technology implementation of p recycling in ... - global traps · global sustainable p management...
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Technology Implementation of
P recycling in Japan
Hisao Ohtake
PRPCJ*
Osaka University
Block 2: Technology and finance
*PRPCJ: Phosphorus Recycling Promotion Council of Japan
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PRPCJ
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Technologies are available for P recycling.
However, they are not well implemented.
Key issue
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PRPCJ
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Japan has a lot of experience
and good practice in P recycling.
Why Japan?
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PRPCJ
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Gifu and Tottori WWTPs (Sludge incineration ash) Fukuoka and Matsue WWTPs (Sludge digestion liquor) Senboku Sludge Treatment plant (Human waste) Nippon Phosphoric Acid Co. (Sludge incineration ash) Japan Synthetic Alcohol Co. (Spent chemical catalyst) Kyowa Hakko Bio. Co. (Fermentation waste) J-Oil Mills Incorporation (Food waste) Miyazaki Biomass Recycle Co. (Poultry manure) Kanesada Kosan Co. (Used extinguishing agent)
P recycling in Japan
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PRPCJ
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PRPCJ
Gifu
Fukuoka
Matsue
Senboku
Nippon Phosphoric Acid Co.
Japan Synthetic Alcohol Co.
J-Oil Mills Inc.
Kyowa Hakko Bio Co. Miyazaki Biomass Recycle Co.
Kanesada Kosan Co.
Tokyo, Tsuchiura
Osaka
Kobe
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Tottori
Fukuyama
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PRPCJ
6 The full-scale plant for recovering P from sludge incineration ash. It started running in April, 2010, at Gifu, Japan.
From Mr. K. Goto, Gifu City Office
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PRPCJ
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HAP
From Mr. K. Goto, Gifu City Office
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P fertilizer supply: 500 ton/year
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The full-scale plant for recovering P from sludge incineration ash. It started running in April, 2013, at Tottori, Japan.
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PRPCJ
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The full-scale plant started running in 1997 at Fukuoka.
Struvite recovery 9
100-140 t MAP/year
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PRPCJ
10 Struvite recovery 10
The full-scale plant started running in 1998 at Matsue.
100-150 t MAP/year
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Hydroxyapatite (HAP)
Senboku
P recovery from humane waste 11
Crystallizer of HAP process
Capacity 60 m3/d (equivalent to 60,000 people)
ca. 50 kg HAP/day
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PRPCJ
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Plant construction cost
50% government subsidy
50% municipal bond
Financing
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PRPCJ
13 Phosphoric acid from sludge incineration ash 13
Nippon Phosphoric Acid Co. supplies phosphoric acid (280 ton/day).
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14 Phosphoric acid from sludge incineration ash
Storage Mixing ash with rock P
Reactor
Ash
M
ixtu
re
Sulfuric acid
Filter
Phosphoric acid & gypsum
Phosphoric acid
Ash
A maximum of 5% (w/w)
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PRPCJ
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Diversify P sources
Reduce raw material costs
Motivation and Incentive
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PRPCJ
16 Direct hydration of ethylene to ethanol
Catalyst: phosphoric acid 300oC 60 atm. JAPAN SYNTHETIC ALCOHOL CO.,Ltd.
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PRPCJ
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P2O5 = 29%
CaO = 59%
Organic matter = 12%
P recovery in the fermentation industry
Recovered P is sold as by-product P fertilizer.
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PRPCJ
18 P recovery in the food industry 18
h"p://minarai39.blog112.fc2.com/blog-‐date-‐201108.html
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PRPCJ
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Meet stringent effluent standards
Reduce waste disposal costs*
Motivation and incentive
*Mutual benefits with fertilizer companies
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PRPCJ
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No active policy support
No established market
Policy support and market
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PRPCJ
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Take action without delay
Try everything possible
Bring benefits to Industry
Japan’s approaches
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PRPCJ
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Tight regulation of waste disposal*
Collaboration among industry, academia, and
government (PRPCJ)
Big companies’ participation (CSR)
Many SMEs in the fertilizer industry**
Government subsidies for technology innovation
* Land filling and land application of biosolids are prohibited. **Principal end users of recovered P.
Japan's strengths
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PRPCJ
23 The Phosphorus Recycling Promotion Council of Japan
150 members, 2013
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Principal members Strategy formulation meetings
INDUSTRY-ACADEMIA-GOVERNMENT PLATFORM FOR STRATEGIES ON SUSTAINABLE P MANAGEMENT
IN JAPAN
PHOSPHORUS RECYCLING PROMOTION COUNCIL OF JAPAN
(PRPCJ) A na>on-‐wide associa>on
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan Ministry of Environment
Global Sustainable P management
International contributions
Japan EU North & South America Africa Asia Oceania
Sustainable P management in Asia
Global Framework for P management
Japan China Vietnam Korea Taiwan Thailand India
Coordinator H. Ohtake, Osaka University
Policy recommendation
Interdisciplinary Research
Participation in International meetings
事務局
Development of P recycling systems
Japan Organics Recycling Association
Academia P flow in Asia
Japan Sewage Works Association Saga Prefectural Environmental Cooperation Iwate Industrial Research Institute Japan Environmental Sanitation Center Japan Education Center of Environmental Sanitation Japan Sewage Treatment Plant construction Association Japan Soil Association Japan Fertilizer and Ammonia Producers Association Japan Fertilizer and Feed Inspection Association Japan Organics Recycling Association More than 60 private companies
Industry Government
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PRPCJ
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Bring together stakeholders
Fill the gaps in knowledge
Provide right information
Raise public awareness
Develop strategy for implementing P recycling
Stimulate research and technology innovation
Promote international cooperation
Cooperate with local governments
Create business opportunities
PRPCJ’s tasks
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PRPCJ
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P recovery from steel-making slag
Low-cost technology for P recovery
Tailor Japan’s policy to P recycling society
Raise public awareness
Bring economic benefits to industry
Accelerate research and innovation
Promote international cooperation
What Next?
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PRPCJ
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高炉 トーピードカー(溶銑予備処理炉)
転炉(脱炭炉)
溶銑(~1500℃)
脱リンスラグ
溶銑(~1400℃)
粗鋼(~1600℃)
P 2-3 w% Steel-making slag
P 0.1 w% P 0.02 w%
Iron making Hot metal pretreatment Basic oxygen steel making
From Prof. Tetsuya Nagasaka, Tohoku University, Japan
P recovery from steel-making slag
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PRPCJ
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Global iron ore production = 3.0 bln tn/y
P content = 0.03%
P in steel-making slag = 1.0 mln tn/y
(global P production = 18.0 mln tn/y)
P recovery potential
bln: billion, mln: million, tn: ton, y: year
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0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
KF-‐2 A KF-‐2 B
KF-‐2 C KF-‐2 D P
reco
very
(%)
Ca/P=2 Ca/P=1.5 Ca/P=1
N 0.13 0.12 0.19 P2O5 15.6 18.3 22.0
N and P contents after P adsorption
Time (min)
P recovery using amorphous calcium silicate hydrates 29
Onoda Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
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Simple cost-effective process
Decarbonation
Acid A-CSHs
Precipitation Drying
Recovered P (By-product P fertilizer)
Influent Effluent
Acid
A-CSH-P
Floc formation
Reaction
Filtration
90% v/v
10% v/v
Onoda Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
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PRPCJ
31 P recovery demonstration car 31
Onoda Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
1-m3 P recovery reactor
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Surface treatment chemicals
Food additive
Flame retardant
Electronics, Battery
Chemicals, Pesticide
Fertilizer, Feed additive
Food oil refinery agent
SECONDARY PRODUCT
Automobile body Steel plate
Computer Cellular phone Liquid crystal TV
Antioxidant Flavor enhancer
Home electronics Textile Printer
Electric Car Battery PC battery
Antibiotics Medicine
Detergent Shampoo
Phosphate fertilizer Mixed fertilizer
Cooking oil Salad oil
Eutrophic lake water and sediments
Sewage sludge and sludge incineration ash
Steel-making slag
Waste from food and fermentation industry
Waste from chemical industry
Agricultural and livestock waste
Waste from high-tech industry
Farmland soil
Garbage and kitchen waste
Low-quality rock phosphate
USE APPLICATION
Yellow phosphorus
Phosphoric acid
Etching agent
UN
US
ED
PH
OS
PH
OR
US
R
ES
OU
RC
E
PHOSPHATE REFINERY QUALITY, QUANTITY, COST, AND MARKET Intermediate of
medicine
Phosphate Refinery is the technology for recovering phosphorus from unused resources .
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PRPCJ
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Steel-making industry (steel-making slag) Car industry (surface treatment chemicals) Electronics industry (etching agents) Food industry (food additives) Chemical industry (flame retardants) Alloy industry (exhaust gas) Fermentation industry (spent culture broth) Plating industry (plating wastes) Pharmaceutical industry (chemical wastes)
P emission in industry
(*) : uses, products or wastes
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PRPCJ
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Industry participation is the key for P recycling.
Green industry
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PRPCJ
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PRPCJ Phosphorus Recycling Promotion Council of Japan Contact: E-mail:[email protected] http://www.jora.jp/rinji/rinsigen/index.html (Japanese) Chairman: Prof. Hisao Ohtake, Osaka University E-mail: [email protected] http://www.bio.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp/be/eng/publications2.html
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