectronics.co.ukhttp:// www.design-technology.info/electronics/page9.htmhttp://dmoz.org

Useful Electronic Web Sites

R. Moffatt (Assistant Adviser for Technology & Design)

technology education centre 05. livewire pcb wizard control studio www. new-wave-concepts.com r....

Documents

technology design slide

folder slide

welb slide

ammeter slide

voltmeter vo slide

parallel circuits

total resistance

r1 r2 r1 r2 r1 r2