technology ict core: spreadsheets. spreadsheets a spreadsheet is a table consisting of rows and...
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Technology
ICTCore: Spreadsheets
Spreadsheets
A spreadsheet is a table consisting of Rows and ColumnsWhere a row and a column meet, the box is called a CellEach cell has an address consisting of the column name followed by the row name
In the image below, the highlighted cell is called B2
Spreadsheets
A cell can contain any of the following:
• Alphanumeric text - a cell label, a date etc• A Numeric Value - a number, a currency value etc.
• A Formula - a calculation carried out on a range of cells with the result placed in the cell containing the formula
Alphanumeric Text
A Numeric Value
A Formula
Spreadsheets
The Interface Excel 2007 is very different than any previous versionThe Drop-Down menus and Toolbars are gone and are replaced by the RibbonAbove the ribbon you will find the TabsThese are the equivalent of the old Menu Bar
When a tab is chosen, Groups of commands associated with the tab are shown in the ribbon
Spreadsheets
A Dialog Launcher is included with most groupsThis is an Arrow at the bottom of the group and it is used to launch the dialog box associated with the group
Spreadsheets
The Quick Access Toolbar (QAT) is the only toolbar in Excel 2007 This toolbar gives quick access to frequently used tools
Spreadsheets
It can be customised to display any group of commands by clicking More Commands in the drop down list and selecting the required commands
Spreadsheets
The Office Button contains most of the old File Menu commandsEach of the commands shows the available options when clicked
Spreadsheets
Selecting cells Cells in Excel are selected for a number of reasons:
• Formatting - changing font size, colour, emphasis, typeface etc• Formula - selecting the range of cells to apply a formula • Printing - selecting a range of cells to print
To select cells in Excel:
• A Cell - click the cell• A Row - click the row heading• A Column - click the column heading• Adjacent rows - drag down the row headings• Adjacent columns - drag across the column headings• Entire Worksheet - click the select all button• A Range of Cells - click the first cell and drag to the last• Non Adjacent Ranges - hold down the Ctrl key while selecting
the ranges
Spreadsheets
Range
CellColumn
Row
Cell
Spreadsheets
Formulas Excel formulas are basically mathematical equationsWriting Excel formulas is done differently than formulas in mathsExcel formulas are carried out on cells and not on numbers as in maths In excel a cell’s location in the spreadsheet is referred to as its cell reference
In the example below, the contents of cell A1 and cell B1 are added (SUM) and as cellC1 is highlighted when the formula is entered, the result placed in cell C1
Spreadsheets
When you use cell references in Excel formulas, the formulas will automatically update when the data in the spreadsheet changes For example, if you realize that the data in cell A1 should have been 50 instead of 20, you only need to change the contents of cell A1 and the spreadsheet recalculates automatically
This is the power of a spreadsheet
Spreadsheets
• In formulas, the following operators are used:
• The following functions are most commonly used:
Symbol Operation
+ Add
- Subtract
* Multiply
/ Divide
Function Use
Sum Add
Average Find average
Spreadsheets
Formula Examples:
• The contents of cell B6 are multiplied by the contents of cell C6 and the answer is placed in cell D6
Spreadsheets
It would be very repetitive if this procedure was necessary to calculate each row individually, so excel has a replication feature
• Click the bottom right-hand corner of the cell containing the formula and drag down to include the other rows required
The formula is replicated
Spreadsheets
• The contents of cells D6 to cell D10 inclusive (D6:D10) are added (SUM). The colon means from the first cell reference to the second cell reference
Spreadsheets
• AutoSum is a feature that guesses the numbers you want to add and shown a formula in the answer cell. Simply select the cell you want the answer to appear in and click the AutoSum button
• A marquee (marching ants) is drawn around AutoSum’s guess
Spreadsheets
If the guess is correct, click the enter button
If it is wrong, click the cancel button
EnterCancel
Spreadsheets
Charting Charting is used to graphically represent dataThe trick is to keep it simple and use a number of charts to instead on a single chart with too much data on it
• Select the data to chart
Spreadsheets
• Click the Insert tab• Choose the Chart category in the Charts group• Select the Chart type in the drop-down list
The chart appears on the worksheet. The chart can be edited and the chart category or type changed. It can also be selected and copied and pasted to another application
Spreadsheets
Modifying Charts The Design tab: A chart can be moved by simply dragging it to another part of the worksheet. You can also click the Move Chart button in the Design tab to move a chart to another worksheet etc
• The Type layout in the Design tab allows a change from a bar to a pie chart etc
Spreadsheets
• The Data group allows you to switch which data should appear in the rows and which should be in the columns
• The Chart Layouts group and Chart Styles group allows the data to be represented in different styles within the same chart type
The Layout tab controls the insertion of objects and the positioning and formatting of chart titles, exes etc. It also controls the display of chart gridlines